Psycho 7 Report Jumadas, Jodelyn Tano BSBA/FM 4

January 10, 2017 Reporter

I. a. Integumentary System
The integumentary system is an organ system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and
exocrine glands.
Its main function is to act as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world. It
also functions to retain body fluids, protect against disease, eliminate waste
products, and regulate body temperature.

FUNCTIONS OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

The integumentary system has many functions, most of which are involved in protecting you
and regulating your bodys internal functions in a variety of ways:
Protects the body's internal living tissues and organs
Protects against invasion by infectious organisms
Protects the body from dehydration
Protects the body against abrupt changes in temperature
Helps dispose of waste materials
Acts as a receptor for touch, pressure, pain, heat, and cold
Stores water and fat

b. The integumentary System (skin, hair, nails and teeth)

Skin - The skin is the largest organ of the body, with a total area of about 20 square feet. The
skin protects us from microbes and the elements, helps regulate body temperature, and
permits the sensations of touch, heat, and cold.
Skin has three layers:

The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin
tone.

The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat
glands.

The deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is made of fat and connective tissue.
The skins color is created by special cells called melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin.
Melanocytes are located in the epidermis.

Hair - is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis, or skin. Hair is
one of the defining characteristics of mammals. The human body, apart from areas
of glabrous skin, is covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and fine vellus hair.

Nail - is a horn-like envelope covering the tips of the fingers and toes in humans, most
non-human primates, and a few other mammals. Nails are similar to claws in other
animals. Fingernails and toenails are made of a tough protective protein called keratin.
This protein is also found in the hooves and horns of different animals.

Teeth - The teeth are the hardest substances in the human body. Besides being essential for
chewing, the teeth play an important role in speech. Parts of the teeth include:
 Enamel: The hardest, white outer part of the tooth. Enamel is mostly made
of calcium phosphate, a rock-hard mineral.
Dentin: A layer underlying the enamel. Dentin is made of living cells, which secrete a hard
mineral substance.
Pulp: The softer, living inner structure of teeth. Blood vessels and nerves run through the
pulp of the teeth.
Cementum: A layer of connective tissue that binds the roots of the teeth firmly to the gums
and jawbone.
Periodontal ligament: Tissue that helps hold the teeth tightly against the jaw.

A normal adult mouth has 32 teeth, which (except for wisdom teeth) have erupted by about age
13:
Incisors (8 total): The middlemost four teeth on the upper and lower jaws.
Canines (4 total): The pointed teeth just outside the incisors.
Premolars (8 total): Teeth between the canines and molars.
Molars (8 total): Flat teeth in the rear of the mouth, best at grinding food.
Wisdom teeth or third molars (4 total): These teeth erupt at around age 18, but are
often surgically removed to prevent displacement of other teeth.
c. Tips in taking care the skin, hair nails and teeth.

Skin: Here are some tips to help prevent breakouts on skin:

Wash your face twice a day (no more) with warm water and a mild soap made for people
with acne. Gently massage your face with circular motions. Don't scrub. Over washing and
scrubbing can cause skin to become irritated. After cleansing, the American Academy of
Dermatology (AAD) recommends applying an over-the-counter (no prescription needed) lotion
containing benzoyl peroxide.
Don't pop pimples. It's tempting, but here's why you shouldn't: Popping pimples can push
infected material further into the skin, leading to more swelling and redness, and even scarring.
If you notice a pimple coming before a big event, like the prom, a dermatologist can often treat it
for you with less risk of scarring or infection.
Avoid touching your face with your fingers or leaning your face on objects that collect
sebum and skin residue like your phone. Touching your face can spread the bacteria that cause
pores to become inflamed and irritated. To keep bacteria at bay, wash your hands before
applying anything to your face, such as treatment creams or makeup.
If you wear glasses or sunglasses, make sure you clean them frequently to keep oil from
clogging the pores around your eyes and nose.
If you get acne on your body, try not to wear tight clothes. They don't allow skin to breathe
and may cause irritation. Scarves, headbands, and caps can collect dirt and oil, too.
Remove your makeup before you go to sleep. When buying makeup, make sure you choose
brands that say "noncomedogenic" or "nonacnegenic" on the label. Throw away old makeup that
smells or looks different from when you first bought it.
Keep hair clean and out of your face to prevent additional dirt and oil from clogging your
pores.
Protect your skin from the sun. It may seem like tan masks acne, but it's only temporary. A
tan may worsen your acne, not improve it. Tanning also causes damage to skin that will
eventually lead to wrinkles and increase your risk of skin cancer.
Hair: How to Maintain Healthy Hair: A Few Basic Tips
1. Its normal to lose 100 to 150 strands of hair a day so don't panic when you see a small bunch
crawling across your tiled floor.
2. Comb wet hair with extreme care because they're fragile and prone to breakage. Take a broad
toothed comb and run it from the roots to the ends of your hair as gently as possible.
3. Trim your hair every few weeks to get rid of those brown and rough split ends. Cut about 1/4th
an inch of your hair every 6 to 8 weeks to avoid the split ends to grow out again.
4. Don't wash your hair every day and whenever you do, apply some conditioner on the ends. Try
and use the same brand of shampoo and conditioner.
5. Rinse the conditioner off with cold water as it is good for both strength and shine.
6. Unlike the labels on the back of our food items, the labels on the back of our shampoos are mostly
left unread.
7. If you've got dry hair then it's best to avoid coloring.

