Chemistry AP Chapters 6 and 17 Practice Test

1. Suppose a 60.0 g block of silver (specific heat = 0.25 J/gC) at 100C is placed in contact with a
100.0 g block of iron (specific heat = 0.45 J/gC) at 0C, and the two blocks are insulated from the
rest of the universe. Determine the final temperature of the two blocks.

A. 75C.

B. 50C.

C. 25C.

D. 15C.

E. cannot be predicted.

2. Given the following information: Compound Hf (kJ/mole)

CO2(g) 394

H2O(l) 286

C4H8(g) +16

Calculate the heat of combustion of C4H8(g) in kJ.

A. 2736 kJ C. 16 kJ E. 696 kJ

B. 696 kJ D. 2704 kJ

3. Calculate the heat evolved or absorbed when 67.5 grams of SO2Cl2(g) are formed in the reaction:

SO2(g) + Cl2(g) SO2Cl2(g). The heats of formation in kJ per mole are: SO2(g), 297;

SO2Cl2(g), 389.

A. +92 kJ C. +46 kJ E. 184 kJ

B. 92 kJ D. 46 kJ

4. A 0.81 g sample of magnesium was burned in an oxygen bomb calorimeter. The total heat capacity of
the calorimeter plus water was 40,000. J/C. If the temperature rise of the calorimeter with water
was 0.50C, calculate the enthalpy of combustion of magnesium.

Mg(s) + 1/2O2(g) MgO(s)

A. -3280 kJ/mole C. 435 kJ/mole E. 606 kJ/mole

B. -24.8 kJ/mole D. 106 kJ/mole
5. How many grams of water will vaporize if a 100. gram iron block at 250. C is dropped into 1.00 kg of
water at 100. C. Use 4.2 J/gC for the specific heat of water, 0.50 J/gC for the specific heat of
iron, and 2500 J/g as the heat of vaporization for water.

A. 1.5 grams C. 4.2 grams E. 10.5 grams

B. 3.0 grams D. 7.8 grams

6. To which one of these reactions occurring at 25C does the symbol Hf [HNO3(l)] refer?

A. H(g) + N(g) + O3(g) HNO3(l)

B. (1/2)H2(g) + (1/2)N2(g) + (3/2)O2(g) HNO3(l)

C. HNO3(l) (1/2)H2(g) + (1/2)N2(g) + (3/2)O2(g)

D. HNO3(l) H(g) + N(g) + 3O(g)

E. H2(g) + N2(g) + O3(g) HNO3(l)

7. Styrene, C8H8, is one of the substances used in the production of synthetic rubber. When styrene burns
in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and liquid water under standard-state conditions at 25C, 42.62 kJ
are released per gram of styrene. Find the standard enthalpy of formation of styrene at 25C.
(Given: Hf [CO2(g)] = -393.5 kJ/mol, Hf [H2O(l)] = -285.8 kJ/mol)

A. 324 kJ/mol C. -8730 kJ/mol E. 139 kJ/mol

B. -4249 kJ/mol D. -637 kJ/mol

8. Pentaborane B5H9(s) burns vigorously in O2 to give B2O3(s) and H2O(l). Calculate Hf for the
combustion of 1 mol of B5H9.
Hf [B2O3(s)] = -1,273.5 kJ/mol
Hf [B5H9(s)] = 73.2 kJ/mol
Hf [H2O(l)] = -285.8 kJ/mol

A. -1273.5 kJ/mol C. -18,170 kJ/mol E. -8,448 kJ/mol

B. -4,543 kJ/mol D. -9,086 kJ/mol

9. The combustion of butane produces heat according to the equation

2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(l) Hrxn = -5,300 kJ.
How many grams of CO2 are produced per 1.06 104 kJ of heat released?

A. 23.4 g C. 88.0 g E. 704 g

B. 44.0 g D. 187 g
10. Determine the heat given off to the surroundings when 9.0 g of aluminum reacts according to the
equation 2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe, Hrxn = -840 kJ.

