40,000 BC

Pointed sticks were

used to in script signs
and symbols on leaves
and bark of trees

They also draw

what they see in the
wall of the caves
using dirt and plant
pigment
 person who
writes books or
documents by
hand as a
2900 B.C. profession and
helps the city
keep track of its
records
Between 431 and 399 B.C.E.

Spartan Education: development of

the physical body coupled with
discipline
Athenian Education: development of
the individual to the fullest – mind +
body
5th century through the 15th century

Saracens

•originated the scientific method of

teaching;

•Islam in the medieval European

imagination

•had an organized and complete

curriculum in elem, secondary, and
collegiate levels;

•had model libraries

because they invented
the printing press
Johann Amos Comenius
1592- 1670

•Developed Orbis Pictus

(The World in Pictures)

•Father of Modern Education

Maria Montessori
1870- 1952

• use of multi-
sensory materials
in teaching
•best known for her
philosophy and the
Montessori method
of education of
children from birth
to adolescence.
Johann Heinrich
Pestalozzi
1746 - 1827

•advocated the use of real

objects
Friedrich Fröbel
1782-1852
use of actual objects
which could be
manipulated by the
learner; use of play and
songs

•eveloped the concept of

the “kindergarten”, and
also coined the word now
used in German and
English.
1839
Invention of
photography
paved way to
visual instruction
19th century

Production of books,
use of blackboards,
improvement of
writing implements
Sidney Pressy
1888–1979

•Created mechanical
teaching machines
•Father of Teaching
Machines
1920

• visual media
became widely
accepted.

Autochromes from the 'Early Visual Media' collection

1926
•use of educational
films as instructional
Mechanics Of The Brain
media
1932

•airing of the first instructional

TV program at the State
University of Iowa
1940s
•movies, filmstrips, radio,
and other pictorial devices
were used in US military
trainings

•invention of hypertext by
V. Bush which was called
Memex
1950s

• programmed
instruction by B.F.
Skinner

•Bloom created the

taxonomy of
educational objectives
and advocated
mastery approach
to learning
Burrhus Frederic Skinner
 1970’s-1990’s

CAI / CBT/CBL
learning content is divided into CAI – Computer Aided
Instruction
smaller chunks of text
(augmented with graphics and CBT- Computer Based
Training
multimedia presentation) with
CBL- Computer Based
multiple choice questions with Learning
feedback;
student + computer drills +
tutorials + simulations
Mid 80s – 90s

digitized
communication
and networking in
education started
through the WWW
Year 2000 and
Beyond
Computer Mediated
Communication (CMC)

•primary form of
interaction is between
student and instructor,
mediated by the
computer
References
http://www.slideshare.net/fvsandoval/history-of-educational-technology