ESTIMATIVE OF WATER SATURATION IN SHALY SAND

RESERVOIRS USING WELL LOG AND EMPIRICAL MODELS

Abstract:
Water saturation is the water fraction contained in pore volume of rock; fluid saturation
knowledge performs a substantial parameter to estimate the volume hydrocarbon in place,
therefore the volume of recoverable oil evaluation. In addition, sedimentary formations have
been studied by geophysical methods aiming evaluate and reduce the risk in the oil and gas
operation production.
Electrical geophisycal well measurements in well logging are based the contrast between
conductive formation water and insulating hydrocarbons. The electric al logs were introduced
by Schlumberger brothers in 1927 in Pelchebronn Field, when they recorded the electrical
resistivity of formation meter by meter, but a quantitative relation between formation
porosity and water formation and system resistivities was proposed by Archie in 1941 for
clean sandstones.
The reason for that is simple, many shortcomings occur on it application, irregular formations
resistivities give wrong saturation evaluating.
Clays and shale presence, besides the flow damages, ordinary affect in a lower formation
resistivity log, resulting in a overestimated water saturation, hence a oil-bearing zone can be
interpreted as a water-bearing (Tiab & Donaldson, 2012). Due to this, more accurate
empirical water saturations models has been developed adding as parallel conductors
components other than formation water, like clay-forming minerals, resulting in equations
that maintain the arch concept and modifying empirically Archies equation according
laboratory investigations and field experience.
The subject of this paper is to analyze the suitability of different water saturation models in
turbiditic reservoirs of Campos Basin. The most common models used in oil business are
listed bellow:
Archie (1941), developed analyzing linearity between formation resistivity factor and
porosity in clean formations
Simandoux (1963), based on studies in artificial composed materials, is the positive
root of a quadratic equation developed by Poupon & Loy, 1954
Indonesia (Poupon & Levaux, 1971), based on shale freshwater field experience
Nigeria (Al-Waheed & Ruwaili, 2005), Indonesia modified equation based on field
experience
In the missing of laboratorial analysis for cationic capacity exchange per volume unity (Qv ),
Juhasz (1981) proposed method for normalized Q v , depending on shale and formation
porosities, will be tried to.
Between the variables that may be used in this analyses developing, there are:
Formation water resistivity that will be determined by Archies model in a previously
known water-bearing well sec tion or with Apparent Resistivity method
Porosity, determined with Density & Neutron method
Shale volume, determined by a Larionov (1969) relation for Quaternary sedimentary
formations
Shale resistivity, determined, according Schn (2011), by de record in resistivity log
of adjacent shale bed identified in a log track containing density and neutron logs
Justifying the need of a detailed choice of a model, the saturation response behavior is
introduced in a graphic in function of measured formation resistivity, is clear its
inconformity, therefore, this works propose is identify the most proper model.
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Graphic 1: Water Saturation estimated with synthet ic data by A rchie, Nigeria, Indonesia and Simandoux models with
18% porosity and 20% and 50% shale volume, respectively, in f irst line. In second line, 10% porosity with de same
shale volumes, respectively

To sum up, this study aims to identify which is the most appropriate saturation water
estimating method analyzed for a clastic oil-bearing reservoir using some ANP (National
Petroleum Agency) free wells logs processed and analytical software.

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