Indian Vet. J.
, January 2017, 94 (01) : 41 - 43
Effect of Feeding Bypass Fat on Milk Composition of Buffaloes from
Tribal Areas in Panchmahal and Vadodara
V.R. Desai, Y.D. Padheriya1, P.D. Rabari, C.R. Waghela and S. Parnerkar
Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand - 388 001.
(Received : 14-12-2015;
Abstract
Eighty Mehsani breed of buffaloes were selected
for a trial of 90 days duration at tribal villages of
Panchmahal and Vadodara districts. The Buffa-
loes were allotted into 2 dietary treatments i.e. T1
(Control) and T2 (Bypass fat). The T1 groups were
fed as per the feeding schedule of the farmers.
The supplementation of bypass fat to buffaloes
(T2 group) resulted in higher percentage of fat
in the milk. However, total Solids, protein and
lactose contents (%) were not affected and there
was signicantly lower solids-not fat percent
in bypass fat supplemented group in both the
districts.
Key words: Bypass fat, Milk Composition,
Buffaloes
Feeding of bypass fat is a means of
rendering fats insoluble in the rumen, which
reduces the negative effect of fat on nutrient
fermentation in the rumen and is benecial for
various body functions especially production
and reproduction. Fats protected from ruminal
hydrolysis and bio-hydrogenation are digested
and absorbed in the lower gastrointestinal (GI)
tract. Bypass fat is inert in the rumen and a good
source of fatty acids for meeting energy needs
of animals and fatty acids requirement for milk
synthesis. But this bypass fat feeding practice
is not followed in tribal areas; hence, to demon-
strate the benets of bypass fat we selected tribal
areas of Panchmahal and Vadodara districts.
Materials and Methods
Present experiment was conducted in the tribal
areas of Panchmahal and Vadodara districts
of Gujarat. Eighty Mehsani buffaloes in their
2nd to 4th lactation (15-60 days post-partum)
Corresponding author: Email: yogesh.rayka@gmail.com
1
The Indian Veterinary Journal (January, 2017)
Accepted : 30-06-2016)
were selected based on their average daily milk
yield and fat percent during early lactation and
randomly allotted to two dietary treatments for
90 days in both the districts i.e. T1 (Control -
40 animals) and T2 (Bypass fat - 40 animals),
following completely randomized design. The
buffaloes in control group (T1) were fed as per
the feeding schedule followed by the farmers
(home-made concentrate mixture (500g/kg milk
production) + green fodder (20 - 25 kg) + dry
fodder (Ad libitum). In addition to feeding the
home made concentrate to T2 group, bypass fat
supplement manufactured by Animal Nutrition
Department, GADVASU, Ludhiana, (Naik et
al. (2007) was provided to the buffaloes @ 15g/
kg milk yield/head/d. The samples of feeds and
fodder were analyzed for proximate constituents
by the methods of AOAC (2005).
Milk samples were collected at fortnight-
ly intervals and fat content was estimated by
digital electronic milk testing machine Milko-
tester (REMI make). SNF was estimated as per
formula: SNF (%) = Total solids (%) fat (%).
Nitrogen percent in milk samples was estimated
by Kjeldahls method AOAC, (loc.cit). The nitro-
gen content was then multiplied by factor 6.38 to
get the protein content of milk. The lactose (%)
in milk was estimated by lactometer. The data
were analyzed using two way ANOVA analysis
with the help of software SigmaStat version
3.11.methods of Snedecor and Cochran. (1994)
and signicance was declared when P value was
less than 0.05.
Results and Discussion
The data related to milk composition is presented
in Table II. The milk fat percent of buffaloes was
6.910.08, 7.120.04 and 7.410.08, 7.510.04 in
T1 and T2 groups, respectively, in Panchmahal
41
 Effect of Feeding Bypass Fat ...

Table I. Proximate composition of the experimental feeds (% on DM basis)

Ingredients CP EE CF Ash NFE OM
Cotton seed cake 22.71 5.96 32.27 5.74 32.99 93.93
Compound concentrate mixture 17.76 2.84 10.91 12.51 51.37 82.87
Mixed grain bhardo. (Crushed grain
of Maize and Wheat used 9.99 1.50 7.50 6.70 73.02 92.05
for preparation )
Green bajra 8.83 1.55 27.23 11.65 49.47 87.08
Green maize 7.29 1.94 26.55 7.04 55.76 91.55
Maize straw 3.15 1.87 33.48 8.38 51.61 90.12
Paddy straw 3.73 3.26 32.96 18.30 39.72 79.66
Bypass fat - 73.13 - 26.67 - 73.33

