3.

SSB-SC MODULATION ANS DEMODULATION IN MATLAB

3.1 OBJECTIVE

To write and simulate a MATLAB program for SSB-SC modulation using Hilbert
transform in time domain and using FFT represent the result in frequency domain and hence
reconstruct the modulating signal using butterworth filter.

9.2 SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

MATLAB, Computer installed with Windows XP or higher Version.

9.3 MATLAB INTRODUCTION

MATLAB is a programming language and numerical computing environment. The

name MATLAB is an acronym for Matrix Laboratory. As it name suggests it allows easy
manipulation of matrix and vectors. Plotting functions and data is made easy with
MATLAB. It has a good Graphic User Interface and conversion of matlab files to C/C++ is
possible. It has several toolboxes that possess specific functions for specific applications. For
example Image Processing, Neural Networks, CDMA toolboxes are name a few. An
additional package, Simulink, adds graphical multidomain simulation and Model-Based
Design for dynamic and embedded systems. Simulink contains Blocksets that is analogous to
Toolboxes. It was created by Mathworks Incorporation, USA. Writing MATLAB programs
for modulation applications require knowledge on very few functions and operators. The
operators mostly used are arithmetic operators and matrix operators. To know more type in
the command prompt help ops. MATLAB will give a list in that to know on specific
operator say addition type in the command prompt help plus. MATLAB will give how to
use and other relevant information.

Commonly used graphical functions are plot, figure, subplot, title, and mathematical
functions are sin and cos only. The mathematical functions sin and cos are self-explanatory.
The graphical function figure will create a new window and then subsequent graphical
commands can be applied. The plot function usually takes two vectors and plot data points
according to given vector data. Subplot function is used when two or more plots are drawn
on the same figure. As title function suggests it helps to write title of the graph in the figure.
For further details type help plot or help subplot in the command prompt and learn the
syntax.
3.3 THEORY

Amplitude modulation produces an output signal that has twice the bandwidth of the
original baseband signal. Single-sideband modulation avoids this bandwidth doubling, and
the power wasted on a carrier, at the cost of increased device complexity and more difficult
tuning at the receiver. It uses transmitter power and bandwidth more efficiently. Single
sideband modulation provides effective communications as well as it is used for some
analogue television signals.

One method of producing an SSB signal is to remove one of the sidebands

via filtering, leaving only either the upper sideband (USB), the sideband with the higher
frequency, or less commonly the lower sideband (LSB), the sideband with the lower
frequency. Most often, the carrier is reduced or removed entirely (suppressed), being referred
to in full as single sideband suppressed carrier (SSBSC). Assuming both sidebands are
symmetric, which is the case for a normal AM signal, no information is lost in the process.
Since the final RF amplification is now concentrated in a single sideband, the effective power
output is greater than in normal AM power, it cannot be demodulated by a simple envelope
detector like standard AM.

3.4 ALGORITHM

1. To generate message and carrier signal

Initialize:

carrier frequency ,message signal ,sampling frequency , N point DFT samples ,time
samples ,message signal amplitude and carrier signal amplitude.

2. Generate message signal and carrier signal.

3.Apply Hilbert transform to the message signal.

4.Write the expression for LSB or USB as per the requirement

LSB=message*carrier(cosine)+Hilbert transform of message *carrier(sine)

USB=message*carrier(cosine)-Hilbert transform of message *carrier(sine)

5. Take Fourier transform LSB or USB to get the desired frequency spectrum for modulated
signal.
6. For the demodulation, multiply LSB with carrier (cosine) and apply butterworth filter to
get demodulated signal or multiply USB with carrier (sine ) and apply butterworth filter to
get demodulated signal.

7. Plot all the signals.

3.5 PROGRAM

N = 1024;

fs = 2048;

ts = 1/fs;

t=(0:N-1)/fs;

fc = 600;

fm1 = 200;

Em1 = 1;

m = Em1*cos(2*pi*fm1*t);

mh = Em1*cos((2*pi*fm1*t)-pi/2);

sbu = m.*2.*cos(2*pi*fc*t) - mh.*2.*sin(2*pi*fc*t);

sbl = m.*2.*cos(2*pi*fc*t) + mh.*2.*sin(2*pi*fc*t);

SBU = 2/N*abs(fft(sbu)); SBL = 2/N*abs(fft(sbl));

freq = fs * (0 : N/2) / N;

close all;

figure(2)

subplot(221);

plot(10*t(1:200),sbu(1:200),'r');
title('Time Domain Representation === USB');

xlabel('Time'); ylabel('Modulated Signal');

subplot(222)

plot(10*t(1:200),sbl(1:200),'b');

title('Time Domain Representation === LSB');

xlabel('Time'); ylabel('Modulated Signal');

subplot(223);

plot(freq,SBU(1:N/2+1))

title('Frequency Domain Representation');

xlabel('Frequency(Hz)');

ylabel('Spectral Magnitude');

legend('USB');

subplot(224)

plot(freq,SBL(1:N/2+1));

title('Frequency Domain Representation');

xlabel('Frequency(Hz)'); ylabel('Spectral Magnitude');

legend('LSB');

figure(4)

plot(freq,SBU(1:N/2+1),freq,SBL(1:N/2+1));

title('Frequency Domain Representation');

xlabel('Frequency(Hz)');

ylabel('Spectral Magnitude');

legend('USB','LSB');
DEMODULATION

md=sbu.*cos(2*pi*fc*t);

[b,a]=butter(2,0.1);

mf=filter(b,a,md);

figure(3)

plot(t,mf)

title('Demodulated Signal');

xlabel('Time'); ylabel('Demodulated Signal');

figure(1);

plot(t,m);

title('Time Domain Representation of Orignal Signal');

xlabel('Time'); ylabel('Original Signal');

3.6 PRE LAB QUESTIONS

1. Define SSB-SC.

2.What are the advantages of SSB-SC modulation over DSB-FC?

3.What are the disadvantages of single side band transmission?

4. What are the applications of SSB?

3.7 LAB PROCEDURE

1. Open the MATLABsoftware by double clicking its icon.

2. MATLABlogo will appear and after few moments Command Prompt will appear.

3. Go to the File Menu and select a New M-file. (File NewM-file) or in the left hand
corner a blank white paper icon will be there. Click it once.

4. A blank M-file will appear with a title untitled

5. Now start typing your program. After completing, save the M-file with appropriate name.
To execute the program Press F5 or go to Debug Menu and select Run.

6. After execution output will appear in the Command window .If there is an error then
with an alarm, type of error will appear in red color.

7. Rectify the error if any and go to Debug Menu and select Run.

3.8 POST LAB QUESTIONS

1. What is the transmission bandwidth of SSB-SC?

2 Draw the spectrum of SSB-SC AM signal in which the modulating signal Emcosmt
modulates a carrier signal Eccosct.

3. Define product detector.

4. Calculate the percentage power saving when a carrier and one of the sidebands are
suppressed in AM wave modulated to the depth of a. 100% and b. 50%.
10.9 MODEL GRAPH

Fig.10.1 Message Signal

Fig.10.2 Carrier Signal

Fig. 10.3
Time
domain

representation of USB
 Fig. 10.4 Time domain representation of LSB

Fig. 10.5 Frequency domain representation of USB

Fig.

10.6 Frequency domain representation of LSB

Fig. 10.7
Demodulated Signal
3.9 LAB RESULT

Thus the SSB-SC modulation and demodulation was simulated with AWGN noise and
varying SNR.