A. 7.6 103 kJ C. 1.4 102 kJ E. 2.5 103 kJ

B. 2.8 102 kJ D. 5.6 102 kJ

11. A gas is allowed to expand, at constant temperature, from a volume of 1.0 L to 10.1 L against an
external pressure of 0.50 atm. If the gas absorbs 250 J of heat from the surroundings, what are the
values of q, w, and E?

A. Row 1 C. Row 3 E. Row 5

B. Row 2 D. Row 4

12. Which of the following processes always results in an increase in the energy of a system?

A. The system loses heat and does work on the surroundings.

B. The system gains heat and does work on the surroundings.

C. The system loses heat and has work done on it by the surroundings.

D. The system gains heat and has work done on it by the surroundings.

E. None of these is always true.

13. At 25C, the following heats of reaction are known:

At the same temperature, use Hess's law to calculate Hrxn for the reaction:
ClF(g) + F2(g) ClF3(g)

A. -217.5 kJ/mol C. 217.5 kJ/mol E. 465.4 kJ/mol

B. -130.2 kJ/mol D. -108.7 kJ/mol

14. The heat of the solution of ammonium nitrate is +24.0 kJ/mol. If a 4.00 g sample of NH4NO3 is added
to 40.0 mL of water in a coffee cup calorimeter at 23.0C, what is the final temperature reached by
the solution? [specific heat of water = 4.18 J/gC]

A. 15C C. -7.5C E. 7.5C

B. 20.8C D. 31 C

15. Carbon monoxide reacts with oxygen according to the following thermodynamic equation at 25C
and 1 atm:

2 CO(g) + O2(g) 2 CO2(g) H = - 566 kJ

Which statement(s) is(are) true?

I. The reaction is endothermic

II. The heat of combustion of gaseous carbon monoxide is 283 kJ/mole

III. The heat of standard formation of CO2(g) is 283 kJ/mole

A. I only C. III only E. I and II

B. II only D. II and III

16. The molar heat of fusion of water is 334 J/gram. Find the amount of heat needed to turn a 30.0 gram
block of ice at 0.0 C to liquid water at 40.0 C. Use 4.2 J/gC for the specific heat of water.

A. 32,300 J C. 18,250 J E. 12,900 J

B. 26,750 J D. 15,060 J

17. What are the signs on H, G, and S for the freezing of liquid water at - 5C?

H S G

A + + +

C +

D +

E +
For questions number 18 through 20 refer to the following:

N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g) H = 92.4 kJ

And S (N2) = 191.5 J/moleK; S (H2) = 130.6 J/moleK; S(NH3) = 192.5 J/moleK

18. What is the value of S for the reaction?

A. 198.3 J/K C. 129.6 J/K E. 514.6 J/K

B. 390.8 J/K D. 62.9 J/K

19. What is the value for G for the reaction at 200 K?

A. 127.4 kJ

B. 52.8 kJ

C. 132.0 kJ

D. 0.0 kJ

E. 52.8 kJ

20. Below what maximum Kelvin temperature would this reaction become spontaneous?

A. 0.00 k

B. 0.47 K

C. 298 K

D. 466 K

E. 781 K

21. In the current energy crisis methanol, CH3OH, has been suggested as a fuel. The following reaction
would be useful if it were thermodynamically feasible: 2 H2(g) + CO(g) CH3OH(g) To
answer the question of feasibility, deduce G for the above reaction, given the thermodynamic
data for the following reactions:

CH3OH(g) + 3/2 O2(g) CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g) G = 689.5 kJ

2 H2(g) + O2(g) 2 H2O(g) G = 456.9 kJ

CO(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) G = 257.3 kJ

A. 889.1 kJ C. 1404 kJ E. 492.4 kJ

B. 33.1 kJ D. 24.7 kJ
22. Given the standard enthalpies of formation and third-law entropies tabulated below, calculate the
standard free energy change at 1000 K for the reaction: SO3(g) + H2O(l) H2SO4(aq)

Compound SO3(g) H2O(l) H2SO4(aq)

Hf (kJ/mole) 395 286 908

Sf (J/moleK) 256 69.9 17.2

A. 135 kJ/mole C. 1498 kJ/mole E. 351 kJ/mole

B. 124 kJ/mole D. 81.7 kJ/mole

23. Which of the following statements is not consistent with the laws of thermodynamics?

A. The entropy change of a chemical reaction depends only on the initial and final states of
the system and not on the exact path by which the reaction was carried out.

