"ETWEENAND.

APSTERDEFINEDTHEENTIREWORLDOFPEER TO PEERFILE
SHARINGNETWORKSUNTILLAWSUITSSHUTTHEMDOWN$ESPITELIMITINGTRADINGONLY "EHINDEVERYGREAT
TOAUDIOFILESANDFORCINGEVERYUSERTOACCESSACENTRALSERVERTOFINDTHEFILES FORTUNETHEREISACRIME
THEYWANTEDWHICHALLOWEDTHEAUTHORITIESTOSHUTDOWN.APSTERJUSTBYSHUTTING
(ONORDE"ALZAC
DOWNTHISCENTRALSERVER .APSTERPROVEDBOTHTHETECHNICALFEASIBILITYANDPOPU
LARACCEPTANCEOFPEER TO PEERFILESHARINGNETWORKSFORTHEMASSES
7HILE.APSTERHTTPWWWNAPSTERCOM HASREINCARNATEDITSELFASALEGAL
SUBSCRIPTION BASEDFILESHARINGSERVICESEE#HAPTERFORMOREINFORMATION 
THEFREE WHEELINGREBELLIOUSSPIRITOFFILESHARINGLIVESONINAHOSTOFCOPYCAT
NETWORKSSTRUGGLINGTODEFINETHEMSELVESINTHEVOIDLEFTBYTHEORIGINALFREE
VERSIONOF.APSTERWHICHWASPUTOUTOFBUSINESSBYLAWSUITSLAUNCHEDBYTHE
RECORDINGINDUSTRY 7ITHSOMANYOPTIONSAVAILABLETHERESSURETOBEONEFILE
SHARINGNETWORKTHATWILLAPPEALTOYOU

"7 -
, 7",-

4HEWHOLEIDEABEHINDFILESHARINGISTOCONNECTEVERYONEINANETWORKSOTHAT
EVERYCOMPUTERCANCOPYFILESFROMANYOTHERCOMPUTEROVERTHE)NTERNET4HE
TYPESOFFILESYOUSHARECANBEANYTHINGFROMPROGRAMSANDPICTURESTOMUSIC
ANDMOVIES)FYOUCANSTOREITINAFILEYOUCANSHAREITOVERAFILESHARING
NETWORK
4OCONNECTTOONEOFTHEMANYFILESHARINGNETWORKSAVAILABLEYOUNEEDA
FILESHARINGPROGRAM)NTECHNICALTERMSAFILESHARINGPROGRAMTURNSYOURCOM
PUTERINTOBOTHACLIENTANDASERVER!SACLIENTYOURCOMPUTERCANSEARCHAFILE
SHARINGNETWORKTOFINDANDCOPYFILESFROMANYOTHERCOMPUTERONTHENETWORK
!SASERVERYOURCOMPUTERCANPROVIDEFILESTOANYONEELSEONTHENETWORK
/NCEYOUVEINSTALLEDAFILESHARINGPROGRAMONYOURCOMPUTERYOUREREADYTO
STARTSEARCHINGFORFILES
 ./4%6ISIT3EE7HAT9OU3HAREON00HTTPWWWSEEWHATYOUSHARECOM
FORALOOKATWHATPEOPLESHAREONLINEEVERYTHINGFROMORDINARYPICTURESTO
POLICEREPORTSTOMILITARYRECORDSLISTINGINDIVIDUALSOLDIERSHOMEANDCELLPHONE
NUMBERS

-
,
 ",


3EARCHINGFORAFILEISLIKEUSINGASEARCHENGINEONTHE)NTERNET!TTHESIMPLEST
LEVELJUSTTYPEINAWORDORPHRASETHATDESCRIBESWHATYOUWANTTOFINDSUCHAS
ASONGTITLEORAMUSICIANSNAMEANDTHEFILESHARINGNETWORKRETURNSALISTOF
MATCHINGFILESASSHOWNIN&IGURE 
-/
/- -
,  ""



}i
3EARCHINGFORAFILECANBEASSIMPLEASTYPINGINASONGORARTISTNAME

5NFORTUNATELYIFYOUTYPEINASONGTITLEORARTISTNAMEYOURELIKELYTOGETALONG

LISTOFIRRELEVANTFILES&OREXAMPLESEARCHINGFORTHEMUSICGROUP(EARTWILLALSO
TURNUPSONGSFROMRECORDINGARTISTSLIKE"LACK(EARTAND"RAVE(EARTSONGS
WITHNAMESLIKEh"ROKEN(EARTvANDh!TOM(EART-OTHERvANDEVENVIDEOSLIKE
h7ILDAT(EARTv4OAVOIDTHISPROBLEMFILESHARINGPROGRAMSLETYOULIMITYOUR
SEARCHTOSPECIFICTYPESOFFILESSUCHASAUDIOORVIDEOASSHOWNIN&IGURE 
}i
-ANYFILESHARINGPROGRAMSLETYOUSPECIFYTHETYPEOFFILEYOUWANTTOSEARCHFORSUCHASA
PROGRAMORANAUDIOFILE 

/NCEYOUVEIDENTIFIEDTHESPECIFICFILETYPESYOUWANTAUDIOVIDEOPROGRAMS

ANDSOON YOUCANENTERMORESPECIFICINFORMATIONSUCHASTHENAMEOFTHE

4(%0%%2 4/ 0%%2&),%3(!2).'.%47/2+3
RECORDINGARTISTANDASPECIFICALBUMASSHOWNIN&IGURE 
/NCEYOURFILESHARINGPROGRAMDISPLAYSALISTOFFILESTHATMATCHYOUR
SEARCHCRITERIAYOUCHOOSETHEFILESYOUWANTANDYOURCOMPUTERSTARTSTRANS
FERRINGTHEMACROSSTHENETWORKFROMSOMESTRANGERSCOMPUTERTOYOURS
4HATSTHETHEORYANYWAY4HEREALITYISTHATYOUMAYGETCUTOFFINTHEMID
DLEOFAFILETRANSFERESPECIALLYIFTHEPERSONWHOSECOMPUTERCONTAINSTHEFILE
YOUWANTSUDDENLYTURNSTHEIRCOMPUTEROFF/THERTIMESYOUMAYGETTHEFILEYOU
WANTONLYTOFINDOUTTHATTHEFILEHASBEENMISNAMEDSOINSTEADOFSEEINGTHE
LATEST3TAR7ARSTRAILERYOUVEREALLYDOWNLOADEDAPORNOGRAPHICMOVIEINSTEAD
%VENWORSESOMETIMESTHEFILEYOUGETISEXACTLYWHATYOUWANTBUTTHESOUND
ORVIDEOQUALITYISSOPOORTHATITSPRACTICALLYUSELESS7HENDOWNLOADINGFILES
BEPREPAREDFORALOTOFFRUSTRATIONBUTIFYOUUSEACOMPUTERONAREGULARBASIS
YOUSHOULDALREADYBEUSEDTOTHAT
 -/
/- -
,  ""

}i
9OUCANNARROWYOURSEARCHCRITERIATOSPECIFICDETAILS
SUCHASTHENAMESOFRECORDINGARTISTSANDALBUMS

  /"


"ESIDESPOOR QUALITYFILESMISNAMEDFILESANDFILESTHATCONTAINONLYPARTOF

 WHATYOUREALLYWANTYOUALSOHAVETOWORRYABOUTBOGUSFILESTHATTHERECORDING
INDUSTRYPLANTSONFILESHARINGNETWORKSTOFRUSTRATEANYONEWHOUSESTHEM4O
AVOIDTHESEPROBLEMSMANYFILESHARINGNETWORKSNOWPROVIDEANOTHERWAYTO
DOWNLOADFILESHASHLINKS
&ILESHARINGNETWORKSSEVERALOFWHICHAREDISCUSSEDINh4HE$IFFERENT
&ILE3HARING.ETWORKSvSECTIONTHATFOLLOWS TENDTOSUPPORTDIFFERENTTYPESOF
HASHLINKS

