ROSOL ENERGY PVT. LTD.

SUMMER INTERNSHIP 2017

PROJECT REPORT

G . B PANT GOVT. ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Okhla Phase 3 Delhi - 110020, Delhi (INDIA)
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to GGSIPU , Delhi )

Submitted to:-

VARUN ROY (CO-FOUNDER)

(ROSOL ENERGY PVT LTD)

Submitted by:-
i. SHIVAM (ECE 7thsem - 03020902814 )
ii. PAWAN PATHAK (ECE 7thsem - 02420902814)
iii. MANDEEP (MAE 7thsem -00420907415)
iv. SANJAY KUMAR PRASAD (MAE 7thsem 07320903614)
v. MANISH (MAE 7thsem -02020903614)
 CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project/training report entitled Designing and Installation of

Solar Power Plant submitted by Pawan Pathak , Sanjay Kumar, Mandeep ,
Shivam , Manish , student of Mechanical and Automation Engineering / Electronics
and Communication Engineering, G .B Pant Govt. Engineering college, Delhi in the
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Bachelors of Technology (
MAE , ECE ) , is a record of students own study carried under my supervision and
guidance.

Mr. Varun Roy

Co- founder of ROSOL PVT. LTD

 INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION
2. SOLAR ENERGY
3. BENEFITS OF SOLAR ENERGY
4. APPLICATION AND POSSIBLITIES
5. SOLAR IN DOMESTIC USE
6. SOLAR IN COMMERCIAL USE
7. PHOTOVOLTICS
8. FTC AND ETC
9. ROOF LAYOUT
10. SERVICES AND PRODUCTS BY ROSOL
11. FUTURE OF SOLAR IN INDIA
12. TOTAL INSTALLATION IN INDIA
13. CAREER IN SOLAR ENERGY
14. BIBLOGRAPHY
 INTRODUCTION

Our main initiative is whole world switch to green energy. In

current scenario whole world face energy and fuel crisis in
present situation the liquid fuel is consume rapidly so , that a
time is come where we are thinking about alternate energy
source all the researcher advice the importance of solar energy
in future time . In our sourrounding a huge amount of green
energy is 4ressuriz in the form of Solar light. The main motive of
our organization is how to ultize these sun light source in our
daily routine . Whole world knows importance of solar energy ,
after that our organization established plan which is ultization of
solar energy into electrical energy.Rosol manufactured several
product those are work on solar energy.
 SOLAR ENERGY

Solar Energy is the energy emitted by the sun in the form of light
and heat and harnessed by the technologies (such as
photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar heating etc.) to make
it work as per requirement.

Solar energy can be harnessed in two from either in electricity

by using PV (Photovoltaics) or in heat energy by using FPC (Flat
Plate Collector) or ETC (Evacuated Tube Collector) to heat the
water by the heat obtained from the sun.
 BENEFITS OF SOLAR ENERGY

Going solar can low your heavy electricity bills and saves
money.
Free or low-cost energy for a lifetime, investment in solar is
a one-time investment.
solar can fulfill the need of energy of peoples living in rural
or remote areas where the basic need of energy cannot be
provided.
it is a reliable source of energy. Rising and setting of the sun
is consistent all over the world, and this makes solar energy
an extremely consistency source of energy.
Solar Power provides energy independence, the fuel of
solar can not be bought and monopolized, it is free for all.
Going solar can be your contribution toward this nature, it
helps in slowing/ stopping global warming.
 APPLICATION AND POSSIBLITIES
solar has a wide area of application, it is widely adopting in
residential and commercial areas for the fulfillment of energy
needs. In residential areas, solar energy is harnessed to generate
electricity and heat water for home use.

Some of the major application of solar energy are as follows: (a)

Solar water heating (b) Solar heating of buildings (c) Solar
distillation (d) Solar pumping I Solar drying of agricultural and
animal products (f) Solar furnaces (g) Solar cooking (h) Solar
electric power generation (i) Solar thermal power production (j)
Solar green houses.

E. Solar Water Heating:

A solar water heating unit comprises a blackened flat plate metal

collector with an associated metal tubing facing the general
direction of the sun. The plate collector has a transparent glass
cover above and a layer of thermal insulation beneath it.
The metal tubing of the collector is connected by a pipe to an
insulated tank that stores hot water during cloudy days. The
collector absorbs solar radiations and transfers the heat to the
water circulating through the tubing either by gravity or by a
pump.

This hot water is supplied to the storage tank via the associated
metal tubing. This system of water heating is commonly used in
hotels, guest houses, tourist bungalows, hospitals, canteens as
well as domestic and industrial units.

(b) Solar Heating of Buildings:

Solar energy can be used for space heating of buildings in many

ways namely:

(a) Collecting the solar radiation by some element of the building

itself i.e. solar energy is admitted directly into the building
through large South-facing windows.

(b) Using separate solar collectors which may heat either water
or air or storage devices which can accumulate the collected
solar energy for use at night and during inclement days.
When the building requires heat then from these collectors or
storage devices, the heat is transferred by conventional
equipment such as fan, ducts, air outlets, radiators and hot air
registers etc. to warm up the living spaces of a building.

When the building does not require heat, the heated air or water
from the collector can be moved to the heat storage device such
as well insulated water tank or other heat holding material. For
inclement days, an auxiliary heating system using gas, oil or
electricity is required as a backup system.

I Solar-distillation:

In arid semi and or coastal areas there is scarcity of potable

water. The abundant sunlight in these areas can be used for
converting saline water into potable distilled water by the
method of solar distillation. In this method, solar radiation is
admitted through a transparent air tight glass cover into a
shallow blackened basin containing saline water.

Solar radiation passes through the covers and is absorbed and

converted into heat in the blackened surface causing the water
to evaporate from the brine (impure saline water). The vapors
produced get condensed to form purified water in the cool
interior of the roof.

