Svarinska, Asja - Latvian in 25 Lessons

ASJASVARINSKA
LatvieSu
valoda
MACIBUKURSS
NODARBIBAM
Latvian
lessons
in 25
Ab(
tr zvACZnt
SATURS.- TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PriekSvrds.- Foreword.
1. nodarbbo.Latvieualfabets.- The Latvian Alphabet..............6
2. noda.rbbo.Kas tas (t, tie, ts) ir? .............. ............8
3. nodarbtba.Yieta un laiks: kur?, kad?,cikos? ........74
4. nodarbtbo.Kas es esmu?Kas man ir? .,....................................19
5. nodarblbo.Mana gimene .....................23
6. nodarbtba. Es dzivoju Rig, studeju Latvijas Universitt,
bet vl nerunjulatviski ......................27
7. nodarbbo.Msu mja .......... ...............31
8. nodarbbo.Ko tu dari?Tieaispapildintjs .......................,.,..35
9. nodarbbo.Kafejnica,restorns ...,......38
10. nodq.rbo.Es eju uz universitti, un es nku
no universittes. Ko dara citi? ............42
11.nodarblbo.IepirkSans............ ..........46
12. nod.arbbo.Gadalaikiun laiks Latvij....... ............50
13. nodarbbo.Mcit un mcities ..............54
14. nodq.rbba.IepazTans............. ............60
75. nodarbbo.Cilvks .............64
16. nodq.rbba.Kasjums patik/nepatik, garo/negaro,
sp/nesp? .......67
17. nodarbo.Sarunas ...........7L
18.nodarbto.Smiekliir vislabkszles ..................75
19. nodarbba. RTga un Vecriga. .................78
20. nod.a.rbo.
Veseligsdzivesveids ..........82
21. nodarbbq. Kas tev ir, un k tev nav? ....................88
22. nodarbbo.Ms braucamviesos....:............... .........90
23.nod.arbba. Esjums gribu paststit par ... .............94
24. nodarbtbo.Mans draugsvai mana draudzene ....... 99
:.................,
25. nodarbbo.Ko js esatizdarijis/-usi? 101
..................
Pieliltums: ........-..106
Lietvrdugalotnes ................106
Prievrdulietojums ...............107
Ipaibasvrdu un apstkfavrdu salidzinmspakpes............108
Darbibasvrds.1. konjugcija............... .....................109
PRIEKSVARDS
Pasauleir apmram 6000 valodu, un valodu daudzveidibair viens
no nkotnes problmu aspektiem. Intensiv iedzivotju prvietoa-
ns ir radijusi jaunu valodassituciju,un ir prieks, ka daudzi latvie5u
valodu uzskata par bagtinansavotu un vlasto apgut. T vi4iem
ir ne tikai savaskompetencespierdijums darba tirgu, bet ari cie4as
apliecinjums.
Si grmata ir tapusi, strdjot ar rvalstu studentiem LU Valodu
centr. T paredztadarbam grup skolotja vadib, bet tikpat labi
to var izmantot ari individulm studijm. Taj domin lietit<ako-
munikativa pieejavalodai, nepretendejotuz dzifu gramatikas un va-
lodas ipatnibu izpeti. sis latvieuvalodasmcbu lidzeklis sastvno
25 nodarbibm, kas strukturtas t, lai, apgstot paSus nepiecie-
amkosgramatikas jedzienus, interesents vartu tos izmgint si-
tuativos vingrinjumos, bet pec tam jau lietot ikdienas situcijs.
T k par nodarbibu starpniekvalodu ir izmantota angfu valoda,
grmat tiek dots vrdu tulkojums vai nu patekst, vai atseviki
nodarbibai pievienot vrdnici4. Btu vlams katram, kas mcs,
veidot savu individulo vrdnicu, apgustamotmu ikreiz papildint
ar sev aktuliem vrdiem un vrdkopm.
Darb pie mcibu lidzekJair izmantota gan pamju,gan rzemju
mcibu grmatu autoru pieredzeun valodasmetodi\u ierosinjumi,
bet galvenokrt pieredze LIJ Valodu centr, prbaudot osmcibu
materilus praks, proti, palidzot interesentiem apgut latvieu va-
lodu gan individuli, gan daZdsgrups.
sis mcibu kurss ir paredztstiem, kuri tikai sk mcitieslatvieu
valodu un vlas tri apgut ts pamatiemanas,proti, spju gan pa-
jautt kaut ko otram, gan paamatbildet uz jautjumiem, lai iesais-
titos daZdsikdieniI,<s saruns (piem., iepazistinot citus ar sevi,
ieprkoties,dot utt.). Paredzot,ka 5dsomu spelaizsciesdiarogs
tiks adaptets un turpints relaj situcij, tematiski galven uz-
maniba tiek pieversta cilvkam (BS ajpasaul:kas esmu es pats,
kas ir man apkrt, kas man patik, garoutt.), pakpeniskipapla5inot
tematu loku un hdz ar to ari leksiku.
Turklt katra nodarbiba tiek balstita uz noteiktu gramatisko ma-
terilu, nostiprinot lietojuma iema4as ar vingrinjumiem.
Tulkojums dots tekst, k ari klt pievienotajvrdnic tdf, lai
skum tekstu vartu uztvert kopum un tikai pc tam ar vrdncas
palidzibu to saprastupilnib.
Mcibu kurs ir 25 nodarbibas.T k valodasapguvesslodzepak-
peniski aug, informativi piestintksnodarbibas (piem., 18. nod.
par atgiezeniskajiemdarbibasvrdiem) btu ipaijpielgo atlases
veid katras grupas individulajm prasibm. Tomr uzskatu, ka
vietumis ir nepiecieamsinformativs prskats, jo is grmatas uz-
devumsir pardit vienkopus svarigkolatvieuvalodasgramatiskaj
sistm, lai pc tam is pamatzinanasvartu likt liet, no atse-
vilriemvrdiem, frzm, teikumiem k no liegeliiem katram paam
bvjot savu mju - ststijumu par sevi, saviem draugiem, savm
studijm, interesm un iespaidiem,isk sakot, par savu dzivi.
Asja Svarinska,
LU Valodu centra lehtore
FOREWORD
There are approximately 6.000 languagesin the world and the
great variety of languagesis one aspect of future problems. A new
language situation has been createdby an intense increasein new-
comers.It is a joy that many of them consider Latvian a source of
enrichment and want to master it. This is not simply a proof of their
competencebut also an acknowledgementof respect.
The book was developedworking with foreigners in the LU Lan-
guage Centre. It is intended for group work with a teacher's guid-
ance but is equally useful for independent study. A communicative
approachto the languageis dominant - there is no deepresearchof
grammar and language characteristics. This textbook consists of
25 lessons,so structured that the reader,mastering the most essen-
tial grammar concepts,can practisethem in the related exercisesand
then use them in daily situations.
SinceEnglish is used as the intermediary languagefor the lessons,
translations are given in the book, either in the text or in the vo-
cabulary attachedto eachlesson.It is recommendedto compile one's
own vocabulary collection, constantly complementing the acquired
subjectwith words and phrasesneeded.
The book has a supplement - a gammar summary, which can
serve as a base for further study of Latvian.
In compiling this textbook,the experienceof local and foreign text-
book writers and languagemethodologyas well as the experienceof
the author in the LU LanguageCentre, testing these teaching mate-
rials in practice have been used.
Asja Svarinska,
LU Language Centre lecturer
1. NODA R B I B A
LATVIESUALFABETS.
THE LATVIANALPHABET.
Letters Example Approximate

pronuncation
A a galds(table),galva (head) but, sun

a mte (mother), msa (sister) father, car
B b brlis (brother),balts(whte) big, butter
Cc cit (others),cefot (to trauel) cats
O etri (four), eks (check) child, church
D d diena (day), darit (to do) day
Dz dz dzert (to drinh), dzlve (life) buds
D d, dadi:i (thistle), d,emperisumper) jump
E e 1) es (1),2) esmu (I am) 1) egg, 2) bad
n e 1) st (lo ea),2) tvsfather) 1) chair, 2) flat
F f foto (photo),filma (mouie) fun, find
Gg galds (table), gads Qear) good, give
g gimene (family), gitra @uitar) (anintermediarybetween
-g- and paatal -d-)
H h humors (humour), himna (hymn) hello, half
Ii silts (warm), ilgt (long) tip, sit
ii iss (sorl), tris (three) feet, three
I
Jj jauns Qoung), js (yoa) yes, you
Kk kja (leg), kafija (coffee) king (no aspiration)
Kk kakis (cat), \ermenrs (body) (voiceesscounterpart
I L I labs ('ood),lampa (lamp)

]audis (people),lot (uery)
of )
lamp, look
I
I/ I million
M m mate (mother), maja (house) milk, main
N n nazis (hnife), nakts (niqht) night, no
N + +emt (to take) new
Oo 1) ola (egg),logs (window) 1) wallet, 2) rob
I P p
2) foto (photo),3)opera (opera)
putns (brd), puika (lod)
3) oil, more
pen, pencil
R r roka (hqnd, arm), RTga brogue (no aspiration)
S s suns (dog), seja (face) seven, sit
S s eit(here),is (tls) she, shoe
Tt tvs (fqther), tagad (now) ten, tall (no aspiration)
Uu uguns (fire), upe (riuer) look, put
u dens (water) food, fool
Vv vecs(old), visi (all) vote, vine
Zz zeme(eq.rth),zles (medcine) zero, lazy
zn ,el (pity), Zurnls (iourn'al) pleasure
Diphtongs
ai is pronouncedlike English fine;

tnir" (bread),bailes (fear fright), laime (happiness)
au is pronouncedlike English orl;
jaiks (fine, nice), LauLa(nation) , augsts (high), auksts (cold),
draugs (friend)
ei is pronouncedlike English PreY:
meita (daughter),Eiropa, h,leita'(dtess)
ui no counterpart in English:
puika (boy,lad)
s [uol ola (egd, skola (school),Iogs (window), soma (bag)
ie is pronouncedlike English ear;
,rriugt (snow), et (to go), iela (street, road), ieeja (entran'ce),
liep (tim e-tr ee), latvieu valoda (the L atui an I ang uag e)
Observe signoverand underthe letters!

the addiional
signfor g, [<,l, !i
1) palatalization
2) signor ch,sh,voicedsh = , , ;
of thevowels, , i, .
3) signor lengthening
stress is usuallyon the firstsyllable:grmata(book),es nelasu(l am not

reading),pecpusdiena (afte
rnoon).
Lasiet! Pievrsiet uzmanibu aurajai e, ska4ai (A) un platajai e,

ska+ai (B).
Read. Pay attention to the pronunciation of e, e sound'
n, - dstit,veseliba,redzsi,sdsim,eglei,snei,cIiens,seja,
u"ce,cef,ritenis, me, mes,bezgaligs, saule,priede, es, bet, ne,
n, pec, nest, vest, st, audzt, mct, zrmt, meklt, peldet, sdet,
tetiis, kamene,tvija, \ede, drbnieks,ne!!e, nedefa,mrlfis' splet,
skatuve,vvere, okens,te, eit,sekunde,dzert, slepes,dejot, medit,
debesis,egle,elle, ekonomika,eksmens,eksperiments,dnca,eksis-
tence
E E, - dena, na, retums, vstule, led, vetrains, tlot,
telpa,
Zlot, vsture, vecki, nains, ezer,gleznains, uznmums, vtra,
galvenais,peldus, elkonis, cena, sekot, vedekla, vsks, sega, dels,
sdus,elpa,esma,metu, sens,senatne,peni, esmu, ka
Standardphrases
Sveiks! Sveiki! Hellol How do you do! (meeting)
Good-byel(parting)
Labdien! Labrit! Labvakar! Gooddayl Goodmorning!
Goodevening!
Uz redzSanos! Good-byelSo ong!
Piedodiet! Excuseme! I beg your pardon!
Atvainojiet! I am sorry!
Nekas, ldzu! That is all right!
Paldies! Thanks!
Ldzu! Pleasel
Labprt! Gladly, with pleasure.
Dieml unfortunatey; I am afraid
K tevi (is) sauc?
What is your name?
Kds ir tavs 0su) vrds?
one shouldrememberthat thereare 2 orms o the personalpronounyou - tu
(the singularform) and ls (the pluralorm).
Hotel Youuse u when addressinga personyou know well or a child,butps

f -
I whef addressinga person,who is not familiarwith you or is older than you.
2. NODARBIBA
KAS TAS (TA, TIE, TAS)tR?

Singular
Kas tas ir? (What is that?)

"@
-f:-\il
tu
lll tlJ
*
Tas ir galds. Vai tas ir gads?J, tas ir galds. (N, tas nav galds.)
Kas tas ir? Tas ir logs.
Vai ... ... galds?N, tas ir logs.Bet kas tas

J, ... ...... . (N, ... ... ... .)
Kas tas ir? Tas ir vecs Zurns,
mens ka\is,
cel,
tvs,
labs draugs,
M
liels kugis,
jauns pulkstenis,
ledus,
liels tirgus,
sadsmedus.
/r7-/
/ . ^
Kas t ir? L'W T ir grmata. Vai t ir grmaLa?J, t r
w
grmata. N, t nav ... .
Kas t ir? Ta ir veca vrdnica. Vai ... ... ...

jauna, nevis veca vrdnica.
Kas t ir? Ta ir mja,
msa, laba draudzene,

liela lampa,
garSiga sne,
smarZiga pube,
gariga zemene,
P,
jra,
sirds,
uguns.
In Latvianthere are two genders.Masculinenouns in the nominativecase,

singular,end in -s/-5,-is or -us. Femininenounshaveendings-a, -e or some-
times -s. There are six cases in Latvian.The nominativecase answersthe
questionwhat?/who?
! Note: ln Latvianthere is no differencebetweenwhat and who - kas is useq

or both - personsand things.
Kas tas ir? Tas ir Jnis. Kas tas ir? Tas ir galds.
Kas t ir? T ir meitene. Kas t ir? Ta ir grmata.
Plural
Kas tie ir? Tie ir galdi,
log.,
veci Zurnli,
lieli koki,
ka\i,
cefi,
tvi, labi draugi,
lieli kugi,
jauni pulkste4i,
lieli tirgi.
Kas ts ir? Ts ir grmatas,
vrdnrcas,
mtes,
draudzenes,
senes,
zemenes,
upes,
jras,
vecaslampas,
gudras meitenes,
sirdis,
govis.
10
w1
*'
s
ta
Kas tur (there) ir?

Tur ir ...
Thereis not a fixedwordorderin Latvian.