B. An endothermic reaction for which the entropy change is negative will become
spontaneous at a sufficiently high temperature.

C. Energy is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.

D. The free energy change of a chemical reaction is equal in magnitude by opposite in sign
to the free energy change for the reverse reaction.

E. One cannot transfer heat from a cold object to a hot object unless one does some work.

24. Estimate the boiling point in Celsius of CH3OH given the following thermodynamic data:

Substance Hf (kJ/mole) Sf (J/moleK)

CH3OH liquid 241 127

CH3OH gas 201 247.

A. 32 C C. 60 C E. 147 C
B. 530 C D. 333 C

25. Calculate the work done in Joules when 2.5 moles of H2O vaporizes at 1.0 atm. And 25C.
Assume the volume of the liquid water is negligible compared to that of vapor.
(1.0 Latm = 101.3 J and use R = 0.08 Latm/moleK)
A. 6190 kJ C. 61.1 J E. 518 J
B. 6.19 kJ D. 5.66 kJ
26. A gas is compressed in a cylinder by a constant pressure of 10.0 atm from a volume of
32.0 L to a new volume of 2.0 L while 5000. J of heat are removed. Calculate E for the
system.
A. 4700 J C. 4700 J E. +15,000 J
B. +25,400 J D. +35,400 J

27. Two metals of equal mass with different specific heat capacities are subjected to the same
amount of heat. Which metal undergoes the smallest change in temperature?
A. The metals must be identified.
B. The initial temperature of the metals must be known.
C. The metal with the lowest specific heat.
D. The metal with the higher specific heat.
E. Both metals undergo the same temperature change.

28. A 100. mL sample of water is placed in a coffee cup calorimeter. When 1.0 grams of an
ionic solid is added to the water the temperature decreases from 21.5 C to 20.8 C as the
solid dissolves. For the dissolving of the solid, select the true statement.
A. Suniv > 0 C. Ssurr > 0 E. Suniv< 0
B. Ssys < 0 D. H < 0

One gram of propane gas is burned at 25C and 1 atmosphere of pressure, and 12.03 kcal of
heat are evolved. Use the following data to answer questions number 29 through 31. (AP
free response question!)

Compound Hf (kcal/mole) Sf (cal/moleK)

H2O(l) 68.3 16.7

CO2(l) 99.1 51.1

O2(g) 0.0 49.0

C3H8(g) ? 64.5

29. Calculate the molar enthalpy of combustion, Hcomb, of propane.

A. 530. kcal C. 12.03 kcal E. 325 kcal

B. +530. kcal D. +12.03 kcal

30. Calculate the molar enthalpy of formation, Hf, of propane.

A. +362.6 kcal C. +40.5 kcal E. 256 kcal

B. 362.6 kcal D. 40.5 kcal

31. Calculate the entropy change, S, for the combustion reaction.

A. +89.4 cal/moleK C. +45.7 cal/moleK E. +156 cal/moleK

B. 89.4 cal/moleK D. 45.7 cal/moleK

32. For the following reaction, CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g) CH4(g) + 2 O2(g), H = 803 kJ. Which
of the following will increase the equilibrium constant, Keq?

A. increase the volume of the system C. increase the temperature of the system

B. decrease the number of moles of methane D. A, B, and C

E. decrease the temperature of the system

33. The value of the equilibrium constant for a given reaction is 6 x 10-20. Select the true statement.

A. The reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction only.

B. The reaction is spontaneous in the reverse direction only.

C. The reaction rate is large only.

D. Both A and C.

E. Both B and C.

34. For a certain reaction a graph of lnK vs. 1/T has a slope value of 100. Determine the value of H
for this reaction.

A. 8.31 x 10-6 kJ/mole C. 8.31 x 10-6 kJ/mole

B. 4.2 kJ/mole D. .831 kJ/mole E. +.831 kJ/mole

35. Consider the following reaction with its thermodynamic data:

2 A(g) + B2(g) 2 AB(g)

If H and S are both negative and G = +10 kJ at 60C, which statement(s) is(are) true?