EDKLINKS E$ONKEYNETWORK
TORRENTLINKS "IT4ORRENTNETWORK
3IGDATLINKS &AST4RACKNETWORK
-AGNETLINKS 'NUTELLANETWORKANDNEWERVERSIONSOF+AZAA

"ASICALLYAHASHLINKUSESAFILESCONTENTSANDSIZETOGENERATEAMATHEMATI
CALRESULTTHATUNIQUELYIDENTIFIESTHATPARTICULARFILE/NCESOMEONECALCULATES
THISMATHEMATICALVALUEFORAFILETHEYPOSTALINKTOTHEFILEONAWEBSITE7HEN
PEOPLEVISITTHATWEBPAGEANDCLICKTHEHASHLINKTHEHASHLINKLOADSUPAFILE
SHARINGPROGRAMANDSTARTSDOWNLOADINGTHEDESIREDFILE
 (ASHLINKSOFFERTWOHUGEADVANTAGESTOTHEFILESHARINGCOMMUNITY&IRST
LISTINGHASHLINKSISNTILLEGALBECAUSEWEBSITESARENTOFFERINGANYCOPYRIGHTED
INFORMATIONFORDOWNLOADINGTHEYREJUSTPROVIDINGLINKSTOCOPYRIGHTEDFILESTHAT
SOMEONEELSESCOMPUTERMAYBEHOLDING3ECONDHASHLINKSVERIFYTHATYOURE
GETTINGTHEFILEYOUREALLYWANTANDNOTSOMEMISNAMEDORDELIBERATELYALTERED
BOGUSFILEINSTEAD
-ANYWEBSITESSPECIALIZEINLISTINGHASHLINKSFORUNIQUEFILESSUCHASTHE
FOLLOWING

4HE!SIA#INEMA&ORUMHTTPWWWACFMOVIESCOM
!SIANMOVIES

)-!8MOVIESHTTPWWWIMAXMOVIESTK
)-!8FILMS

3HARE46HTTPWWWSHARETVNET
/LDEPISODESFROMTELEVISIONSHOWSLIKE3IX&EET5NDERAND-
!
3
(

3HARE-ONKEYHTTPWWWSHAREMONKEYCOM
-USICMOVIESVIDEOGAMESANDSOFTWARE

)SOHEAVENHTTPWWWISOHEAVENCOM
-OVIESTELEVISIONSHOWSANDVIDEOGAMES 

4OFINDMOREWEBSITESTHATOFFERHASHLINKSVISITONEOFTHEFOLLOWINGHASHLINK
SEARCHENGINES

4(%0%%2 4/ 0%%2&),%3(!2).'.%47/2+3
&ILE$ONKEY HTTPWWWFILEDONKEYCOM

ISO(UNT HTTPSISOHUNTCOM

7HATABIG HTTPWWWWHATABIGCOM

3OTHENEXTTIMEYOURESEARCHINGFORAFILEYOUCANSEARCHFORAPARTICULARFILE
BYNAMEORVISITAWEBSITETHATLISTSHASHLINKS"UTBEQUICKABOUTIT$ESPITETHE
LEGALhGRAYAREAvINPOSTINGHASHLINKSTHEGOVERNMENTDIDSTEPINANDSHUTDOWN
ONEOFTHEEARLIESTANDLARGESTHASHLINKWEBSITESCALLED3HARE2EACTOR$ONTBE
TOOSURPRISEDIFBYTHETIMEYOUGETTOAHASHLINKWEBSITETHEAUTHORITIESHAVE
ALREADYSHUTITDOWN
 /  , / -
,  /7",-

7HENITCOMESTOFILESHARINGTHEREARETHENETWORKSTHEMSELVESANDTHERE

ARETHEPROGRAMSTHATACTUALLYRUNONYOURCOMPUTERTHECLIENTPROGRAMS 
!FILESHARINGNETWORKISLIKEATELEVISIONNETWORKWHILEACLIENTPROGRAMISLIKE
ATELEVISIONTHATTUNESINONLYTOAPARTICULARNETWORK%ACHFILESHARINGNETWORK
HASITSOWNDEDICATEDCLIENTPROGRAMIFYOUWANTTOUSETHE&AST4RACKFILESHAR
INGNETWORKYOUNEEDTOUSETHE+AZAACLIENT4HECLIENTISWHATYOUUSETO
SEARCHFORANDDOWNLOADFILESFROMTHEFILESHARINGNETWORK
"ECAUSETHEFILESHARINGNETWORKSDONTSHAREFILESAMONGTHEMSELVES
YOURCHANCESOFFINDINGAPARTICULARFILEAREMUCHBETTERIFYOUTAPINTOONEOFTHE
-/
/- -
,  ""

LARGERNETWORKSORUSEMULTIPLECLIENTSTOTAPINTOMULTIPLENETWORKS*USTDONT
RUNTWOCLIENTPROGRAMSTHATUSETHESAMENETWORKORYOULLJUSTBESEARCH
INGTHESAMENETWORKTWICE (EREARESOMEOFTHEMOREPOPULARFILESHARING
NETWORKS

n 'NUTELLAAND'NUTELLA'

n &AST4RACK

n E$ONKEYAND/VERNET

n $IRECT#ONNECT

n -00

./4%"ECAREFULWHENCHOOSINGACLIENTPROGRAMTOTAPINTOAFILESHARINGNET
WORK-ANYCLIENTPROGRAMSAREFREEBUTCOMELOADEDWITHADWAREORSPYWARE
PROGRAMSTHATMAYBOMBARDYOUWITHPOP UPADSORTRACKYOURMOVEMENTSON
THE)NTERNET

/  1/ 

 1/ 
 /7",-

'NUTELLAEMERGEDSHORTLYAFTERTHEDEMISEOFTHEORIGINAL.APSTER.APSTERSFATAL
FLAWWASRELYINGONACENTRALSERVERTOCONNECTCOMPUTERSTOGETHERASSHOWNIN
&IGURE "YSHUTTINGDOWNTHISCENTRALSERVERTHEAUTHORITIESMANAGEDTOSHUT
DOWNTHEENTIRE.APSTERNETWORK
4OPREVENTTHISFROMHAPPENINGAGAIN'NUTELLAELIMINATEDTHECENTRAL
SERVERANDCREATEDACOMPLETELYDECENTRALIZEDNETWORKWHEREALLCOMPUTERS
ONTHENETWORKCOULDCOMMUNICATEDIRECTLYWITHEACHOTHERASSHOWNIN&IGURE
 5NLIKE.APSTEREVERYCOMPUTERONTHE'NUTELLANETWORKCANWORKINDEPEN
DENTLYSOSHUTTINGDOWNONECOMPUTERCANNEVERKILLTHEENTIRENETWORK
}i{
7HENSEARCHINGON.APSTEREVERYFILEREQUESTFIRSTHADTOGO
THROUGHACENTRALSERVERWHICHCOULDBESHUTDOWN