Thewordorderin a sentence
can
be changed.
but - to be
Present - Tagadne Past - Pagtne Future - Nkotne
es esmu (I am) es biju (I was) es bu (I shall be)
tu esi tu biji tu bsi
vi4 ir vi4 bija vi4 bs
ti1ra ir vi4a bija vi4a bs
mes esam ms bijm mes bsim

js esat js bijt js bsit, bsiet
vi4i ir vi4i bija vi4ri bs
vinas ir vir,rasbija vi4as bs
Note! To be has the same orm or the 3d personsingularand the 3d person
a plur al.
The Presentinterrogativeand riegativeforms.

Vai es esmu? (Am l?) Es neesmu. (l am not.)
Vai tu esi? (Areyou?) Tu neesi. (Youare not.) ec.
L2
Atbildiet uz jautjumiem!
Answer the questions.
Kas js esat?Es esmu students/studente.
Vai js esat vcietis?J, es esmu vcietis. Es esmu no Vcijas.
Vai js esatvciete?N, es neesmuvciete,es esmu somiete.Es esmu
no Somijas.Mani sauc... . Mans vrds ir ... .
Transferring
a oreignplacenameinto Latvian,
very oftenan ending-a is
addedto the wordendinoin a consonant:
London- Londona.Stockholm -
Stokholma.
The use of suffixis verv common in the word ormation.
Countries:-ii-a Lansuaees:-isk-i
Latvija atviski
Krievija krieviski
Spnija spniski
Nationalities: -iet-is (masc.);-iet-e (fem.)

latvietis latviete
krievs krieviete
spnis spniete
No kdasvalstsjs esat?Kda ir jsu nacionalitte?Kd valodjs
runjat? Es runju ... (I speak...)
Kas vi4 ir? Kas vi4a ir? Kds vi45 ir? Kda vi4a ir? Kdi ms esam?
Kds ir isjautjums? Interesants - neinteresants.Labs - slikts.
Vrdnica.- Vocabulary.
avize, laikraksts newspaper
urnls journal, magazine
brlis un msa brother and sister
brlens, msca cousin
draugs un draudzene friend and girl-friend, playmate
meitene un zens girl and boy
mte un tvs mother and father
jautjums question
jra un upe sea and river
ledus ice
medus honey
nevis tikai not only
13
tirgus market
uguns (fem) fire
balts white
bruns brown
dzeltens yellow
melns black
sarkans red
za! gTeen
zils blue
gar5rgs - negarigs: tasty - nasty

labs - slikts: good - bad
mazs - liels: smaI, little - big
skaists - neglrts: beautiful - ugly
vecs - jauns: old - new, young
smarigs smelling, aromatic
3. NODARBIBA
VIETAUN LAIKS:KUR?,KAD?,CIKOS?
)
///

V )
-
22
".N -
Kur ir galds?Galdsir tet(here).Istab.Kur ir studenti?Auditorij'
Kur ir boli? Veikal vai (or) tirgar.
T4
The locativecase indicatesplace or time. Singularlocativecase endingsal-
havea longvowel.
'urays
Kur ir logs? Logs ir te (here),bet koks ir tur (there).Kur ir koki?
Koki ir park.
Kad ir auksti? Ziema ir auksti. Kad ir karsti? Vasar.
Lietvrdu galotnes lokativ.

The Locativeendings of nouns.
1. dekl. 2. dekl. 3. dekl. 4. dekl. 5. dekl. 6. dekl.
viensk. -a -l -t -a -e -l
(sg.)
Lok
daudzsk. -os -os -os -s -s -rs
(pt.)
Piemeram:
1. tv - tevos 4. ms - mss
2. brh - brJos 5. mt - mts
3. tirgu - tirgos 6. ugun - ugunis
Kur ir studenti? Vi4i ir ... (Latvija, mja, universitte, parks, dzi-
voklis, trolejbuss, tramvajs, automa5ina, meZs, veikals, tirgus,
tetris, izstde,muzejs, ku{"is,kinozle, pils (fem.- castleor palace;
loc. - pili), valsts (fem.),skapis,koks, kafejnica,dnica,gulta, virtuve,
ekcija, nodarbiba)
Kas ir pfav?Pfav ir pu\<e.(There is a flower in the meadow.)
Kur ir pu,.e?Pu[re ir pJav.(The flower is in the meadow.)
Kas ir kokos?Putni (birds). Kur ir putni? ...
Uzmanibu!Nesajauciet!
Attention!Don'tmix it up!
Ck (how muchlhow many): viens brlis, viena msa, divi br|i,
divas msas,tns br!i, trrs msas,etri br!i, etras msas,pieci
..., piecas ..., se5i,... septi4i,... asto4i, ... devi4i, ... desmit,vien-
padsmit, divpadsmit, trispadsmit, etrpadsmit, piecpadsmit, sepa-
dsmit, septi4padsmit, astoqpadsmit, devi4padsmit, divdesmit, div-
desmit viens ..., divdesmitviena ...,trisdesmit, etrdesmit,piecdesmit
simt/simts.
Cikos (at what time): vienos, divos, trijos, etros, piecos no rta, ...
desmitos, vienpadsmitos,trispadsmitos, vienos d,iena,... vienos
nah,t...,pusnakt, pusdesmitos,pusdivos...
15
Ievietojiet pareizo vrdu!
Put in the right word.
Kas /as ir? ... ir tevs. Kas ... ir? ... ir lampas. Kas ... ir? ... ir mte.
Kas ... ir? ... ir mja. Kas ... ir? ... ir ku$s. Kas ... ir? ... ir kafi.
Kas ...ir? ... ir koks. Kas ... ir? ... ir snes. Kas ...ir? ...ir studenti.
Kas...ir?... irjra. Kas...ir?... irpuika. Kas... ir?... irpu\e.
Lietojiet lietvardu lokativ!

Use the right noun in the locative case.
Kur ir tevs?Vil ir istaba. istaba, slimnica
Kur ir lampa?T ir ... mja, veikals, pfava
Kur ir suns?Vi4 ir ... pagalms,bibliotka,meZs
Kur ir msa?Vi4a ir ... skola, tirgus, virtuve, plaukts
Kur ir grmata? T ir ... skapis,grmatveikals,koks
Kur ir skoloija?Vi4a ir ... darbs (worlz,job), staclja, Riga
Tulkojiet latviski!
Translate into Latvian.
Father is old. Mother is good. Here is my sister. There is a table in
the room. That flower is blue. Sister is at home. That is a house.The
table is here. Father is in the meadow.The flower is in the grass
(zale).The house is old. That is an old house. That is a table. The
table ir small.
Who is there? - Father is there. Who is good?- Sister is good.Where
is mother? - Mother is at home. What is there? - A table. What col-
our is the bag?- The bag is brown. Who is your friend? - Jnis is my
friend.
There was a table in the room yesterday.- Was there a table in the
room yesterday?What was there in the room yesterday?Where was
the table yesterday?When was there a table in the room?
Lietojiet vrdus pareizaj form!

Put the words in the right form.
Kur ir lekcija?Lekcija rr (universitte). Kur
ir rentgens?Rentgensrr (poliklinika). Kur
ir avizes?Avizes ir (kiosks). Kur ir konfe-
rence?Konferenceir (institts). Kur ir pase?
Paseir (policija). Kur tu esi? Es esmu -

(auditorija). Kur js esat?Es esmu
16
Kur ir Pteris?Vin ir Kur ir rsts?rsts
ir - (reistratra). Kur ir kafejnica?Kafejnica
lr (Sarlotesiela). Kur ms esam?Ms esam

(Latvija, Latvijas Universitte, Medicinas
fakultte, pirmais (loh.: pirmajo) kurss).
Kcrsvai hur? Jautjietl

Who or where? Ask.
Tetri ir kafejntca. - Kas ir tetri? Ceks ir kase. - Kur ir eks?
Park ir fotogrfs. Vi4i ir lekcij. Tirgu ir banni. boh un
bumbieri ari ir tirg. PasaZieriir trolejbus. Arste ir kabinet.
Es esmu klase. Stres iela ir Rig. Dekants ir Sarlotes iel.
Slimnica ir Prdaugav.Prdaugav ir studentu kopmitnes.
Parveidoj iet sievieudzimt!

Change into the feminine gender.
Piemeram: Vir,rir labs draugs. - Vi4a ir laba draudzene.
Mums ir jauns rsts. - Mums ir ...
Vai tavs kolgis ir talantigs? - Vai ...
Jsu pacientsir optimists.- Jsu ...
Vi4 ir jautrs students.- ...
Kalnir,rakungs ir labs lektors. - ...

Msu skolotjsir gudrs.- Msu ...
Mans brlis ir akls,vi4 nav slinks. - ...

Man ir labi draugi. - Man ir ...
Vir,rabrlens ir slims. - ...
Msu profesorsir jauns un neprecjies.

- ...
Slimnic ir jauns $irurgs. - ...
14
LI
Vrdnca. - Vocabulary.
vieta un laiks place and time
dzlvoklis flat
istaba room
skapis wardrobe
plaukts shelf
virtuve kitchen
bols un bumbieris apple and pear
edrr- ca eating-house
kopmitne hostel
pagalms yard
veikals shop
eks cheque,check
valsts state
pase passport
stacija station
tetris theatre
izstde exhibition
muzejs museum
kino, kinozIe cinema
mes forest, wood
automarna car
biblioteka library
re{'istratra registry,reception
slimnica hospital
rsts doctor
{rirurgs surgeon
puika boy,ad
suns dog
jautrs - bdigs: cheerful, merry - sad

gudrs - mufkrgs: wise, clever - foolish
slims - vesels: sick - heathy
precjies - neprecjies,
precejusies - neprecjusies (fem.)zmarried - unmarried
18
4. NODARBIBA
KAS ES ESMU?KAS MAN IR?
T ir DZeina,bet tas ir Tarzns.

Es esmu Deina,bet tu esi Tarzns.
Es esmu ..., bet vi4 ir ... . Kajs sauc?Un kds ir jsu vrds?
Es esmu ... . Mani sauc... . Mans vrds ir ... . loti patikami. (Gtad.to
meetyou.) K tev (jums) iet?lK tev Qums)kjas? (How are you?)
bt (piederet) - to have
Apgalvojuma forma. - Affirmative.
Tagadne - Present Pagtne - Past Nkotne - Future
man 1r (I haue) man bija (I had) man bs 1 shall haue)
tev ir tev bija tev bs
vir,ram ir vinam bija vi4am bs
vi4ai ir vi4ai bija vi4ai bs
mums ir mums bija mums bs
jums ir jums bija jums bs
viniem ir vi4iem bija vi4iem bs
vi4m ir vi4m bija vi4m bs
J aut jum au n n o l i e g u m ao rma s .
The Present interrogativeand negativeforms.
Vai man ir? (Do I have?) Man nav. (I don't have.)
Vai tev ir? (Do you have?) Tev nav. (You don't have.) etc
19
Tulkojiet!
Translate.
Man ir draugs.Vi4u saucJnis. Man ir labi draugi. Es esmu studente
Latvijas Universitte Medicinas fakutt. Mani draugi ari ir stu-
denti. Mums ir nodarbibaslatvieuvalod.Mums ir ari citas lekcijas.
Vai jums ir labi draugi? Man odienir lekcija anatomij. Vai tev ari
odienir lekcijas?
Ievietojiet darbibas vardu bt pareizaj form!

Insert the right form of the verb bt.
1. Es - Mrite. 2. Yaijs - profesors Kalni4?
3. Tas Alekss. 4. Vi45 mans draugs. 5. Vai
js - Latvij agrk? 6. Ms driz - Jrmal.
7. Nesentu vel mjs. 8. vai js jau - sigulda?
9. vai js - no Indijas? 10. vai jums - draugi
dzimtene?11. Es auditorij. 12.Vi4a no Lon-
donas. 13. No kurienes hfl L4. Kur - stacija?
15. Es nekad privtskootja.16. Es driz
2. kursa studente. 17. Vai vin students?N, vinS
students. 18. Vai es _ piektaj auditorij? Ne,
tu piektaj auditorij. Si 6. auditorija.
19 .cJUS trists, bet es gide. 20. Jums
lekcija,bet man brivdiena. 2lYaiJnis un
Pteris draugi? J, vi4i draugi. 22. yi4a
skol, jo vi4ai palaik nodarbibas latvieu
valod. 23. Mes universitt, jo mums tagad _
lekcijas anatomij.
20
Uzrakstiet vrdus nominativ (daudzsk.) un lokativ (viensk. un
daudzsk.)!
Write the words in the nominative case (plural) and in the locative
case (singular and plural).
Nominativs Lokativs
Viensk. (sg.) Daudzsk. (pI.) Viensk. (sg.) Daudzsk. (pl.)
tevs tui teua teuos
meita
gimene
dels
mja
parks
iela
sieva
virs
sirds (sieu.dz.)
upe
pilsta
kugis
jra
brlis
msa
ce|
tirgus
vasts (sieu.dz.)
draugs
Kas? (what?): pirmdiena (Monday), otrdiena (Tuesday),trediena

(Wednesd ay), ceturtdiena (Th ur sd ay), piektdiena (Fr id,ay),sestdiena
(Saturday), svetdiena (Sunday), dzimanasdiena (birthday), janv-
ris, februris, marts, aprilis, maijs,jnijs, jlijs, augusts,septembris,
oktobris, novembris, decembris
Kad? (when?): pirmdien, otrdien, tredien. ceturtdien, piektdien,
sestdien, svtdien, dzimanas dien, janvri ... etc.
Cardinal numerals: viens (1), divi (2), tris (B),etri (4), pieci (5)
,
etc.
Ordinal numerals: pirmais/- (1.), otrais/-a (2.), treais/_(3.).
ceturtais/- (4.),piektais/- (5.),etc.
Lasiet!
Read.
Nkamreiz mums bs 5. nodarbiba.Tas ir 1. variants. Kur ir B. stvs?
Kur ir 340. telpa? Kds datums ir odien?Sodien ir ... ... . Kur ir
11.trolejbuss?viqrir 8. pretendents.Man ir 2 msas.Mana 2. valoda
ir anglu. Man ir 6 zimufi: f . ir zils, 2. ir zal,8. ir sarkans, 4. ir
dzeltens,5. ir brns, 6. ir melns.Jums ir 2 lampas:l. ir maza,bet2.
ir liela. 13. septembris,19. septembris,25. oktobris, 15. marts, 81.
decembris,21. novembris,21 students,21 studenteetc.
Lietojiet pareizo galotni!

