A

PROJECT REPORT
ON

CRYSTAL CERAMIC INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD.

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the

Programme: S.Y.B.B.A.
Academic Year: 2009-2010
Subject: Practical Studies
Duration: 15-10-2009 TO 01-11-2009
SUBMITTED
BY
SYBBA Roll Exam
Names of group members
Division Nos. Nos.
Khamar Dipen A. A 51
Gupta Kunal K. A 35
Chaudhari Rahulkumar S. A 18
Chaudhari Mitesh N. A 16
Patel Daksha D. B 112
Patel Bhagyashree K. B 104

SUBMITTED
TO

V.M. PATEL COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

Ganpat Vidyanagar Campus, Kherva 382711,
Mehsana-Gandhinagar Highway,
Dist. Mehsana, North Gujarat, India.
 V.M. PATEL COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES,

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. / Ms. ________________________

Of SYBBA, Division: __ , Roll No: ___ , Exam No: ___ , has
satisfactorily completed his / her Project Report in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the Subject: Practical
Studies in the academic year 2008-09.

Signature of Signature of
Project I/C Principal
Coordinator

College Stamp

V.M. PATEL COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

Ganpat Vidyanagar Campus, Kherva 382711,
Mehsana-Gandhinagar Highway,
Dist. Mehsana, North Gujarat, India.
 PREFACE

This Project Report has been prepared in partial fulfillment of the requirement for
the Subject: Practical Studies of the Second Year BBA Programme in the
academic year 2009-2010.

For preparing the Project Report, I have visited the company during the
suggested duration from 15-10-2009 to 1-11-2009, to avail the necessary
information. The blend of learning and knowledge acquired during my practical
studies at the company is presented in this Project Report.

The rationale behind visiting the company and preparing the Project Report is to
study the evolution of the company, its development, its strategies and its
functional departments like production department, marketing department, human
resource department and financial department.

The Project Report starts with the basic general information of the company and
covers the information regarding its functional departments like production
department, marketing department, human resource department and financial
department.

The information presented in this Project Report is obtained from sources like
Company Personnel, Company Websites, Other Websites, Company Reports,
and Other Literature.

SYBBA Roll Exam

Names of group members
Division Nos. Nos.
Khamar Dipen A. A 51
Gupta Kunal K. A 35
Chaudhari Rahulkumar S. A 18
Chaudhari Mitesh N. A 16
Patel Daksha D. B 112
Patel Bhagyashree K. B 104
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It was indeed an opportunity for me to visit CRYSTAL CERAMIC

INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD.and prepares a Project Report on the same during

SYBBA Programme. During my visit to the company for preparing this Project
Report, I learnt many interesting things about the company, along with the
aspects of industry as a whole.

Preparation of such kind of report, which is based on secondary information,

requires data gathering from many sources like Company Personnel, Company
Websites, Other Websites, Company Reports, and Other Literature.

I am thankful to Mr.Arvindbhai, who permitted me to visit the company and

allowed me to prepare the Report. I am also thankful to the Departmental Heads
of the company, who provided me the required information. Moreover I thank all
those who supported me directly or indirectly in preparing this Report, without
whose assistance, preparing this Report might have been much difficult for me.

I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. K. M. Chudasama, (I/C Principal), Mr.

Kamal Vyas (Project Coordinator) and other faculty members of the college for
their valuable guidance and help in preparation of this Report. At last but not
least, I am thankful to all my friends and other people, who helped me in
preparation of this Project Report.

SYBBA Roll Exam

Names of group members
Division Nos. Nos.
Khamar Dipen A. A 51
Gupta Kunal K. A 35
Chaudhari Rahulkumar S. A 18
Chaudhari Mitesh N. A 16
Patel Daksha D. B 112
Patel Bhagyashree K. B 104
 INDEX

S. N. PARTICULARS PAGE
1. CERTIFICATE I
2. PREFACE II
3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT III

1 GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 Company Profile
1.2 History
1.3 Form of Organization
1.4 Organization Structure
1.6 Bankers
1.7 Auditors
2 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Production Process Chart
2.3 Production Process
2.4 Types of Tiles
2.5 Quality
3 HUMAN RESOURCES DEPARTMENT
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Recruitment & Selection
 Recruitment
 Selection
3.3 Promotion & Transfer
3.4 Play roll system
3.5 Organization on structure
3.6 Labour welfare facilities
3.7 Performance Appraisal
3.8 Employee relation activity
3.9 Personal data
3.10 Promotion & transfer policy
3.11 Time keeping system
4 FINANCE DEPARTMENT
4.1 Trading, Profit & Loss account of 2008
4.2 Balance sheet of 2008
4.3 Trading, Profit & Loss account of 2009
4.4 Balance sheet of 2009
4.5 Ratio Analysis
5 MARKETING DEPARTMENT
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Marketing function analysis
5.3 Area Depot
5.4 Channel of distribution
5.5 Market Segmentation
5.6 Market Research Chart
5.7 Market Research Process
6 Conclusion
7 Bibliography
 GENERAL
INFORMATION

COMPANY PROFILE
 NAME OF THE COMPANY Crystal Ceramic
Industries Pvt. Ltd.