The condensed water flows down the sloping roof and is

collected in the troughs placed at the bottom and from there
into a water storage tank to supply potable distilled water in
areas of scarcity, in colleges, school science laboratories,
defense labs, petrol pumps, hospitals and pharmaceutical
industries. Per liter distilled water cost obtained by this system
is cheaper than distilled water obtained by other electrical
energy-based processes.

(d) Solar-pumping:

In solar pumping, the power generated by solar-energy is utilized

for pumping water for irrigation purposes. The requirement for
water pumping is greatest in the hot summer months which
coincide with the increased solar radiations during this period
and so this method is most appropriate for irrigation purpose.
During periods of inclement weather when solar radiations are
low then the requirement for water pumping is also relatively
less as the transpiration losses from the crops are also low.

I Solar Drying of Agricultural and Animal Products:

This is a traditional method of 11ressuriz solar energy for drying

of agricultural and animal products. Agricultural products are
dried in a simple cabinet dryer which consists of a box insulated
at the base, painted black on the inner side and covered with an
inclined transparent sheet of glass.

At the base and top of the sides ventilation holes are provided to
facilitate the flow of air over the drying material which is placed
on perforated trays inside the cabinet. These perforated trays or
racks are carefully designed to provide controlled exposure to
solar radiations.

Solar drying, especially of fruits improves fruit quality as the

sugar concentration increases on drying. Normally soft fruits are
particularly vulnerable to insect attack as the sugar content
increases on drying but in a fruit dryer considerable time is saved

by quicker drying minimizing gap the chances of insect attack.

The present practice of drying chilies by spreading them on the
floor not only requires a lot of open space and manual labour for
material handling but it becomes difficult to maintain its quality
and taste unless drying is done in a controlled atmosphere.
Moreover, the products being sun dried very often get spoiled
due to sudden rains, dust storms or by birds. Besides, reports
reveal that it is not possible to attain very low moisture content
in the sun-dried chilies.

As a result, the chilies become prone to attack by fungi and

bacteria. In sun-drying sometimes, the produce is over dried and
its quality is lost. Solar energy operated dryer helps to overcome
most of these disadvantages.

Other agricultural products commonly solar-dried are potato-

chips, berseem, grains of maize and paddy, ginger, peas, pepper,
cashew-nuts, timber and veneer drying and tobacco curing.
Spray drying of milk and fish drying are examples of solar dried
animal products.

(f) Solar Furnaces:

In a Solar furnace, high temperature is obtained by
concentrating the solar radiations onto a specimen using a
number of heliostats (turn-able mirrors) arranged on a sloping
surface. The solar furnace is used for studying the properties of
ceramics at extremely high temperatures above the range
measurable in laboratories with flames and electric currents.

Heating can be accomplished without any contamination and

temperature can be easily controlled by changing the position of
the material in focus. This is especially useful for metallurgical
and chemical operations. Various property measurements are
possible on an open specimen. An important future application
of solar furnaces is the production of nitric acid and fertilizers
from air.

(g) Solar Cooking:

A variety of fuel like coal, kerosene, cooking gas, firewood, dung

cakes and agricultural wastes are used for cooking purposes. Due
to the energy crisis, supply of these fuels are either deteriorating
(wood, coal, kerosene, cooking gas) or are too precious to be
wasted for cooking purposes (cow dung can be better used as
manure for improving soil fertility). This necessitated the use of
solar energy for cooking purposes and the development of solar
cookers. A simple solar cooker is the flat plate box type solar
cooker.

It consists of a well insulated metal or wooden box which is

blackened from the inner side. The solar radiations entering the
box are of short wavelength. As higher wavelength radiations are
unable to pass through the glass covers, the re-radiation from
the blackened interior to outside the box through the two glass
covers is 14ressuriz, thereby 14ressurize the heat loss.

The heat loss due to convection is 14ressuriz by making the box

airtight. This is achieved by providing a rubber strip between the
upper lid and the box for mini14ressur the heat loss due to
conduction, the space between the blackened tray and outer
cover of the box is filled with an insulting material like glass wool,
saw-dust, paddy husk etc.
When placed in sunlight, the solar rays penetrate the glass
covers and are absorbed by the blackened surface thereby
resulting in an increase in temperature inside the box. Cooking
pots blackened from outside are placed in the solar box.

The uncooked food gets cooked with the heat energy produced
due to increased temperature of the solar box. Collector area of
such a solar cooker can be increased by providing a plane

reflector mirror. When this reflector is adjusted to reflect the

sun rays into the box, then a 15C to 25C rise in temperature is

achieved inside the cooker box.

The solar cooker requires neither fuel nor attention while

cooking food and there is no pollution, no charring or
overflowing of food and the most important advantage is that
nutritional value of the cooked food is very high as the vitamins
and natural tastes of the food are not destroyed.

Maintenance cost of the solar cooker is negligible. The main

disadvantage of the solar cooker is that the food cannot be
cooked at night, during cloudy days or at short notice. Cooking

takes comparatively more time and chapattis cannot be cooked

in a solar cooker.

(h) Solar Electric Power Generation:

Electric energy or electricity can be produced directly from solar

energy by means of photovoltaic cells. The photovoltaic cell is an
energy conversion device which is used to convert photons of
sunlight directly into electricity. It is made of semi conductors
which absorb the photons received from the sun, creating free
electrons with high energies.

These high energy free electrons are induced by an electric field,

to flow out of the semiconductor to do useful work. This electric

field in photovoltaic cells is usually provided by a p-n junction of

materials which have different electrical properties. There are

different fabrication techniques to enable these cells to achieve
maximum efficiency.
These cells are arranged in parallel or series combination to form
cell modules. Some of the special features of these modules are
high reliability, no expenditure on fuel, minimum cost of
maintenance, long life, portability, modularity, pollution free
working etc.

