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Las condiciones iniciales del presente experimento son Xo= 7cm, Vo=0cm/seg.
Se pide calcular:
6 tonnef kgf
ECon := 2.17 10 = 217000 h := ( 4m - 15cm) = 3.85 m
2 2
m cm
( 40cm) ( 40cm) 3 4
ICol := = 213333.33333 cm
12
12 ECon ICol tonnef kN
kCol := = 9.735 kCol = 9.546
3 cm mm
h
como las columnas estan en paralelo, la rigidez de la estructura sera la suma de las
rigideces de las columnas.
tonnef
kEst := 4 kCol = 38.938
cm
El periodo de la estructura
kEst 1 2 1
n := = 27.938 rad Tn := = 0.225 s fn := = 4.447 Hz
m0 s n Tn
ANALISIS DE VIBRACION LIBRE NO AMORTIGUADA
2
d
La ecuacion del equilibrio dinmico es: m ( x) + k x = 0
2
dt
2 2
2 d
d k ( x) + n x = 0
La ecuacion del equilibrio dinmico es: ( x) + x = 0 2
2 m dt
dt
2
( x) + 38.938
d tonnef
En fuerzas ( 48.9216 tonne) x = 0
2 cm
dt
tonnef
d2 38.938 cm d2
1
dt2 ( x) + ( 48.9216 tonne) x = 0 dt2 ( x) + 780.537 2 x = 0
En aceleraciones:
s
v0 v0
( )
x( t ) = x0 cos n t +
n
(
sin n t ) (
x( t ) := x0 cos n t +
n
)
sin n t ( )
( ) (
v( t ) = -x0 n sin n t + v0 cos n t n
) ( )
v( t ) := -x0 n sin n t + v0 cos n t ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
a( t ) = -x0 n cos n t - v0 n sin n t a( t ) := -x0 n cos n t - v0 n sin n t
0.04 1
0.02 0.5
x( t) 0 v( t) 0
- 0.02 - 0.5
- 0.04 -1
0 0.1 0.2 0 0.1 0.2
t t
30
20
10
a( t) 0
- 10
- 20
- 30
0 0.1 0.2
t
i = x( i ) = v( i ) = a( i) = m0 a( i) + kEst x( i ) =
0 s 2.8 cm 0 1 cm -21.855 1 m 2.32810-10 N
0.1 -2.632 -26.66 s 20.547 s2 0
0.2 2.15 50.128 -16.778 2.9110-11
0.3 -1.409 -67.594 11.001 2.9110-11
0.4 0.5 76.967 -3.907 -5.82110-11
0.5 0.468 -77.125 -3.656 0
0.6 -1.381 68.049 10.78 -1.16410-10
0.7 2.129 -50.825 -16.614 0
0.8 -2.621 27.516 20.459 -1.16410-10
0.9 2.8 -0.912 -21.854 1.16410-10
1 -2.643 -25.801 20.632 0
1.1 2.17 49.424 -16.941 2.9110-11
1.2 -1.438 -67.13 11.221 0
1.3 0.533 76.799 -4.157 -5.82110-11
1.4 0.436 -77.272 -3.404 2.32810-10
... ... ... ... ...
- 10
m0 a( 6.11sec) + kEst x( 6.11sec) = 1.164153218269 10 N
Balance energtico:
tonnef m0 = 48.922 tonne
kEst = 38.938
cm
1
( )
2
Ep = k x
Energa Potencial del resorte 2 Est i
1 2
Energa Cintica del sistema Ek = m0 vi
2
1 2
La energia Ep ( i ) := k x( i)
potencial: 2 Est
1 2
La energia Ek( i ) := m0 v( i )
cintica: 2
2
m0 0
La energia total 1 2 1 cm 4
E0 := kEst ( 2.8cm) + = 1.497 10 J
inicial 2 2 sec
del sistema
i = Ep ( i ) = Ek( i ) = Ep ( i ) + Ek( i ) =
0 s 1.497104 J 0 J 1.497104 J
0.1 1.323104 1.739103 1.497104
0.2 8.822103 6.147103 1.497104
0.3 3.793103 1.118104 1.497104
0.4 478.266 1.449104 1.497104
0.5 418.793 1.455104 1.497104
0.6 3.642103 1.133104 1.497104
0.7 8.65103 6.319103 1.497104
0.8 1.312104 1.852103 1.497104
0.9 1.497104 2.034 1.497104
1 1.334104 1.628103 1.497104
1.1 8.993103 5.975103 1.497104
1.2 3.945103 1.102104 1.497104
1.3 541.548 1.443104 1.497104
1.4 363.162 1.461104 1.497104
... ... ... ...