A. When G = 1, the reaction is at equilibrium.

B. When Q = 1, G = G

C. At 75C, the reaction is definitely nonspontaneous.

D. At 100C, the reaction has a positive entropy change.

E. If A and B2 are elements in their stable states, S for A and B2 at 25C is 0.

F. K for the reaction at 60C is less than 1.

36. For the reaction: CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) CO2(g) + 2 H2O(l), calculate the difference between

H and E at 25 C. Use R = 0.08 Latm/moleK and 1 latm = 101.3 J

A. 4.95 kJ C. 0 kJ E. Impossible to determine

B. +4.95 kJ D. +14.85 kJ

Free Response

1. (a) When liquid water is introduced into an evacuated vessel at 25C, some of the water
vaporizes. Predict how the enthalpy, entropy, free energy, and temperature change in the system
during this process. Explain the basis for each of your predictions.

(b) When a large amount of ammonium chloride is added to water at 25C, some of it dissolves
and the temperature of the system decreases. Predict how the enthalpy, entropy, and free energy
change in the system during this process. Explain the basis for each of your predictions.

(c) If the temperature of the aqueous ammonium chloride system in part (b) were to be increased
to 30C, predict how the solubility of the ammonium chloride would be affected. Explain the
basis for your prediction.

2. Cl2(g) + 3/2 F2(g) ClF3(g)

 ClF3 can be prepared by the reaction represented by the equation above. For ClF3 the standard
enthalpy of formation, Hf, is 163.2 kJ/mole and the standard free energy of formation, Gf is
123.0 kJ/mole.

(a) Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 298 K.

(b) Calculate the standard entropy change, S, for the reaction at 298 K.

(c) If ClF3 were produced as a liquid rather than as a gas, how would the sign and magnitude of
S for the reaction be affected? Explain.

(d) At 298 K the absolute entropies of Cl2(g) and ClF3(g) are 222.96 J/(moleK) and 281.50
J/(moleK) respectively.

(i) Account for the larger entropy of ClF3(g) relative to that of Cl2(g).

(ii) Calculate the value of the absolute entropy of F2(g) at 298 K.

3. A quantity of 200.0 mL of 0.862 M HCl is mixed with 200.0 mL of 0.431 M Ba(OH)2 in a

constant pressure calorimeter. The initial temperature of the HCl and Ba(OH)2 solutions is the
same at 20.48 C. For the process H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) H2O (l) the heat of
neutralization is 56.2 kJ/mole. What is the final temperature of the mixed solution?

4. Consider the graph below

 5. A person ate 0.50 pounds of cheese (an energy intake of 4000 kJ). Suppose that none of the
energy was stored in his body. What mass (in grams) of water would he need to perspire in order
to maintain his original temperature? (It takes 44.0 kJ to vaporize 1 mol of water).

Answers

1. C 19. B

2. A 20. D

3. D 21. D

4. E 22. D

5. B 23. B

6. B 24. C

7. E 25. B

8. B 26. B

9. E 27. D

10. C 28. A

11. A 29. A

12. D 30. D

13. D 31. B

14. A 32. C

15. B 33. B

16. D 34. E

17. B 35. B,C, F

18. A 36. A

Free Response

1. (a) Enthalpy, entropy increase; Free energy and temperature decrease.

(b) Enthalpy and entropy increase; Free energy decreases.

(c) Free energy will decrease, so solubility will increase.

2. (a) k = 3.7 x 1021 (b) S = 135 J/(moleK) (c) The value for the change in entropy will
become more negative. (d) (i) ClF3 has greater positional entropy. (ii) S = 203.3 J/(moleK)
3. 26.3 C

4. (a) As temperature increases reaction becomes more spontaneous.

(b) No, reaction is endothermic because for a process that becomes spontaneous at higher
temperatures H and S must both be positive.

(c) Yes because at higher temperatures S is dominant.

(d) Look for a value of 0 for G. That occurs at slightly less than 340 K

(e) K = 0.018

5. 1640 grams of perspired water must be produced. Thats a lot of water, start running!