Use the right ending.
Sie aboh ir drg-. Si, ,e-"r.es ir et--. Medus ir garig-.Slimnic ir
jaun- nodaf- un jaun-
!irurg-. Slimniekam ir norml- temperatr_.
Meitenei ir is- mati. vi4 ir gudr- rst-. vi4a ir akr-student-. Ilzei ir
gar-- kj--. rstam ir gar-- s--. Tirgu ir sald- un skb- bol-.
Uzrakstiet vardus ar pretju nozimi!

Write the opposites.
Iss - , tievs , abs -
vecs - , prrecrgs- skaists -
, pesimistisks- interesants-
tirs - neprecejies-
Gara - resna - slikta -

jauna - , bdiga - neglita -
, optimistiska - nenteresanta -
, netrra , precjusies-
22
palaik now,just now
nkamreiz, nkoreiz next time
agrk before, earlier
datrez sometimes
odien today
tagad now, at present
vakar un aizvakar yesterdayand the day before
yesterday
nt un parit tomorrow and the day after
tomorrow
nedfa week
menesis month
gads year
$imene family
vrrs un sieva husband and wife
meita un dls daughter and son
vecmmi4a un vectvs grandmother and grandfather
mazmeita un mazdels granddaughterand grandson
mati hair
sas moustache
kja leg
roka hand
zrmulis pencil
drgs - lts: expensive- cheap

iss - gar: short - long
salds - skbs: sweet - sour
tievs - resns: thin, slim - stout, fat
priectgs - bdrgs: glad,joyful - sad, sorrowful
tlrs - netirs: clean - unclean, dirtY
5. NODARBIBA
MANAIMENE
Man ir laba $mene. Mana gimeneir liela. Lk, ajattl (sk. 24. lpp.)
ir mana ["imene!Te ms visi esamkop. T ir mana mte. Vi4u sauc
Anna. Tas ir mans tevs. Vi4u saucJuris. Mana mte ir mjsaimniece,
bet mans tvs ir rsts. Vi4 ir foti aiz4.emts,vi4 strd slimnic,
vi+ ir kirurgs. Bet t ir mana vecmmiqa.Vi4as vrds ir Aina. Vi4a
23
ir pensionre. Agrk vi4a bija skolotja. VecttiTir Jnis. Jnis
Latvij ir Joti populrs vrds. Vi4 ari ir pensionrs.Kdreiz (once)
vili bija jrnieks. Lk, te ir mana msa un vinas virs! Vili ir
precejuies,un viniem ir divi berni. Manas msas virs Pteris
nestrd.VigSpalaikir bezdarbnieks.DaZreizvi4 strd drz,bet
vi4 nav drznieks. Darbs darz ir via hobijs. Mana msa Maija ir
Ptera sieva.Pteris ir vinas virs. Maija ir energiskaun gudra. Vi4u
brni ir Ieva un Andris. Andris ir skolnieks,bet Ieva iet bernudrz.
Mans brlis Imants ari ir akls, vi4 nav slinks. Vir,rir arhitekts.
Mana gimene ir lieliska. T ir draudziga gimene. Imants ir mans
veckaisbrlis, bet man ir ari jaunkais brlis. Vi4, tpat k vectvs,
ari ir Jnis. Vi4am ir sepadsmitgadu, un vir,rstude koled. Mani
br|i, tpat k es,nav precejuies.Imantam ir ligava, bet vi4as eit -
attel nav. Saj attel ir ari msu suns Reksis. Msu suns nav
dusmigs,vi4 ir draudzigs.
24
Sakiet,ldzu, cik cilvku ir msu gimen!Cikbrnu ir msu gimen?
cik cilveku ir manas msasgimen?cik cilvku ir jsu gimen?K
saucjsu $menes locekfus?Kas vi4i ir? vai jums ir brlni un msi-
cas?Kur palaik ir jsu vecki?Vai jums ir vecvecki?
veidojiet jautjumus!
Make questions.
1. Tas ir tevs. Kas vi+ ir? Vai vi4 ir jsu tvs?
2. T ir mte.
3. Sis ir skolotjs.
4. Tas ir galds.
5. T ir meitene,bet tas ir zns.
The adjectiveis declinedto agreewiththe noun.lt takesthe samegender,

numberandcaseasthenoun.The(indeinite) endingsarethesame
adjective
as hosefor the mostcommonmasculine and emininenouns.vecs ir de-
clinedas the noun galds.Veca is declinedas the noungramata'
Veidojiet j autjumus vai atbildes!

Make questions or alswers'
1. Kds Sodienir laiks?
2. Msu gimene ir |oti jauka.
3. Mana msa ir loti skaista.
4.Kada ir jsu mja?
5. Kds odienir datums?
6. Grmata ir interesanta.
7. Kds ir jsu garastvoklis?(mood, spirits)
8. Kd krs ir rozes?
9. Kdi ir jsu mcibu Priekmeti?
10. Ekonomika ir |oti grts mcibu priekmets.
11. Mja ir liela. ... Vai t ir jauna, ueca,augsta' zetrlqmja?
12. Istaba ir plaa un erta.
13. Logs r plats un /rs.
14. Cik ir pulkstenis?
15. Cik tev (jums) ir gadu?
16. Cikos ir msu nodarbiba?
17. Cik ir pieci un etri?
18. Vai divi un tris ir etri?
19. Vai js esat dusmigs?
20. Vai js jau esat rsti?
21. Kdi jums ir mjdzivnieki?
22. Medicinas fakultt ir dadimcibu priekmeti'
23. Universitt stude studenti no Eiropas.
25
Dialogs. - Dialogue.
- Labdien, Anna! - Hello, Anna!

- Sveiks,Jni! - Hello, Janis!
- Anna, iepazistiesar manu - Anna, meet my friend Juris.
draugu Juri.
- Priecjos,Juri. - Pleasedto meetyou, Juris.
- Si ir mana draudzeneIlze. - This is my friend Ilze.
- Patikami iepazities. - (It's) nice to nteetyou.
- K tev iet? (K tev kljas?) - How are you?
- Paldies,abi. - Thanh you, fine.
- Un tev? - And you?
- Paldies,var iztikt. - Thank you, I'm all right (not so
bad).
f ruotetDidyou noticethatbothK tev(jums)iet?andKa tev(jums)ktjas?are

as "Howareyou?".
o translated
Labrit, Kalni4a kungsl (Janis Kalni4. Kalni4a kungs. For polite in-
troduction (rre used the words: kungs - Mr. and kundze - Mrs., Miss -
jaunkundze:Kalni4a kundzeMrs . Kalniryais Mn Kalniry'wife (sieva).
Virs - husband.)
K jums kljas? - Man kljas labi, paldies! - Si ir mana sieva Ieva
Kalni4a. - Ldzu, iepazistietiest.(Please,make acquaintqnce.)- Prie-
cjos!
lk! look! there!
viss, visi all
kop together
mjsaimniece housekeeper
foti aiznemts very busy
vi4 strd he works, he is working
bezdarbnieks unemployed
drzs un drznieks garden and gardener
jra un jrnieks sea and sailor
26
skolnieks, skolniece pupil
veckais un jaunkais older and younger
ligava un ligavainis bride and bridegroom
vecki. vecvecki parents, grandparents
gimenes locekfi members of family
mjdzivnieki pets
laiks time; weather
mcibu priekmets subject
tpat k just (as)
sacit (sakiet!) to say,to tell (say!tell!)
priecjos I am gad delighted).
lielisks excellent
draudzlgs - dusmrgs: friendly - angry

jauks - nejauks: nice - bad, nasty,ugly
augsts - zems: high - low
plas - aurs: wide, broad - narrow
6. NODARBIBA
ES DZIVOJURiC,
STUDJULATVIJASUNIVERSITT,
BETVL NERUNJU LATVISKI
Darbibas vrds. - The Verb.
1. konjugcija 2. konjugcija 3. konjugcija

-o-, --, -e-, -i-, -- --, --,-i-, -in-
pirkt - to buy dzivot - to liue, celot - dziedt, gribet,
4emt - to tq,l?,e to trauel,lidot - to fly dallt, sveicint
dzert - to drinh, strdt - to worlz,makst -
st - to eat to pay, runt - to speak,
jautt - to ask, domt -
to thinh,, mazgat - to wash
meklet - to loolz/or splet -
to play, zlmeL - to draw,
medrt - to hunt
dabt - to get
27
dzivot - to li've
Tagadne Pagtne Nkotne
Es dzivoju dzivoju dzivou
Tu dzivo dzivoji dzivosi
Vin t
)
I ozrvo dzivoja dzivos
vlnd
Ms dzivojam dzivojm dzivosim
Js dzivojat dzvojt dzTvositldzlvosiet
Vini -
i dzivo dzivoja dzivos
v lnas )
Kur js dzivojat? Kur js dzivojt pagjuajgad?Kur dzivo jsu

vecki? Kur js dzvosiet ajgad?Kur js driz lidosiet? Kad js
celosiet uz Igauniju (Estonia)? Kur js strdjat? Kur strd jsu
msasun br]i? Kur js strdsietSoziem?Cik maks maizeLatvij?
Cik maks idojums uz Latviju? Kur futbolisti splefutbolu? Vai js
spljat alnu(chess)?Vai js spjat klavieres? Vai js runjat
atviski? Kd valodjs runjat? Kur dzivo igau4i un ietuviei?Vai
js studejat late5u valodu?Kur js studjat?Vai js domjat studet
par rstu?
Veidojiet teikumus pe dotajiem piemriem!

Make sentences following the patterns.
Es esmu no Latvijas. Es esmu latvietis. Es dzivoju un studju Rig.
Es runju latviski.
Tagad es Rig.
Tu - Anglija, anglis, Krievija, krieviski

Vi - Zviedrija, zviedrs,Amerika, angliski
Ms - Indija, indie5i, Igaunija, igauniski
Js - Vcija,vcie5i,Itlija, itliski
Vi4i - Spnija, sp4i, Kanda, franciski
Vi4a - Dnija, dniete, Lietuva, dniski un lietuviski
Vi4as - Francija, franczietes,Austrlija, angliski
Es ...
t-
I
I 28
I
I
I
I
Piederibasvietniekvrdi.- The Possessive pronouns.
. mans. mana musu mans dzvoklis

I tavs. tava Jusu mana adrese
I vir.ra, vi4as vlnu
Es dzivoju Rig, Stres iel 2a. Mans brlis Juris ari dzivo Rig.Vi4a
adrese ir Rig, Lplaiel !2, dzivoklis 19. Mani vecki nedzivo
kop ar mums. Vi4i dzivo laukos, nevis pilst. Mana msa nedzivo
kop ar veckiem,vila ir precjusies,vi4a un vi4as virs dzlvo rze-
mes.Vi4i strd Kand,bet vi4u meita pa5laik dzivo un stude irij.
Vi4as adresi es dieml nezinu. Sakiet, ldzu, kda ir jsu adresel
Vai js dzivojat studentu kopmitns?Vai js lrjat (to rent) dzTvokli
Rig?Vai jums ir privtmja?
Veidojiet teikumus pc dotajiem piemriem!

Make sentencesfollowing the patterns.
Agrk vi45 bija skolnieks, tagad vi4 ir students, bet driz vir,rbs
skolotjs.
Tu ... skolotjs... sekretrs... tuks (interpreter)
Js ... inZenieri ... strdnieki ... arhitekti
Vi4a ... profesore... direktore ... ministre
Vi4as ... studentes... arhitektes ... mkslinieces
Ms ... prdevejas... studentes... msi4as
Es ...
Ievietojiet darbibas vrdu but (to be, to haae) pareizaj form!
Insert the right forms of the verb obe - b.t and to haae - piedert.
1. Es mte. Man tris berni. Man driz
mazbrni.
2. Vina arhitekte. Vi4a foti aizlemta.

Agrk vi4a studente.
Js studenti. Jums draugi. Js
draugi.
4. Tu students.Tev sieva.Tu
zobrsts.Tev pacients.
K Vi4i brJi. Vai vi4i studenti? N,
vini studenti.
29
6. I{an draudzene. Vi4a gudra. Man
gudra draudzene.
7. Mums Iiela gimene. Man 2 msas

un 2 brli.
8. Js rsts.Jums liela privtprakse.
Tkojiet!
Translate.
My father is a teacher.What is his father? My mother is a teacher,
too. Here (delr) is my sister. Is my sister at home? - Yes, she is at
home. That is my home. That is my house. It is here. Is that your
house?It is old (ueca).Who is there (tur)? - My father. Where is my
mother? - She is in the room. Is your house old?Where are we?- We
are at home. Are you in the room? - Yes,we are there. Where is my
chair (hrsls)?- It is in my room. Is the house white (bq,lta)?- Yes,it
is white. Father is old. Mother is good.That flower is blue (zila). The
flower is in the grass(zal).What is there? - A table.
pagjuais gads, prn last year

ogad, aj gad this year, in this year
nkamgad nex year
aj ziem, oziem this winter
lidojums flight
klavieres piano
valoda language
pilsta, lielpilsta un lauki town, city and country
rzemes foreign countries
dieml unfortunately
es nezinu I don't know
mkslinieks artist, painter
prdevejs/-a seller,shop-assistant
medicrnas msina nurse
driz soon
zobrsts dentist
Anglija England
Dnija Denmark
Francija France
Igaunija Estonia
Indija India
30
16lija Italy
Kanda Canada
Krieja Russia
Lietrrva Lithuania
Spanija Spain
\cija Germany
Zviedrija Sweden
un t tlk and so on, etc.
7. NODARBiBA
MUSUMAJA
Mes dzivojam Rig, Prdaugav,Stres iel2a. Msu mja nav liela.

T ir divstvu mja. Msu mj ir gaiavirtuve, mazavannasistaba,
tualete, dzivojam istaba un gufamistabas.Pirmaj stv ir priek-
nams un gaitenis.Dzivojamistabair liela. Sajistabir divns,brns
galds, daZi brni krsli, grmatu plaukts, televizors un dators. Gu-
famistab, kas ir otraj stv, ir gulta un skapis. Sienastur ir gai5i
zilas, griesti ir balti, bet grida ir brna. Tur ir ar tumi zafpakljs
un vairkas lampas.Dzivojam istab ir divi plati logi, bet virtuve ir
tikai viens Saurslogs.Virtuve ir maza,bet mjiga. Tur ms gatavojam
31
brokastis un vakari4as.Ms, vairki studenti, izmantojam vienu vir-
tuvi. Tur ir ledusskapis,elektrisk plits, izlietne, siltais un aukstais
dens, neliels galds.Mums patik vakaros satikties virtuv un runt
par msu dziv Latvi;. Vannasistabir vanna, dua un spogulis. i
Starp pirmo un otro stm ir kpnes. I
Paststiet,kda ir jsu mja!
Lietojiet atbilsto5o piederibas vietniekvrdu!