4(%0%%2 4/ 0%%2&),%3(!2).'.%47/2+3

}ix
7HENSEARCHINGON'NUTELLAEVERYFILEREQUESTGOESTHROUGH
EVERYCOMPUTERCONNECTEDTOTHE'NUTELLANETWORK4HIS
MAKESITIMPOSSIBLEFORTHEAUTHORITIESTOSHUTDOWNTHEENTIRE
NETWORKJUSTBYREMOVINGASINGLECOMPUTER
 'NUTELLAIMPROVEDUPON.APSTERINANOTHERWAY7HILE.APSTERALLOWEDPEOPLE
TOSHAREONLYMUSICFILESWITHEACHOTHER'NUTELLAALLOWSPEOPLETOSHAREALL
TYPESOFFILESINCLUDINGMUSICVIDEOSPICTURESANDPROGRAMS
3TRANGELYENOUGHTHE'NUTELLANETWORKOWESPARTOFITSEXISTENCETOTHE
UNWITTINGGENEROSITYOF!MERICA/NLINEWHICHPURCHASED.ULLSOFTPUBLISHERS
OFTHEPOPULAR7INAMP-0PLAYER4HEPROGRAMMERSAT.ULLSOFTEXAMINED
.APSTERSFLAWSANDCREATEDTHE'NUTELLANETWORKASANALTERNATIVEWHICHTHEY
NAMEDAFTERACOMBINATIONOF'.5AND.UTELLATHECHOCOLATE HAZELNUTSPREAD
7HEN.ULLSOFTPOSTEDTHESOURCECODETO'NUTELLAONITSWEBSITEON
-ARCH!MERICA/NLINEYANKEDTHEPROGRAMWITHINHOURSBUTMORE
THANPEOPLEHADALREADYDOWNLOADEDCOPIESANDSPREADTHEMACROSS
-/
/- -
,  ""

THE)NTERNET/THERPROGRAMMERSSTUDIEDTHEWAY'NUTELLAWORKEDANDCRE
ATEDTHEIROWNCLIENTPROGRAMSTOACCESSTHE'NUTELLANETWORK"YRELEASING
THESOURCECODETO'NUTELLA.ULLSOFTSPROGRAMMERSENSUREDTHATTHE'NUTELLA
NETWORKWOULDCONTINUETOTHRIVEANDDEVELOPWITHOUTTHENEEDFORFURTHER
INTERVENTIONANDSUPPORTFROMTHEORIGINALPROGRAMMERS!SARESULTMOREFILE
SHARINGPROGRAMSTAPINTOTHE'NUTELLANETWORKTHANANYOTHERFILESHARINGNET
WORKINTHEWORLD
'NUTELLAISONEOFTHEOLDESTLARGESTANDMOSTPOPULAROFTHEFILESHARING
NETWORKSBUTSEARCHINGITCANBESLOW7HENYOUREQUESTAFILEYOURREQUEST
GOESTHROUGHEVERYCOMPUTERCONNECTEDTOTHE'NUTELLANETWORKANDTHEYCAN
 NUMBERINTHETHOUSANDS3TILLMANYCLIENTPROGRAMSTAPINTO'NUTELLAFORITSVAST
LIBRARYOFFILESHARINGOFFERINGSSEE&IGURE  4HEFOLLOWINGARESOMEPOPULAR
'NUTELLACLIENTPROGRAMS

-ORPHEUS HTTPWWWMORPHEUSCOM
"EAR3HARE HTTPWWWBEARSHARECOM
!CQUISITION HTTPWWWACQUISITIONXCOM
,IME7IRE HTTPWWWLIMEWIRECOM
&REE7IRE HTTPWWWFREEWIREPPCOM
$EEPNET%XPLORER HTTPWWWDEEPNETEXPLORERCOM
8OLO8 HTTPWWWXOLOXNL

./4%&ORACURRENTLISTOF'NUTELLACLIENTSVISITHTTPWWWGNUTELLIUMSCOMOR
HTTPWWWGNUTELLACOMCONNECT
}i
4HE,IME7IRECLIENTISJUSTONEOFMANYCLIENTSTHATCANCONNECTTOTHE'NUTELLANETWORK

/NCE'NUTELLAHADBEENRUNNINGFORAWHILEPEOPLEBEGANTONOTICESOME 
PROBLEMS4HEMORECOMPUTERSTHATWERECONNECTEDTO'NUTELLATHESLOWER
FILESEARCHESGOTBECAUSEEVERYFILEREQUESTHADTOGOTHROUGHEACHCOMPUTER
(AVINGTOCONSTANTLYDEALWITHFILEREQUESTSFROMOTHERCOMPUTERSMEANTTHAT

4(%0%%2 4/ 0%%2&),%3(!2).'.%47/2+3
EACHCOMPUTERWASTEDMUCHOFITSTIMEPROCESSINGREQUESTS
4OIMPROVEUPON'NUTELLAAPROGRAMMERDESIGNEDANEWNETWORKBASED
ON'NUTELLABUTDUBBED'NUTELLAOR'HTTPWWWGNUTELLACOM ,IKETHE
ORIGINAL'NUTELLA'NUTELLAREMAINSOPENSOURCESOANYONECANCREATEACLI
ENTTOCONNECTTO'NUTELLA4HELATESTVERSIONOF-ORPHEUSCANNOWCONNECT
TOBOTHTHEORIGINAL'NUTELLAANDTHENEWER'NUTELLANETWORKS4HEFOLLOWING
CLIENTSCANCONNECTTOBOTH'NUTELLAAND'NUTELLA

+IWI!LPHA HTTPWWWKIWIALPHACOM

'NUCLEUS HTTPWWWGNUCLEUSCOM

3HAREAZA HTTPWWWSHAREAZACOMALSOCONNECTSTO
"IT4ORRENTANDE$ONKEY
 / 
-//,

 /7",

7HILE'NUTELLAOFFERSANOPENSOURCENETWORKTHATALLOWSANYONETOCONNECT
&AST4RACKISACLOSEDPROPRIETARYNETWORKTHATONLYALIMITEDNUMBEROFCLIENTS
CANACCESS+AZAAINVARIOUSVERSIONS I-ESHAND'ROKSTERASSHOWNIN
&IGURE 
-/
/- -
,  ""



}i
+AZAAISONEOFTHEMOSTPOPULARANDMOSTSUEDFILESHARINGPROGRAMSINTHEWORLD

!$UTCHCOMPANYCALLED+AZAA"6CREATED&AST4RACKSHORTLYBEFORETHEDEMISE

OFTHEORIGINAL.APSTER"ASEDPARTIALLYONTHEOPENSOURCE'NUTELLAPROTOCOL
&AST4RACKIMPROVESUPON'NUTELLABYSPEEDINGUPFILESEARCHING
2ATHERTHANSEARCHEVERYCOMPUTERFORAFILELIKETHE'NUTELLANETWORK
DOES&AST4RACKROUTESEVERYFILEREQUESTTHROUGH3UPERNODESSHOWNIN&IGURE
  3UPERNODESESSENTIALLYDIVIDETHELARGERNETWORKINTOSMALLERONESSO
SEARCHINGOCCURSMUCHMOREQUICKLYEACH3UPERNODEONLYHASTOSEARCHPART
OFTHENETWORK/NCEA3UPERNODEFINDSYOURFILEITCONNECTSYOUTOTHATPARTICU
LARCOMPUTERSOYOUCANDOWNLOADTHEFILE
&AST4RACKALSOINTRODUCEDTWOOTHERINNOVATIONSTHEABILITYTORESUME
INTERRUPTEDDOWNLOADSANDTHEABILITYTODOWNLOADAFILEFROMMULTIPLESOURCES
BOTHOFWHICHCANPROVEESPECIALLYUSEFULFORDOWNLOADINGMASSIVEFILESSUCH
ASFULL LENGTHMOVIES&INALLY&AST4RACKSPROTOCOLINCLUDEDENCRYPTIONWHICH
MEANTTHATIFANYONEWANTEDTOCREATEACLIENTPROGRAMTOCONNECTTO&AST4RACK
THEYHADTOPAYALICENSEFEE5PONITSRELEASE&AST4RACKQUICKLYRANAFOULOFTHE
RECORDINGINDUSTRYWHOSUCCESSFULLYSUED+AZAA"64HECOMPANYSOONSOLD
THERIGHTSTOTHE&AST4RACKNETWORKTOACOLLECTIONOFOFFSHORECOMPANIESWHERE
THEMAININVESTORWASAN!USTRALIANCOMPANYCALLED3HARMAN.ETWORKS