and Vadodara districts. The milk fat percent
was found to be signicantly (P<0.01) higher in
T2 as compared to T1 group in both the districts.
Similar results were also reported by Bhanderi
et al. (2011) and Shelke et al. (2012). However,
Lounglawan et al. (2008) and Wadhwa et al.
(2012) observed similar milk fat percent in
bypass fat and control group.
The total solids (TS) percent was statisti-
cally similar in both groups in both the districts.
Total solids include fat and SNF. Here fat % was
increased while the protein and lactose content
of milk were not affected by the supplementa-
tion. So, overall effect on total solids was not
differed. Similar results were also observed by
Shelke et al. (loc.cit.) and reported similar TS
percent in control and bypass fat fed group.
However, There was signicantly (P<0.01) lower
solids-not fat (SNF) percent in bypass fat supple-
mented group in both the districts. The increase
effect of fat % might affected the decrease
SNF%. Similar responses were also observed by
DeFrain et al. (2005). However, Shankhpal et al.
(2009) observed no effect of feeding bypass fat on
SNF content of milk. Similarly, no improvement
in protein percent was reported by Lounglawan
et al. (loc.cit.) and Shelke et al. (loc.cit.) when
bypass fat was fed. The lactose percent between
the treatment groups did not differ from each
other in both the districts because lactose in the
milk is the only fraction of milk that does not
differ and has no effect by various feeds because
it is the most unchangeable portion of milk.
Similar results were also reported by Loung-
lawan et al. (loc.cit.) and Shelke et al. (loc.cit.).
However, Wadhwa et al. (loc.cit.) observed an
increase in protein (3.36 vs. 3.00 %), lactose (5.24
vs. 4.65 %) and SNF (9.43 vs. 8.75 %) content in
milk, without affecting milk fat (4.22 vs. 4.54 %)
contents when bypass fat was supplemented.
Summary
The supplementation of bypass fat to buffaloes
resulted in higher (P<0.01) percentage of fat in
the milk. However, Total Solids, protein and
lactose content (%) were not affected and there
was signicantly (P<0.01) lower SNF percent
in bypass fat supplemented group in both the
districts.
References

Table II. Effect of feeding bypass fat on milk composition.

Panchmahal district Vadodara district
Particulars
Control (T1) Bypass fat (T2) Control (T1) Bypass fat (T2)
Fat% 6.91 0.08
a
7.41 0.08
b
7.12 0.04
a
7.51b 0.04
TS% 16.120.08 16.240.07 16.400.04 16.420.06
SNF % 9.22 0.02
b
8.84 0.01
a
9.28 0.01
b
8.91a0.08
Protein % 3.860.01 3.890.03 3.990.01 3.96 0.02
Lactose % 4.900.02 4.850.03 4.970.01 4.990.01
a,b
Values in same row with different superscripts differ at P<0.01

42 The Indian Veterinary Journal (January, 2017)

 V.R. Desai et al.
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Indian Vet. J., January 2017, 94 (01) : 43 - 46

Comparative Histopathological Evaluation of the Efcacy of the Extracts of

Crataeva Religiosa Against Paracetamol Intoxication in Wistar Rats*
C.M. Jaikanth1, K.V. Venkateswaran, S. Selvasubramanian and P.S.L. Sesh
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai 600 007.

(Received : 13-01-2016; Accepted : 22-06-2016)

Abstract viz. 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. Histopathalogy of

Hepatoprotective effect of aqueous and ethanolic
extracts of Crataeva religiosa on the liver pathol-
ogy was studied in paracetamol induced hepato-
toxicity in rats and their effects were compared
with the standard drug, silymarin. Hepatotoxic-
ity was produced in the animals with an oral
acute toxic dose of paracetamol at 3 g/kg b.w.
The animals were treated with the standard and
test drugs for a period of seven days. Standard
drug silymarin was administered at the dose
rate of 100 mg/kg b.w. Aqueous and ethanolic
extracts of C. religiosa were tested for their
hepatoprotective action in two different doses
*Part of M.V.Sc. Thesis submitted by the rst author to TANUVAS,
Chennai.
1
Corresponding author : Email : jaipersie@gmail.com
the paracetamol intoxicated liver revealed toxic
changes such as diffuse degenerative changes,
centrilobular necrosis and ballooning degenera-
tion. The livers of animals treated with silymarin
and extracts of C. religiosa showed restoration
in the liver architecture. The ethanolic extract
at the dose of 400 mg/kg b.w. produced better
effect than all other treatments in restoring
the altered liver pathology and it was found to
have similar hepatoprotective action as that of
silymarin.
Key words: Crataeva religiosa, paracetamol,
hepatotoxicity, histopathology.
The liver is the prime organ concerned
with various states of metabolic and physiologic
homeostasis of the organism. Treatment of many

The Indian Veterinary Journal (January, 2017) 43