Use the possessive pronoun.
Mans televizors, mana mja, ledusskapis,

guJamistaba vze,- skapis,
lampa, galds, pakjs, dators,
telefons, griesti, grmatas,
sienas, kpnes, durvis (fem.),
tualete, grida, dzivoklis,
gulta, divns, virtuve,
atptas kresls, draugs, - drau-
dzene, draugi, draudzenes
viesis, - viesi.
Prveidojiet teikumus daudzskaitli!

Change the phrases into the plural.
Man ir liels darzs. - Mums ir lieli dq.rzi.
Vi4am ir sarkana lampa.
Es studju augstskol.
Mana istaba ir maza.
Tava msica ir jauka meitene.
Vi4as brlens vakari4o restorn.

Tev ir gai5aistaba.
ViqS bs lekcij.
Cik maks isbols?
Cik maks i kka?
32
l
Man bija liela mja.
Tu dzivo liel pilst.

Es dzivoju lab rajon.
Vir,rastrd skol.
Veidojiet teikumus no dotajiem vrdiem!

Make sentences from the given words,
1. Pasts,liela, bija. 2. Ir, istaba,gai5s.3. Skaists,ir, marka. 4.Vannas-
istaba,ir, tum5s. 5. Dzivot,js, Riga. 6. Grmatas,interesants,bt.
7. Ms, strdt, universitte. 8. Vi5, bt, tirgus. 9. Mani draugi,
studet, Medicinas fakultte. 10. Manas draudzenes,nedzivot, vies-
nica. 11. Es, studt,pirmais kurss. 12. Es, bt, skolotja.13. Drgs,
viesnrca,bt, centrs. 14. Bt, tu, students. 15. Melns, mans, bt,
telefons.
Pasvitrojiet pareizo forrnu!

Underline the right form of the word.
Dita ir (slims,slima).Andris ir (vesels,vesela).Arste ir ['auns,jauna).
Vi4am ir (gudrs, gudra) draudzene.Imants ir (talantigs, talantiga)
rsts. Man ir (grts, grta) darbs. Apelsini ir (garSigs, gar5iga,
garigi,garigas).Jums ir (labi, labas) draugi. Js esat (labi, labas)
draugi. Tev garo (melns, melna) kafija. Vi4am ir (gari, garas) mati
un (lieli, lielas) ausis.Vi4ai ir (zili, zilas) acis un (gaii,gaias)mati.
Vai tu esi virtuv? Ne, es neesmu virtuv. Es esmu gaiteni.
Vai js esat skolotji? N, ms skolotji. Ms
studenti.
Vai vili ir pasaZieri?N, - kontrolieri.
Vai js jau bijt Jrmal?

Vai js ... no Somijas?
Vai te ir slimnica? Ne. - aptieka.
33
\ js esat policists?Ne, es _ policists,vil _
policists.
Vai jums garoie banni? N,
- Sveiks, draugs! - Hello, my friend!
- Kas jauns? - What'snew?
- Nu t, nekas sevi!<s. - So-so,nothing in particular.
- Un tev? - And what aboutyou?
- Man tpat, nekas sevil;s. - The same with me - nothing
in particular.
- Atvaino, ldzu, bet es steidzos. - Excuseme,please,but I'm in
a hurry.
- Es tev piezvaniu. - I will call you.
- Paldies,tas bs jauki. - Thank you, that will be nice.
- Nav par kol - Don't mention it.
- Uz redzeanos! - I'll seeyou.
- Mums ari jiet. - We must go, too.
- At! - Bye!
- Paliec sveiks! - Good-bye!
Quite often Latvianssay dzivo vesels, which means "take care of yourself".
At is an expressionon the levelo "bye-bye".The words sveiks and sveiki
have been used both as a greetingand upon leavrng.
Prdaugava district on the left bank of the
Daugaua
stvs floor, storey
katrs no mums eachofus
griesti un gida ceiling and floor
siena wall
atptas krsls armchair
pakljs carpet, rug
vairki. daZi several,some
mjigs cosy
brokastis, pusdienas, vakarir.ras breakfast, dinner, supper
rits, diena un vakars morning, day and evening
satikties to meet
acs (fem.) eye
,i+
auss (fem.) ear
apelsrns orange
aptieka chemist's shop, drugstore
dens water
gais - tums: light - dark

silts - auksts: warm - cold
grts - viegls: difficult - easy
8. NODARBIBA
KO TU DARI?
pAprLDrrur;s
TrEArs (DtREcr
oBJEcr)
Lietvrdi akuzativ
l. dekl. 2. dekl. 3. dekl. 4. dekl. 5. dekl. 6. dekl.

rIom.viensk virs, cef virietis tirgus sieva sieviete sirds
Akuz. -i -i
-ll -l -ll -ll
viensk.
(ss.) viru, cefu virieti tirgu sievu sievieti sirdi
Akuz. -es -is
-tls -us -lls -as
daudzsk.
(pt.) vrrus, cefus virieus tirgus sievas sievietes sirdis
In Latvian,the object is expressedby a noun in the accusitivecase. lt an-

swers to the ouestion ko? - whom? what?
Kas tas ir? Tas ir galds.Ko tu redzi? (What do

you see?Whom do you see?)
Es redzu galdu, divus galdus, studentu, ...
(cik?) studentus, studenti, ... (cik?) studentes.
Ko js splejat?Es spljutenis-, futbol-,

volejbol-, Sitar- (guitar), bumb- (ball),
klavier-- (pL.,piano).
35
Ko js apciemojat (apciemot - to uisit)? Es
apciemojuvecmmin-,mt-, tv-, ms- (sg.),
mas--(pl.), brl- (sg.),bral-- (pl.), msic-,br-
len-, Ann-.
Ko js fotografjat?... ... meiten-, Rig-, cil-

vk--, pulr--, kok--, Vecrigas iel--, Daugav-,
skolotj-.
Ko js nofotografjt vakar?
Ko js novrojat (novrot - to wqtch)?
putn--, cit-- student--,
dziv- Rig, simniek-.
f Uzmanibu!
i Attention!
Ar ko? With whom? Ar ko js splejattenisu?Ar tvu (with father).
What with? Ar ko js spljattenisu?Ar tenisa raketi (racket).
With him - ar 4-; with her - ar vi4-
Tulkojiet teikumus un veidojiet jautjumus!
Translate the sentences and make questions.
Elga frequents exhibiti ons (apmezlt; izstade).
I visit my granny (apciemot). I play the pr-
ano. ? I grow ((rudzet)flowers. 2
I see my sister I watch hourot)

birds. I eat (st : es edu) sweet apple.
I drink (dzert = es dzeru) tea.
? I study together with him.
? My sister and brother study at the Univer-
sity.
I
Lasiet tekstu! Svitrir,ruviet ievietojiet pareizs galotnes!
Read the text using the right endings.
Par ko? Es domju par (about)draug-, par draudzen-,par Latvij-,
par grmat-, par dzimten-, par mt-, par tv-.
Es runju par medicin-,par latvieuvalod-,par draug-, par
l
draudzen-,par universitt-, par msu fakultt-.
t
I 36
I
Es maksju tirgu par prtik-, par maiz-, par sviest-,par
ser- (cheese),pr ... .
Man ir liela interese par medicrn-,par anatomij., par
lati4u valod-, par latvieu valod-.
Par ko? Es lidoju pr upi (acrossthe riuer), par ezer-,pr Daugav-,
pr jr-, pr Rig-, pr zem- (zeme- earth, land, coun-
try), pr pilset-.
Es braucu pr tiltu (to driue o.crossthe bridge).
Pa ko? Es staigju pa istabu (to walk around the room),pa Vecrig-,
papark-, pavirtuv-, p... , ... , ... , ... .
' Es braucu pa celu (to driue along the road).
Starp ko? (kur?) - between
Es dzivoju starp friztavu (hairdresser's saloon) un
veikal-. Starp oper- un universitt- irjauks parks.
Fotoveikals ir starp kafejnic- un grmatveikal-.
Ko tu dari? Ko js dart? What are you doing? What do you do?

Ko js darijt vakar? Ko js darlsiet nt?
Lasiet un tulkojiet tekstu!

Read and translate the text.
Sodien es studju, bet vakar es apmeklju koncertu. Rit varbt es
apciemousavu draudzeni. Mana draudzenetagad dzivo centr, bet
agrk vi4a dzivoja Prdaugavrajon starp Salu tiltu un Akmens
tiltu. Vina katru ritu brauca pr Daugavu un vroja putnus. Vi4a
labi spl 5ahu, un ms abi (abas)spelesimospli. Vakar ms sp-
ljm basketbolu universittes sporta zle. Mani draugi gatavo iz-
stdi par dzivi Afrik, jo vi4iem ir liela interese par o eksotisko
re$onu. Driz izstdebs gatavaun ms vrosim Latvijas iedzivotju
interesi par msu izstdi. Vai js katru dienu braucat uz universitti
(uz - to * acc.)?Vai js nofotografjtVecrigasnamus un ielas?Jsu
veckiem bUs liela interese par jsu dzivi Latvij. Ko js labprt
spljat?Vai js spljat $itru? Vai js domjat par savu nkqtni?
Ko js plnojat darit rit? Varbt js brauksiet uz Jrmalu un stai-
gsiet pa pludmali? Vai js brauksiet viens vai kop ar draugu vai
I
draudzeni? Vai js brauksiet ar vilcienu vai autobusu? Ko js domjat
par dzivi Latvij? Kas jums te patik un kas nepatik?
Vrdnca.- Vocabulary.
iela street
putns . bird
cits, citi another, others
,JI
dzive life
slirnnieks patient
dzimtene native country, birth-place
prtika food
prtikas veikals grocery
maize un sviests = bread and butter : sandwich
=sviestmaize
ezers lake
varbt maybe,possibly,perhaps
abi, abas both
nams, eka, mja building, house
krastmala bank
viens, viena one, alone
vilciens un autobuss train and bus
patikt; man patik to like; I like
9. NODARBIBA
KAFEJNICA,
RESTORTIS
Kas? kafejnca restorns brs
Kur? kafejnic restorn bar (in a caf,in q restaurant,
in a bar)
Vrdi un rzes. - Words and phrases.
diens meal, food

dienkarte meru
st (es du) to eat (I eat)
gribt (es gribu) to want (I want)
velties (es vIos) to wish (I wish)
garot (man gar5o) to like (about taste) (T ljke)
patikt (man patik) to like (I like)
brokastis (breakfast) - pusdienas (dinner) - vakarinas (supper)
AueIu sula Tja Kafiia Piens Alus V r n S Limonde

Maize Sviests Sviestmaize Siers Desa Ola Omlete
Sls Cukurs Pipari Smalkmaizite Kka Pankuka
A r r o i Abols
Banns Ievriiums Kiri PImes Zemenes
Auglu - bolu,bumbieru, !<iru,plmju, zemenu,ave4u ievarijums
38
ffil
Ql2
q
A
^ -lAt
MY
'-----\
vril \s@7 w?
tt9.1 ffi,,- ga5-^
g/>
@ a9*-W "ilrF
,
('r)
\:r' @ ffi e > W
N.--,- %W
Veidojiet teikumus!
idW
{)
W
AM
@
Make sentences.
Man garo (kas?): augfu sula, sviestmaize,|i4fis un siers.
Man negaroapelsinu sula, kkas, piens un citi piena produkti.
Vi4am garo , bet negaro
Vi4ai garo , bet negaro
Man patik brokastot (st brokastis) mjs, bet pusdienoju (edu
pusdienas)es labprt kafejnic,jo man garosaldie dieni (deserts).
Tagad es eju pusdiens(I'm going to dinner).
Ko tu parasti ed pusdiens?Ko js parasti dat pusdiens?
Es edu (ko?): sviestmaizi,kilki un sieru. Es nedu desu.
Ko tu dzer no rita? Ko js dzerat no rita?
Es dzeru (ko?): pienu, kafiju, tju, minerldeni. Es nedzeru alu.
Ko js dat no rita brokastis, ko js dat pusdiensun vakari4s?
Ko js dzeratbrokastis, pusdiensun vakari4s?Kas jums garo,un
kas jums negaro?Vai jums gar5o augfi? Kdi augfi jums garovis-
labk?
Kas ir vakari4s? Mhat's for supper?)Vakari4s ir biezputra (por-
ridge).
39
- Man, ldzu, vienu tju un divas kkas.
- Vai tju ar cukuru?
- N, paldies, bez. Man tikai kafija garo ar cukuru. Es gribu ari
pankkas ar ievrijumu.
- Ar kdu ievrijumu? Mums ir zeme4u,|ir5u un plmju ievrijums.
Varbt js vlaties pankkas ar krjumu?
- Ldzu, vel glzi sulas.
Edienkarte
Uzkoiamie(snocks): Saldiedieni,deserrs:
kkas,
salti(solad),
zivis(fsh) | torte,satdejums,
putukrjums
Pirmiedieni: (whppedcream)ar augliem
buljons,zupa
Otrie dieni:
zivis(fsh), gala (meat),aknas(luer),
bifteks(beefsteak) , ckgala(porle),
ckgafaskarbonde(pork chop),ira
gala(lamb,mutton),liellopugala
(beefl,tela galaskarbonde(oeol
cuflet),kotletes(nreotcroquettes,
ballsof mncedneot),ceptavista
(roastfowl, hen),clis(chchen)
I
40
I
Lasiet!
Read.
T ir dienkarte.Es esmu kafejnic.Es pusdienoju/esedu pusdienas.
Tas ir gads.vai is galds ir brivs? - Ne, eit ir aiznemts (occupied.).
Tas ir },<ivis.
T ir karote. Tas ir nazis. T ir dakila. T ir tasie. T
ir glze. T ir tjkarote. Tas ir ediens, bet tas ir dzeriens. Tas ir
oficiants.
- Es gribtu (I would lih,e)vistu, kartupe]us un saltus.
- Kurus saltus?
- Man, ldzu, gur\us un tomtus. Man negarobietes (beets)un
burkni (carrots). Es velos kpostus (cabbage).
- Kdu zupu js edisiet? Es varu ieteikt (to recommend) sk,bu
kpostu zupu (sauerkraut soup).Mums sodienir ari bieu zupa(beet
soup),frikadefu zupa (meat ball soup),skbe4u zupa(sorrelsoup)un
piena zupa.
- N, paldies!Es negribu zupas.Ko js varat piedvt (to offer) otraj
dien?
- Mums ir ceptazivs, cepetis(roast),malts gaJasmrce(meatsauce),
karbonde (porlzchop).
- Es nedu ckgafu. Dodiet man gabali4u vistas.
- Vaijs vlaties ceptus vai vritus kartupelus?
- Es labk gribetu risus. IJn desert *urr, i.rdrrr, kompotu (stewed
fruit)l
- Labu apetiti! Ja kas vajadzigsve, ldzu, sakietl (Ifyou need,any-
thing else,please,tell me!)
- J, kur ir garvielas (spices): et\is (uinegar), pipari (pepper), sis
(salt), sinepes(mustard)?
- Te, ldzu. Varbt velaties vl?(Haueyou had enough?)
- Man, ldzu, rel,<inu(bill)l Cik man jmaks?
auglis; augfu sula fruit; fruit juice
piens milk
alus beer
4l
siers cheese
desa sausage
ola egg
cukurs sugar
smalkmaizrte bun, muffin
ievarijums jam
kirsis, plme, avene cherry, plum, raspberry
gurl<is un tomts cucumber and tomato
5l<iq]<is ham
5]<ivis plate
10. NODARBiBA
ES EJU UZ UNIVERSITTI,
UN ES NKUNO
UNIVERSITTES.
KO DARACITI?
iet - to go; nkt - to come
FsmrcM
ffi uNovFRstFfu
Es eju uz universitti (uz -l Akuz. = uz ko? uz kurieni?)