}in 
&AST4RACKUSES3UPERNODESWHICHDIVIDEALARGENETWORKINTO
SEVERALSMALLERONESTOSPEEDUPFILESEARCHING

4(%0%%2 4/ 0%%2&),%3(!2).'.%47/2+3
&URTHERPROBLEMSOCCURREDBETWEEN&AST4RACKSNEWOWNERS3HARMAN
.ETWORKSANDTHEFILESHARINGCLIENT-ORPHEUS7HEN-ORPHEUSREFUSEDTOPAY
THELICENSINGFEETOSTAYCONNECTEDTO&AST4RACK3HARMAN.ETWORKSREWROTETHE
ENCRYPTIONPROTOCOLEFFECTIVELYSHUTTINGOUTMILLIONSOF-ORPHEUSUSERS)NRETALI
ATION-ORPHEUSREWROTEITSCLIENTTOCONNECTTOTHE'NUTELLANETWORKINSTEAD
!STHEMOSTPOPULARFILESHARINGNETWORK&AST4RACKSPOPULARITYHASALSO
MADEITTHENUMBERONETARGETOFTHERECORDINGINDUSTRY.OTONLYDOESTHE
RECORDINGINDUSTRYPROWLAROUNDTHE&AST4RACKNETWORKREADYTOSERVESUBPOE
NASTOPEOPLESHARINGLARGENUMBERSOFFILESBUTTHEYALSOFLOODTHE&AST4RACK
NETWORKWITHBOGUSFILESTODISCOURAGEPEOPLEFROMUSING&AST4RACKATALL)FYOU
USE&AST4RACKYOUREMORELIKELYTOBESUEDBYTHERECORDINGINDUSTRYTHANIFYOU
USEALESSPOPULARFILESHARINGNETWORK
$ESPITETHESEPROBLEMSTHEGROWINGPOPULARITYOFTHE&AST4RACKNETWORK
MEANSTHATYOUCANPROBABLYFINDAFILEONTHISNETWORKTHATYOUMIGHTNOTFIND
ONANYOTHERNETWORK*USTBEAWARETHATTHEFOLLOWINGhOFFICIALv&AST4RACKCLIENTS
COMELOADEDWITHSPYWARETHATCANREPLACEYOURHOMEWEBPAGEANDBOMBARD
YOUWITHAFLURRYOFPOP UPADS
 +AZAA HTTPWWWKAZAACOM
'ROKSTER HTTPWWWGROKSTERCOM
I-ESH HTTPWWWIMESHCOM

&ORAWHILEANYONEWHOWANTEDTOCONNECTTO&AST4RACKWITHOUTGETTINGBOM
BARDEDBYPOP UPADSUSEDANUNAUTHORIZEDPROGRAMDUBBED+AZAA,ITE+AZAA
,ITEOFFEREDTHESAMEFEATURESAS+AZAABUTWITHOUTTHEINTRUSIVEADWAREAND
SPYWARE4ECHNICALLYADWAREJUSTFEEDSYOURCOMPUTERWITHACONSTANTSTREAM
OFADVERTISEMENTSWHILESPYWAREKEEPSTRACKOFWEBSITESYOUVISITANDSECRETLY
FEEDSTHISINFORMATIONTOANOTHERCOMPUTERWITHOUTYOURKNOWLEDGE
-/
/- -
,  ""

.ATURALLYTHECOPYRIGHTOWNEROF+AZAA3HARMAN.ETWORKSWASNTTOO

PLEASEDWITH+AZAA,ITEBECAUSE+AZAA,ITECOULDSTILLUSE&AST4RACKWHILE
AVOIDINGTHEADVERTISINGTHATSUPPORTSTHENETWORK3HARMAN.ETWORKSPERIODI
CALLYCHANGEDTHEENCRYPTIONMETHODNEEDEDTOCONNECTTO&AST4RACKBUTWITH
ALITTLEREPROGRAMMING+AZAA,ITEKEPTGETTINGRECONNECTEDAGAIN&OR+AZAA
WHICHMAKESITSMONEYBYALLOWINGPEOPLETOTRADECOPYRIGHTEDFILESILLEGALLY
TOTHREATEN+AZAA,ITEWITHVIOLATINGTHEIRCOPYRIGHTTOTHE&AST4RACKNETWORK
SEEMSJUSTALITTLEBITIRONIC
4OUSE+AZAAWITHOUTTHEADVERTISINGGRABACOPYOF$IET+HTTPWWW
DIETKCOM AFREEADD ONPROGRAMTHATSTRIPSAWAYTHEADVERTISINGEMBEDDEDIN
 +AZAA7HILE3HARMAN.ETWORKSCANPERIODICALLYCHANGEENCRYPTIONMETHODS
TOLOCKOUT+AZAA,ITEUSERSTHEYCANTLOCKOUTANYONEUSING$IET+BECAUSE
THEYRESTILLUSING+AZAA
4WOADDITIONALAD FREEUNAUTHORIZED&AST4RACKCLIENTSARE-AMMOTH
HTTPMAMMOTHSOURCEFORGENET ANDI-ESH,IGHTHTTPWWWIMESH LIGHTCOM 
7HILE-AMMOTHISANOPENSOURCEPROJECTI-ESH,IGHTISAVERSIONOFI-ESHBUT
WITHTHEADWARESTRIPPEDAWAY
"ECAUSE&AST4RACKREMAINSPROPRIETARYPROGRAMMERSHAVECREATEDAN
OPENSOURCEALTERNATIVEDUBBED/PEN&4HTTPGIFTSOURCEFORGENET $ESPITE
THEIRSIMILARITIES/PEN&4ISASEPARATEFILESHARINGNETWORKFROM&AST4RACKSOIF
YOUWANTTHEFEATURESOF&AST4RACKBUTWITHOUTTHEADWAREANDSPYWAREEMBED
DEDIN+AZAAYOUMIGHTWANTTORELYON/PEN&4INSTEAD

/ "  9
"6 , / /7",-

!LTHOUGH'NUTELLAAND&AST4RACKALLOWPEOPLETOSWAPANYTYPEOFFILETHEMOST
POPULARFILESAREUSUALLYMUSICFILESTHATCONTAININDIVIDUALSONGS7HILEYOUCAN
STILLFINDINDIVIDUALSONGSOVERTHEE$ONKEYOFTENABBREVIATEDASEDK
AND/VERNETNETWORKSYOUREMUCHMORELIKELYTOFINDFILESTHATCONTAINMOVIES
COMPLETEALBUMSVIDEOGAMESPIRATEDSOFTWAREAND)3/DISCIMAGESWHICH
CAPTURETHECONTENTSOFANENTIRE#$INASINGLEFILE ASSHOWNIN&IGURE 
}i
!QUICKSEARCHONTHEE$ONKEYNETWORKREVEALSPLENTYOF#$IMAGESOFPOPULAR-ICROSOFT
PROGRAMSINCLUDING/FFICE31,3ERVERAND3TREETS4RIPS