 REGISTERED ADDRESS Crystal Ceramic

Industries Pvt. Ltd.
1st floor, Katanga Complex,
Near S.T. stand,
Himmatnagar-383001.
Dist.Sabarkantha

 MISSION To provide
good quality tiles at
Reasonable price

 CONTACT NO. +912762324963,

+912764267531

 FAX NO. +912764267530

 E-mail Address crystalsahara@yahoo.co.in

 Website www.crystalceramic.com

 Corporate Office At & Po: Kaiyal,

Kaiyal-shedhavi Road,
Tal: Kadi, Dist: Mehsana,
(Gujarat-India)
 HISTORY
Crystal Ceramic Industries Pvt. Ltd. was formed in 2001 by a few
enthusiastic entrepreneurs. After 7 years, with more advanced infrastructure,
wide range of products, broad network and bigger dreams company was re-
named in 2008 as *Crystal Ceramic Industry Pvt. Ltd.* . Today, it has already
become a renowned company in the ceramic industry. Crystal’s roots go back to
1990. Then it was started as a small tiles manufacturing unit under the name of
Nijanand Ceramic Pvt. Ltd. having brand name of Sahara. But with a strong
conviction and unending efforts, this small entity soon took shape as a major tiles
manufacturing company in the country with production touching 4,80,000 Sq.
Mts. per month. At Crystal, our only aim is to offer the very best. And in pursuit to
offer sky-high standards, we have installed state-of-the-art equipments, employed
certified experts, and started a quality assurance department and an R&D center.
That’s not all. We have, indeed, extended our reach. We have more than 10 of
our company depots and 150-plus agents spread across 4 zones of the country.
And that number is growing constantly. In sum, it is crystal-clear that we are a
premier ceramic company all set to make a global impression.

FORM OF ORGANIZATION
The size of the organization is based on the scale operation and capital employed
in the organization. There are three types of an organization

1. small scale
2. large scale
3. medium scale

The CRYSTAL is a large scale Private ltd. organization. The Company was set up on the
Private basis.

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
 • Mr. B.P.PATEL DIRECTOR
• Mr.M.A.PATEL DIRECTOR
• Mr.R.M.PATEL DIRECTOR
• Mr.D.D.PATEL DIRECTOR
• Mr.G.K.PATEL DIRECTOR
• Mr.G.Z.PATEL Chief Operating Officer(CCO)
• Mr.J.G.SUTHAR Chief Developing Officer(CDO)

FACTORY STAFF: 250

MARKETTING STAFF: 100
OFFICE STAFF: 20

BANKERS
Punjab National Bank
Shahibag Branch (Ahmedabad)

AUDITOR
K.K.PATEL & Associates (C.A.)
F/51, 2nd floor, Akashganga Complex,
Himmatnagar

C-creative
R-reliable
Y-youthful
S-significant
T-trustworthy
A-aristocrat
L-luxurious in the real sense
ORGANIZATION CHART
 CHAIRMAN

MANAGING DIRECTOR

PRECEDENT PRECEDENT PRECEDENT

PRECEDENT
OF OF OF
OF
MARKETING FINANCE HRD
PRODUCTION

CHIEF
GENRAL FINANCE HRD
EXECUTIVE
MANAGER MANAGER MANAGER
OFFICER

CHIEF
DEPARTMENT
OPERATING ACCOUNTANT PERSONAL
INCHARGE
OFFICER

CHIEF CHIEF CHIEF

DEVELOPMENT MARKETING COMMERCIAL
OFFICER OFFICER OFFICER
PRODUCTION
DEPARTMENT
 INTRODUCTION

Mostly all manufacturing units having different production process of any

unit may be mostly depend upon the size and nature of the industry any quality of
the raw material machinery and technology is used in this production.

The production process may be shorter or longer. In small scale industry

the production process may be shorter but on other hand in large scale industry
the production process may be longer. In large scale industry the longer
production process may suffer many practical problems at the time of production.