Es nku no universittes (no * en. = no k? no kurienes?)
42
Tagadne (Present) Pagtne (Past) Nkotne (Future)
Es eju, nku gju, ncu ieu, nku

Tu ej, nc gji, nci iesi, nksi
v+
] iet, nk gja, nca les, nks
vr4a J
Ms ejam, nkam gjm, ncm leslm, naKslm
Js ejat, nkat gjt, nct iesit/-iet, nksit/-iet
' .
Vini
) tel, naK 9aJa' les, nks
vr+asJ
Ievietojiet vajadzigo a) darbibas vrdu; tr) galotni!

Put in the right a) verb; b) ending.
Kur js... ? Mes... uz mjm.Es ... uztirg-, uz bibliotek-,uz darb-,
uz veikal-, uz park-, uzbaznic-,uzmuzej-, uz restorn-,uz kafejnic-,
uz kino, uzme-, uz izstd-, uz nodarbib-, uz dekant-, uz tramvaj-,
uz trolejbus-, uz autobus-.
Kur js ... rlt? Kur vi4 ... parit? Kur ms ... pc nedlas?
Kur tu ... vakar? Kuris ... aizvakar?
Darbibas vrds. - The Verb.
1. konjugcija 2. ko4jugcija 3. konjugcija

-o', --, -- --. -- -i-. -in-
est - es du dzivot, apciemot redzet, dzirdt sildit, gaidit
dzert - es dzeru lidot, celot,ogot atbildt, raudt last, rakstit
nkt - es nku se4ot, slpot, slidot dziedt,vart darit, skaitit
braukt - es braucu gatavot, smarZot paldzt,tict mcit, ststit
pirkt - es prku runt, strdt, domt peldet, ceret dvint, varit
cept - es cepu mazgt, staigt grlDet, sedet m$int, rdit
jautt, meket, audzet stvt sacit, turpint
es mazgju es redzu Iasu,turpinu
f Salidziniet!
tu mazg tu redzi lasi, turpini
Compare! vi4, vi4a mazga v. redz lasa,turpina
ms mazgjam ms redzam Iasm,turpinm
js mazgjat js redzat Iast,turpint
Atbildiet uz j autjumiem!
Ko js last? Ko js studejat?Kur js studjat?Ko js dart univer-
sitt? Uz kurieni js ejat katru dienu? Vai js uz universitti ejat
vai braucat? Ko js gribat darit pc universittes?Vai js varat pali-
dzt?Ko js redzat pa logu?Vai jums patik studt medicinu?Kur js
t+,J
strdjat? Vai js megint runt latviski veikal? Vai js bieZi
gatavojat pusdienasmjs?Kur js vrt tju? Vai js bieZi domjat
par mjm? Vai js rakstt vai zvant uz mjm? Ar ko js runjat
pa telefonu? Par ko js ststt saviem draugiem dzimten?Vai js
domjat par savu nkotni? Kas js bsiet? Ko dara rsts? Vai jums
patik dziedt?Vai js bieZi dziedat? Kad js raudat? Ko js gribat
jautt? Vaijs ticat, ka driz runsiet latviski?
Veidojiet teikumus!
Make sentences.
Ko? Kur? Kad?
1. Es lasu (gfmata) (bibliotka).
2. Mte vra (zupa) (virtuve).
3. Ridzinieki lasa (snes) (mes).
4. Pteris prk (boli) (tirgus).
5. Berni spl (bumba) (pagalms).
6. Tu gaidi (draugs) (parks).
7. Js gaidt (vilciens) (stacija).
8. Msa dom par (brlis) (istaba).
9. Es eju uz (tetris) (vakars).
10. Tevs iet kop ar (meita) uz (tetris).
11. Sievieteprk (maize) (veikals).
12. Vil strdpar (skolotjs) (skola).
13. Znsraksta (vstule) (mja).
14. Meitene z.varLapa (telefons) (pasts).
15.Vi4a dzied (dziesmas) (koncerts).
16. Mes meklejam (darbs) (vstnieciba).
17. Msicaspel (klavieres) (kafejnica).
18. Brlenssple (basketbols) (vingroanaszle).
19. Js dzirdat (troksnis) (istaba un gaitenis).
20. Js redzat (koki, iela, cilvki, pa (logs).
debesis,mko4i,
parks, tramvajs,
automaSinas)
21. Mes mazgjam (rokas) (izlietne,bloda).
22. Drznieks audz (puhes) (drzs).
23. Students maks par (dzivoklis) (bank).
24. Arsts rst (slimnieks) (slimnica).
25. Msa tulko (raksts) (urnls).
26. Msir1ainjic (zles) (muskulis- muscle).
27. Es skaitu (nauda) (maks,kabata).
28. Tu apmekl (muzejs) (Riga).
t. --
29. Ms vrm (tja) (vakari4as).
I
I
44
I
I
t
baznica church
vstule letter
vstnieciba embassy
debesis (fem.) sky
mkonis cloud
troksnis noise
raksts article
maks purse
kabata pocket
dziedt to sing
raudt to cry, to weep
atbildet to answer
cert to hope
darit to do
dzirdet to hear
gaidrt to wait (for)
lasit to read
mcit to teach
palidzt to help
peldet to swim
radit un rdit to create and to show
rakstrt to write
sedet to sit
sildit to warm (up)
skaitit to count
ststrt to tell
stvt to stand
ticet to believe
vart to be able, can
vrt to boil, to cook
dvint to give a present
m!nt to try
turpint to continue, to go on (wth)
45
11.NODARB I B A
IEPIRKSANS
pirkt - to buy; dot - o give; prdot - to selt;
nemt - to take; svert - to weigh
Daudzpunktu viet lieciet atbilstoos darbibas vardus!
Fill in the gaps with the right form of the verb.

Es dodu,perku, devu, pirku,
nemu, sveru qmu, sveru
Tu dod,perc, 4em devi, pirki, 4mi
Vi45ffi4a dod, deva,pirka, nma
perk,4em
Mes ...
UUD
Est: es du - du - diu (past root * + u)

Dzert'. es dzeru - dzru - dzeru(infinitiue root I u)
Veidojiet teikumus!
Make sentences.
Es perku tirgu (gala, kartupeli, tomti, banani, sipoli, kiploki, zivis,
zemenes,vinogas,sviests,maize, siers, desa,\ilhis, sula, dens,
minerldens,rieksti, burkni, bietes,kposti).
Prdevjaprdod (gala, saknes,augli, ogas, zivis, medus, dzrieni,
saldumi) prtikas veikal (grocerystore).
@ ffi4ry
3Yw
wffiW#w
46
Ko prdod grmatu veikal? Ko var nopirkt tramvaj? Kur var no-
pirkt avizillaikrakstu vai Zurnu? Kur prdod pastmarkas un
konvertus? Kur var nast?
Vrdi un rzes. - Words and phrases.
Vai varu jums pahdzt? Can I help you?

Ko js veltos? What would you ike?
Es tikai velos paskatrties. I'm just looking.
Es vltos to. ldzu! I'd like that, please.
So n. Not that.
Lidzigu im. Similar to this one.
Tdu. Like that.
Vai tas bs viss? Wil that be all?
Cik daudz js velaties? How many (much) do you want?
Vai pietiks? Is this enough?
\l,ldzu. More, please.
Mazk,ldzu. Less,please.
Paldies, pietiks. That's enough,thank you.
T bs labi. That's fine.
Tas nav tas, ko es gyibetu. It's not what I would like.
Vai vl kaut ko. ldzu? Anything else,please?
Paldies, es to 4emu I'll (won't) take it, thank you.
(ne+em5u).
Cik maks ie apelsini? What's the price of theseoranges?
Ldzu, nosveriet man o Pleaseweigh this bunch of grapes
vinogir [<ekaru! for me!
Ldzu, nosveriet kilogramu Pleaseweigh one kilogram of
(puskilogramu) tomtu tomatoes!
(bannu)!
Man, ldzu, divus I'd like two kilograms of potatoes
kilogtamus kartupelu (three lemons, one kilogram on-
(tris citronus, kilogramu ions).
sipolu)!
Es gribtu o kpostgalvi4u. I'd like this head of cabbage.
Kda teja jums ir? What kind of tea have you got?
Mums ir Indijas We have Indian (Ceylonese,
(Ceilonas, I,{inas) tja. Chinese)tea.
Es gribetu trlssimt gramus I'd like three hundred grams of
siera, kam nav asas garas. mild cheese.
n
l
Liellopu (jra, aitas) Somebeef (lamb, mutton), please.
gafu,ldzu!
Mums ir pla izvele vistas We have a wide choice of chicken
(titari, plles, zosis). (turkeys, ducks, geese).
Vai jrrms ir salddens Have you any kind of freshwater
$ras) zivis? (saltwater) fish?
Lietojiet lietvardus pareizaj form!

Use the nouns in the correct form.
Ko jums, ldzu, piedvt (to offer)?
Man, ldzu, bolus (boli)!
. Vai varat piedvt ari (rrsrl

. Ne, atvainojiet,risu nav,bet varu jums piedvt
(makaroni).
o Ldzu, ko js velaties? Es vlos (okolade,
minerldens un cepumi).
. Vai tu vies (kartupeli)? Ne, es gribu
(salti).
. Vai drikstu piedvt (cukurs)?N, paldies,
labk (piens).
. Vit grib (arbzs). Dod vinam
(arbzs)!
. Vai js gribat (torte)? Ne, paldies,es negribu
(torte).
. Vai js gribat pirkt fiauna tejkanna - teapot)?
. Vai tu gribi lasit (i grmata)? Es jau lasu
(i grmata).
. Vai js vlaties (deserts)?J, es vlos
(saldejums).
. Vai js vlaties (i vai t kpostgalvila)?
. Vai js gribat (isvai tas arbzs)?
48
Vai tu nopirki (maize)? J, es nopirku
- (baltmaize,rupjmaize un arr smalkmaizites).

Bet es aizmirsu (aizmirst - to forget) nopirkt
(sviests,cukurs, gur$, desa,aknas).
W8@
@
@
{p@ ffi
ry}
- VOCABULARY.
VRDNICA.
94a meat
kartupelis potato
sipols un [<iploks onion and garlic
zivs (fern.) fish
rieksts nut
saknes, drzer,ri vegetables
konverts, aploksne envelope
pastmarka stamp
49
12.NODARBIBA
GADALAIKIUN LAIKSLATVIJA
ffi
cr
(..{
&x *
rth
,.0%
hY .
9F
?s
-# Ys#*a
W,
/!'"il
Latvij ir etri gadalaiki: ziema,pavasaris,vasara un rudens. Tagad
ir ziema. Ziern ir auksti. BieZi snieg, dareiz ari list. Palaik ir de-
cembris.r ir liels vj.Dien saulereti silda zemi. Driz bs Ziemas-
svtki. Un ms ceram, ka tad laiks bs jauks, ka varsim slpot un
slidot. Katr mj bs egle,prieks un dvanas.Studentiem bs briv-
dienas, bet janvri sksies sesija (examination session).Man patik
pavasarisLatvij. Tad ir silts, zied (ziedt- to bloont)pules, debesis
ir zilas, spd saule.Ari vasarparasti ir jauks, saulainslaiks. Rudeni
laiks ir vess. Ir diezganmitrs. Tad civeki meZ ogo un s4o. Sep-
tembri ne tikai skolni, bet ari studenti sk mcities. Skoleni iet uz
skolu, bet studenti iet uz augstskolu.Js esat Latvijas Universittes
Ekonomikas fakulttes pirm kursa studenti.
(Laiks - weq.ther.List - it is raining; ar - outdoors; vj - wind.,
vjains - windy; sildit - to u)arm, sida - it is warming; zeme- soil,
earth; debesis- siay;vess- cool,fresh; mitrs - wet; sprdet- to shine.)
50
,o"4ooo
Kds odienir laiks?Lietus -'i
ii1;,, lietains;vj-
11 .
saule - ; .- saurarns; mrgra - - mlglatns; maKo+r -
mko4rains;auksts - +8'G karsts; vss-
Cik grdu ir odien?Kda ir gaisa temperatra? Kdas ir laika

prognozes?Kda Sodienir diena?Kda bija nakts?
Cik ir pukstenis?Pulkstenis ir pusviens (it is half past twelue).
Cik ir pareizs laiks (exact time)? 12.30 (divpadsmit un trisdesmit
mintes; pusviens),17.00,14.30,10.15,7I.45, 20.00,21.10,23.05
Cikos skasnodarbiba atvieu valod?
Cikos beidzasnodarbiba latvieuvalod?
skt, skties - to begin, to start;

beigt, beigties- to finish,to end
Uzmanibu!
a Attention.
Sodien ir silts laiks (weqther). Palalk Latvij ir grts laiks (time).
Cik meneuir gad?
Cik dienu ir nedel?Cik jums ir darbdienu un cik - brivdienu?
Cik nedeluir mnesi?
Sakiet, dzu, cik ir pulkstenis!
Cikos js celaties (celties- to get up)? Cikosjs ejat gult?
Kad ir jsu dzimanasdiena?
Menei Lokativs - kad?
Janvris ir gada pirmais Janvri biei sniegun ir auksts
mnesis. laiks.
Februris ir gada otrais menesis. Februri manai draudzeneiir
dzimanasdiena.
Veidojiet teikumus!
Make sentences.
Marts
Aprilis
51
Maijs
Jnijs
JIijs
Augusts
Septembris
Oktobris
Novembris
Decembris
Janvris
Februris
Veidojie teikurnus tagadn, pagtn un nkotn!

