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ARYA PALGUNA
MANAGEMENT TRAINEE
Jakarta, 25 November 2015
Agenda Pembahasan
Pendahuluan
Procurement Management
Kesimpulan
2
1
PENDAHULUAN
3
Perception About Logistics & SCM :
2008 & 2009 Global Survey of Supply Chain
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10/o {. )
13.8 /o 13.3 /o 19..21/o (Chins)1
13-15o/o.
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Kinerja Logistics Cost
Bbrp Negara
Service Classification
Maritime Cargo Handling Services
Storage and Warehousing Services
Freight Transport Agency Services
Other Auxiliary Services
Courier Services
Packaging Services
Custom Clearance Services
International freight transportation (excluding cabotage)
11
Transportation & Logistics market in Indonesia:
The Evolution
1061.70160.67.7 121.9
120121020 113.4
120 88.78 8.87.7 106.7
1101.71101.07.7
90 9090 73.47 37.34.4 88.7
94.19 49.41.1 98.19 89.81.1 110.7
90 73.4 86.48 68.64.4 98.1
94.1
60 6060 71.87 17.18.8 86.4
60 57.45 75.74.4 71.8
30 3030 57.4
30 16.01 61.60.0 16.81 61.68.8 19.21 91.92.2 20.42 02.04.4 23.82 32.38.8 27.52 72.75.5
0 00 16.0 16.8 19.2 20.4 27.5
23.8
0 200260200606 200270200707 200280200808 200290200909 201200210010 201210210111
Years
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
L
Hoidg
dLeio
sng
L toilocigsgsitisicC co
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aonsrpspt,oprsrottar,ottios,rna
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ocgao,e
re gu
e,crio
cnieuoGrruDierPirer T&T LTT
oM
& aLlaL
t& rak
tM Mnae tkorSekrtitaeztS
sra
p te
ioS
inzie
&
zelogistics market
Logistics Cost transport, storage, courier NoteT
s:&
BaLseM d oan rckureretnS t pirz ice (2011), estimated by Frost & Sullivan
Source: Various sources, analysis by Frost & Sullivan
Transportation & Logistics market in Indonesia has grown by a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
of 13.5 percent between 2006 to 2011
12
ASIAs Infrastructure Innitiatives :
will aid logistics growth in ASIA
CHINA Road and Rail :
Add 23% move in the next five years
4 lane highway from Hanoi to Kunming
Construction of 100.000 Km of new rail lines one third being high speed
passanger line
HONG KONG Air :
World busiest airport for international cargo since 1996
In 2006, Air Cargo reached 3.6mil Tonnes and express air cargo is to grow
13% annually for the next decade
INDIA Road and Rail :
Highways and road development project worth USD12b being
implemented through National Highway Authority of India
Moves to augment rail infrastructure through private sector being
implemented
KOREA Sea :
Development of Gwangyang and Busan Ports Air
Incheon international airport (IIA) is currently the 4th largest air freight
handler worldwide
The freight terminal will be expanded from the current 132,000 to 429,000
square meters by 2020
13
ASIAs Infrastructure Innitiatives :
will aid logistics growth in ASIA
MALAYSIA Air and Sea :
Senai Airport Terminal Services aims to invest Ringgit 1b over the next 10
years to upgrade the airports infrastructure with plans to increase its
throuhgput to around 328,000 Tons
Develop Port Klang & Tanjung Pelepas Ports
Develop Shah Alam Logistics Park
PHILIPINA Road and Air :
US430m project will put in place all enabling component of the logistics
hub as part of the Luzon Urban Beltway super regions blue print of
President Gloria Macapgal Arroyo
SINGAPORE Sea :
Singapore is already home to the worlds largest container port,
connecting to 123 countries and more than 600 ports
Economic Development Board (EDB) has been developing a full range of
logistics and supply chain management capabilities
TAIWAN Logistics industry saw business revenues of NTD791,9b in 2006
Government policies have also been revised to streamline trading,
customs clearance and shipping procedures, eliminating the need for long
and tedious paper work
14
ASIAs Infrastructure Innitiatives :
will aid logistics growth in ASIA
THAILAND Upgrading the logistics facilities and technology infrastructure to increase
the nations freight handling capacilty and assure faster, more efficient
cargo movements
Road and Rail :
East-West Economic Corridor, a road project
North-South Economic Corridor, a transport project focusing on a rail
system
Sea :
Proliferation of e-logistics and RFID electronics container and seal systems
to achieve paperless free zone operations by 2008
INDONESIA Policies :
Preparation of national logistics blue print by 2009
Build a National Logistics Council by 2010
Breakdown of the BLUE PRINT into :
Commodities Distribution System
Improving international hub ports
Developing railways for container-based transportation
Regrouping SOEs that are based on logistics activities and functions
15
Evolusi Persaingan
Internasionalisasi
Within country pasar Inter country
Country X Country Y
Saat ini
Inter Network
Region P Region Q
Country 1 Country 1
Country 2 Country 2
.. Product C1 vs Product C2 ..