Photovoltaic cells have been used to operate irrigation pumps,

rail road crossing warnings, navigational signals, highway
emergency call systems, automatic meteorological stations etc.
in areas where it is difficult to lay power lines.

They are also used for weather monitoring and as portable

power sources for televisions, calculators, watches, computer
card readers, battery charging and in satellites etc. Besides these,
photovoltaic cells are used for the 17ressurized17 of pump sets
for irrigation, drinking water supply and for providing electricity
in rural areas i.e. street lights etc.

F. Solar Thermal Power Production:

Solar thermal power production means the conversion of solar

energy into electricity through thermal energy. In this procedure,
solar energy is first 18ressuri to heat up a working fluid, gas,
water or any other volatile liquid. This heat energy is then
converted into mechanical energy m a turbine. Finally a conven-
tional generator coupled to a turbine converts this mechanical
energy into electrical energy.

Production of Power through Solar Ponds:

A solar pond is a natural or artificial body of water 18ressuri for

collecting and absorbing solar radiation and storing it as heat. It
is very shallow (5-10 cm deep) and has a radiation absorbing
(black plastic) bottom. It has a curved fibre glass cover over it to
permit the entry of solar radiation but reduces losses by radia-
tion and convection (air movement). Loss of heat to the ground
is 18ressuriz by providing a bed of insulating material under the
pond.

Solar ponds 18ressur water for collecting and storing the solar
energy which is used for many applications such as space heating,
industrial process heating and to generate electricity by driving
a turbine powered by evaporating an organic fluid with a low
boiling point.

(j) Solar Green Houses:

A green house is a structure covered with transparent material

(glass or plastic) that acts as a solar collector and 19ressuri solar
radiant energy to grow plants. It has heating, cooling and
ventilating devices for controlling the temperature inside the
green house.

Solar radiations can pass through the green house glazing but the
thermal radiations emitted by the objects within the green
house cannot escape through the glazed surface. As a result, the
radiations get trapped within the green house and result in an
increase in temperature.

As the green house structure has a closed boundary, the air

inside the greenhouse gets enriched with CO2 as there is no

mixing of the greenhouse air with the ambient air. Further, there
is reduced moisture loss due to restricted transpiration. All these
features help to sustain plant growth throughout the day as well
as during the night and all year round.
 SOLAR ENERGY IN DOMESTIC USE
Solar energy are highly adopting for fulfilling power need of
home. Homeowners who understood the potential and future
of solar energy have already invested in this sector for there
home. Nowadays energy is the basic need of home. For human
its very hard to imagine life without this basic thing. From tv
remote to Air-conditioner, mobile,washing machine, television,
and everything or every stuff of human comfort needs power to
operate and this costs. To full fill this need of all human we
need an ultimate and and cheaply available source of energy
and one such kind of source is our sun. Investing in solar is one
time investment and this can cut down ones heavy electric bill
to a greater extent.

In nowadays many house-owners already switched to solar for

the need of electricity and hot water.
 SOLAR IN COMMERCIAL USE
The same principals apply, although with few exceptions,
commercial applications are grid-intertied, whereas many
residential solar electric systems are off-grid, or totally

independent of utility-generated electric power. Commercial

solar gridtie inverters matched with arrays of larger wattage

solar panels (the same ones that work for residential solar power
systems) provide power for all sorts of commercial applications,
from remote traffic controls and telecommunications, to oil and
gas industry applications, to solar electric systems for large
municipal, school and government facilities.

Solar panels are mounted on a roof structure or on the

grounds of the commercial facility, or are used as the roof
structure over a parking lot.
The power created by sunlight on solar cells is sent to a
device called an inverter which converts the DC power from
the solar panels into AC power identical to that being sent
 to you from the utility grid. Commercial inverters are

available in a wide variety of power levels, from 2.5 kW to

250 kW, tailored to meet the requirements of any
commercial application. Single phase and three phase
products, with line voltage auto-detection, are designed to
minimize power loss during the conversion

process. Passive cooling eliminates the needs for fans,

reducing maintenance costs. 10-year parts and labor

warranties are standard for inverters; 20 25 year

warranties are standard for solar panels.

Power travels from the inverter to the electrical service
panel at the breaker box, where it is distributed to electrical
loads throughout the facility.
Excess power produced by the solar panels flows into the
grid through your electric meter, causing your meter to run
backwards and gaining your business a credit with the utility
company.
 Net metering is an agreement between you and your utility

company. The agreement states that the utility company

will credit your account for excess electricity produced and

fed into the utility grid.
If you install a time-of-use-meter, you may be credited for

power at different ratespeak or off-peak rates. Rates

depend on the time of day, day of the week, and month of

the year. Peak periods are usually weekday summer

afternoons. When you send power to the utility grid during

peak power times, you may receive credit at the higher

peak rate. When you draw on your credit at off-peak times,

you will be debited at off-peak rates.

Most businesses will benefit by installing the time-of-use
meter.
 PHOTOVOLTICS
Solar PV module are used for generating Direct current by using
sun rays and its further converted in Alternate current with help
of solar inverter to use in house and in commercial are.

Types of Solar PV Module

Monocrystalline

The main material of Monocrystalline solar PV module is silicon

atoms and cutting out wafer shape. These silicon atoms are
arrange in series. When sun rays are incident over the panel
these atom exact energy from sun rays and move free inside the
panel due to movement of these electron ,the DC current is
generate.

Advantages

Monocrystalline panels are generally constructed from high-

quality silicon, giving them the highest performance rates in the
industry, usually up to 17 %. By comparison, monocrystalline
panels outperform thin film by four to one.

Warranties often last for 25 years, and these panels perform

better in low-light conditions than their poly-counterparts.