Lietvrdiem pievienojiet pareizs galotnes!
Make sentences in the Present, Past, Future tenses.
Add the right endings to the nouns.
l-. Juris (redzt) kok- pagalm-.
2. Ms (slepot) mez- zLem-.
3. No rita tu (vingrot) un (vrit)

kafij-.
4. Mte (vrit) zup- virtuv-.
5. Es (jautt) , bet tu (atbildet)
6. Kur js (strdt) ? Es (strdt)

slimnic-.
7. Skolotja (mcit) brn-. Brns mcs.
8. Ko tu (darit) ? Es (lasit)
vstul-.
9. Ko js (lasit) ? Es (nelasit)
es (sapot)
52
10. Studente (iet) uz tirg- un (pirkt)
tomt--, biet--, kartupef--, burkn--, bol--,apelsin--,mandarin--
un kirb-.
11.Es labnrt (st) zrv--
12. Es (vart) labi runt latviski.

13. Es (varit) tj-.
2
14. Kd- vaod-js (runt)
15. Es labprt (spl) bumb-. Ko (splet)
Jus
16. Brni (meklt) atbild-- uz jautjum-.
17. Drznieks (audzet) pu\-- siltumnic-.
18. Arsts (rstt) slimniek-- slimnic-.
19. Js (apciemot) veck--sav- dzimten-
20. Js (tidot) uz Stokholm-.
21. Es (cefot) ar kug- un ar vilcien-.
22. Asja (domt) par tetr-. Par ko (domt)
Jus
23. Sieviete (staigt) pa park-.
24. Ko js (darit) ? Es (gatavot)

vakari4--
25. Msu gimene (vakari+ot) asto--.
26. Es (braukt) ar automa5in-, bet mans
draugs (braukt) ar tramvaj-.
27. Ms (gaidi pavasar-.Bet ko (gaidit)

js?
28. Sesijaslaik- studenti (krtot eksmenus- to tahe exqminations)

eksmen--
29. Ko slimnic- (darit) msi4as?
30. Ko js (darit) universitt- un mj--?
53
egle fir, Christmas tree

sap4ot to dream
siltrrmmca hothouse
savs, sava my (or your e/c.) own
biei - reti: often - seldom

biezs - plns: thick - thin
13. NODARBIBA
MACITUN MACITIES
Es studjuimcos ko? kur?
Mani mca kas? (skolotjs/pasniedzjs/
docetjs)
Profesorsmca ko?
Aizpildiet tabulu!
Complete the table.

Es nemcu, es mcos nemcrju, mcijos nemaclslt, macrsos
Tu nemci, tumcies nemciji, mcijies nemaclsr, mactsles
Vir,r1
)nemaca, macas nemcrja, mcijs nemcis, mcisies
vlnal
Ms nemcam, nemcijm, nemaclSlm,

Js nemct, nemcijt, nemcsit/iet.
Vi4i nemca, nemacrJa, nemcls,
Kur js mcties?Ko js dart universitt? Kur kurs js mc-
ties? K jums iet universitte? K jums gja sesijaslaik? Kdi
mcibu priekmeti jums ir pirmaj kurs? Kas jums mca latvieu
valodu?Vai jums ir studiju grmatir,ra?Cik eksmenujums bija aj
54
sesij?Kda ir atzlme latvieu valod?Vai lati4u valod jums bija
ieskaite vai eksmens?Kur mcibu priekmetsjums liks (likties -
to appear,to seem)visgrtkais (grts - difficult; grtks, visgr-
tkais)? Kur - visvieglkais (viegls- easy;vieglks, visvieglkais)?
K jums patik mcities Latvij? Kad jums bija sesija?Vai js nolikt/
nokrtojt visus eksmenus(noliktinokrtot eksmenu- to pass an
exomirLation)?Vai jums ir pardi (pards- debt; bt pard - to owe,
to be indebted)?
Atkrtosim!
Let us repeat!
Viensk. I. dekl. 2. dekl. 3. dekl 4. dekl. 5. dekl. 6. dekl.
Nomina- - Sr - S -ls -us -a -e -s

tlvs tevs ka$s tirgus msa mte sirds
kas? ce| kugis medus m;a fakultte debess
(whqt? students brlis Iietus istaba zeme acs
who?) draugs viesis alus lekcija upe AUSS
zns latvietis Iedus grmata studente balss (uoice)
Akuza- -u -l -u -u -t -i
tivs tvu kaki tirgu msu mti sirdi
ko?
(what?
whom?)
Lokativs - -i -11 - -e -i
Kur, kad? tv kaki tirgu ms mt sirdi
(where?
when?)
Daudzsk. 1. dekl. 2. dekl. 3. dekl. 4. dekl. 5. dekl. 6. dekl.
Nom. -l I -l -as -es -ts

kas?
55
Akuz. -u.s -us -lts -as -es -ts
ko?
Lok. -os -os -os -as -es -ls

kur?
(kad?)
Veido akuzativu un lokativu!

Change the words into the accusitive and the locative forms.
Maza auditorija, liels galds, garigs medus, liela auss, laba draudzene,
mif viesis, negarigs dens.
The adjectiveis declinedto agree with the noun. lt takes the same gender,
numberand caseas the noun.The (indeinite) adjectiveendingsare the same
as those for the most common masculineand femininenouns.Vecs (old) is
declinedas the noungalds (table).Veca(old)is declinedas lhe noungrmata
( book ) .
Veidojiet teikumus!
Make sentences.
1. Vir,riperk (karote) (veikals)
2. Draugi (meklet) (bumba)

(ze)
3. Meitene (dzert) (kafija)

(kafejnica)
4. Jnis (gatavot) (vakaritas)

(virtuve, vakars)
5. Studente (iet) uz (izstde)

(diena)
56
6. Es (mcities) (latvieuvaloda)
(universitte)
7. Mes (apmeklt) (jaunaspilstas)
(Latvija)
8. Js (domt) par (darbs)
(slimnica)
9. rsts (rstet) (slimnieks)

(mjas)
10.Students (vart) labi runt (latvieuvaoda)
11. Studenti ftraukt) uz (nodarbiba)

(anatomija)
12.Via (krtot) (eksmens)
(matemtika)
13. Lektors fiautt) fiautjums)

bet students (atbildt)
14. Ilze (fotografet) (draugi)
(Vecriga)
15. Mte (vrit) (tja)

(tejkanna)
16. Profesors (mcit) (studenti)
opert.
17. Tu (vrot) (dzive) (pilsta
un kopmitnes)
18. Ms (gaidit) (brivdienas)
ar (prieks)
19.Es (klausities) (mzika)
(koncerts)
20. Ms (skatities) uz (tfele)
(auditorija)
57
Pievrsietuzmanrbuatgriezeniskajiemdarbibas vrdiem!
Pay attention to the relexiveverbs.
Tagadne
2. konjugcija 3. konjugcija
Es tagadbieZi ciemojosRTg. Es bieZivakarosizvelosmziku un klausosto.
tu ciemojies tu izvlies un kauses
vi4/vi4a ciemojas vini/vinas izvelas un klauss
ms ciemojamies ms izvlamies un klausmies
js ciemojaties js izvlaties un klausties
vi4i/virlas ciemojas vini/vinas izvlas un klauss
Pagtne
Agrk es bie2i ciemojosRig. Agrk es retiizvlejos un klaus1osmziku.
tu ciemojies tu izveljies un klaus1ies
vi4S/via ciemojs vin/vinaizvljs un klausrjs
ms ciemojmies mes izvlejmies un klausijmies
js ciemojties js izvlejtiesun klausrjties
viqri/vias ciemojs vii/viqasizvelejs un klausrjs
Nkotne
Drz es atkal ciemo5osRro. Rtes noteiktiizvle5os un klaus-ros
mziku.
U ciemosies tu izvlesies un klausisies
vi/via ciemosies vi4s/vi4a izvelesies un klausisies
mes ciemosimies ms izvlesimiesun klausisimies
js ciemosities(-ieties) js izvlsitiesun klausisities
(-ieties)
vii/vias ciemosies vii/vias izvelsies un klausrsies
viesoties, to be on a visit izvelties to choose (sa)sveicintiesto greet,to

ciemoties salute
draudzties to be riends turties o hold (on) vingrinties to practise
otograties to be photo- precties to get maried k!dties to be mis-
graphed taken
pastaigties to take a walk vlties to wish, pardities to appear
to desire
rpties o take care (of), izvltiesto choose piedalities to take pad
to look after (in)
(sa)runties to talk,to chat peldties to bathe dalities to share

gatavoties to get ready, skatities to look (at)
to prepareonesel
interesties to be interested, klausties to listen(to)
to take interest(in)
darboties to work, to be attistities to develop,
occupied (with) o grow
mazgties to wash (oneself), raudzities to look (at)
to bathe (tag.i es raugos)
splties to play,to toy (with)
58
rstties to undergotreament
dusmoties to be angry
raizties to worry (about),to trouble (abou)
laulties to get manied (in church)
tuvoties to approach,to advance(towards)
spoguloties to look (at onself)in the mirror
pulcties to gather,to meet
Cik ilgi js jau mcties latvieu valodu? Vai js brivi sarunjaties
latviski ar latvie5iem?Vai tad, kad jus pastaigjaties,js priecjaties
par dabu? Ko js redzat, kad skatties pa savu logu? Vai js bieZi
raugties r pa logu? Vai js sasveicintiesar kaiminiem? Vai js
dalties savosprdzivojumos (emotiorualexperience)ar draugu? K
js jtaties (justies - to feel: esjtos) Latvij? Vai js rpejaties par
savu gimeni? Vai jums patik fotografeties?
Veidojiet teikumus pagtn un nkotn!

Change the sentences into the Past and Present tenses.
Andris odien precas. Vi4 jau sen draudzjas ar Intu. Vi4i kop
mcsuniversitt. Abi bieZi klauss mziku, skats kino un tetra
izrdes,interesjaspar literatru. Parasti vi4i dals savosiespaidos
viens ar otru. Vi4i turas pie tradicijm un vlas laulties baznic.
Andris rpjas par savu jauno fimeni, bieZi ciemojaslauku mjs,
kur dzivo Intas vecki. Kad Andris pardsuz cel,a,vienmr sevi\<i
priecjasun ar vi4u skafi sasveicinssuns Duksis. Bet odienAndrim
nav laika. Sodien beidzas (beigties - to come to an end.,to be ouer)
via vecpuia(bachelor)dzive. Vi4 steidzas(steigties- to hurry: es
steidzos),gatavojas,spogufojas,raizjas,jo viesijau pulcjas.
Vrdnica. - Vocabulary.
mcrt un mcities
-
mcrana un mcians teaching and earning
rtaa:zgatun mazgities +
mazgana un mazgans washing and bathing
gatavot un gatavoties * preparing and
gatavoana un gatavoans preparation
mcit (es mcu) un mct to teach and to
(es mku) be able, to know
(how to do smth.)
klausit un klausrties to obey and to listen
59
iss, Isdfrs, visisofrais (masc.)l - short, shorter,
lsa, is,ha, vislschrr (fem.) the shortest
viegls (vieglfrs, visviegLaais) easy
mi! (mifos, vismifdhq,is) dear
grts (grtahs, visgrtolcois) difficult, hard
(io) sevi5l<i particulary
vienmr, alla always
sen long ago, for a long time
senk before
14.NODARBIBA
IEPAZISANAS
- Labdien, Jni - Hello, Janis!
- Ldzu, nc iek. - Pleq.secomein.
- Novelcmteli. - Tuke off (your) coat.
- K tev iet? - How are you?
- Paldies,labi. - Thank you, fine.
- Un tev? - And you?
- Man ari iet labi, paldies. - I'm fine, too, thanh,you.
- Jni, i ir mana msa Anna. - Janis, this is my sister Anna.
- Priecjos. - Pleqsedto meetyou.
- Un tas ir mans brlis. - And that is my brothen His
Vi4a vrds ir Juris. name is Juris.
- Sveiks, Juri! - Hello, Juris.
- Es vi4u pazistu. - I know him. Weare stud,ying
Ms kop mcmies. together.
- Cik jauki tevi satikt! - How nice to m.eetyou.
- Vai jsu vecki ir mjs? * Are your pqrents at home?
- N, vi4u nav mjs. - No, theyare not at home.
Mte ir darb. Mother is at work.
- Un kur ir tavs tvs? - And whereis your father?
- Vi4 atzgjauz veikalu. - He went to the shop.
- Vi45 driz bs mjs.Iesim iekl - He will bebach,soon.Let's go in.
Veidojiet dialogu!
Make a dialogue!
- Labvakar,
. Priecjos,kajs atnct.
,x
- Paldies,t nekas. Sodienbija grta diena.
60
- Mani vecki grib ar jums iepazities.Tas ir mans ttis Juris Ozols.
Un mana mmina leva Ozola.
- Priecios.Es esmu
- Bet ko js dart Latvij?
. Piedodiet, Ozola kungs, es vel nevaru brivi
runt latviski. Es vI tikai

- Js jau runjat diezgan labi. Paststiet mums par sevi un savu
gimenil
- Paldies par kompimentu. Es priecjospar uzaicinjumu. Jums ir
jauka gimene. Mana $mene
Ko js eit dart, darijt, darisiet?
Ko js splejat?(teniss,klavieres, futbols, krtis,

daZdasspIes...)
Ko js apmeklejat? (koncerts, izstde, tetris,

baznica,lekcijas...)
Ko js apciemojat? (draugi, draudzene, pazias,

vecki.radinieki...)
Ko js gatavojat? (pusdienas,vakari4as, lekcija,

prsteigums...)
61
Kur js strdjat? (universitte, simnrca,
veikals,brnudrzs...)
Par ko js strdjat? Par (skolotjs, rsts,

prdevejs,audzintjs...)
Ko js dart brivdiens?(asit, slpot, dejot,

dziedt,medit, iet viesos...)
Ko js dart darbdiens?(mcities,klausities,
slinkot, gulet, sdt,runt ...)
V rd u v e i d o a n a . - T h e W ord-bui l di ng.
darbs darbnrca (w orhshop), darbinieks (employ ee, clerh,,

worher), darblba (action), darbiniece, bezdarbnieks
skola skolnieks, skolotjs
rnaize maiznrca (bakery), maiznieks (baker)
grmata grmatnica
vsts (news) vestnieciba (embassy), vstnieks (enuoy, minister)
slims (sic) slimnica, slimnieks, slimiba (illness)
kafija kafejnica
dzivs dzive, dzvot, dzivnieks (animal)
jra jrnieks (sailor)
viesis viesnrca, viesnicniek s (hotel-keeper), viesibas (party )
sta (yard) setnieks anitor, y ar d- h,eep
er)
pilsta pilstnieks (townsman)
Riga ridzinieks
62
Atbidiet uz jautjumiem!
Ko dara ceJotjs?Ko dara skolotjs?Ko dara
mcitjs (priest,parson)?
Ko dara lidotjs? Ko dara drznieks (strdt,

audzt- to grow)?
Kas ir drznieks? Tas ir cilveks, kas ...
Kur js meklejat grmatas?Kur js prkat maz?

