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Machine_Parts_Index
Power screw Page
Introduction
This page includes notes, figures and equations relevant to calculating the torque required to operate powers screws when used as lifting or moving machines.
Notation
Note: These notes have been based on W being a vertical force i.e a wieght is being lifted or lowered . As an example a 1000kg mass would result in a vertical
load of 1000.g = 9810 N. . The equations are equally valid if the Force (W) is simply an axial force along the screw axis
Consider a Force F applied at a mean radius rm which causes the load to be raised. The nut is turning the screw is prevented from turning.
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The sketch above identifies the reactive forces acting at point O on the screw thread surface.
The reactive force Fn acting normal to the surface has the following components in the plane of interest ABDO.
The sketch below illustrates the horizontal and vertical forces acting at a representative point at a radius r m in the plane normal to the radius.
For equilibrium the sum of all vertical forces = 0 and the sum of all horizontal forces = 0
The coefficient of friction for the screw surface materials is s : Ff = s.Fn and therefore.
Summing the moment of the forces around the centerline of the screw to obtain TR , the torque to raise the load W up the incline of the screw.
There is an additional friction torque resulting from the friction force on the thrust collar see top sketch above. This friction force = c. W. ( c = coefficient of
friction between the screw thrust surface and the collar surface.). This friction torque is assumed to be acting at the thrust collar mean radius rmc
Substituting for Fn.. see equation A above and replacing rm by dm/2 ..( and rmc by dmc /2 )
dividing the first term numerator and denominator by cos results in..
.........Equation
Equation B
For many applications the helix angle is small compared to the thread angle and therefore cos is approximately equal to 1. e.g. For M20 2.5 pitch the value of
cos = 0.999
For normal screws and fine pitch power screws the above equation for TR can be written as :
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These equations can be expressed in terms of the lead by substituting the relationship tan = l / (.dm )
For applications where the thrust is taken on ball or roller thrust bearing the value of c is sufficiently low that it can be taken as approximately 0 and therefore the
second term can be ignored. The approximate equations reduce to..
Overhauling
Overhauling occurs when the screw helix angle is such that the load W would cause to screw to rotate when the rotating force F = zero i.e. the Force is not only
required to raise the load - it is also required to statically support the load .
The overhauling torque To as calculated below will cause the screw to overhaul when To is less than zero.
If the thrust collar torque is assumed to be near zero then the helix angle which allows overhauling (To = < zero) can be solved.
Screw Efficiency
Dividing this by equation B to provides an equation for the efficiency of the power screw thread.
If the collar friction is very low compared to the screw friction the equation reduces to
Values of s and c are found on the friction coefficients page of this website Power screw friction factors
Dividing equation C by this equation provides an equation for the efficiency of the power screw thread.
If the collar friction is very low compared to the screw friction the equation reduces to
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