Disadvantages

The disadvantages of this panel type are significant:

Because they are high-quality, these panels are also costly.

Circuit break down is common when the panel is obstructed or
shaded. The manufacturing process produces significant waste.
The panels perform best in warm weather, with performance
decreasing as temperatures increase.

Polycrystalline

While monocrystalline and polycrystalline panels are both

manufactured from silicon, instead of cutting out wafer shapes,
manufacturers pour silicon into a mold to form polycrystalline
panels.

Advantages
High temperature ratings are slightly lower than those for
monocrystalline panels; however, the difference is minor,
making these types of panels a good option for many
homeowners.The manufacturing process produces little waste,
and the technology allows for a cost-effective panel.

Disadvantages

Efficiency is lower, typically between 13 16 %, which is not

nearly as high as the ratings for monocrystalline panels.The
panels require more space when installed to produce the same
electrical output as a panel constructed from monocrystalline.

Thin film

Manufacturers construct thin-film solar panels by putting down

layer upon layer of a photovoltaic element, such as amorphous
silicon or organic photovoltaic cells.

Advantages

The advantages of thin-film panels are many but generally dont

outweigh the disadvantages. These panels are lightweight, they
are generally immune to problems from shading or obstructions
and low-light conditions generally dont hinder their
performance. These panels are easy to mass produce, so they
are an affordable option.

Disadvantages

On the other hand, thin-film solar panels come with a number of

weighty downsides, including these:

Efficiency. Most thin-film panels score very low in terms of

performance, hovering between 7 and 13 percent, with an
average operating efficiency of about 9 percent.

Space. These panels generally require a lot of space. For

commercial applications, they often make sense. For most
residential installations, where space is tight, they dont work.

Cost. Due to the number of panels required for this type of

system, associated costs are also higher because youll need to
purchase more support elements, cables and so forth to
accommodate the system.
Life span. In most cases, thin-film panels dont last long and
quickly succumb to the effects of weatherization. You typically
wont find a manufacturer offering a long warranty to go along
with a thin-film panel.
 FTC AND ETC
Solar water heater is a device that uses sun heat energy to heat
water. The hot water is one of our basic need, but it is costly.
Solar water heater is the best solution of this problem. It uses
only solar energy to give hot water at 60C to 80C.

The main components of a solar water heater are:

1. Solar Collector
2. Insulated hot water storage tank and
3. Cold water tank with required insulated hot water pipelines
and accessories.

The solar water heater has a wide range of variety. It can covers
from domestic, commercial to industrial needs.
Depending upon type of collector solar hot water system are of
two types:

G. FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR (FPC) SOLAR WATER HEATER:-

A flat plate collector is a simple type of solar water heater. It is

abbreviated as FPC. It consists of a metallic flat plate generally
aluminium or copper. The metallic sheet is coated with black to
absorbs more heat. This results in increase in efficiency. This
sheet consist of several parallel copper pipes throughout its
length. This assembly is covered with a glass sheet.

Working:-
The working of FPC is very simple. As can be seen in fig. the
cold water tank stores a suitable amount of water. The cold
water from tank comes into insulated hot water storage tank.
From this insulated tank the cold water comes in copper pipe
attached to absorber metallic sheet. This metallic plate absorbs
the solar heat and thus heat the copper pipes together with
water. Due to lower density of hot water comparatively to cold
water, the hot water rises to insulated tank. In like manner the
hot water remains above the cold water in the insulated tank.
The process is goes on until the insulated tank and plate water
comes in equilibrium. Now we can use this hot water for any
purpose.

2.) EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTOR (ETC) SOLAR WATER

HEATER:-

The evacuated tube collector is also a type of solar water

heater. It is abbreviated as ETC. This system consist of vacuum
tubes made of borosilicate glass. The glass has a special coating
to absorbs the solar energy.

Thus of course vacuum tube is the main component which

absorbs solar energy. The vacuum tube is an assembly of two
concentric, borosilicate glass tubes.

Working:

The working of ETC solar water heater is same as FPC type. As

shown above the cold water form cold storage tank enters into
insulated tank. This cold water now enters into vacuum tube.
Similarly to flat plate the vacuum tubes absorbs the solar heat
energy. Thus the vacuum tube heats the cold water. Now this
hot water due to its lower density move up to insulated tank. In
like manner the hot water remains above the cold water in the
insulated tank, as well as in vacuum tubes. The process is goes
on until the insulated tank and plate water comes in
equilibrium. Now we can use this hot water for any purpose.

Both the FPC as well as EPC system can give a temp. range
of 60C to 80C. But the efficiency of ETC system is more
compare to FPC system due to less lose. Similarly the life of FPC
is more compare to ETC.
ROOF LAYOUT
 SERVICES AND PRODUCTS BY ROSOL
All knows the potential of solar energy and benefits, rosol is
contributed by providing solar related services and solar
products .

H. SOLAR AIR-CONDITIONING

Solar air-conditioning means air conditioning ( cooling ) system

is done by help of solar energy. This can be done through solar
energy conversion with help of photovoltaic cells or solar
module into electricity . The generated electricity is used
further in Air-conditioning for cooling purpose.

How solar air-conditioning system works:

An solar air-conditioning system consists main five units. These

are :
 Solar module : It is a major component of solar air-
conditioning ,the main function of solar module is conversion
of sun light into direct current . Generally we are using poly
crystalline silicon solar module it has 17 % efficiency it is
mounted over the roof house.

Evaporator : The main function of evaporator is exerts heat

from the substance and reduced the mean temperature of
substance . The evaporator is used for cooling purposes.

Condenser : The main purpose of condenser is removes all

heat from the refrigent and cool down the temperature of
refrigent gas.
 Compressor : The main function of compressor is compress
the vapour form of refrigent and pass to condenser.

Features of solar air-conditioning :

High efficiency.

