27-May-14

Dello - Gonzales - Granada - Hequibal - Javier

GROUP 3 CE154P- B2
PRECAST CONCRETE

Produced by casting concrete

in a mold
Cured controlled
environment
Transported to site
Highly Customizable
Reliable
Consistent
Precise

Precast structures combines the excellent

quality of factory production with a relatively
inexpensive material. The costs to repair and
maintain a concrete structures are highly
limited.

Precast structural concrete units include floor, roof slabs,

beams, girders, columns and wall panels

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The function of architectural precast WALL / WALL CAPS PAVERS BALUSTRADE

concrete is primarily aesthetic. That means
special concrete mixes, such as cast stone and
glass-fiber-reinforced concrete, are often used
to achieve the best appearance without
compromising performance.
Concrete designs are one of the hot new trends for concrete patios, concrete floors,
entryways, countertops, pool decks and more.
Today's homeowners, builders, and designers recognize the value in using concrete in
their designs and plans.
The advancements in concrete tools, concrete stains and dyes, textures, and patterns
have made concrete the most versatile, durable and cost-effective material on the
market.

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Cages of reinforcement shall be fabricated either by tying the bars, wires or welded wire
reinforcement into rigid assemblies or by welding, where permissible, in accordance with AWS

Reinforcing shall be positioned as specified by the design and so that the concrete cover
conforms to requirements.

The tolerance on concrete cover shall be one-third of that specified but not more than 1/2 in

Concrete cover shall not be less than in., unless otherwise specified

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Shall be of the type and design consistent with industry standards and practices

Should be capable of consistently providing uniform products and dimensions

Shall be constructed so that the forces and vibrations to which the forms will be subjected
cause no damage to the precast concrete unit

Shall be cleaned of concrete build-up after each use

Form release agents shall be applied according to the manufacturers recommendations and
shall not be allowed to build up on the form casting surfaces

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Conventional concrete shall be deposited into forms as near to its final location as practical

Self-consolidating concrete shall be placed in a manner in which it flows and consolidates

without segregation or air entrapment

The free fall of the concrete shall be kept to a minimum

Concrete shall be consolidated in such a manner that segregation of the concrete is minimized
and honeycombed areas are kept to a minimum

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Vibrators used to consolidate concrete shall have frequencies and amplitudes

sufficient to produce well-consolidated concrete

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Precast concrete units shall be handled and transported in a manner to

minimize damage

Lifting devices or holes shall be consistent with industry standards

Lifting shall be accomplished with methods or devices intended for this

purpose as indicated on shop drawings

Upon request, the precast concrete producer shall provide documentation on

acceptable handling methods for the product

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Precast concrete units shall be stored in a manner that will minimize potential
damage

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Precast concrete units shall be delivered to the site

in accordance with the delivery schedule to avoid
excessive build-up of units in storage at the site

Upon delivery to the jobsite all precast concrete

units shall be inspected by the customer or
customers agent for quality and final acceptance

P r e c a s t Concrete Str uctural Unit

STRONG AND
GROWING
STRONGER

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EASY INSTALL LOWER

LIFETIME
COST

GET THE JOB STAYING

Formworks, no more!
DONE FAST! POWER

WERE WATER
TALKING TIGHTNESS
QUALITY COMES
HERE! STANDARD

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Superior Strength and Durability

MORE THAN Easy to control the mix, placement, and curing
GOOD LOOKS
Cost Saving

Economical

Low Maintenance

Quality can be controlled and monitored much more easily

Rapid construction on site/ erection

Weather is eliminated as a factor

HEAVY
Environment Friendly
STRUCTURAL
Entire building can be precast-walls, floors, beams, etc.
MEMBERS

CRANES ARE DIFFICULT TO

REQUIRED TO ESTABLISH
LIFT PANELS CONNECTION

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NEEDS Panel Joints:

BRACING ON- expensive and
SITE complicated

Heavy Structural members

TRANSPORTATION Very small margin for error

AND HAULING
Joints between panels are often expensive and complicated.
COSTS
Cranes are required to lift panels

Transportation costs and hauling

Connection maybe difficult to establish

Need bracing during on-site erection of structure

Columns generally require a minimum cross-sectional dimension of 300 x 300 mm, not only for
reasons of manipulation but also to accommodate the column-beam connections.

Maximum length of columns is 20 m to 24 m.

Precast concrete columns are commonly available in square sizes from 10 to 24 in.

(254 to 619 mm).

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Typically support cross members such as beams, spandrels, or panels.

h b Weight
PROFILE PROFILE Diameter Weight
mm mm kN/m
Round Columns mm kN/m
300/300 300 300 2.20
300 300 1.73
300/400 300 400 2.94
400 400 3.08
400/400 400 400 3.92
500 500 4.81
400/500 400 500 4.90
600 600 6.92
500/500 500 500 6.12
500/600 500 600 7.35
600/600 600 600 8.82

Typical sizes: From 300 mm by 300 mm up to 600 mm by 1200 mm.