7HATMAKESBOTHE$ONKEYAND/VERNETPOPULARFORSHARINGLARGEFILESISTHEIR
ABILITYTODOWNLOADAFILEFROMMULTIPLESOURCES"YDOWNLOADINGAFILEFROMMUL
TIPLESOURCESBOTHE$ONKEYAND/VERNETENSURETHATIFONECOMPUTERWITHYOUR

4(%0%%2 4/ 0%%2&),%3(!2).'.%47/2+3
DESIREDFILEDISCONNECTSFROMTHENETWORKYOUCANSTILLDOWNLOADTHERESTOFTHAT
SAMEFILERIGHTAWAYFROMANOTHERCOMPUTER
4OAVOIDTHECONFUSIONCAUSEDBYSIMILARLYNAMEDFILESBOTHNETWORKS
EXAMINETHECONTENTSANDSIZEOFEACHFILEANDCREATEAUNIQUECALCULATION
KNOWNASAHASHCHECKSUM4HISCHECKSUMHELPSIDENTIFYIDENTICALFILESTHAT
MAYAPPEARONTHENETWORKUNDERDIFFERENTFILENAMES4HATWAYYOUWONTWASTE
TIMEDOWNLOADINGAMOVIELIKE4HE-ATRIXONLYTOFINDOUTTHATITSREALLYAMIS
NAMEDFILEOFANOTHERMOVIECALLED4HREAT-ATRIX
4OIMPROVETHESHARINGOFLARGEFILESBOTHE$ONKEYAND/VERNETALLOWYOU
TOSTARTSHARINGAFILEBEFOREYOUVECOMPLETELYDOWNLOADEDIT3OIFYOUREDOWN
LOADINGA-"FILEYOUCANSTARTSHARINGITASSOONASYOURECEIVEJUSTPART
OFTHATFILE!NYONECOPYINGTHATFILEOFFYOURCOMPUTERMAYRECEIVETHEIRFILEAT
NEARLYTHESAMETIMETHATYOUDOWITHOUTHAVINGTOWAITUNTILYOUDOWNLOADTHE
COMPLETEFILEFIRST
$ESPITETHEIRDIFFERENTNAMESTHESAMEPEOPLEDESIGNEDBOTHTHEE$ON
KEYAND/VERNETNETWORKS4HEMAINDIFFERENCEISTHATE$ONKEYRELIESONA
CENTRALSERVERMUCHLIKETHEORIGINAL.APSTERDID WHILE/VERNETDOESNOT
 /VERNETCANCONNECTTOBOTHTHE/VERNETANDE$ONKEYNETWORKS(OWEVERWITH
E$ONKEYSGROWINGPOPULARITY/VERNETSTECHNOLOGYISGRADUALLYBEINGPHASED
INTOE$ONKEY
(EREARESOMEPOPULARCLIENTPROGRAMSFORACCESSINGTHEE$ONKEY
NETWORK

/NE-8 HTTPWWWONEMXCOM

E-ULE HTTPWWWEMULE PROJECTNET

E$ONKEY HTTPWWWEDONKEYCOM
-/
/- -
,  ""

4OACCESSTHE/VERNETNETWORKJUSTUSETHEOFFICIAL/VERNETCLIENTPROGRAM
HTTPWWWOVERNETCOM 

/ ,
/
"
/ /7",

5NLIKETHE'NUTELLAAND&AST4RACKNETWORKSTHE$IRECT#ONNECTNETWORKIS
MOREOFALOOSECOLLECTIONOFCENTRALSERVERSTHANASINGLEUNIFIEDNETWORK
)NSTEADOFSHARINGFILESAMONGTHEMSELVESEACHSERVERONLYSHARESFILESWITH
PEOPLEWHOCONNECTDIRECTLYTOTHATPARTICULARSERVERHENCETHENETWORKS
NAME &IGURE SHOWSALISTOFSERVERSASSEENWITHINTHE$#CLIENT


}i
"EFOREYOUCANSHAREFILESOVERTHE$IRECT#ONNECTNETWORKYOUMUSTFINDASERVERTHATWILL
GRANTYOUACCESSTOTHENETWORK
 %ACH$IRECT#ONNECTSERVERRUNSMORELIKEAPRIVATECLUBHOUSETHATSETS
ITSOWNRULESFORWHOCANGETACCESSANDWHATTRADINGRATIOYOUNEEDTOMEET
BEFOREYOUREALLOWEDTODOWNLOADANYTHING4YPICALLYMOST$IRECT#ONNECTSERV
ERSWONTGRANTYOUACCESSUNLESSYOUAGREETOSHAREAMINIMUMVOLUMEOF
FILESSUCHAS'"OR'"3OBEFOREYOUCANCONNECTTOA$IRECT#ONNECT
SERVERANDSTARTSHARINGFILESYOUMUSTHAVEALIBRARYOFFILESTOSHARE
"YALLOWINGANYONETOCREATETHEIROWNSERVER$IRECT#ONNECTGIVESUSERS
THECHANCETOSPECIALIZEINCERTAINTYPESOFFILESSUCHASJAZZ-0FILESORBLACK
AND WHITESILENTFULL LENGTHMOVIES/NCEYOUFINDAFAVORITESERVERTHATPROVIDES
THETYPEOFFILESYOUWANT$IRECT#ONNECTCANBEMUCHEASIERTOUSETHANOTHER
TYPESOFNETWORKS!SANOVICETO$IRECT#ONNECTTHOUGHYOULLHAVETOSPEND
SOMETIMEBROWSINGTHROUGHDIFFERENTSERVERSUNTILYOUFINDTHEONESTHATYOULIKE
BEST0LUSYOULLNEEDTOAMASSACOLLECTIONOFFILESTOSHAREJUSTTOGETACCESSTO
ANY$IRECT#ONNECTSERVER
4HREEPROGRAMSFORCONNECTINGTOTHE$IRECT#ONNECTNETWORKINCLUDE

$IRECT#ONNECT HTTPWWWNEO MODUSCOM

$# HTTPDCPLUSPLUSSOURCEFORGENET

$#'UI HTTPDCGUIBERLIOSDE



/ ** /7",

4(%0%%2 4/ 0%%2&),%3(!2).'.%47/2+3
7HILEOTHERNETWORKSOFFERVIDEOPROGRAMANDGRAPHICFILESTHE-ANOLITO00
-00 NETWORKORIGINALLYFOCUSEDONNOTHINGBUT-0MUSICFILES)FALLYOU
WANTTOFINDISMUSICTHENYOULLFINDTHE-ANOLITONETWORKISATREASURETROVE
FORFINDINGRAREANDBOOTLEGMUSICTHATYOUPROBABLYWONTFINDANYWHEREELSE
!LTHOUGHPEOPLEHAVERECENTLYSTARTEDSHARINGOTHERTYPESOFFILESBESIDESMUSIC
OVERTHISNETWORK-0MUSICFILESSTILLDOMINATETHEFILEOFFERINGS
7HILEMOSTFILESHARINGNETWORKSHAVEONLYONEOFFICIALCLIENTPROGRAM
THE-00NETWORKACTUALLYHASTHREEOFFICIALCLIENTSALTHOUGH0IOLETSHOWNIN
&IGURE  DOESNTCOMEBOGGEDDOWNWITHADWARELIKETHEOTHERTWOCLIENTS
"LUBSTERAND2OCKITNET