LED display and Quiet Running.

Branded compressor ( Hitachi or GMCC )

Golden coating heat exchanges

The AC can run 100% on solar panels ( upto 5 6 hours a

day ).

Air-condit Solar operated Ordinary

ioner
Wattage 950 1800
Energy use per year 1900 units 3600 units
(unit)
Electricity per year* 13,300/- 25,200 /-
*cost of electricity 7/units. Up to 200 units.
 E. SOLAR AIR COOLER

Solar air cooler is demanded solar product in market. Its cheap

and easy available due to these reason it is first choice for every
middle class families. It has low power consumption means
saving electricity bill. Due to low power consumption as
compare to ordinary air cooler consumer switch solar air
cooler.

Features of solar air cooler :

Total Voltage : 48 watt

Motor type : DC Brushless motor

Winding type : copper winding

 Body Available : Iron and ABS body.

Input voltage : 12 Volt DC current.

Tank capacity : 20- 35 liters

Height of cooler : 3 feet

RPM of fan : 1600 rpm

Air Deflection : 2 4 way

Blade size : 16 inches.

The AC can run 100% on solar panels ( upto 6-7 hrs a day)

Air cooler Solar operated Ordinary

Wattage 48 200
Energy ues per 192 units 800 units
year(units)
Electricity per 1248/- 5,200/-
year*
*cost of electricity 6.5 / units

Usage 20 hours a day for 200 days in year.

3.SOLAR CEILING FANS :

Solar ceiling fans is our cheapest product its work on DC ( direct

current ) . An solar module is directly connected with ceiling
fan . Its cost effective and less power consumption. Solar
module convert sun light into DC current then further DC
current is use for operating the ceiling fan.

Features of solar ceiling fan :

Low voltage input reduce electricity bill.

Super Energy efficient Brushless DC motor is use.

Runs 3 times longer on inverter.

 Power : 25 watt

Speed of blade : 300 340 rpm.

Air speed : 230 meter/second

This AC can run 100% on solar panels

( upto 7 8 hours a day ).

Ceiling fan Solar operated Ordinary

Wattage 25 75
Energy use per 150 units 450 units
year(unit)
Electricity per year 975/- 2,995/-
*
*cost of electricity 6.5 /units

Usage 20 hours a day for 300 fays in year.

4. SOLAR HOME LIGHTING SYSTEM :

Solar home lighting are raised light source which are powered
by solar module it is generally mounted over the roof or over
the structure.

Features of home lighting systems :

Solar module : 60 watt.

2 LED bulb : 5 watt ( each ).

1 USB Port.

1 Portable table fan: 15 watt.

Speed of fan : 300 330 rpm.

 Solar battery : 12 V , 40 Ah ( ampere hours).

Cable sets with switch.

Home lighting Solar operated Ordinary

system
Wattage 55 105
Energy use per year 330 630
( unit )
Electricity per year* 2145/- 4290/-
*cost of electricity 6.5 / unit
5. SOLAR WATER HEATER

Solar water heater system can be a cost effective way to

generate hot water in your home. They can be used in any
climate conditions either in sunshine or free from sunshine.

Working principal of solar water heater:

Solar water heating system include storage tanks and solar

module.

Solar water heating system :

 Direct circulation system

Pump circulate household water through the collectors and

into the home . They work well in climate where it rarely
freezes.

Indirect circulation system

Pumps circulate a non- freezing ,heat transfer fluid through the

collector and a heat exchange . The heats the water that then
flow into the home.

Technical specifications of Flat Plate Collector:

FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR

SI.
PARTICULARS SPECIFICATION
NO.
1 Section 1.2mm thick Aluminum
2 Back sheet 0.46 mm thick Aluminum
3 Insulation Fiber Glass wool
4 Foil 0.05 mm thick Aluminum
Ultrasonic welded with Nalsun
Flat plate collector coating.
5
fins (9 Nos) Copper pipe 24 SWG, Aluminum
strip 0.20mm
6 Header pipe Copper 24 SWG
1000 X 2000 X 4mm clear
7 Glazing
toughened glass
8 Glass beeding E.P.D.M. Rubber
9 Fasteners Stainless steel
10 Grommets E.P.D.M Rubber
11 Flanges Brass
12 Finishing Powder coating
 Tank:

Inner tank: 1.2mm C.R.C.A sheet with co2 welding inside

coated with prime guard coating / 2.5mm for 48ressurized
systems.
Connecting pipes: SS.
Insulation: 50 mm thick PUF.
Outer Cladding: Precoated laminated sheet (colour: Half white).
End Caps: GI with PP coating.
Support Structure: Mild Steel with powder coating.
 FUTURE OF SOLAR IN INDIA
Indian government understood the potential and future of solar
and its working hard to switch toward this clean and green
source of energy. Indian government is organizing many events
to aware people about this green and free source of energy.
And to make this approachable to all the citizens, indian
government is providing subsidy.

MISSION OF INDIAN GOVERNMENT AND MINISTRY

1. Energy Security: Lesser dependence on oil imports through

development and deployment of alternate fuels (hydrogen,
bio-fuels and synthetic fuels) and their applications to
contribute towards bridging the gap between domestic oil
supply and demand;
2. Increase in the share of clean power: Renewable (bio, wind,
hydro, solar, geothermal & tidal) electricity to supplement
fossil fuel based electricity generation;
 3. Energy Availability and Access: Supplement energy needs of
cooking, heating, motive power and captive generation in
rural, urban, industrial and commercial sectors;
4. Energy Affordability: Cost-competitive, convenient, safe,
and reliable new and renewable energy supply options; and
5. Energy Equity: Per-capita energy consumption at par with
the global average level by 2050, through a sustainable and
diverse fuel- mix.