Beams are typically

designed as simply
supported with a
RECTANGULAR
characteristic BEAMS
concrete strength of
Rectangular Beams Inverted T And L Beams between 40N/mm2
and 50N/mm2

RECTANGULAR INVERTED T
BEAMS AND L BEAMS

Standard Dimensions for beam ledges:

6 in. (150 mm) wide and 12 in. (300mm) deep

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INVERTED T
AND L BEAMS
Single Tee Beam Double Tee Beam

Spans up to 120-0" Spans up to 100-0"

Typical width = 8-0" Typical width = 8-0"

Typical depths of 36" and Depths of 12", 18", 24" and

48" 32"

Designation = 8ST36+2 SINGLE TEE (ST) Designation = 8DT24+2 (8 DOUBLE TEE

Single Tee Beam (8 = width in feet, 36 = = width in feet, 24 = depth, Double Tee Beam
BEAMS +2 = 2" topping) (DT) BEAMS
depth, +2 = 2" topping)

It can cover a range of spans from 25 m up to

the largest non-suspended concrete decks
built; of the order of 300 m.

Single box girders may also carry decks up to

30 m wide.

Single cell box-girder are used for spans form

40m to 270m. This chart is for precast concrete beams and
girders. For light loads or close beam spacings,
read toward the right in the indicated area. For
heavy loads and large beam spacings, or for
girders, read toward the left

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For highway and railway bridges, indicative ranges of

values for various overall dimensions of the main girder
are given below:

Overall Depth
D: I/8 D I/12 (highway bridges)
D: I/10 D I/7 (railway bridges)

Flange Width
2b: D/4 2b D/3,
Flange thickness Wall panels available in standard 8-0" widths.
T: b/12 T b/5 Typical widths include 10-0, 12-0, 13-4 and 14-0
Web Thickness wide. Typical wall panel heights range from 10-0 up to
t: t= D/125 50-0

I= length between points of zero moment

Solid Panels:
Ranges from 3 1/2 to 10 in.
(89 to 254 mm)
Sandwich or hollow core panels:
Ranges from 5 1/2 to 12 in.
(l40 to 305 mm)
Ribbed wall panels: THICKNESS
Ranges from 12 to 24 in.
(305 to 610 mm)

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Working with the precast concrete panels is not like working with Since building a new building requires a lot of special permits, the use of precast concrete panels
is no different. Go to the local town office and make sure that you have all of the required
plywood or other building materials. They are bulky and very heavy. permits that are needed for your particular building project. These permits will also let you
This means that you will need to have the assembled materials in know the specific building codes for the height of the gravel base, the minimum thickness of the
panels, and who can safely operate the crane.
place before you go trying to lift these heavy panels into place. Plan
for how many panels you will need, and have them ready for when a
crane can be available. You will also have to determine the different
elements like windows, doors, and interior walls.

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When a building uses precast elements, large parts of the building can be brought to the site
with each transport. Larger trucks consume less fuel per ton transported. Materials for
formwork, scaffolding etc. are not required at the site and do not need to be transported.
Precast concrete structures are usually lighter than the equivalent area of on-site cast-in-place
concrete. This can represent a significant reduction in the number of truck movements and
reduced consumption of fossil fuels.
Refers to the equipment, cables, slings, and other hoisting
equipment used to lift the precast units into place. This is the work
of specialists. Prestressed members must be kept in the upright
position in which they will be installed. If lifting devices are not in
the member, it can must be kept in the upright position in which
they will be installed.

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The foundations and footings are cast in place and carefully located.
Tolerances are rather tight, and assembly will halt if tolerances have not been
carefully maintained.
The structure may be built using precast columns and beams. The columns
are lifted and placed with a crane, then plumbed and grouted with drypack
grout.
Columns are joined by beams and the floor decking is set in place. Floor
decking often is hollow core units.
The specific way these are drawn varies but the information shown is consistent. Single or double tees
also are often used for floor decking. Double tees are preferred to single tees because they do not require
bracing during erection.
Some buildings use precast structural walls instead of columns. These are erected on foundations and
braced until members abutting them in place.
If precast exterior wall panels are used to enclose the building, they are lifted in place and secured to the
structural frame.

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Simplify and speed-up the erection operation, because the
connection is positive immediately. Final alignment and adjustment
can be made later without tying up crane time. Bolting should be in
accordance with the erection drawings, using material specified by the
designer.
1. BOLTED
CONNECTION
In a dowel connection, the strength of dowels in
tension or shear depends on dowel diameter,
embedded length and the bond developed. Good
practice is to provide sufficient embedment to
develop the full dowel strength.
3. DOWEL
CONNECTION
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Welded connections are the most common and typical
connection used in the erection of precast concrete. These
connections are structurally efficient and adjust easily to
varying field conditions.
The connections are usually made by placing a loose plate
between two structural steel plates that are embedded both in
the cast-in-place or the precast concrete panel and welded
together. Some connections are designed to bend and yield in
one direction while remaining rigid in all other directions.
2. WELDED
CONNECTION
Made using either bonded or unbounded tendons.
Bonded tendons are installed in holes cast in the
member and are bonded to the member after tensioning
by filling the hole with grout. Unbounded tendons are
not grouted in place but are coated with an organic
coating to prevent corrosion.
4.POST
TENSIONED
CONNECTION
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