Indo Aryan Style of Temple Architecture

DEVAKI AMMA'S GURUVAYURAPPAN COLLEGE OF ARCHITECUTRE

Batch.S1S2(2012-2017)
Subject.History of Architecture / Module 4
Staff in charge ..Ar. Rinny Prem
October 2012
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Classification
3. Illustrations
4. Features :
1. Plan
2. Deuls
3. Garbha Griha
4. RekhaDeul
5. Shikhara
6. Jagmohan
7. Parts of temple
8. Natmandir,Bhogmandir
9. Characteristics.

Indo Aryan Style / Slide Contents

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Architecture of Indian temples

The Architecture of Indian temples in general
are divided into three categories based on
their geographical location and peculiar
features:

1. Northern Hindu Style- Nagara or Indo

Aryan style of Architecture (600 AD to
present)
2. Central Hindu Style Deccan or Vesara
Style (450 to 750 AD, 1000 AD to present
day )
3. South Hindu Style Dravidian Style (625
AD to present)
Indo Aryan Style / Introduction
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Indo Aryan Style

Vesara Style

Dravidian Style

Indo Aryan Style / Introduction

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Classifications of Indo
Aryan Style
1. Orissan style
2. Khajuraho Group
3. Rajputana And Central India
4. Gujarat and West
5. Deccan
6. Gwalior and Brindaban
7. Temples Cities of Jains

Indo Aryan Style / Classification

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Lingaraja Temple,Bhuvabeshwar

Orissan Style

Kandariya Mahadeva Temple,

Khajuraho

Khajuraho Style
Indo Aryan Style / Examples
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Rajputana Style Gujarat : Sun Temple, Modhera
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Jain : Dilwara Jain

Temple, Mt. Abu,
Rajasthan
Indo Aryan Style / Examples
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Indo Aryan Style : Introduction

The movement began in Orissa.

The style reached its peak of
excellence in the 10th and 11th
centuries.
Stretches from roughly 650 A.D. to
1200 A.D..

Indo Aryan Style / Introduction

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Indo Aryan Style : Features

The Plan
In general, all these temples follow a common structural
plan.

The typical plan of the temple is square, the most basic,

rational and elementary of all geometric forms, used by
hindus.

Developed into a Latin cross plan later on with the addition

of auxillary structures.

Entry Bhog Garbha

Nat mandir Jagmohan
mandir griha

Indo Aryan Style / Features / Plan

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A typical temple consists of two

main apartments or Deuls :

(1) The Garbha Griha or

Rekha Deul

(2) The Jagmohan or Pida

Deul

Indo Aryan Style / Features / Deuls

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REKHA DUEL

PIDA DUEL

Indo Aryan Style / Deuls

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The Garbha griha

The Garbha Griha is the cubical inner apartment.

The diety is placed in the garbha griha of Rekha
Deul.
Over this rises the spire or Sikhara (Urusringa) or
Vimana or Tower.

Indo Aryan Style / Features / GarbhaGriha

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The Rekha Deul

The main temple is called as Rekha
deul because of its emphasis on
vertical lines.
3
The hindus regarded the temple as th
body of cosmic Man (Purusha).

So the lower upright part of the main

deul is known as bada (feet) and the
upper tapering part is known as
chappra (trunk). 2
Over the chappra, is a large melon
shaped feature called amala(cap
stone) crowned with kalasa (head)
called Amrit Kalasa, symbolising the
jar of nectar. 1

Indo Aryan Style / Features / Rekha Deul

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The Shikhara
Also called Vimana or tower.
The entire tower which is curvilinear
in shape is called the Shikhara.
The highest point of the Shikhara is
placed directly over the diety.
Bee hive shaped.
Decorative horizontal and vertical
lines.
Smaller reproduction of shikharas,
(Urushringas) giving a fountain like
appearance.
Looks like a series of hills.

Indo Aryan Style / Features / Shikhara

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Jagmohan
The temple is approached by an assembly hall,
known as jag mohan (one which pleases the
world).
The jag mohan is also called Pida Deul since it
is composed of Pidas.
Is usually square-shaped and has a pyramidal
roof.

Indo Aryan Style / Features / Jagmohan

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Similar to the rekha

Duel, the Jag mohan
has the lower upright
part the bada and
upper tapering part
pida in the form of a
terraced pyramid which
is crowned with
Ghanta Kalasa.

With this, the temple is

now the abode of god
as manifested in human
shape.

Indo Aryan Style / Features / Jagmohan

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Indo Aryan Style / Features / Parts of Temple

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Natmandir, Bhog Mandir

Apart from the main deuls, due to religious rites, other
buildings were added in front, in one axial line, such as
Bhog Mandir,ie offering hall in the front, and followed by
Nat Mandir or Dancing Hall.

But these, where they exist, are almost without exception

superimposed on top of the original plan.

Indo Aryan Style / Features / Natmandir, Bhogmandir

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Characters
Trabeated style of construction
The main temple rests on high platform.
Square Plan

Adisthana High plinth with number of steps leading to the temple

Ardhaamandapa entrance
Mandap or Jagmohan with pyramidal roof
Antrala joins mandapa to sanctum
Garbha griha houses the diety

Parabolic profile
Amalaka cushion like element

Decorative horizontal and vertical lines

Pillars are notable for their absence.
The interior is plain ,featureless, but exterior walls are profusely ornamented.
No true arch, only corbelling.

Indo Aryan Style / Characters

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Characters
Trabeated style of construction
The main temple rests on high platform.
Adisthana High plinth with number of steps leading to the temple
Ardhaamandapa entrance
Mandap or Jagmohan with pyramidal roof
Antrala joins mandapa to sanctum
Garbha griha houses the diety
Parabolic profile
Amalaka cushion like element
Decorative horizontal and vertical lines
Pillars are notable for their absence.
The interior is plain ,featureless, but exterior walls are profusely ornamented.
No true arch, only corbelling.

Indo Aryan Style / Characters

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Characters
Trabeated style of construction
The main temple rests on high platform.
Adisthana High plinth with number of steps leading to the temple
Ardhaamandapa entrance
Mandap or Jagmohan with pyramidal roof
Antrala joins mandapa to sanctum
Garbha griha houses the diety
Parabolic profile
Amalaka cushion like element
Decorative horizontal and vertical lines
Pillars are notable for their absence.
The interior is plain ,featureless, but exterior walls are profusely ornamented.
No true arch, only corbelling.

Indo Aryan Style / Characters

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Bibliography

The great ages of World Architecture G.K. Hiraskar

Buddhist and hindu Architecture in India Satish Grover
Internet: www.culturopedia.com
en.wikipedia.org
www.travelblog.org

Indo Aryan Style / Bibliography

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