Engr. Niño E.

Merencilla
 Real Mode Operation
• It allows the microprocessor to
address only the first 1 M byte of
memory space.
• It also allows application software
written for 8086/8088 and above
to function in 80286 with out
changing the software.
• Real memory – it is also known as
conventional memory system.
 Segments and Offsets
• The combination of a segment
address and an offset address is
used to access a memory location
in the real mode.
• Segment address – located
within one of the segment
registers, defines the beginning
address of any 64 K byte memory
segment.
• Offset address – selects any
location within 64K byte memory
segment. which sometimes called
displacement segment in the
real mode and always have a
length of 64K byte.
 Segment and Offset
relationship

Segment Offset Special Purpose

CS IP Instruction address
SS SP or BP Stack address
DS BX, DI, SI Data address
ES DI for string String destination
instructions address
 Addressing Modes
• A structure of the different
instruction used by the
microprocessor to execute the
fetched instruction
 Register addressing
• Transfer a copy of a byte or word
from the source register to the
destination register.
EX:
MOV CX, DX
The instruction copies the word-size contents
of register DX to CX.
 Immediate Addressing
• Transfers the source-immediate
byte or word of data in the
destination register or memory
location.
EX:
MOV AL, 22H
 Direct Addressing
• Moves a byte or word between a
memory location and a register.
EX:
MOV AL, VAR1

The instruction copies the word-sized contents

of memory location VAR1 into register.
 Register Indirect Addressing
• Transfers a byte or word between
a register and a memory location
addressed by an index or base
register.
• The index and base registers are BP, BX, DI and
SI

EX:
MOV AX, [BX]
The instruction copies the word – sized data
from the data segment offset address indexed
by the BX into the register AX.
Base-plus-index Addressing
• Transfers a byte or word between
a register and a memory location
addressed by a base register (BP
or BX) plus index register (DI or SI)
EX:
MOV [BX + DI], CL
It copies the byte size content of register CL to
the Data segment location addressed by BX plus
DI.
Register Relative Addressing

• Moves a byte or word between a

register and a memory location
addressed by an index or base
register plus displacement.
EX:
MOV AX, [BX + 4]
Loads AX from the data segment address
formed by BX plus 4.
 Base relative – plus index
Addressing
• Transfers a byte or word between
a register and a memory location
addressed by a base register and
index register plus a displacement
EX:
MOV AX, [BX + DI + Displacement]
Similar to the base-plus-index addressing mode
but it adds a displacement besides using a base
register and index register
End