Mostly the higher reliable company uses production process that

contents the high technology, super power machinery, and very fast and latest
components.
PRODUCTION PROCESS FLOW CHART
RAW MATERIAL

CRUSHING THE RAW-

MATERIAL

GRINDING &
AUTOMIZATION

CLEANING &
MIXING

QUALITY CONTROL

GLAZE LINE

FIRING

RECTIFICATION/
SQUARING AND
CHAMFERING
 DISPATCH & STOCK
AVAILABILITY

Raw Materials:
• Ceramic Color • Pigments • Printing Bases
• Compound • Frit • Matt
• Powder • Glaze • Borax Pent hydrate
• Boric Acid • CMC • Ukraine Clay
• Ceramic Pigments • Feldspar • Quartz
• Zinc Oxide • Wollastonite • Cal. Carbonates
• Alumina Bacon • Corundum • Probitol
• STPP • Binding Material • Kaolin
• Other Clays • Silica • Kaolinate

Crushing the Raw Material:

First, the raw material particles are reduced to the desired size, which
involves using a variety of equipment during several crushing and grinding steps.
Primary crushing is done in ball mills, rapidly moving steel or ceramic balls.

And for fine grinding, craftspeople use ball mills that consist of large
rotating cylinders partially filled with steel or ceramic grinding media of spherical
shape.

Grinding & Atomization:

Obtaining shapely and smooth granules
 This is wet grinding phase where inside large continuous grinding
machines, water and the raw materials are mixed together to create a water-
based suspension known as the slip.

The slip is then injected at a high pressure and atomized inside large steel
cylinders called atomizers wherein it gets into contact with a flow of hot air at a
temperature of 500 to 600°C, in this process the water in the mixture evaporates
almost instantaneously.
The granules obtained in this way are uniform and smooth, round in shape
and features a fine grain size. This, together with the controlled moisture
(between 4 and 7%) of the atomized product is just what is required to give the
right compactness during the subsequent pressing phase.

Cleaning and mixing:

The ingredients are passed through a series of screens to remove any
under- or over-sized materials. Screens, usually operated in a sloped position,
are vibrated mechanically or electromechanically to improve flow. If the body is to
be formed wet, the ingredients are then combined with water to produce the
desired consistency. Magnetic filtration is then used to remove iron from the
slurries, as these watery mixtures of insoluble material are called. Because iron
occurs so pervasively in most clays and will impart an undesirable reddish hue to
the body if it oxidizes, removing it prior to firing is essential. If the body is to be
formed dry, shell mixers, ribbon mixers, or intensive mixers are typically used.

Quality Control:
Perfection at every phase

The character of the raw materials is important in maintaining quality during

the manufacturing process. The chemical composition, mineral phase, particle
size distribution, and colloidal surface area affect the fired and unfired properties
of theporcelain.

With unfired body, the properties evaluated include viscosity, plasticity,

shrinkage, and strength. With fired porcelain, strength, porosity, color, and
thermal expansion are measured.

Many of these properties are monitored and controlled during

manufacturing using statistical methods. Both the raw materials and the process
parameters (milling time and forming pressure, for example) can be adjusted to
achieve desired quality.

Glazing
The enamels are prepared in the color workshops, by mixing together
vitreous flakes called frits, kaolin, siliceous sand, oxides and pigments for
coloring ceramics.

Inside the enameling booths, many different techniques are used for
applying the enamel uniformly to the surface of the tiles.

A spatula spreads the enamel for decorating the tiles through the meshes
of the silk screens. Combining several silk-screen applications it is possible to
create complex patterns and extremely attractive effects.

Firing
Firing is a further heating step that is done in roller firing kiln. A periodic
kiln consists of sealed chamber with burner ports and flues. It can fire only one
batch of ware at a time, but it is more flexible since the firing cycle can be
adjusted for each product. A tunnel kiln is a refractory chamber several hundred
feet or more in length. It maintains certain temperature zones continuously, with
the ware being pushed from one zone to another. Typically, the ware will enter a
preheating zone and move through a central firing zone before leaving the kiln via
a cooling zone. This type of kiln is usually more economical and energy efficient
than a periodic kiln.

During the firing process, a variety of reactions take place. First, carbon-
based impurities burn out, chemical water evolves (at 215 to 395 degrees
Fahrenheit or 100 to 200 degrees Celsius), and carbonates and sulfates begin to
decompose (at 755 to 1,295 degrees Fahrenheit or 400 to 700 degrees Celsius).
Gases are produced that must escape from the ware.
 On further heating, some of the minerals break down into other phases,
and the fluxes present (feldspar and flint) react with the decomposing minerals to
form liquid glasses (at 1,295 to 2,015 degrees Fahrenheit or 700 to 1,100
degrees Celsius). These glass phases are necessary for shrinking and bonding
the grains. After the desired density is achieved (greater than 2,195 degrees
Fahrenheit or 1,200 degrees Celsius), the ware is cooled, which causes the liquid
glass to solidify, thereby forming a strong bond between the remaining crystalline
grains. After cooling, the porcelain is complete.