Kur js dzerat kafiju?
Kas ir slimnieks? Un kas ir rsts?
Ko vi4 raksta? Vai viT ir rakstnieks?
Kas dzivo viesnic?Kur strd rsts? Kur strd

vstnieks?
Kas js bsiet, kad bsiet slims/-a?
Kas ir domtjs?Kas ir speletjs?Kas ir tulkotjs?
v,,
Kas ir dejotjs?Kas ir dziedtjs?Kas ir lasitava
(reading-room)?T ir telpa vai istaba, kur ...
Wr
K sauccilveku, kas tulko grmatas?K sauccilveku, kas nodarbojas

ar biznesu (nodarboties- to occupyoneselfl?Ko dara bezdarbnieks?
Kur mcs studenti? Ko dara studenti?
o
laba msa labEmsE labas msas lablammslml
- -
laba mte labffimtE labas mtes lablmmtEd
- -
laba sirds labdsirdEil Iabas sirdis lablamsirdlim
- -
Theverbsdot to give),ststit (to tell,to relate),rakstt (to write)areollowed
by the dativeof the person(indirectobject)and the accusative o the thing
(directobject).
Mte ststa meitai (dat. * lzam?)pasaku (alzuz.- lzo?).(Mother is
telling (her) daughter a fairy-tale.)
Kam mte ststa pasaku?- meitai
Ko mte ststa meitai? - pasaku
Vi4a dod brniem maizi. (She is giuing (sotne)bread to the children.)
Dls raksta tvam vstuli. (The son is writting a letter to (his) fq.ther.)
*o,",
There is no verb in Latvianlor to have, but to expressthe possessionthe
dative o the person with the verb b (to be) is used:
Mtei ir grmata. Mother has a boolz.
Kam ir grmata? Mtei.
Tevam ir mja. Father hqs q. house.
Berniem ir maize. The children haue (some) bread.
ir/navlbija/nebijalbs/nebs
Lietojiet pareizs galotnes!

Use the correct endings.
Mte dod brn-- (sg.) maiz-. Brl-- gaida ms-. Es lasu skaist- pasak-
brn--. Tev-- ir lab- draug- (sg.). Tv-- ir lab- draug- (pl.). Dl- dod
mt-- vstul-. Ms-- ir lab- grmat-. Kad dzimanasdiena ir Jn--?
Kam vilS raksta vstul-? Draudzen--.Vai dels raksta vstul- mt--?
Vai tu vakar zvaniji profesor--? Jur--
ir liel-- aus--.Meiten-- ir skaist-- ac--.
Tirg- ir sarkan- bol-. Ledusskap-ir
Iiel- ziv-. Liel-- ziv-- ir liel- galv-.
Kas ir cilvekam? Cilvkam ir galva,

kakls, kjas, rokas, mati, acis, ausis,
veders, mugura, seja, deguns, piere,
zods,mute, vaigi, lpas, uzacis, zobi,
mele, krtis, plaukstas, pirksti, cefi,
sirds.
65
Personu vietniekvrdidativ. -
The Dative of the personal pronouns.
tivecase.
Man patik (I like): tev patik $,oulike), viqam patik ...
Vi4am garo(he likes the taste;it tastesgood to him) ...
Man sp (I feel (hauea) pain) ...
Vi4am sp kakls (he has a sore throat - rllzle) ...
Vi4am sp acis (his eyesache) ...
Man sp galva (1 haue a headache)...
Vi4am sp kja (he has a pain in his foot) ...
Mtei patik mana _q1qata, $o t!.*p I i,(,e,s
my boolz.
vai tev garsoabclf,lDb,ti tii f
"'oi'b
Kas jums garo?Kasrjrnsiteg1$f.l
l1i u rt*''
Tulkojiet!
Translate.
He gives (is giving) a book to a friend. Mother gives (something)to
the child. The brother and the sister are reading a fairy-tale. Father
is working in the meadow (plaua). Mother works in the house. My
brother has a sharp axe (ossciruis), but he doesnot work with it. We
are coming home. Where is father working? Your brother writes (is
writing) a letter to my mother. I am not giving the book to our friend.
I have a headache.
It is not cold. It is warm. I have got a question. Have you got time
today? How are you? - So-so.We speakLatvian. I speak French and
i German. My uncle has a small house, and a very fine small garden.
I
My aunt had a son and a daughter.Had your sister somemilk in her
glass?- Yes,she had. Milk is very good for children. Who writes (is
writing) his uncle a long letter? - My friend, who was here. What do
you like to read? I have a sore throat, a headacheand a cough
I
(klepus).
-{tbidiet uz j autj rrmiem !
.{nswer the questions.
Cik jums ir gadu?Man ir gadi.
\-ai jums ir draugs vai draudzene?
Cik jums ir draugu eit,Latvij?
Vai jums ir laiks ovakar?
No k jums ir bail? Man ir bail (I am afraid) no vilka.
Vai jums ir labs garastvoklis?J,
Vai jums ir automaSina?
Vai jums ir suns?Kdi mjdzivnieki jums ir?
Kad jums ir dzimanasdiena?
t nekas not so bad

garastvoklis mood
mjdzivnieki pets
dzim5anas diena birthday
16. NODARBIBA
KASJUMSPATIK/NEPATIK,
GARSo/NEGARSo,
SP/NESP?
Lietojiet personu vietniekvardu dativ ! Veidoj i et j autjumus!
Ask questions. Fill in the gaps with the personal pronoun in the
Dative.
kas tev kai/kait? - whet is the matter with you?
Ilze ir slima. Ii,lasuiryai kai?

Andris ir slims. Kas _ sp?
Es esmu sims.Kas _ kai?
Vi4 ir slims. Kas _ kai?
Vai - sp gava?
I
I 67
I
Skolotja ir slima. Kas ---- kai?
Vai --.- sp kakls?
Berni ir slimi. Kas --- kai?

Vai ..-..- ir temperatra?
Vir,riir slimi. Kas sp?Cik liela temperatra --- ir?
Anna un Ilze ir slimas. Kas _-- sp?
Js esat slimi. Kas --- sp?
Js esat slims. Kas --..- sp?
Vai js esat slims? Kas sp?Kur -- sp?
-
Mans suns ir slims. Kas _- kai? (,
ltil
S\iet, ms esam slimi. Kas -- kai?
Vai js zint, kas _- kai?
Atbildiet!
Answer.
Kas jums sp?Vai jums biei sp galva?Kad jums bieZksp galva _
no ritiem vai vakaros?Kas verjums sp?vai jums sap garvartvieu
valodasnodarbibs?vai jums sp galv ratuiu de]?vai js
"atoa
bieZi-slimojat?Kas jums visbieZkai? Kas sp cilvkam, ia vinu
nemil?
Kam patik koncerts? (Mes)Mums patik koncerts.
Kam patik programma? (Studenti) patik pro-
gTamma.
Kam garo arbzs? (Vi+i) garo arbzs.
Kam gar5o alus? (Jnis un Imants) garoalus.
Kam patik lekcija? (Js) patik lekcija.
Kam gar5o tja un kafija? (Aina) garotja, bet
t (es)
I kafija.
I
I
T
68
I
Kam garokonfektes?(Vilas) garokonfektes.
Kam negar5oilimonde?(Meitenes) negaro i
limonde.
Kam garSobou sula? Abolu sula garo (visa
gimene).
Kam patik celot?Cefot patik (visi).
Kam nepatik i filma? Si filma nepatik (mazi
brni).
Vai tev patik i glezna?Ja,
Vai jums garosaldejums?J, protams,
Vai (Dons) garobanni?J, (viqr5)
gar5obanni.
Vai (slimnieki) patik 5i procedra?J, (vili)
patik.
Vai (profesors Krmi4) patik i lekcija? J,
Kam ir garlaicigi (garlaicigs- borirug,tedious,dull)? (F,s)

ir mazliet garlaicigi.
Lietvardus iekavs prveidojiet dativa forrn!

Change the nouns in brackets into the dative form.
ffi ieoti.irt.) ir ierocis (weapon, arm).

(Kasieris) ir bifetes.
(Skolotjs) ir Zurnls, bet (skolotja)
It avtze.
(Vecki) ir brni, bet (brni) lr
vecki.
Medicinas fakulttes (students) ir prakse
slimnic.
(Mana draudzene) ir draugs no Japnas.
(Tavs tevs) irlpieder (piedert - to belong,
to own) banka.
69
{Slinki studenti) ir daudz problemu sesijas
Iaik.
iSmnica) ir jauns jumts.
(Arsts) ir liela pacietiba (patience, endurance)
darb ar pacientiem.
B: Profesorspalidz (studenti)
Arsts palidz (pacienti)
Vai psihologs(s) nepalidz?
Jnis palidz (draugs) mcities.

Imants palidz (vecs virietis) iekpt trolejbusa.
Kasiere palidz (veca sieviete) apssties.
Vai js biei palidzat (veci cilvki) 2
Asistents palidz (rsts) opert.

Msi4a palidz (slimniece) novilkt apavus.
Veidojiet teikumus!
Make sentences.
Lietvrds Darb. v Lie.tvards Lietvards Lietvrds

(Nom.) (Akuz.) (Dat.) (Lok.)
Msa gataYot brokastis brni virtuve
Brlis labot automalna kaimin sta
Draugs rakstit vstule mte pasts
Draudzene paidzt,pirkt cepure brlis tirzus
Viesis dvint dvana draugi jubileja
Prdevjs prdot preces plrceJr veikals
Bibliotekre dot grmatas studentes biblioteka
Cefotjs cefot aq vilciens ar, draugi vasara
70
dol - to give
Papidinisl tabuu!
Complete the table.

Es dodu del'u dou
Tu dod devi dosi
Vi4Sivita dod deva dos
Mes
Js
Vi4i/vias
Vrdnca.- Vocabulary.
saslimt to fal ill
slimot to be ill (with)
del becauseof
vel yet, still
milt to love
procedra procedure,treatment
jumts roof
iekpt un izkpt (es kpju) to step (get) in and to get out
apsesties (es apsos) to sit down, to take a seat
novilkt un uzvilkt (es velku) to take off and to put on
apavi foot-wear
17.NODARBIBA
SARUNAS
Telefona saruna
Andris: Sveiks!
Gunars: Neka. Neesmu vis sveiks.
Esmu slims.
.; Vai tu jau/ilgi slimo?
G.: Vakar biju vesels,orit jtos slims.
..' Kas tev sp?
7T
G..'Viss.Man gribas gult un necelties.
.; Neceliesari. Nav nek prtiga, ko darit. r ir slikts laiks. Bet
man tomr tevis ir 1.Es tev apsolu vlreiz piezvant. Sveiks!
(vis, ari - reinforcing particles; slimot - to be itt; prttgs _ sensible;
apsolit - to promise)
Saruna uz ielas
- Labdien, draugs! Kur steidzies?
- Eju uz aptieku pc zlm.
- Vai kds ir slims?
- Mans brlis.
- Vai vil jau ilgi simo?
- Ne, vi tikai vakar vakar saslima.vinam ir lielas iesnas,iekaisis
kakls un stipri sp galva.
- Ko rsts saka?Vai kda nopietna slimiba?
- Arsts dom, ka t ir saaukstoanas. Sadaaukst raik loti tri var
saauksteties.
- J, ari es mokos ar galvasspmun stipri klepoju. Bet ceru, ka tas
pries. Novlu tavam brlim drizu izveseJoanos.
- Paldies.Uz redzanos.
(kur tu steidzies?- where are you hurrying? es eju pec zlm - I am
going to fetch medicine; vakar vakar - lcrst night; vi4am ir lielas
iesnas- he has a seuerecold;vi4am ir iekaisis (iekaist - to inflame)
kakls - he has a sore throat; es mokos (mocities) ar galvasspem- 1
suffer from headache;tas pries - it will pass,.novlu (novelOi) drizu
izveseloanos - I wish (him) a speedyrecouery)
vai js biezi slimojat? vai js slimojat vairk ziem, rudeni vai pava-
sari?vai js slimojat ari vasar?vai js tagad esatveses/-a? vai jums
nekas nesp?Vai jums bieZi sp galva? Kad jums sp galva - rttos,
vakaros vai nodarbibu laik? Vai latvieu valoda jums sagd (o
to giue) galvasspes?
cd.rr.se, Vai jums ir zles pret galvasspm?Vai
js bieZi dzerat zles?Kdas zles js dzerat? Kad js ejat gult _
agri vai vlu? K js gufat? vai js varat tri aizmigt (to fatt asleep)?
Ko js dart, ja js nevar at aizmigt?
Iegaumjiet!
Learn by heart.
Kas tev kai5? What is the matter with you?
Man sp galva/ir galvasspes. I have a headache.
72
Kas tev sp? What's the matter with you?
Vai tev sp? Does it hurt?
Man ir nelabi (slikti). I don't feel well.
Man ir slikta d5a. I am nauseous.I feel sick.
Man trkst elpas. I can't catch my breath.
Man ir bezmiegs. I can't sleep.
Man ir vja sirds. I have a bad heart.
Atsauciet rstu! Call the doctor!
Rpejies/rupjieties
par savu vesehbu! Take care ofyourselfl
Izbeidzl-iet smlet! Stop smoking!
Neparpies/
neprpieties! Don't overstrain yourself!
Vese! oj ies/ve se! oj i etie s! Recover!
Tikai mieru! Take it easy
Neuztraucies/
neuztraucieties par to! Don't worry about it.
Sveiks un vesels. Safe and sound!
lmperativs.- The lmperative.

