Education Policy and Planning

Masters in Human Rights and Ethics of International Cooperation

University of Bergamo

Education
Policy and Planning Process

Sobhi TAWIL
8-10 March 2012
Contents

1. Policy definition and scope

2. The policy-planning process

3. Approaches to education planning

4. Monitoring progress in basic education

1. Policy definition and scope
 Definition of Policy

An explicit or implicit single decision or group of decisions which

may set out directives for guiding future decisions, initiate or retard
action, or guide implementation of previous decisions.

W. Haddad (1995)
Scope of policy
 Examples of scope:
Issue-specific? Programme? Multi-programme? Strategic?

Should resources be allocated to primary education or to rural training

centres?

How can we provide basic education at a reasonable cost to meet equity

and efficiency objectives?

How should training centres be designed and provided across the country?

How should practical subjects be taught in lower-secondary education?

2. The policy-planning process
Policy Making
1. Policy analysis
Analysis of the existing situation
Context: Demographic, Economic, Cultural, Political,
Sector analysis: Access, equity, quality, efficiency, governance

2. The generation of policy options

Systemic, ad hoc & importation modes

3. Evaluation of policy options

Desirability, affordability, feasibility

4. Making the policy decision

Conflicting interests, negotiation, arbitration, trade-offs
Policy Implementation
5. Planning and design of implementation plans & strategies

6. Monitoring of policy implementation

7. Policy impact assessment

8. Adjustment in subsequent policy cycles

3. Approaches to Education Planning
Manpower or HRD Approach
Forecasting

Market demand and supply of skilled labour

Needs-based
Social Demand Approach

Private demand for education

Education seen as consumption/service

Quantitative approach

More forecasting than planning.

Rate of Return Approach

Economic (capitalist) approach

Education seen as an investment

Cost-benefit analysis

Social and private rates of return

Social Justice Approach

Focus on social development

Principle of equal opportunity

Concern with patterns of exclusion among deprived minorities.

Approaches to education planning

Manpower or HRD Approach

Social Demand Approach

Rate of Return Approach

Social Justice Approach

4. Monitoring progress in basic education
EFA : Education for All
Goal 1. Expanding and improving early childhood care and education

Goal 2. Access to and complete free and compulsory primary education for all.

Goal 3. Equitable access for all youth and adults to appropriate learning and life skills
programmes.

Goal 4. 50 per cent improvement in levels of adult literacy

Goal 5. Eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education by 2005, and
achieving gender equality in education by 2015

Goal 6. Improving all aspects of the quality of education

Monitoring EFA Goals
1. Early Childhood Care and Education
2. Universal Primary Education (UPE)
3. Youth Literacy
4. Gender Parity in education
4. Quality in education
Education sector analysis

Context

Access

Equity

Quality

Efficiency

Governance
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