Country N Country N
16
Pola Hubungan Perdagangan Global dan Domestik
Coy A di Negara
Asia A
(inventory)
Coy Y / Buyer
Indonesia
PERTANYAAN:
Coy X / Seller, Jasa Logistik apa yang perlu kita
Negara Pemasok kembangkan untuk merebut
(USA, EU, JPN)
peluang tsb. ?
17
Source: Anggadinata, research funded by World Bank, 2009.
Anatomi Pola Perdagangan Global Vs Kegiatan Logistik
Contract
Coy X (USA, EU, JPN, Others) shipment order/contract
Coy A / Negara
Destination Destination Negara Pemegang Merek Dagang Pemasok
(Market) (Market) (stock)
19
Current Issues in Operations and Supply Management
A transformation process
is defined as a user of
Systematic Approach
resources to transform
to Org. Processes inputs into some desired
outputs
Career
Business Education Operations
Opportunities
Management
Cross-Functional
Applications
Source : Jacobs et al (2009)
21
Operations Management is
Transformation Processes
Inputs (Adding value) Outputs
Resource Usage
Quality
Performance objectives
Competitiveness
Speed
Operations
Market
Dependability
strategy
Flexibility
Cost
Decision areas
Market Competitiveness
Dependability Being ONTIME
Flexibility BeingABLETO
CHANGE
Cost Being PRODUCTIVE
24
EVOLUSI LOGISTIK & SCM
Global
Logistics
Supply Chain
Scope & Influence
Logistics
Corporate
Logistics
Facility
Logistics
Workplace
Logistics
25
Pohon Keilmuan Logistik
Fragmentation
1960
Demand Forecasting - - - - - - - ,
P u r c h a s i n g ---
-------')
Requirements
Production Planning
Planning----, Materia ls Management
Manufacturing Inventory _:_ L-...L_.l..-f------------
Warehousing - - - - - - . . .
Logistics
Materials Handling - - - - - - - - r - - - - < . .
lndu#:rial Packaging - - -
Finished Goods Inventory ------r-r--r+ P:;h-y-:-s:-::ic a 1;-;D::-:i:stir-b;:-;-u;f;,:lo:-;'n Supply
Distribution Planning - - - - - ' Chain
Order Processing , Management
:Transportation
I
- - - - - - - - '
Customer Service - - - - - - -
Strategic Planning - - - - - - - - - - _ --_- _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-/ - -,
Information Technology-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Supply-chain management is a
total system approach to
managing the entire flow of
SCM information, materials, and
services from raw-material
suppliers through factories and
warehouses to the end
customers
27
Supply Chain ...
Supply chain: The network of services, material, and
information flows that link a firms customer
relationship, order fulfillment, and supplier
relationship processes to those of its supplier and
customers.
Supply chain management: Developing a strategy to
organize, control, and motivate the resources involved
in the flow of services and materials within the supply
chain.
Supply chain strategy: Designing a firms supply chain
to meet the competitive priorities of the firms
operations strategy.
28
SCM Evolution
......
E v o l u t i o n of S C M i i
1993 Advance
Actual P l a n n i ng .