Nails: Fingernail care: Do's and don'ts

To keep your fingernails looking their best:

Keep fingernails dry and clean. This prevents bacteria from growing under your fingernails.
Repeated or prolonged contact with water can contribute to split fingernails. Wear cotton-
lined rubber gloves when washing dishes, cleaning or using harsh chemicals.
Practice good nail hygiene. Use a sharp manicure scissors or clippers. Trim your nails
straight across, then round the tips in a gentle curve.
Use moisturizer. When you use hand lotion, rub the lotion into your fingernails and cuticles,
too.
Apply a protective layer. Applying a nail hardener might help strengthen nails.
Ask your doctor about biotin. Some research suggests that the nutritional supplement biotin
might help strengthen weak or brittle fingernails.
Fingernail care: Don'ts
To prevent nail damage, don't:

Bite your fingernails or pick at your cuticles. These habits can damage the nail bed. Even a
minor cut alongside your fingernail can allow bacteria or fungi to enter and cause an
infection. Pull off hangnails. You might rip live tissue along with the hangnail. Instead,
carefully clip off hangnails.
Ignore problems. If you have a nail problem that doesn't seem to go away on its own or is
associated with other signs and symptoms, consult your doctor or dermatologist for an
evaluation.
Use harsh nail care products. Limit your use of nail polish remover. When using nail polish
remover, opt for an acetone-free formula.

Teeth: To prevent gum disease:

Brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste.
Floss once a day.
Visit your dentist regularly for a checkup and cleaning.
Eat a well-balanced diet.
 Quit smoking. Smoking increases your risk for gum disease.

d. Common Problems of the skin, hair, nails & teeth.

Skin: 1. Acne
Acne is a skin disorder that causes pimples when the passageway that connects the skins
pores to the oil glands becomes clogged.
2. Eczema
Eczema is a "grab-bag term," which Alexiades-Armenakas said comes from the Greek word for "boils
over."
3. Seborrheic Dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis, which causes oily, waxy patches to develop on the scalp, is distinct from
other forms of dermatitis.
4. Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the United States.
5. Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic and disfiguring genetic disease.
Hair:
Head Lice (Pediculosis Capitis) ...
Hair Loss (Alopecia Areata) ...
Dandruff. ...
Folliculitis. ...
Ringworm, Scalp (Tinea Capitis) ...
Hair Loss, Female Pattern Baldness (Female Pattern Alopecia) ...
Hair Loss, Male Pattern Baldness (Male Pattern Alopecia) ...
Mole, Atypical (Atypical Nevus)

Nails: Nail discolouration

Lifted nail plate
Thickened nails
Ridged nails
Splitting nails
Deformed or brittle nails
Bacterial infection of the nail
Inflammation of the skin alongside the nail paronychia
Fungal infection
Unusual nail shape
Unusual nail shape such as the nails becoming concave can be caused by iron deficiency.
Nail tumours
Splinter haemorrhages of the nail

Teeth: Sensitivity in your teeth can happen for several reasons, including:
tooth decay (cavities)
fractured teeth.
worn fillings.
gum disease.
 worn tooth enamel.
exposed tooth root.