MNRE TARGET BY 2022

 TOTAL INSTALLAON IN INDIA
INSTALLED AS ON March 2015 March 2016 JAN 2017 MARCH 2017 TOTAL
Rajasthan 942.1 1,269.93 1,317.64 1,812.93
Punjab 185.27 405.06 592.35 793.06
Uttar Pradesh 71.26 143.5 269.26 336.74
Uttarakhand 5 41.15 45.1 233.5
NORTHERN REGION Haryana 12.8 15.39 73.27
Delhi 5.47 14.28 38.78
Jammu and Kashmir 0 1 1
Chandigarh 4.5 6.81 16.2
Himachal Pradesh 0 0.2 0.33 8,653.88
Gujarat 1,000.05 1,119.17 1,159.76 1,249.37
Maharashtra 360.75 385.76 430.46
Chhattisgarh 7.6 93.58 135.19
WESTERN REGION Madhya Pradesh 558.58 776.37 850.35
D&N 0 0 0.6
Goa 0 0 0.05
Daman & Diu 0 4 4 8,135.64
Tamil Nadu 142.58 1,061.82 1,590.97 1,691.83
Andhra Pradesh 137.85 572.97 979.65 1,867.23
STATE Telangana 167.05 527.84 1,073.41 1,286.98
SOUTHERN REGION
Kerala 0.03 13.05 15.86
Karnataka 77.22 145.46 341.93 1,027.84
Puducherry 0.2 0.2 0.03 12,722.00
Bihar 0 5.1 95.91
Odisha 31.76 66.92 77.64
EASTERN REGION Jharkhand 16 16.19 17.51
West Bengal 7.21 7.77 23.07
Sikkim 0 0 0.01 365.09
Assam 0 0 11.18
Tripura 5 5 5.02
Arunachal Pradesh 0.03 0.27 0.27
NORTH EASTERN REGION Mizoram 0 0 0.01
Manipur 0 0 0.1
Meghalya 0 0 0.01
Nagaland 0 0 0.5 27.39
Andaman & Nicobar 5.1 5.1 5.4
INSLANDS AND OTHERS Lakshadweep 0.75 0.75 0.75
Others 0 58.31 61.7 138.37
TOTAL 3744.16 6762.95 9235.27 10299.48 30042.37
 MAJOR SOLAR POWER PLANT OF
INDIA
Solar power generation is one of the greatest advancement in
recent years as of the present details India generates 12.29GW
through Solar Power Plants installed in different states of India.
The generation capacity of these plants has risen from just 2.650
Mega Watt electricity generations in the year 2014 to double
12,889 megawatt as per government based information is
available. The change in ideology to install more and more solar
panels as India receives sunlight for 10 months of the year has
laid down the usage of coal as production unit thermal power
generation by 18%. If sources to be believed by the end of 2030,
India will manage to produce 80% of its need with the help of
Solar Power plant that will make the developing nation as the
self-sufficient electrical generation country and will possibly
outsource the electricity to its neighboring countries needing
support on part with power generation.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi gives great emphasis on power
generation through Solar Power Plant being the most effective

power generation option with just installing solar panels over an

area. In the article, we will tell you about the Top 10 Major Solar
Power Plants in India with their location and power generation
capacity.

1. Bhadla Solar Park, Rajasthan

With the honor of being one of the longest Solar Park in India;
Bhadla Solar Park is spread in the region of 10,000 acres region
that covers the region of Phalodi, Jodhpur of Rajasthan. The park
can produce one of the highest grids of electricity with the
production capacity of 2,225 MW. In the first phase after its
installation, NTPC auctioned 420MW of electricity in the split of
70MW consisting of six packages. On 22 February 2017 NTPC
announced it had commissioned 115MW capacity more in the
park and the count will increase for sure in future.

2. Ananthpuramu Ultra Mega Solar Park

The upcoming project in India will consist of 750MW generation

and this particular project will be the highest power plant in
Tamil Nadu. Reliance Group will surely try to develop some of
biggest Indias solar plants including this as their dream project
started.

3. Dhirubhai Ambani Solar Park, Rajasthan

In case you visited or stay in Rajasthan, you must know what

amount of heat the state receives during the year. The
installation process of Dhirubhai Ambani Solar Park was
completed in the year 2006, the wide park installed with solar
panels is located in Jodhpur region. The installed Solar Park has
got the capacity to produce 1000MW of electricity at the whole.

4. Welspun Solar MP Project

The Welspun Solar MP Project is known as the largest solar

power plant of the region Madhya Pradesh build at a cost of
1,100 crores and the area is spread over 305ha of land.

5. Kamuthi Solar Power Project, Tamil Nadu

As on 26 September 2016 Tamil Nadu-based Soler Power Project

is the highest installed solar plant panel that can absorb sunlight
to produce 648 MW, the installation of the newly started project
makes the share of the state in electricity generation 2,100
MW. This makes the share of renewable energy share in the
state 21 percent through solar power plant and the remaining
portion is followed up with wind energy. The plant costs 4,450
crores or USD 710 million cost as installation charge, adding this
giant project makes Tamil Nadu one of the few states to give
away coal as thermal power generation at the whole.

6. Sakri Solar Plant

Sakri Solar Plant located in Maharashtra is 1250 MW solar photo

voltaic power plant, the project was developed by Mahagenco in
Shivajinagar in Sakri taluka region of Maharashtra.

7. NP Kunta Ultra Mega Solar Park

Famed as the Ananthapur Ultra Mega Solar Park is spread over

the region of 7,924 acres. The solar park covers
Nambulapulakunta mandal in Ananthapur district of Andhra
Pradesh. This solar park is also called as the largest solar project
using domestically manufactured cells.

