SOCIAL DIMENSION
Module 1- Metacognition John Flavell
Metacognition- thinking about thinking or learning how
to learn
a. Metacognition and Development
a.1. teaching strategies
b. Metacognition Knowledge variables
b.1. person variables- how human beings learn
and process information
b.2. task variables- knowledge about the nature
of the tasks
b.3. strategy variables- awareness of the
strategy
c. Application of metacognition leads one to be an
expert learner
c.1. characteristics of expert learners
d. Learners who do not use metacognition remain
to be novice learners
d.1. characteristics of novice learners
Fang and Cox- metacognition awareness was evident as
early as 8 years old.
Teaching strategies:
TQLR- tune in, question, listen, remember
PQ4R- Preview, Question, Read, Recite, Review, Reflect
Module 2- Learner-Centered Psychological Principles
(LCP)
-American Psychological Association
COGNITIVE AND METACOGNITIVE FACTORS
1. Nature of the learning process
2. Goals of learning process
3. Construction of knowledge
4. Strategic thinking
5. Thinking about thinking
6. Content of learning
MOTIVATIONAL AND AFFECTIVE FACTORS
7. Motivational and emotional influences on
learning
8. Intrinsic motivation to learn
9. Effects of motivation on effect
DEVELOPMENTAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS
10. Developmental influences on learning
11. Social influences on learning
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES FACTORS
12. Individual differences in learning
13. Learning and diversity
14. Standards and assessment
SUMMARY OF THE 14 PRINCIPLES- alexander and
murphy
1. The knowledge base- existing knowledge
2. Strategic process and control- develop skills to
reflect
3. Motivation and effect- intrinsic motivation
4. Development and individual differences- unique
combination of genetic and environmental
influences
5. Situation or context
Module 3- Theories Related to the Learners
Development
*Sigmund Freud*
The mind is like an iceberg, it floats with one seventh
of its bulk about subconscious mind
3 Components Of Personality
1. Id- pleasure centered
2. Ego- reality centered
3. Superego- ego ideal or conscience
5 Psychosexual Stages Of Development- oral, anal,
phallic, latency, and genital
*Erik Erikson*
Healthy children will not fear life if their elders have
integrity enough not to fear death
8 Psycho-social stages of development
*Jean Piaget*
The principal goal of education in the schools should be
creating men and women who are capable of doing new
things, not simply repeating what other generations have
done
4 Stages of Cognitive Development
1. sensory-motor
2. Pre-operational
3. Concrete-operational
4. Formal operational stages
*Lawrence Kohlberg* NEOBEHAVIORISM

Right actions tend to be defined in terms of general -behaviorism reaches out to cognitive perspective
individual rights and standards that have been critically
-Edward Tolmans Purposive Behaviorism
examined and agreed upon by the whole society
-Albert Bancuras Social Learning Theory
3 Levels of Moral Development

1. Pre-conventional
2. Conventional
3. Post-conventional

*Lev Vygotsky*

The teacher must orient his work not on yesterdays

development in the child but on tomorrows.

Scaffolding- helps learner to acquire skill

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

*Urie Bronfenbrenne*

We as a nation need to be reeducated about the

necessary and sufficient conditions for making human
beings human. We need to be reeducated not as
parents--but as workers, neighbors, and friends; and as
members of the organizations, committees, boards--
and, especially, the informal networks that control our
social institutions and thereby determine the conditions
of life for our families and their children.

Bioecological Systems Theory- child development

relationship to environment

BEHAVIORIST PERSPECTIVE

Ivan Pavlov

-Classical Conditioning (meat, dog, bell)

Edward Thorndike

-Connectionism Theory (S-R theory)- stimuli and

response

John Watson

-experiment on Albert classical conditioning

Burrhus Frederick Skinner

-Operant Conditioning- voluntary behaviors used in

oprating on the environment

-Reinforcement (positive and negative), punishment