"LUBSTER HTTPWWWBLUBSTERCOM

0IOLET HTTPWWWPIOLETCOM

2OCKITNET HTTPWWWROCKITNETCOM
 -/
/- -
,  ""

}i
0IOLETISADVERTISER SUPPORTEDBUTTHEADSONLYAPPEARINABANNERWITHINTHEPROGRAMTHEYRE
NOTEMBEDDEDINHARD TO REMOVEADWARE


/"
 -
, 
/1, -

7ITHSOMANYDIFFERENTCLIENTPROGRAMSAVAILABLETOTAPINTOTHESAMEFILESHAR
INGNETWORKSEACHCLIENTPROGRAMMAYOFFERDIFFERENTFEATURESTOENTICEPEOPLE
TOUSETHEIRPROGRAMINSTEAD3OMECLIENTPROGRAMSCLAIMFASTERSEARCHINGAND
DOWNLOADING/THERSINCLUDEABUILT INMEDIAPLAYERSOYOUCANPLAYYOURDOWN
LOADEDFILESIMMEDIATELYWITHOUTHAVINGTOLOADASEPARATEMEDIAPLAYERSUCHAS
I4UNESOR7INDOWS-EDIA0LAYER
/THERCLIENTPROGRAMSOFFERPARENTALCONTROLSTOLIMITYOURKIDSFROMSEARCH
INGFORSPECIFICWORDSANDFINDINGCERTAINTYPESOFFILESTODOWNLOADSUCHAS
PORNOGRAPHY FILESHREDDERSTODESTROYALLTRACESOFADOWNLOADEDFILEAFTERYOU
DELETEITTOPREVENTTHEAUTHORITIESFROMEXAMININGYOURHARDDISKTOSEEWHAT
COPYRIGHTEDFILESYOUMIGHTHAVECOPIEDINTHEPAST ANDPROXYSERVERACCESS
SOYOUCANCONNECTTOAFILESHARINGNETWORKTHROUGHANOTHERCOMPUTERCALLEDA
PROXY TOHELPMASKYOUR)0ADDRESS
3OMEOTHERPOPULARFEATURESTOLOOKFORINACLIENTPROGRAMINCLUDETHE
ABSENCEOFADWAREANDSPYWARETHEABILITYTOACCESSMULTIPLEFILESHARINGNET
WORKSANDANONYMITYWHILEYOUARECONNECTEDTOAFILESHARINGNETWORK

7
, 6-, 7
,

#REATORSOFFILESHARINGNETWORKSHAVEADILEMMA/NTHEONEHANDTHEYWANT
TOGIVETHEIRCLIENTPROGRAMSAWAYFORFREETOENCOURAGEASMANYPEOPLEASPOS
SIBLETOUSEITANDJOIN/NTHEOTHERHANDTHEYALSONEEDTOFINDAWAYTOMAKE
APROFIT3OTOCOMPENSATEFORGIVINGAWAYSOFTWAREFORFREEMANYCOMPANIES
CREATECLIENTPROGRAMSTHATINCLUDEADWAREALSOKNOWNBYTHEMOREINSIDIOUS
NAMESPYWARE
4HEIDEAISTHATWHENYOUINSTALLAFREEPROGRAMSUCHASAFILESHARING
CLIENTPROGRAMYOUALSOAGREETOINSTALLTHECOMPANIONADWAREORSPYWAREPRO
GRAMS"YSELLINGADVERTISINGSOFTWARECOMPANIESCANCONTINUETOGIVEAWAY
THEIRCLIENTPROGRAMSFORFREEANDSTILLMAKEMONEY/NCEYOUINSTALLADWARE
SPYWAREONYOURCOMPUTERYOUMAYSUDDENLYNOTICEPOP UPADSSPRINGINGUP
ONYOURSCREENWHETHERYOUREUSINGTHEFILESHARINGNETWORKORNOT
4OHELPYOUDETERMINEWHETHERAPARTICULARCLIENTPROGRAMCOMESEMBED
DEDWITHADWAREORSPYWAREVISIT3PYWARE)NFOHTTPWWWSPYWAREINFO
COMARTICLESPP "EFOREINSTALLINGACLIENTPROGRAMBROWSEITSWEBSITETOSEE
IFITREVEALSWHETHERITSFREEWAREORADVERTISEMENT SPONSORED9OUCANOFTEN
DETECTADWARESPYWAREINACLIENTPROGRAMDURINGTHEINSTALLATIONPROGRAM
BECAUSEASCREENWILLPOPUPANDASKIFYOUAGREETOINSTALLANDRUNAPROGRAM
TODISPLAYADSASSHOWNIN&IGURE 


4(%0%%2 4/ 0%%2&),%3(!2).'.%47/2+3

}i
)FASCREENPOPSUPANDASKSIFYOUWANTTOINSTALLADDITIONALSOFTWARE
BESIDESACLIENTPROGRAMFORANETWORKCHANCESAREGOODTHATYOULLBE
INSTALLINGADWARESPYWARE
 -OSTPEOPLEACCEPTADWARESPYWAREASTHEPRICETHEYNEEDTOPAYFORUSINGA
PARTICULARFILESHARINGNETWORKBUTNOWTHATYOUKNOWYOUCANFINDFREECLIENT
PROGRAMSWITHOUTADWARESPYWAREYOUSHOULDUSETHOSEALTERNATIVESINSTEAD
UNLESSYOUENJOYGETTINGBOMBARDEDWITHPOP UPADSWHENEVERYOUUSEYOUR
COMPUTER

1/ /7",

--

-OSTCLIENTPROGRAMSCANCONNECTTOONLYONEFILESHARINGNETWORKSOIFYOU
CANTFINDAPARTICULARFILEONONEFILESHARINGNETWORKYOUOFTENHAVETORUNA
SECONDORATHIRDCLIENTPROGRAMTOACCESSADIFFERENTNETWORK4OAVOIDTHIS
-/
/- -
,  ""

INCONVENIENCEAHANDFULOFCLIENTPROGRAMSOFFERTHEABILITYTOACCESSMULTIPLE
FILESHARINGNETWORKSASSHOWNIN&IGURE 4HISMEANSYOUCANUSEASINGLE
CLIENTPROGRAMTOSEARCHFORAFILENOMATTERWHICHFILESHARINGNETWORKITMAYBE
STOREDON



}i
0ROGRAMSLIKE3HAREAZACANCONNECTTOMULTIPLEFILESHARINGNETWORKS
SUCHAS'NUTELLAANDE$ONKEY
(EREARESOMEPOPULARMULTINETWORKCLIENTPROGRAMS

-,DONKEYHTTPWWWNONGNUORGMLDONKEY !CCESSES'NUTELLA
'NUTELLA/PEN.AP&AST4RACK/VERNETAND$IRECT#ONNECT

GI&4HTTPSOURCEFORGENETPROJECTSGIFT !CCESSES&AST4RACK
/PEN&4AND'NUTELLA
0OISONEDHTTPGOTTSILLANET !CCESSES'NUTELLA&AST4RACKAND
/PEN&4