8. Kurnool Ultra Mega Solar Park by SB Energy, Andra Pradesh

The Solar Park located in Andhra Pradesh region is spread over

region 5,932 acres in the Kurnool District of Andhra Pradesh. The
project is implemented by Andhra Pradesh Solar Power
Corporation Private Limited powered by Solar Energy
Corporation of India. The park boasts of using 4 million solar
panels with capacity of each 315 watts.

9. Canal Solar Power Project, Gujarat

The project by Government of Gujarat and Sun Edision India was

commissioned as a pilot project and known as one of its kind to
start in India. The project is all about to utilize the area covered
as 19,000km long along with the canals of Narmada and utilizing
it as the source of power generation. Narendra Modi is chief
minister of the state inaugurated the 1MW pilot project on 24
April 2012 and at present, it helps to prevent evaporation of over
9,000,000 US gallons of Narmada Water through canals in form
of water electricity generation.

10. Gujarat Solar Park, Gujarat

Just like Rajasthan, Gujarat also stands as a leader in providing

abundant solar power generation in India. The solar park
commissioned by the state is located near the Village of
Charankana in Patan District. The park at present is generating
2MW of electricity of its total planned 500MW, in future by 2022
we can get the Gujarat Solar Park working at full capacity.
Gujarat is also planning to install solar panels near Narmada
Canals to generate some amount of Solar energy at the vacant
banks of Narmada.
 CAREER IN SOLAR ENERGY SECTOR
One of the fastest growing job markets is the solar industry. In
the coming years, solar careers will dominate the marketplace.

The best thing about solar jobs is that you can easily retool your
current knowledge base to fit into a rising green career.

In this section of our web site we discuss some of the career

opportunities in the Solar Energy Industry and provide you with
some resources to help you if this is an area you are interested
in looking into:

Solar Careers in Research

One of the very active areas is in the researching of new solar

technologies materials that can be used to produce electricity,
as well as new applications for solar energy (e.g., Solar Catalytix
develops personalized energy

There are tens of millions being invested by governments,

universities and companies annually in solar research and
testing. As we reported in our article Solar Patents, this is the
second biggest area of new patent filings.

Also keep in mind that research doesn't need to be limited to

research about technology there is a growing demand for
research about the market place, about the performance of
publicly traded solar energy stocks, in support of public policy
and much more.

Corporate Solar Careers

There are more than 140 different manufacturing companies

involved the solar industry producing such products as solar
panels, frames, inverters, solar lights, solar gadgets, etc.

Many of these companies are hiring people at all levels as sales

and production levels increase steadily to meet the growing
demand for solar products.

For example, there is a growing demand for Photovoltaic-PV

Fabrication Testing Technicians. A Photovoltaic Technician is
someone who tests and assembles solar cells into electricity-
generating solar panels. Photovoltaic cells are better known by
their media name "Solar Cells".

Additionally, given the rapid increase in worldwide demand and

production these companies need people that are experts in
purchasing, logistics, quality control, accounting, dealer reps,
customer service, investor relations, publicity, regulatory
compliance, etc.

Solar Careers in Marketing & Sales

One of the more high paying solar careers is sales. All products
need to be sold whether you are representing the
manufacturer and selling to wholesalers, retailers and installers
or are dealing directly with individuals who are interested in a
solar installation there is always a strong demand for capable
sales people.

When planning to step into the solar sales career, however,

certain requirements and credentials should be met.
Obviously, a good salesman is knowledgeable about the
products they sell as well as those of their competitors.

Solar Careers for Architects

More and more developers are incorporating solar energy into

the overall designs and with innovative new products such as
solar paint, SolarWindow, integrated building PV (BIPV) the
demand for architects knowledgeable about solar energy to
know how best to use these technologies and incorporate them
into the new building is growing rapidly.

Additionally, there is a big market for adding solar technology on

existing buildings and typically a part of every review is to look
at the structure and condition of the roof, especially on
commercial sized projects.

Already Solar Panels are being added to stadiums, government

buildings, commercial buildings, schools, airports, parking
garages, not to mention infrastructure projects, ships, and a
wide variety of locations and facilities.
Additionally, there are numerous ground based utility sized Solar
Parks being developed that need to be planned, laid out, etc.

This has given rise to the new position of Solar Operations

Engineer. A Solar Operations Engineer is essentially an architect
of new solar energy facilities. They design new solar systems,
supervise and inspect the structures during construction, then
test and monitor the new facilities.

Solar Careers as a Solar Installer

Installers are in high demand but be sure to check out the

licensing required in your area as some states (like
Massachusetts require the installers to have a strong electrical
background), and other area emphasize a building /
knowledgeable roofing background. In reality both are needed
although most of the budget is spent on attaching the PV
panels to the roof.

Some of the positions that are currently in demand include:

Solar & PV Installer-Roofer - These are the people who install
electricity-producing photovoltaic (PV) solar panels into the
roofs of residential and commercial homes and buildings.
Qualified, experienced Solar & PV Installer-Roofers are hard to
find, even in today's growing "green" technology economy.

Solar Hot Water Installer - A solar hot water installer designs,

installs, and maintains water-heating systems that harness the
sun's power. Solar heating systems harness the power of the
sun's radiation to heat water and spaces for domestic,
commercial, industrial, and other uses. Though the concept of
solar hot water and the products related thereto have been in
use for many years, the industry has seen rapid growth as
evidenced by upgraded products and advanced concepts that
continue to win converts to the benefits of solar energy.

Solar Radiant Heating Installer - Solar radiant heating installers,

install radiant heating appliances. Solar radiant heating systems
are probably the most effective method of using solar energy.
Not only is it used for heating domestic water, many
homeowners are now using solar energy to help heat their
homes.

Installer- Solar Thermal - Knowing how to install solar thermal

can be acquired through certification. However there are more
extensive programs that you can receive a bachelor's degree.
This may not be necessary at this time. If you have experience
with solar systems in pools, than this should be a good fit.