4
1.5 10
Ep( i)
4
1 10
Ek( i)
3
Ek( i) + Ep( i) 5 10
0
0 1 2
( i)
2
d
La ecuacion del equilibrio dinmico es: m ( x) + k x = 0
2
dt
Fi = m0 a Fs = kEst x
Fi ( i ) := m0 a( i) Fs( i) := kEst x( i )
i =
Fi ( i ) = Fs( i) =
0 s
0.1 -1.069106 N 1.069106 N
0.2 1.005106 -1.005106
0.3 -8.208105 8.208105
0.4 5.382105 -5.382105
0.5 -1.911105 1.911105
0.6 -1.788105 1.788105
0.7 5.274105 -5.274105
0.8 -8.128105 8.128105
0.9 1.001106 -1.001106
1 -1.069106 1.069106
... ... ...
6 6
210 210
6 6
110 110
F i( t) 0 F s( t) 0
6 6
- 110 - 110
6 6
- 210 - 210
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0 0.2 0.4 0.6
t t
4
4.89810 7
3.824 10
7
4 3.822 10
4.89410
F i( t) 7
F s( t) 3.82 10
a( t) 4 7
4.8910 x( t) 3.818 10
7
3.816 10
4
4.88610 7
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 3.814 10
0 0.2 0.4
t
t
6
Fi ( 1sec) = 1.009 10 N
6
Fs( 1sec ) = -1.009 10 N
m
a( 1sec) = 20.632
2 x( 1sec) = -0.026 m
s
tonnef
kEst = 38.938
4 cm
m0 = 4.892 10 kg
6
210
6
110
F s( i)
0
F i( i)
6
- 110
6
- 210
- 0.04 - 0.02 0 0.02 0.04
x( i)
2
La ecuacion del equilibrio dinmico es: m
d d
( x) + c x + k x = 0
2
dt dt
2
d
( x) +
c d k
x + x = 0
2 m dt m
dt
2
d d k
( x) + 2 x + x = 0
2
dt dt m
c c c
= 2 = ccr = 2 m = c = 2 m
m0 ccr
2
D = n 1 -
tonnef rad
kEst = 38.938 m0 = 48.922 tonne n = 27.938 Tn = 0.225 s
cm sec
asuminos un amortiguamiento critoco del 5% := 0.05
s
ccr := 2 m0 n = 278.746 tonnef
m
s sec
c := ccr = 13.937 tonnef c = 1.367 kN
m cm
rad 2 rad
n = 27.938222 D := n 1 - = 27.903277
sec sec
2
Tn = 0.2249 s TD := = 0.22518 s
D
1 1 1 1
fD := = 4.44094 fn := = 4.44651
TD s Tn s
cm
x0 := 2.8cm v0 := 0
sec
- n t v0 + n x0
x( t ) = e (
x0 cos D t + ) D
sin( D t )
- n t v0 + n x0
x( t ) := e (
x0 cos D t + ) D
sin( D t )
- n t v0 + n x0
v( t ) = e ( )
v0 cos D t - x0 D + n
D
sin( D t)
- n t v0 + n x0
v( t ) := e ( )
v0 cos D t - x0 D + n
D
sin( D t)
- n t
-x0 D + n v0 + n x0 + n v0 cos D t - v0 D - n x0 D
( ) ( )
2
a( t) = e
- n t
-x0 D + n v0 + n x0 + n v0 cos D t - v0 D - n x0 D
( ) ( )
2
a( t ) := e
0.04
1
0.02
0.5
x( t) 0
v( t) 0
- 0.02
- 0.5
- 0.04
0 1 2 -1
0 1 2
t
t
20
10
0
a( t)
- 10
- 20
- 30
0 1 2
t
1 2 1 2
Ep = kEst x Ek = m0 v m
2 2 v( 0sec) = 0
s
i := 0sec , 0.01sec .. 10sec
x( 0sec) = 2.8 cm
1 2 1 2
Ep ( i ) := k x( i) Ek( i ) := m0 v( i )
2 Est 2
Ep ( i ) = Ek( i ) =
1.497104 J 0 J
1.384104 1.107103
4
1.083104 3.979103 Ep ( 0sec) + Ek( 0sec) = 1.497 10 J
6.877103 7.612103
3.138103 1.083104 1 2 1 2 4
k x( 0sec ) + m0 v( 0sec) = 1.497 10 J
653.287 1.265104 2 Est 2
36.125 1.256104
1.314103 1.062104
1.314103 1.062104 1 1
( ) ( )
2 2 3
3.955103 7.472103 k x 1 TD + m0 v 1 TD = 7.979 10 J
2 Est 2
7.052103 4.054103
9.617103 1.344103
1.087104 57.479 1 k x 1 T 2 + 1 2
2 Est ( D) (
m0 v 1 TD
)
1.047104 452.454 2 = 0.533
8.576103 2.275103 1 k x( 0sec) 2 + 1 2
m v( 0sec)
2 Est 2 0
5.788103 4.866103
... ...