I3WIPEHTTPWWWHILLMANMINXNETISWIPE !CCESSES'NUTELLA
&AST4RACK/PEN.APAND/PEN&4

3HAREAZAHTTPWWWSHAREAZACOM !CCESSES'NUTELLA'NUTELLA

E$ONKEYAND"IT4ORRENT

/NEPROBLEMWITHMULTINETWORKCLIENTPROGRAMSISTHATTHEYMAYNOTOFFERALLTHE
FEATURESTHATACLIENTPROGRAMTHATISSPECIFICALLYDESIGNEDFORONEFILESHARING
NETWORKMIGHTOFFER7HILENOTASWELLKNOWNASDEDICATEDCLIENTPROGRAMSLIKE
+AZAAOR-ORPHEUSMULTINETWORKCLIENTPROGRAMSPROBABLYREPRESENTTHEFUTURE
OFFILESHARINGCLIENTSGIVENTHEIRREACHACROSSMULTIPLENETWORKSWHICHGREATLY
INCREASESTHECHANCETHATYOULLFINDTHEFILEYOUWANT


" 9/9

,9*/"

4(%0%%2 4/ 0%%2&),%3(!2).'.%47/2+3
&ILESHARINGBYITSELFISNTILLEGALITSWHATPEOPLETRADETHATCOULDBEILLEGAL
7ITHTHERECORDINGINDUSTRYANDGOVERNMENTAUTHORITIESCRACKINGDOWNON
PEOPLETRADINGCOPYRIGHTEDFILESMANYCLIENTPROGRAMSOFFERSPECIALANONYM
ITYANDENCRYPTIONFEATURESTOMASKYOUR)0ADDRESSSONOBODYCANTRACEYOU
4OENSUREANONYMITYTHESEMORESPECIALIZEDCLIENTPROGRAMSRELYONTHEIR
OWNFILESHARINGNETWORKSWHICHMEANSTHATTHEYARENTASPOPULARSOTHE
FILESELECTIONISNTASGREATASTHEOLDERMOREESTABLISHEDNETWORKSSUCHAS
&AST4RACKOR'NUTELLA
&ILETOPIAHTTPWWWFILETOPIAORG %ARTH3TATIONHTTPWWWESCOM 
AND-NETHTTPMNETSOURCEFORGENET RELYONENCRYPTIONTOKEEPOTHERSFROM
DETECTINGWHATTYPESOFFILESYOUMAYBETRADINGASSHOWNIN&IGURE 
%NCRYPTIONCANMASKEITHERYOUR)0ADDRESSORTHETYPEOFFILESYOURESHARING
*USTREMEMBERTHATTHEREISNOSUCHTHINGASTRUEANONYMITYOVERTHE)NTERNET
ENCRYPTIONMAKESUSERSMOREDIFFICULTTOIDENTIFYBUTNOTIMPOSSIBLE
 -/
/- -
,  ""

}i{
!PROGRAMLIKE&ILETOPIAOFFERSDIFFERENTWAYSTOENCRYPT
YOURINFORMATIONFROMPRYINGEYES



-*

<  -
,  /7",-
)NTHECOMPUTERWORLDNOTHINGSTAYSTHESAMEFORLONGANDPEER TO PEERTECH
NOLOGYISNODIFFERENT!LTHOUGH&AST4RACKAND'NUTELLAMAYBETWOPOPULARFILE
SHARINGNETWORKSRIGHTNOWTHERESNOGUARANTEETHATANOTHERFILESHARINGNET
WORKWONTSUDDENLYSURGEINPOPULARITYANDPUSHMOREESTABLISHEDFILESHARING
NETWORKSINTOTHEBACKGROUND3OIFYOURETHEADVENTUROUSTYPEWHOWANTSTO
EXPLORESOMEOFTHESMALLERANDNEWERFILESHARINGNETWORKSTAKESOMETIMETO
EXPERIMENTWITHTHEFILESHARINGNETWORKSLISTEDINTHISSECTION

1*

"  -
,  /7",-

&ORANALTERNATIVEFILESHARINGNETWORKTAKEAPEEKAT3OULSEEKHTTPWWW
SLSKNETORG WHICHSPECIALIZESINSHARINGCOMPLETEMUSICALBUMS3OULSEEK
ISCOMPLETELYFREEANDITDOESNTSECRETLYINSTALLADWAREONYOURCOMPUTER4O
MAKEMONEYTHEPUBLISHERSOF3OULSEEKOFFERAUNIQUEINCENTIVETHEMORE
MONEYYOUDONATETHECLOSERYOUGETTOTHEFRONTOFTHELINEWHENWAITINGTO
DOWNLOADFILES
 "IT4ORRENTHTTPBITCONJURERORGBITTORRENT SPECIALIZESINDISTRIBUTINGLARGE
FILESSUCHASFULL LENGTHMOVIESTOMULTIPLEPEOPLE,IKEANORDINARYFILESHARING
NETWORK"IT4ORRENTALLOWSSOMEONETOPOSTALARGEFILEFORMANYDIFFERENTPEOPLE
TODOWNLOAD4OSPEEDUPTHEDOWNLOADINGPROCESSWHENMULTIPLEUSERSDOWN
LOADTHESAMEFILE"IT4ORRENTGIVESEACHUSERADIFFERENTPARTOFTHEFILE/NCE
EVERYONEHASDOWNLOADEDADIFFERENTPARTOFTHESAMEFILE"IT4ORRENTREDIRECTS
THEMTODOWNLOADTHEOTHERPARTSOFTHEFILEFROMOTHERUSERS"YSPREADINGTHE
FILESHARINGPROCESSAMONGMULTIPLEUSERSEVERYONECANDOWNLOADASINGLE
LARGEFILEQUICKLYWITHLESSRISKOFGETTINGCUTOFFBEFORETHEYCANDOWNLOADTHE
ENTIREFILEFROMASINGLECOMPUTER
!NOTHERPROGRAMMERCREATED-54%HTTPMUTE NETSOURCEFORGENET
AFTERWATCHINGHOWANTSSCATTERANDREGROUPWHENDISTURBEDYETALWAYSMAN
AGETOREACHTHEIRFINALDESTINATION-54%APPLIESTHESAMETHEORYAS"IT4ORRENT
TOFILESHARING)NSTEADOFDIRECTLYLINKINGTWOCOMPUTERSTOSWAPFILESTHE-54%
NETWORKROUTESPIECESOFTHEFILESTHROUGHSEVERALCOMPUTERSBEFORETHEYREACH
THEIRDESTINATION-54%WORKSMUCHLIKESPREADINGAMESSAGETHROUGHA
CROWDEDROOMIFYOUGIVETHEMESSAGETOSEVENPEOPLEANDTHEYSPREADTHE
MESSAGETOSEVENMOREANDSOONTHEMESSAGEEVENTUALLYREACHESTHERIGHT
PERSON
)NORDERFORTHERECORDINGINDUSTRYTOKEEPTRACKOFWHOSSENDINGAND
RECEIVINGWHATFILETHEYWOULDHAVETOMONITOREVERYSINGLECOMPUTERONTHE
-54%NETWORKCAREFULLYTRACINGEACHPIECEOFTHEFILEASITMOVESFROMCOM 
PUTERTOCOMPUTERBEFOREREACHINGITSFINALDESTINATION-54%REMAINSOPTIMIZED
FORSMALLERNETWORKSTOPRESERVESPEEDBUTITSHOWSHOWPROGRAMMERSARE
APPLYINGMORESOPHISTICATEDCONSTRUCTIONTECHNIQUESTOPRESERVEUSERPRIVACY