1980 Web
SCM
JIT enabl
Material
r e q u ir e m e n t
Pianning
In b o u n d J
outbound
Inventory
flow
LOGISTICS Vs SCM
30
Logistics Vs Supply Chain Management :
a conceptual perspectives
Four Conceptual Perspectives
Logistics Logistics
SCM SCM
Traditionalist Re-labeling
SCM
Logistics SCM
Logistics
Unionist Inter-sectionist
31 Soource : Larson & Halldorsson (2004)
Logistics Vs SCM
a flow of goods perspective
Distribution
Manufacturing Wholesaler
Center
Logistic activities
Upstream Downstream
End customers
Focal
Firm
Primary
Customers
Raw National Regional Local Retailers
Storage
Materials Distribution Storage Distribution
Contemporary
Supply Chain Management
Customers
Raw Manufacturing Distribution Retailers
Materials Center
34
Generalized Supply Chain Model
Relationship Management
Information, product, service, financial and knowledge flows
Material Flow
Supplier Network Information Flow
Integrated
Enterprise
Distribution
Network
End Consumers
Market
Materials
Procurement Distribution
LOGISTICS
Manufacturing
35
Capacity, information, core competencies, capital, and human resource
35
constraints
Supply Chain Stages
R C
supplier
U
DC R
S
R T
O
supplier plant
R
M
E
DC R R
supplier S
R
36
Supply Chain Structure : a network (2)
Distribution Distribution
center center
Manufacturer
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Home Commercial
customers customers
Transport
Sources Customers
of Supply Transportation Transportation
Inventory maintenance Inventory maintenance
Order processing Order processing
Acquisition Product scheduling
Protective packaging Protective packaging
Warehousing Warehousing
Materials handling Materials handling
Inbound Logistics
Information maintenance Information maintenance Outbound Logistics
Supply scheduling
Physical Supply
(material management) Physical Distribution
Logistics Business
Source: Ballou (2004)
42
INTEGRATED LOGISTICS
CUSTOMER
ACCOMODATION
FACILITIES &
TRANSPORTATION
NETWORK
INVENTORY WAREHOUSE
43
3
MENGELOLA DAN MERAMAL PERMINTAAN
DALAM SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
44
Operation & SC Decision Area
Resource usage
Quality
competitiveness
Speed
Market
Performance
objectives
Dependability
Flexibility
Cost
45
Capacity Strategy....
NUMBER
OF SITES
Costs
What
CAPACITY LOCATION performance
OF EACH OF EACH Revenues
measures will all
SITE SITE these decisions
have a major Cash
impact on? requirements
LONG-TERM
ALLOCATION CAPACITY
OFTASKS Service levels
CHANGE
TO SITES STRATEGY
46
The three options ..
Demand
Capacity
Time Time
Demand
Capacity
Time
Demand
Capacity
Time
47
Role of Forecasting in a Supply Chain
48
Characteristics of Forecasts
49
Forecasting Methods
50
Components of an Observation
Observed demand (O) =
Systematic component (S) + Random component (R)
51
Forecasting Methods
Static
Adaptive
Moving average
Simple exponential smoothing
Holts model (with trend)
Winters model (with trend and seasonality)
52
Basic Approach to Demand Forecasting
53
Sales and Operation Planning
Process planning
Long
range
Supply network Strategic capacity
planning planning
55
Planning Sequence
Corporate Economic,
Aggregate
competitive,
strategies demand
and political
and policies conditions forecasts
Establishes operations
Business Plan and capacity strategies
Establishes
Aggregate plan operations capacity
Establishes schedules
Master schedule for specific products
56
Aggregate Planning
57
Aggregate Planning Inputs
Resources Costs
Workforce Inventory carrying
Facilities Back orders
59
4
MENGELOLA PROKUREMEN DALAM
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
60
The Essence of Suppliers
SCM
64
Factors in Supplier Selection
Value analysis, sistematically analysis the entire
business process to improve the product and service
performance through cost reduction, quality
improvement, and customer service enhancement
Decision models :
Preference matrix, a table that can be used to rate a supplier
according to several performance attributes
Make-or-buy-decision, a convenient method to determine when
outsourcing of a component ofr function should be considered
Decision tree, a shematic model of alternatives available to the
decision maker, along with their possible consequences
Supply Certificate ISO Series
Trust and Commitment
65
Outsourcing
66
Outsourcing Model
67
PROCUREMENT
Definisi
68
PROCUREMENT
69
PROCUREMENT
Aktivitas dan Pengukuran
Aktivitas
Evaluasi dan seleksi suplier
Pengendalian kualitas
Pembelian ke depan (forward)
Pengukuran
Evektifitas harga
Penghematan biaya
Pengendalian arus material
Beban kerja
70
5
KESIMPULAN
71
Kesimpulan
72
Many Thanks
73