Rectification/ Squaring and chamfering:

Making it 'joint-free'

To minimize the manufacturing limitations like variation in length, width and

straightness of side’s rectification or squaring and chamfering process becomes
necessary, it offers accuracy to diagonal dimensions to meet perfection of joints
without interruption in continuity, means 'joint free' tiles.

Dispatch and stock availability:

As well as some complimentary items available on a special order basis
(identified by a Name of Design Mentioned in Product Brochure). Many other
styles and colors are available in our company stock yard on an order basis.
Please visit our dealers showrooms or consult your sales representative. Due to
our constant effort to offer our customers the latest designs and technical
advances stock is on an “as available basis.” Please order your tiles well in
advance to avoid out-of-stock situations, and to allow for shipping of special
orders. If we are out-of-stock on an item that you have selected from our
inventory program, please anticipate delivery in 15 to 30 days. Consult our sales
representative in each case, and be aware that weather and other conditions are
out of our control and can delay production or delivery of products. Selecting from
available inventory or incoming stock is advisable whenever possible.

In any case, all orders, whether solicited or unsolicited, are subject to CRYSTAL
CERAMIC INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD.. At Kaiyal, Kaiyal Shedhavi Road, Taluka.
Kadi, Dist. Mehsana, acceptance, in whole or in part, upon their receipt in writing
by us and, after acceptance, to our ability to fill any orders so accepted.

CRYSTAL CERAMIC INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD. will be under no liability for its
failure to fill any accepted order when such failure is due to causes and
contingencies beyond its control, including, but not limited to, delays in production
or shipment, strikes, labor troubles, domestic or foreign wars, fire, floods,
explosions, accidents, sabotage, inability to obtain essential material or
equipment, and orders or requisitions by the foreign Government. It is understood
and agreed by you that in no event shall CRYSTAL CERAMIC INDUSTRIES
PVT. LTD. be liable for direct, resultant, incidental, consequential or any other
damages. All unfilled orders are subject to the conditions of sale in effect on the
date of shipment.

TYPES OF TILES

⇒ Porcelain 24” X24” 603MM X603MM

18” X18” 455MM X455MM

⇒ Elevation 18” X12” 444MM X296MM

⇒ Metallic 24” X 24” 603MM X603MM

⇒ Eco 18” X18” 455MM X455MM

⇒ Granostone 24” X 24” 603MM X603MM

⇒ Ruston 24” X24” 603MM X603MM

18” X18” 455MM X455MM

PRODUCTION
 PORCELAIN

Time Period Production

Monthly 325000 SQ.MT.
Quarterly 2690000 SQ.MT.
Yearly 900000 SQ. MT.
ELEVATION
METALLIC
ECO
GRANOSTONE
RUSTONE
 QUALITY POLICY
At Crystal, quality is our prime concern. They’re an ISO 9001:2000
certified company which says a lot about our strict quality controls. They
have a dedicated quality control department where rigorous tests are
carried out at all stages to ensure that our products are defect-free. Not
only that, their team of highly-qualified experts makes 100% sure that no
product is passed without undergoing our strict quality assurance process.

Nevertheless, they compete with our own quality standards and

always strive to better them, perfect them and innovate them by
experimenting and implementing various methods and technologies.
 HUMAN
RESOURSE
DEPARTMENT

INTRODUCTION
Personnel department is one of the vital departments in any
organization today. Main is active factored of production and there is doubt that it
is the main controls & manages machine, material, money & market. It is like the
heart of any enterprise, without manpower the organization cannot run or work.
Crystal has a personnel department which deals with various matters relating to
the personnel.
 During our visit in Crystal, We found that there is a department of
human resources development i.e. personnel department, which performs the
function like personnel administrator, wage & salary administration, staffing,
training, motivation, industrial relation recruitment and selection, personnel
records and personnel audit.

Thus we can say that thought giving full guidance, advice, motivation,
etc to the employee and increasing their morale. Crystal has achieved its short
term goals promptly and built the structure for long time objective. Due to the
efficiency and competency of HRD manger, there has been no strike in Crystal,
right its establishment and employees are promptly satisfied with the job, which
has been offered to him.

RECRUITMENT & SELECTION

RECRUITMENT

Recruitment can be defined as, “it is process of searching for

prospective employees and stimulating and encouraging them to apply for a job
in an organization.”
 Recruitment is the most important task of personnel administration. In
Crystal, recruitment of the employees is done as per the company using the
following sources of market.

