Diane Harris Review

Imperial Valley College

What is a clause? A group of words with a subject-verb combination

How many clauses do you see in these patterns?
SVV/SV/SSVV
There are two types of clausesIndependent and Dependent
Dependent clauses Adjective (Relative) / Adverb
(The next type of dependent clause will be noun clauses.)
What are the relative pronouns?
Who/that/which/whom/whose + noun/when/where
There are two functions of the relative pronoun.
1) Subject relative clauseMy cat, who brought me a present, likes to hunt birds, lizards, and
turtles.
Sentence #1My cat likes to hunt birds, lizards, and turtles.
Sentence #2My cat brought me a present.
2) Object relative clauseThe cat that she is talking about is funny, cute, and happy.
Sentence #1The cat is funny, cute, and happy.
Sentence #2She is talking (about the cat).

Adverb Clauses
What have you been studying in chapters 7 and 8?
Adverb clauses of time, reason, purpose, contrast, and condition.

Time clauseWhat is the first word of a time clause?

When, whenever, since, as soon as, as, as long as, until, while, before, after, just as

What is the first word of a reason clause?

Because, as, since, now that, while

What is the first word of a purpose clause?

So, so that

What is the first word of a contrast clause?

Even though, although, though

What is the first word of a conditional clause?

Even if, if, unless, when
Adverb clauses are dependent clauses.

How do you punctuate a sentence with a dependent adverb clause?

Option #4
Dependent Adverb Clause , Independent Main Clause
When, If, As dependent , independent .
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Option #5
Independent Main Clause (no comma) Dependent Adverb Clause
Independent when, if, as, though dependent adverb
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