Besides doing residential installations check out the

opportunities to work on larger commercial and agricultural
projects, as well as large utility sized / ground based solar
installations. Sometimes these projects employ hundreds of
people, and the contracting companies frequently have a
backlog of jobs that need to be completed.

Having expertise with specific types of PV technologies can also

increase your demand and employment value.

Solar Careers in Consulting & Design

In Europe solar consultants are in high demand as they provide
valuable and independent advice regarding site selection,
technology, equipment configuration, and sometimes also
provide valuable information regarding sourcing of equipment,
recommending installers and even advice regarding financing
options.

Additionally, with constantly improving technology, changing

prices and availability, changing government policies and the
frequent introduction of new solar technologies, products, and
services being "an expert" who is up on the market is of great
value especially when you consider the high costs of a large
solar installation that will be lasting 25+ years.

Solar Careers in Financial & Legal Services

Almost all solar projects required financing, and this means that
banks, insurance companies, government policy makers, etc. all
require people knowledgeable about solar technology and
installations to evaluate these applications for financing.
To a large degree the availability of financing is a key to the
growth of the solar industry which means expanding jobs in
this area.

Additionally, because of the need for permitting, leasing of

property, long term contracts, etc. lawyers who specialize in
solar energy are also in demand, as are accountants,
bookkeepers and paralegal aides.

Solar Careers in Post Installation - Cleaning, Maintenance &

Upgrades

While solar panels don't require a lot of maintenance they do

need to be cleaned regularly, and monitored to make sure they
are working within the system design parameters.

Additionally, there are starting to be a number of upgrades

coming onto the market that keep the panels cleaner longer, and
even a film that can be placed onto existing solar panels to
increase efficiency.
With a life span of 25+ years for crystal silicon based solar panels
and slightly less for thin film that means long term contracts
and good job security.

Solar Careers in Real Estate & Appraisals

The real estate market in may parts of the world is in a huge

slump and a lot of property owners are looking for ways to
increase their income and increase their property values.

One way to do both is to add a solar installation or arrange for

the "leasing" of your roof top space to independent developers.
This is especially true in the commercial markets where there
is growing demand for roof-top space especially in markets
with attractive Feed in Tariffs

Additionally, in a market of shifting values being able to

determine the economic benefit of a solar installation on your
property may be key to getting the listing and making the sale.

It's also helpful to know the solar market when looking at the
potential value of certain properties because of the angle of the
roof to the sun, the amount of usable roof space, information
about solar incentives in the area, utility rates, and much more.

Another very profitable niche market for knowledgeable real

estate developers is preparing "shovel ready" solar sites that can
be sold to larger solar development companies.

For example because it frequently takes a long time to get all

the necessary approvals and permits for a large commercial site
developers are frequently willing to pay the developer a
substantial price to acquire the rights for a "ready to build" solar
site.

In Italy, where I live, ENEL (a big utility company) has set up a

specialized department that prepares site locations and then
sells them for big profits to solar developers.

Solar Careers in Education & Publishing

As this and other sites demonstrate there is a strong and growing

demand for valuable information about solar energy, solar
products, solar news, etc., and there are a number of websites
that cater to different niches in this market, as well as ebooks,
research reports, magazine articles, etc.

There is also a demand for teachers to offer classes and

programs in solar energy, and there is a big demand for solar
training classes, seminars, tradeshows, videos, etc.

Solar Careers in Government & Community Work

Currently most governments (UN, World Bank, Federal, state,

county, city, etc.) offer some form of incentives to promote the
adoption of solar energy (just as utility companies have been
receiving incentives for the past 100 years solar companies,
projects and customers are also receiving incentives of various
kinds).

Solar energy is one of the fastest growing markets and a major

source of new jobs, consequently governments need
knowledgeable people to develop solar policies, track the
industry, evaluate and approve applications, administer various
subsidy programs, provide industry oversight, etc., etc.
Additionally, many communities are establishing initiatives to
promote solar energy in their communities, and there are
starting to be some charities that see the advantages of
promoting solar energy as a way of improving the lives of the
nearly 2 Billion people on the planet who currently live without
electricity and all the benefits electricity brings.

Getting Started

There are a lot of great solar careers and job opportunities

available in the solar industry. It's also possible to improve your
career chances right where you are by adding "solar expertise"
to your CV as more and more companies switch to solar and
start adding solar energy products and services to what they
offer.

Here are five simple need-to-knows as you approach your search

for a solar career:

1) Process knowledge: A good understanding of solar energy

starts with a clear understanding of the basics of how electricity
and/or heat is generated. We cover this in detail in this web site.
2) Product knowledge: A basic understanding of the different
solar cell technologies that produce electricity and their relative
advantages and disadvantages is a great place to start.

We have already published an in-depth look at the different

technologies, and are now in the process of publishing
information about specific companies and the pros and cons of
their specific products within that context.

3) Customer requirements: knowing the customers goals and

objectives is especially valuable.

4) Market - As with any career it's useful to be aware of the

major trends, knowing which companies are doing what not
only for selecting firms to contact, but also to spot trends and
help position yourself for future opportunities.

5) Policy Finally, newcomers to the industry need to understand

the central policy drivers. The solar industry is a small part of the
well-established utility industry. Utilities have had incentives and
subsidies in place for more than 100 years. They don't have to
adjust their business models every year as subsidies come and
go, based on changing political leadership. But the solar industry
does.

Solar Career Resources

If you're looking at a career in the PV industry, or you simply

want to learn how to install this solar system in your own
household, there are organizations, training centers and
universities that will provide you with everything you need to
know about PV Solar Design. Don't be intimidated by the
seemingly complex world of PV systems. You don't need to be a
genius to learn the trade - you only have to be decided and
dedicated. The solar marketplace will only be opening up.
Getting in on the ground floor will help ensure that you are set
in a very solid career.
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