(1) By advertisement
(2) Government employment
(3) Internal promotion

SELECTION

The selection procedure is concerned to securing necessary information

about an employee rather application. This information is secured in to different
various kinds of steps or stages. Company screen out those applicants, which
are suitable for that job.

For selection Crystal uses internal & external sources. They have
application blank for applicant they uses the employee’s references.

The company is also advertisement and some other sources like

advertisement and some other organization. The selection procedure of Crystal is
quite simple and very clean.

SELECTION PROCESS CHART

SELECTION PROCEDURE OF CRYSTAL IS AS UNDER:-

VACANCY IN ANY DEPARTMENT

 DIRECT APPLICATION

COLLECTION OF APPLICATION

SCRITINISATION OF APPLICATION

INTERVIEW

MEDICAL CHEACK UP

SELECTION

SELECTION PROCESS

VACANCY IN ANY DEPARTMENT:

Where there is any organization department then they collect information
through collages, institution, university etc.
COLLECTION OF APPLICATION:
They collect application from post which are directly received. They
collect list from district employment exchange campus interview etc.

SCRITINISATION OF APPLICATION:
After collection of application, they are studies in detail & not suitable
applications are rejected & other kept for further process.

INTERVIEW:
Remaining applications are then called for interview in this interview
person personality, experiences, subject knowledge, general knowledge etc. Are
tested Interview result declared on that day.

MEDICAL CHECK UP:

Selected person sent for medical checkup & when person medically fit
then section is done.

PLACEMENT:

Medical fit person gave offer letter & then person is joining in a work. In
Crystal probation period is different for different types of person.
12 month for officers.
6 month for clericals.
3 month for workers
 If any person is not suitable for his job then they have a right to
terminate their services also.

PROMOTION & TRANSFER

When a person who work in any organization get more salary and have
higher responsibility and power then it is call promotion. Promotion is in other
words is the process of making upper change in the post of employee. Promotion
is also one of the sources of internal sources of recruitment.
 Promotion is given for encouragement so the employee feels more
motivated and works harder in organization. Promotion policy of Crystal is also
quite simple and they give promotion to their employees in both the ways as per
the seniority and also as per performance.

Transfer is nothing but when the area of employee is changed in any

sort of action it may be the change of department or it may be the change of
other unit. Transfer is also the source of internal recruitment and transfer is also
done in situation of giving punishment. By the transfer if require need of other is
also can be fulfilled. The policy of transfer is implemented in this unit is same.
The transfer of any employee is done in very few occasions and it is temporary.

PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL

Performance appraisal means a systematic evolution of an employee’s

performance on the job in term of requirement of the job. Performance appraisal
is concerned with merit ranking which involves seriating the ability of personnel
for promotion.

Crystal appraises the performance on the each employee. Though the

appraisal system, appraisal knows the eligibility of each employee for promotion
and accordingly the arrangement is made regarding either giving promotion or
giving higher salary.

WAGE & SALARY

ADMINISTRATION
Wage and salary represent the substantial part of the total cost in an
organization. The administration of the wages and salary is performed for
establishing & maintaining the equitable wage and salary structure and lower cost
structure. It refers to the financial aspect of need and motivation as well as
reward and accordingly the manager interpret and analyze the need of workers.

The wages and salary are depending upon the work, qualification,
seniority and all other facts. The performance is also taken in to consideration at
the time of giving salary. The salary is paid in Crystal is as per the rules of
government and there is no conflict so far regarding the salary. The salary of
higher management is quite higher in organization.

EMPLOYEE’S FACILITIES

Sometimes expect salary some other benefits are also require for good
work force because by this kind of facility one can motivate the personnel in
organization.
Some benefits are also provided by Crystal. Those are as follows:
⇒ Bonus
⇒ Canteen
⇒ Provident fund
⇒ Medical
⇒ Residential Quarters
⇒ Sports Activities

BONUS:
As we see that the company is giving extra facility to its employees and
bonus is good example of it. The company is giving 20% bonus to its employees
every year.

CANTEEN:
 The company provides beautiful canteen to its all work and staff
members. The good food can be found there. The cheap food is provided to the
employees and half amount is paid by the company itself.

PROVIDENT FUND:
Provident fund is also provided to employee by a company. But only for
permanent employees.

MEDICAL:
The company is providing their employees ESI benefit and for managerial
staff they provide them one- month salary as a medical expense.

RESIDENTIAL QUARTERS:
The company is providing the quarters for staying to the employees with
the facilities of water & electricity at free of cost.