4(%0%%2 4/ 0%%2&),%3(!2).'.%47/2+3
3OMETIMESACLIENTPROGRAMSTARTSOUTONANESTABLISHEDNETWORKBUT
THENDECIDESTOBREAKAWAYTOFORMITSOWNPRIVATENETWORKINSTEADWHETHER
FORPOLITICALORTECHNICALREASONS7IN-8HTTPWWWWINMXCOM ORIGINALLY
CONNECTEDTOTHE/PEN.APNETWORKWHICHWASANOPENSOURCEVERSIONOFTHE
ORIGINAL.APSTERNETWORK7HENTHERECORDINGINDUSTRYSTARTEDSHUTTINGDOWN
/PEN.AP7IN-8SLIPPEDAWAYFORMEDITSOWNNETWORKANDCONTINUESTOTHRIVE
TOTHISDAY
!RESHTTPWWWARESGALAXYORG ORIGINALLYCONNECTEDTOTHE'NUTELLA
NETWORKANDTHENREALIZEDTHAT'NUTELLASTECHNICALLIMITATIONSWOULDALSOLIMIT
THEFUTUREOF!RESSO!RESBROKEAWAYANDCREATEDITSOWNNETWORKTOO3OME
UNIQUEFEATURESTHAT!RESOFFERSINCLUDETHEABILITYTODEALWITHINTERRUPTEDFILE
DOWNLOADS!RESJUSTSTARTSDOWNLOADINGTHEMISSINGPARTSOFAFILERATHERTHAN
FORCINGYOUTODOWNLOADTHEWHOLETHINGOVERAGAIN ANDMULTISOURCEDOWNLOADS
SOYOUCANDOWNLOADTHEFILEYOUWANTASQUICKLYASPOSSIBLE 
 1 9"1,"7 /7",

7HETHERYOUUSEANOLDORANEWFILESHARINGNETWORKTHERESALWAYSTHEDANGER
THATGOVERNMENTAUTHORITIESMAYBESECRETLYMONITORINGYOURACTIVITIES7HILEA
HANDFULOFFILESHARINGNETWORKSUSEENCRYPTIONTOHIDETHETYPESOFFILESYOUVE
SHAREDANDPROXYSERVERSTOMASKYOUR)0ADDRESSNOTHINGISFOOLPROOF3O
RATHERTHANRISKTRADINGFILESAMONGANYOFTHESEPUBLICFILESHARINGNETWORKS
WHYNOTSTARTAPRIVATEFILESHARINGNETWORKINSTEAD
7ITHAPRIVATEFILESHARINGNETWORKYOUCANCONTROLWHOCANJOINANDWHO
CANTSOYOUCANSWAPFILESOFANYTYPEWITHINYOURTRUSTEDCIRCLEOFFRIENDSAND
COWORKERSWITHOUTANYPOSSIBLESNOOPINGBYGOVERNMENTAUTHORITIESORRECORD
-/
/- -
,  ""

INGINDUSTRYINFILTRATORS 
)FYOUALREADYCHATWITHFRIENDSTHROUGH)#1YOUCANUSEAPROGRAMLIKE
)#1&ILE3HAREHTTPWWWNPSSOFTWARECOM TOSWAPFILESWITHYOUR)#1CHAT
BUDDIES)FYOUDONTUSE)#1TRYONEOFTHESEINSTEAD

"IG3PEED HTTPWWWBIGSPEEDNET
!IMINI HTTPWWWAIMINICOM
(OT00 HTTPPLAYAPPCOMHOTPP

 0ERHAPSTHEMOSTINTRIGUINGPRIVATEFILESHARINGNETWORKISONECREATEDBY
.ULLSOFTTHECOMPANYTHATCREATEDTHE'NUTELLAFILESHARINGNETWORK*USTLIKE
THEYDIDWHENTHEYRELEASED'NUTELLAOVERTHE)NTERNET.ULLSOFTONCEAGAIN
MANAGEDTOIRKITSPARENTCOMPANY!MERICA/NLINEWHENITPOSTEDAPROGRAM
DUBBED7!34%HTTPGRAZZYMJOELKBARNETWASTEMIRROR WHICHALLOWSUSERSTO
SETUPPRIVATEFILESHARINGNETWORKSWITHENCRYPTEDFILETRANSFERS.AMEDAFTERAN
UNDERGROUNDPOSTALSYSTEMINTHE4HOMAS0YNCHONNOVEL4HE#RYINGOF,OT
7!34%COMBINEDPRIVATEFILESHARINGNETWORKSWITHENCRYPTION4HISCOMBINA
TIONPRETTYMUCHENSUREDTHATEVENGOVERNMENTAUTHORITIESCOULDNTSNOOPONA
7!34%NETWORKWITHOUTAGREATDEALOFDIFFICULTYINLOCATINGTHENETWORKINTHE
FIRSTPLACEANDTHENCRACKINGTHEENCRYPTIONONCETHEYFOUNDTHENETWORK
.OTSURPRISINGLY!MERICA/NLINEQUICKLYYANKED7!34%OFF.ULLSOFTS
WEBSITEBUTOTHERPROGRAMMERSHADALREADYTAKENTHE7!34%SOURCECODEAND
ARELIKELYTOCREATEALTERNATIVESANDVARIATIONS.OWIFYOUVISIT.ULLSOFTSWEBSITE
YOULLSEETHEFOLLOWINGDIREWARNING

./4)#%/&5.!54(/2):%$3/&47!2%
!NUNAUTHORIZEDCOPYOF.ULLSOFTSCOPYRIGHTEDSOFTWARE
WASBRIEFLYPOSTEDONTHISWEBSITEONORABOUT7EDNESDAY
-AY4HESOFTWAREWASIDENTIFIEDASh7!34%vTHE
 h3OFTWAREv ANDINCLUDESTHEFILEShWASTE SETUPEXEvhWASTE
SOURCEZIPvhWASTE SOURCETARGZvANDANYADDITIONALFILES
CONTAINEDINTHESEFILES
.ULLSOFTISTHEEXCLUSIVEOWNEROFALLRIGHTTITLEANDINTERESTIN
THE3OFTWARE4HEPOSTINGOFTHE3OFTWAREONTHISWEBSITEWAS
NOTAUTHORIZEDBY.ULLSOFT
)FYOUDOWNLOADEDOROTHERWISEOBTAINEDACOPYOFTHE
3OFTWAREYOUACQUIREDNOLAWFULRIGHTSTOTHE3OFTWAREAND
MUSTDESTROYANYANDALLCOPIESOFTHE3OFTWAREINCLUDING
BYDELETINGITFROMYOURCOMPUTER!NYLICENSETHATYOUMAY
BELIEVEYOUACQUIREDWITHTHE3OFTWAREISVOIDREVOKEDAND
TERMINATED
!NYREPRODUCTIONDISTRIBUTIONDISPLAYOROTHERUSEOFTHE
3OFTWAREBYYOUISUNAUTHORIZEDANDANINFRINGEMENTOF
.ULLSOFTSCOPYRIGHTINTHE3OFTWAREASWELLASAPOTENTIALVIOLA
TIONOFOTHERLAWS
4HANKYOU
.ULLSOFT

!LTHOUGHYOUCANFINDPLENTYOFFILESONWEBSITES&40SITESANDNEWSGROUPS
MOSTPEOPLEARELIKELYTOFINDFILESHARINGNETWORKSEASIERANDFASTERTOUSE4O
MAXIMIZEYOURCHANCESOFFINDINGAPARTICULARFILECONNECTTOTHEMOREPOPU
LARFILESHARINGNETWORKSALONGWITHSOMEOFTHESMALLERLESSPOPULARONESAS

4(%0%%2 4/ 0%%2&),%3(!2).'.%47/2+3
WELL#HANCESAREGOODTHATTHENEXTTIMEYOUWANTTOFINDACERTAINFILEONTHE
)NTERNETTHEFIRSTPLACEYOULLLOOKWILLBETHROUGHAFILESHARINGNETWORK