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NONLINEARITY
Nonlinear Impairments
We will study the remaining nonlinear phenomenon in optical
fibers
Nonlinear Impairments Reasons
1. Use of single mode fiber (SMF) with small cross section of
light carrying area has led to increased power intensity inside
the fiber
The XPM-induced phase shift can occur only when two pulses
overlap in time
Fiber Nonlinearity Cross Phase Modulation
4 1 2 3
Momentum (p) Conservationphase matching
p= and =
4 1 2 3
Four Wave Mixing
Four-wave mixing (FWM) is analogous to intermodulation
distortion in electrical systems
Four Wave Mixing
The generated sidebands travel along with original waves and
will grow at the expense of signal-strength depletion