SPORTS ACTIVITIES:
The company is also providing sports facilities for their enjoyment. The company
holds sports competition annually for the employees.

PERSONNEL RECORD

The Crystal Ceramic Industries Pvt. Ltd. maintains records of present as well as
past personnel. The company taking help of computer for record of personnel data. The
company issued identity card, shift card to its employees. The company also maintains
the file of records like name, address, exhalation, transfer, P.F., etc.
 EMPLOYEES NUMBERS OF
EMPLOYEES
FACTORY STAFF 250
OFFICE STAFF 20
MARKETTING STAFF 100

TIME KEEPING SYSTEM

This department is engaged in tacking attendance of the employee and

worker of the company has manual time keeping system. There are three
shifts for workers.

SHIFT TIMES
FIRST 8 AM TO 4 PM
 SECOND 4 PM TO 12PM
THIRD 12PM TO 8AM

The company has also adopted an advance logical home keeping

system which function for the accurate computing workers attendance and
order time working hours.

The workers allowed working for 8 hours per day, but he want to do take
overtime work. He has take permission of shift supervisor. If this permission
is received by supervisor, he can do the overtime work.
 FINANCE
DEPARTMENT

INTRODUCTION

Financial management is that part of managerial activity, which is

concerned with planning and controlling of firm’s financial resources. It is an
applied branch of general management; chief accountant duties of financial
management are planning and controlling management of corporate finance.
Financial management is called upon to take their major decision, financial and
dividend decision.
 Financial management involves the implementation of this three major
decision. It is an integrate part of overall management rather than a staff activity
concerned with fund raising operations with sound management of financial
resources. Business can’t achieve its objectives and may occur heavy losses.

The major finance is procurement of money needed by the business,

keeping and increasing the invested money through sound financial policies and
programs and generating income or profit for the business.

TRADING, PROFIT & LOSS ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED ON,
31ST MARCH, 2009
 PARTICULARS SCHEDULE YEAR(2008 YEAR(2007
-2009) Rs. -2008) Rs.
INCOME

Turnover 726585633 121810911

Other Income M 803419 532227
Increase / (Decrease) in Stock N 3497966 51267344
Total Rs… 730887018 173610482

EXPENDITURE

Manufacturing & other expenses O 522486128 143477246

Employee Emoluments P 56288788 2577981
Administrative & Selling Expenses Q 57744149 5958669
Interest & Financial Charges R 49735893 8796761
686254958 160810657

Profit before depreciation 44632060 12799825

Less: Depreciation E 16462296 3556426
Net Profit Before Tax 28169764 9243399

Provision for taxation

-current Tax 3200000 925000
-F.B.Tax 580000 75000
-Deferred Tax 7037189 0
Net Profit after Tax 17352575 8243399
Add: Balance b/f from the previous 8243499 0
year
Amount available for Appropriations 25595974 8243399

APPROPRIATIONS
General Reserve 0 0
Proposed Dividend on Equity 2001300 0
Shares
Tax on Dividend 3401121 0
Balance carried to Balance Sheet 23254553 8243399
 BALANCE SHEET AS ON 31ST MARCH, 2009

PARTICULARS SCHEDUL YEAR(2008 YEAR(2007-

E -2009) Rs. 2008) Rs.
SOURCES OF FUNDS
SHAREHOLDERS FUNDS
a) Share Capital A 40026000 39652000
b) Reserve & Surplus B 143358553 86851399

LOAN FUNDS
A) Secured Creditors C 206174923 237615804
B) Unsecured D 141250050 122084462
Creditors

Deferred Tax Liabilities 7037189 0

TOTAL Rs… 537846715 486203665

APPLICATION OF FUNDS
1.FIXED ASSETS E
a) Gross Block 383019027 336846440
b) Less: 44079904 27617607
Depreciation
c) Net Block 338939123 309228833

Capital Work in Progress 0 19298858

2.INVESMENTS F 2249006 2245308

3.CURRENT ASSETS ,
LAON & ADVANCES
a) Inventories G 141263160 122853704
b) Sundry Debtors H 116597715 52428577
c) Cash & bank I 8895647 17432412
balances
d) Loan & Advances J 14756114 20173902
281512636 212888595
Less:
4.CURRENT LIABILITIES K 86262103 59336391
& PROVISION
NET : CURRENT ASSETS 195250533 153552204

MISC. EXPENSES L 1408053 1878462

TOTAL Rs… 537846715 486203665

 RATIO
ANALYSIS
 Ratio analysis is one of the techniques of financial analysis where ratio are
used as yardstick for evaluating the financial condition and performance of a firm.
Ratio may be classified according to function or tests as solvency, liquidity or
profitability ratio and according to nature as leverage ratio and activity ratios.