1 k x 2 T 2 + 1 2
2 Est ( D) (
m v 2 TD
2 0
)
= 0.284
1 k x( 0sec) 2 + 1
m v( 0sec)
2
2 Est 2 0
4
1.5 10 4
1.5 10
4
1 10 4
1 10
Ep( t)
Ek( t)
3
5 10 3
5 10
0
0 1 2 0
0 1 2
t
t
4
1.5 10
Ep( t) 1 2
1 10
4 Ek = m0 v
Ek( t)
2
3
Ep( t) + Ek( t) 5 10 1 2
Ep = kEst x
2
0
0 0.5 1
t
2
La ecuacion del equilibrio dinmico es: m
d d
( x) + c x + k x = 0
2
dt dt
Fi = m0 a FD = c v Fs = kEst x
Fi ( i ) = FD( i) = Fs( i) =
Fi ( i ) + FD( i ) + Fs( i ) =
-648.447 kN 0 kN 1.069103 kN
-2.32810-10 N
-398.556 -29.076 1.028103
-1.16410-10
-125.07 -55.128 909.552
-2.32810-10
150.446 -76.246 724.693
0
406.865 -90.951 489.507
-5.82110-11
625.105 -98.295 223.365
-8.73110-11
789.527 -97.921 -52.525
0
889.04 -90.068 -316.798
1.16410-10
917.823 -75.543 -549.562
0
875.622 -55.641 -733.886
3.49210-10
767.62 -32.033 -857.007
1.16410-10
603.891 -6.626 -911.197
0
398.49 18.589 -894.211
0
168.274 41.687 -809.307
1.16410-10
-68.468 60.96 -664.852
0
... ... ...
...
6 5
1 10 1 10
5
5 10 4
5 10
0
F i( t) F D( t) 0
5
- 5 10
4
- 1 10
6 - 5 10
6 5
- 1.5 10 - 1 10
0 0.5 1 0 0.5 1
t t
6
1.5 10
6
1 10
5
5 10
F s( t)
0
5
- 5 10
6
- 1 10
0 0.5 1
t
6
2 10
F i( t) 6
1 10
F D( t)
0
F s( t) 6
- 1 10
6
- 2 10
0 0.5 1
t
6 5
1 10 1 10
5
5 10 4
5 10
0
F i( i) F D( i) 0
5
- 5 10
4
- 1 10
6 - 5 10
6 5
- 1.5 10 - 1 10
- 0.04- 0.02 0 0.02 0.04 - 0.04- 0.02 0 0.02 0.04
x( i) x( i)
6
1.5 10 6
1.5 10
6
1 10 6
1 10
5
5 10 5
F s( i) 5 10
F s( i) +FD( i)
0
0
5
- 5 10 5
- 5 10
6
- 1 10 6
- 0.04- 0.02 0 0.02 0.04 - 1 10
- 0.04- 0.02 0 0.02 0.04
x( i)
x( i)
- 10
410
- 10
210
F s( i) +FD( i) +F i( i) 0
- 10
- 210
- 10
- 410
- 0.04- 0.02 0 0.02 0.04
x( i)
DECREMENTO LOGARITMICO
0.04
0.02
x( t) 0
x( 0 ) = 2.8 cm
- 0.02
- 0.04
( )
x TD = 2.044 cm
0 1 2
( )
t
x 2 TD = 1.493 cm