 LIQUIDITY RATIO:
A liquidity ratio is ratio, which points out whether there are sufficient liquid
resources to meet short term liabilities. They are meant to measure the
company’s financial strength to meet current obligation.
e.g. current ratio, quick ratio, etc.

 SOLVENCY RATIO:
These are long term ratio a pointer to future and long term solvency of the
company in which creditors, bankers and financial institutions have great stake.
E.g. proprietary ratio, debt equity ratio.

 PROFITABILITY RATIO:
Ratio that is means to measure the profit earning capacity of the firm in its
business operation fall under this category.
E.g. gross profit ratio, net profit ratio.

 ACTIVITY RATIO:
These ratios establish a relationship between sales and various assets of
the firm, how well the assets are being made use of and the speed with which
they are converted into sales.
CURRENT RATIO:

Current ratio is significant ratio, which establishes a relationship between

current assets and current liabilities of a firm during a given period of time. It is
also as “working capital” ratio.

Total current assets

Current ratio = --------------------------
Total current liability

Year Current assets Current liabilities Ratio

2008 212888595 59336391 3.59
2009 281512636 86262103 3.26

current ratio analysis

300000000
250000000
200000000
C.A 150000000 2008
2009
100000000
50000000
0
year
NET PROFIT RATIO:

Net profit
Net profit ratio: * 100
Net sales

year net profit Net sales Ratio

2009 8243339 726585633 1.13
PROPRIETARY RATIO:

Proprietor funds
Proprietary ratio: total assets * 100

Year Proprietor funds Total assets ratio

2008 126503399 212888595 59.42%
2009 183384553 281512636 65.14%

PropreitorsRatio

300000000
250000000
200000000
Total
150000000 2008
Assests
100000000 2009
50000000
0
YEAR

PropreitersRatio

200000000
150000000
Propreiters
100000000 2008
Fund
50000000 2009
0
Year
FIXED CAPITAL ASSETS RATIO:

Long term liability + share capital + reserve

Fixed capital assets ratio: fixed capital

year Long term lia. + share cap. Fixed assets Ratio

+ reserve
2008 364119203 309228833 1.18
2009 389559476 338939123 1.15

fixed capital assets ratio

1.18
1.17
1.16
ratio 2008
1.15
2009
1.14
1.13
year
MARKETING
DEPARTMENT
 INTRODUCTION
The concepts of market are very important. Marketing is a
comprehensive learn. It includes primary resources such as human resources,
finance and management as well as a set of activities in order to direct the flow of
goods & services from producer to consumer in the process of exchange &
distribution.

Marketing defined as the process of exchange between seller & buyer.

It involves a number of inter related activities designed to plan promote, distribute
& price a product or service in order to meet the wants & needs of both the
parties in exchange.

Transaction via - Consumers & producer Philip Kotler defines marketing

as “The human activity directed at satisfying needs & wants through exchange
process.”

Marketing is the “creating and delivery of standard of living to the

society.” A total system of interacting the business activities designed to plan,
price promote & distribute want satisfying products & services to present &
potential customers.

According to the committee of American marketing association,

Marketing consists of performance of business activity that direct the flow of
goods and services from producers or supplier to the consumers and users.
 MARKETING FUNCTION
ANALYSIS
Marketing is only function which directly deals with consumer. The
heart of modern marketing is creating customer values and satisfaction. The
common definition of marketing is delivery of customer satisfaction Profit. The
main goal of marketing is to attract new consumer by providing superior values
and to keep current customer by delivery satisfaction.

Marketing is so basic that it can’t be consider a separate function. It is

the whole business seen from the viewpoint of its final result that is from the
customer viewpoint.

Marketing is the analysis planning implementation and control of

programmers designed to bring about desired exchanges with target audiences
for the purpose of personal mutual gain. It relies heavily on the adoption and co-
ordination of product, price, promotion and place for achieving effective response.
 AREA DEPOT

1. Ahmedabad (Gujarat)
2. Baroda (Gujarat)
3. Surat (Gujarat)
4. Bangalore (Karnataka)
5. Manglore (Karnataka)
6. Hubli (Karnataka)
7. Chandigarh (Punjab)
8. New Delhi (Delhi)
9. Ghaziabad (U.P.)
10. Guwahati (Assam)
11. Indore (M.P.)
12. Bhopal (M.P.)
13. Jaipur (Rajasthan)
14. Jodhpur (Rajasthan)
15. Kolkata (West Bengal)
16. Mumbai (Maharashtra)
17. Nagpur (Maharashtra)
18. Pune (Maharashtra)
19. Secunderabad (A.P.)
 CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION

Most producers use intermediaries to bring their product to market. They

try to force a distribution channel. “A set of interdependent organization involved
in the process of making a product or services available for use or consumption
by the consumer or business users.” Number of the intermediate shows the
length of the distribution channel.

DIRECT MARKETING CHANNEL:

Direct marketing channel has no intermediary levels. It consists of a
company selling directly to the consumers.

INDIRECT MARKETING CHANNEL:

Indirect marketing channels have one or more than one intermediaries
levels. As above diagram all the distribution channels level except channel the
examples of indirect marketing channels.

Now, we will discuss that Crystal is using which types of distribution channel.
Crystal is using both types of Marketing Channel.
(1) Indirect marketing channel
(2) Direct marketing channel
CRYSTAL DISTRIBUTION
CHANNEL

CRYSTAL
CERAMIC
INDUSTRIES PVT.
LTD.

AREA DEPOT

DISTRIBUTERS

RETAILERS

CONSUMER
 MARKET SEGMENTATION

“Marketing segmentation is the sub dividing of a market in to distinguish

sub set of customers, where any subsets of customers may be selected as a
target market to be reached with distinguish marketing mix.”

In segmenting markets, markets can apply Geographic, Demographic &

Psychographic variable related to consumer characteristics as well as Behavioral
variables related to consumer responses.
A. GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATION:

Geographic segmentation calls for dividing the market into different

geographic units such as: nations, states, regions, countries, cities or
neighborhoods.

A Company may decide to operate in one or a few geographical area, or

to operate in all areas but pay attention to local variations in geographic
difference in needs and wants.

B. DEMOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATION:

Demographic segmentation dividing market into group based on

demographic variable such as age, gender, family size, family life style, income,
occupation, education, religion, generation and nationality.

1. Age And Lifecycle Segmentation

2. Gender Segmentation
3. Income Segmentation
⇒ AGE AND LIFE CYCLE SEGMENT:

Age & life cycle segmentation offering different product or using different
market approaches for different age & lifecycle groups.

⇒ GENDER SEGMENTATIN:

Gender segmentation dividing a market into different groups based on

gender. Gender segmentation has long been used in Clothing, cosmetics and
magazines.

⇒ INCOME SEGMENTATION:
Income segmentation divides a market into different income groups.
The marketers of products and services such as automobiles, boats, clothing,
cosmetics, financial services and travel have long used income segmentation.

Crystal has adopted geographic segmentation. The high-class people used

Alaska platinum tiles and lower Class people used Alaska silver.
MARKET RESERCH CHART

Define the problem and

research objective

Develop the research plan

Collect the information

Analyze the information

Present the findings

Make the decision

 MARKET RESERCH PROCESS
“Marketing research as the systematic design, collection, analysis, and
reporting of data and finding relevant to specific marketing situation facing the
company.” Marketing research process as under:
A. DEFINE THE PROBLEM AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:

Problems should not be defined either too broadly or too narrowly. A

very broad or vague definition leads to excessive wastage of resources. Too
narrow a definition leads to inadequate data or information that is to help take an
effective decision.
• What is to be researched ( the content, the scope) and
• Why is it to be researched ( the decision that are to be made)

B. DEVELOP THE RESEARCH PLAN:

The second stage of marketing research requires develop the most

efficient plan for gathering the needed information. This involves decision on the
sources, research approaches, research instruments, sampling plan, and contact
methods.

C. COLLECT THE INFORMATION:

Four major problems arise:
• Some respondents will not be at home and must be contacted again or
replaced.
• Other respondents will refuse to co-operate
• Others will give biased or dishonest answers
• Some interviewers will be based or dishonest
D. ANALYZE THE INFORMATION:

The researcher tabulates the data and develops frequency distributions.

Averages and measures of dispersion are computed for the major variables. The
researcher will also apply some advanced statistical techniques and decision
models in the hope of discovering additional findings.

E. PRESENT THE FINDINGS:

The researcher should present findings that are relevant to major

marketing decisions facing management.

F. MAKE THE DECISION:

Depending on their confidence in the finding, managers decide to use

it, discard it, or carry out more research.
 CONCLUSION

Bachelor of business administration students have to visit any industrial

place and after completing this visit they have to prepare a project report on this
organization. I have visited crystal ceramic and complete my industrial tour. I
have to prepare the project report on the daily work of crystal ceramic. I have
included all the related information about the company.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

I have referred following things for complete of my project:

 The website : www.cryatalsahara.com

 The information given by the company
 The booklet of the company about the finance department