Usuallywe form the lmperativeby the verb in the 2nd personsingularor plu-
ral (PresentSimple)withoutthe personalpronountu or js.
Bt - tu esi - esi! Iet - tu ej - ej! Dot - tu dod - dod!
esiet! ejiet! dodiet!
Est - tu ed - d! diet! Braukt - tu brauc - brauc! brauciet!
Dzivot - tu dzivo - dzivo! Slimot - tu slimo - neslimo!
dzivojiet!
Veidojiet imperatrvu!
Form the fperative.
Runt - tu run - runa! Strdt - tu strd -

MazgaL - tu mazg -
Jautt - tu jaut - Meklt - tu mekl -

bpelet Domt
Kavt CeJot
Varet - tu vari - ua.ri!uariet! Atbildet - tu atbidi - atbildi! atbildiet!
Cert - tu ceri - Redzet- tu redzi -
Lasit - tu asi - Dzirdt
73
Palidzt Je d e t jtavet
Gaidit Darit Rakstit

Pardit Dziedt Ststit
Mazgties - tu mazgjies - mazgajies! mazgajieties!
Mcities - tu mcies - mq,cies! macieties!
Klausities - tu klausies- Skatities- tu skaties-
Rpties- tu rpejies- Plties (to try hard) -

tu plies
Vesefoties(to recouer)- tu veseJojies-
Uztraukties - tu uztraucies-
Veidojiet imperativu!
Form the Imperative.
1. Es du pankkas. Ed tu art! Ediet jas arr.!
2. Vi4i lasa un tulko tekstu latviski.
3. Js mekljat auditoriju.
4. Students zvanapa telefonu.
5. Arsts rst slimnieku simnic.
6. Ms braucam uz universitti katru ritu.
7. Daudzijauniei mcsMedicinas fakultt.
8. Js gaidt draudzeni lasitav.
9. Js rdt rstam mli.
10. Es studjudaZdasvalodas.
Let us go! Iesim! Lasisim! Brauksim! Mcisimies!
saauksteties saauksteans to catch cold cold

- -
izvesefoties izveseloans to recover + recovery
-
prplties prplans to overwork (oneself)'
-
overwork, overstrain
(sa)redztigs (sa) redzeans to seeeach other + meeting
-
uz redzeanos good-bye,seeyou ater!
uztraukties (es uztraucos) to be excited,to be alarmed
uztraukums excitement
I agri vai vlu early or late
T
I
74
II
I
18. NODARBIBA
SMIEKLIIR VISLABKASZLES
Kdam rstam bija pacients, kurS mdza vi+u apturet uz ielas, kad
vien vin vi4u satika, un lgt padomu.Arstam tas bija lidz kaklam,
un vi4nolmato prmcit. T nkamajreiz,kad pacientsaptureja
rstu uz ielas un ldza padomu par kdu kaiti, dakteris lika vi4am
aizvrt acis un izbzt meli. Tad vi4 aizgja projm, atstdams
pacientu uz ielas ar aizvertm acrm un izkrtu mli.*
+
- Es domju, ka cilvekiem vairk btu jstaig basm kjm' Tas ir
veseligi.
- GluZi manas d.omas.Personigi man, piemram, vienmer, kad pa-
mostos apautm kjm, Sausmigisp galva.*+
+
- Kas ir skleroze?
- Paskaidrou tev ar. piemeru. Stv liks vecitis ar tuku somu uz
stra un dom: "Vat es nku no veikala vai vel tikai eju uz tu-
r ieni?" ***
Tulkojiet!
Translate.
It was difficult to get up in the morning. Peter was in the bathroom,
but I still lay in bed. we hurry home from university. we have much
to do there. How long were you in the country? I was there the whole
day. Would you please give me some change?I haven't any change
just now. What a pity, I wanted to make a call. I don't know it by
heart. Peter is sleepinglate this morning becausehe is ill. Mother
givesPeter medicine for relieving cough.Imants has a headache,but
he doesnot want to stay at home. The sky becamebrighter. I become
rich. He becamea teacher.(Klt: hlstu - kluuu - klu') I often make
mistakes (kludttes).I don't understandthis word. The day before
yesterday we were reading and writing in Latvian' Nobody spoke
English. They were walking along the streets.It takes a long time. It
is still early. It is not too late. Not too long ago I gave you my pen'
75
Iegaumjiet!
Learn by heart.
pirms brla - a little while ago
pc briZa - in a moment
pc mirkfa - in a moment
gadu no gada - from year to year
visu dienu/nakti - all daylnight long
kop kura laika? - since when?
Prveidojiet tagadn!
Change into the Present tense.
Es aicinju viesus. Dai (some)man atbildja ar vstuli. Mes mek-
ljm savasgrmatas.veikalnieks pelnija lielu naudu. Auditorij ms
runjm latviski. vai tu dzirdji, ko mte sacija?Ko tu man jautji?
Zers no ritiem mazgjs.Ms strdjm lidz vlam vakaram. vi4
rakst[ia vingrinjumu. Jnis redzjalielu suni. saimniece vrija mums
pusdienas.Ms ar bri gjm uz meu. Es klausijosputnu dziesms.
viTS meloja, kad ststija par sevi. Es mcijos un intensivi runju
latvieu valod. Es gribju saruntiesar citiem.
pemt - to take
pa4emt (to tq.keaway), iz4emt (to tq,keout), troryemt (to tazeoff)
likt - o put; to bid, to command

uzlikt (to put on), nolikt (to put down), ietikt (to put in)
Papildiniet tabulu!
Complete the table.
Tagadne - Present Pagtne - Past Nkotne - Future

es nemu un lieku 4emu un liku 4emuun liku
tu 4em un liec 4mi un liki emsi un liksi
vi4/vi4a4em un liek 4ma un lika r,remsun liks
ms...
js ...
vi4i/vi4as...
Imperative
I 4emiet! lieciet!
T
I
76
I
Daudzpunktes viet lieciet vrdu ryemt vai liht!
Fill in the gaps with qtem.t or liht in the correct form.
Mte ... dlam salasit drz bolus. Vi4a saka: "... un ... bolus groz
(baslzet)!" Vi4 jaut: "Vai man vajag visus bolus pc tam ... skapi?"
Mte atbild: "N, daus bolus ...,nomazg un ... uz \<ivja!"
+
A good laugh
* A doctor had a patient who used to stop him in the street when-
ever he met him, and ask his advice.The doctor had enough of
this and he decidedto teach him a lesson.So the next time the
patient stoppedhim in the street and askedhim adviceabout his
pain, the doctor made him shut his eyesand put out his tongue.
Then he went away,leaving the patient with his eyes shut and
his tongue out.
** - I think that peopleshould walk barefootmore. It's very healthy.

- My own thoughts exactly! Personally speaking,for example,I
always have a terrible headachewhen I wake up with my shoes
on.
**'c - \4fhat is sclerosis?

- I'll explain it to you with an example.A hunched little old man
is standing on the corner and thinking: 'Am I coming from the
shop or am I still on my way there...?"
mgt (es mdzu) to be in the habit (of), to be used

(to)
satikt (es satieku) to meet
nolemt (es nolemju) to decide
lgt (es ldzu) to ask, to beg
aizvrt un atvert (es veru) to shut, to closeand to open
izbazt un iebzt (es bu) to put out and to shove(into)
pelnit to earn
melot to lie, to tell tales
salasrt (augfus) to gather
saukt (es saucu) to call
vispirms, pec tam, tad first of all, after that, then
vajadzet (man vajag) to need (I must)
77
likt (es lieku, tu liec) 1) to put, to place;2) to bid, to
command,to make
likt gult to put to bed
likt kakt to make to stand in the corner
likt mier to leave in peace,to let alone
likt priek to propose
likt saprast to make smb. to understand
liec to aiz auss put that in your pipe and smokeit!
likt kdam gaidit to make smb. wait, to keep smb.
waiting
likties (man liekas) to seem,to appear(it seemsto me)
liekas. ka lis it looks like rain
Atgriezeniskaisvietniekvrds.- The reflexive pronoun.
sevis (en.)
Vi4 ststa par sevi. He tells about himself.
Es ieleju sev krzi tjas. I pour myself a cup of tea.
Vi4 redz sevi spoguli. He seeshimself in the mirron
19. NODARBIBA
nicn uNvEcnicn
ael- to go braukt - to drive skriet - to run it - to ride
ffi
\1+ ieiet iebraukt ieskriet iejt
ziel izbraukt izskriet izjaL

!9
l%
ll tr- aiziet aizbraukt aizskriet aizjt
\L l-
@
\tl
apiet apbraukt apskriet apjt
|R priet prbraukt prskriet prjt

itiltt
\__J \L_ l
/R pieiet piebraukt pieskriet piejt
\L/
78
x$s saiet sabraukt saskriet sajt
7.14
ffi uziet uzbraukt uzskriet azjt
m noiet
atiet
nobraukt
atbraukt
noskriet
atskriet
nojt
atjt
(to start, (to arriue)
to leaue
paiet pabraukt paskriet
(to pass, (to pass by)
to be ouer;
to go)
dot - to give
Iedot - to giue, to hand; izdot -to spend,to publish; izdot paveli - o

issuean ord,er;izdot noziedznieku- to deliuer up; aizdot - to lend;
prdot - to sell; piedot - to forgiue, to pardon (Piedodiet!);sadot -
t) to giue (a quantity), 2) to giue a slapping; uzdot - L) to set,
2) (uzticet) to charge (with\, to commissioru;nodot - l) to deliuer,to
hand.ouer;2) nodot atkltibai - to makepublic, 3) to betra.y;atdot -
to giue baclt, to return; padot - to pass,to han'd, to giue
Riga un Vecnga
Latvij ir lielas un mazaspilsetas.Riga ir liela pilsta. T ir Latvijas
galvaspilsta.Riga ir arl veca pilsta. Rig ir vecpilsta,ko sauc par
vecrigu. Rigai 2001.gadbija 800. dzimanasdiena. cik gadu vecair
Riga? Riga tika dibinta (was found,ed)1201.gad. Rigas centr ir
Latvijas universitte, kas ir dibinta 1919. gad. No centra ar
autobusiem,trolejbusiem un tramvajiem var aizbraukt uz da'dm
Rigas vietm. uz kurieni js braucat visbiek?K js braucat uz
universitti? varbt js nebraucat, bet ejat kjm? vai js jau bijt
Jrmal? Jrmala ari ir Latvijas pilsta. T ir pilsta pie Baltijas
jras. Uz Jrmalu var tri aizbraukt ar elektrisko vilcienu'
vecriga ir Rigas sirds. T atrodas starp Daugavu un Bastejkalnu un
no Krij4a valdemra ielas lidz 13. janvra ielai. vecriga it maza,
79
(
I
I
q
bet foti interesanta pilstas daJa.Tur ir jauki muzeji, skaistasmjas,

aurasielas, kuru nosaukumi ststa par senm profesijm. Pieme-
ram, Kaju ela (Blach,srnith s' street), Miesnieku iela (Butchers' street)
un Audju iela (Weauers'street). Uz Smil5u (Sand) un Tor4a (Tower)
ielas stra ir Pulvertornis (Powdertower). Ja js ejat pa Smilu ielu
no Pulvertor+a pa labi, tad pa kreisi pri ielai ir gan ministrijas, gan
kafejnicas,bet ielas labaj puse ir veikali, bankasun restorni. Pavi-
sam (quite) tuvu ir Vecrigascentrs - Doma laukums (square).Doma
katedrl ir |oti slavenasrgeles(organ).
Paststiet, kas jums vislabk patik Vecrrg!
Atbildiet uz jautjumiem! Izmantojiet dotos vardus!

Answer the questions. IJse the given words.
l. Ka oiziet uz staciju? Ej (ejiet) ta.isni un pa labi!
K aiziet uz viesnicu?(iet, pa labi, viens kvartls, uz stra)
K aiziet uz universitti? (iet, taisni uz prieku,divi kvartli)
K aziet lidz pieturai? (iet, pa kreisi, taisni, pa labi, pie parka)
Kaiziet uz pastu? (iet, gar tirgu, taisni, lidz stacijai)
2. Ka aizbraulztuz centru? Brquc (brauciet)3 pieturas ar 5. (piekto)
tramuaju!
Stacija - braukt, 4 pieturas, 21. autobuss
Banka - braukt, viena pietura, 2. tramvajs
Gaifezeraslimnica - braukt lidz galam, 14. vai 18. trolejbuss
Jrmalas centrs - braukt, elektrovilciens,9 pieturas
80
3. Sahiet, Idzu, kur ir kafejnca? Nac (naciet)ieka,ta ir 2' (otraia)
staua.
Viesnica- braukt, 5. trolejbuss, iet, viens kvartls atpakaf
Stres iela - braukt, ... pieturas, ... tramvajs vai ... trolejbuss,vai ...
autobuss
1. slimruca- braukt, viena pietura, 4. trolejbuss vai iet kjm 3 kvartli
Kad iet vilciensuz Jrmalu? 71.25,12.L5,L2.40.13.00,13.30
Cikos atiet autobuss?14.00,pc 5 mintem
Muzejs - braukt pa o ielu taisni, pa kreisi, pa labi, atkal pa kreisi
Atkartojiet imperativu! Pabeidziet teikumus, lietojot darbibas

vardus imperativ!
Repeat the Imperative. Finish the sentences, using the verb in
the Imperative.
Ja tu gribi last,lasi! Ja js gribat last,lasiet! Ja tu negribi last,
nelq,si!Ja js ruegribatlast, nelasiet!
Ja tu negribi atbildt, ! Ja js negribat atbildt,
Ja tu gribi iet, ! Ja js gribat iet,

Ja tu gribi jautt,
Ja tu negribi gulet,
Ja tu negribi st,
81
Ja tu gribi meklt,
Ja tu negribi ststit,
Ja tu gribi braukt,
Ja tu gribi makst,
Ja tu nac, tad, nac atrak! Ja js nah,at, tad naciet atrak!
Ja tu guli, tad guli un nerun! Ja js
Ja tu mcies,tad mciesun nepfp!Ja js
Ja tu klausies mziku, tad klausies un netrauc citus!
Ja tu dod naudu, tad dod un ilgi nedom! Ja js
atrasties (es atrodos) to be, to be situated (placed)

nosaukums, vrds name
stris un kakts corner
kvartls block
taisni uz prieku straight on
pa labi n pa kreisi to the right and to the left
atpakaf back
uz prieku un atpakaf back and forth; backwards and
forwards
stary between
20. NODARBIBA
VESELIGSDZIVESVEIDS
- Es esmu tik nomkts un nevaru ne ar vienu norunt tikanos,-
savamrstam ZelojasL25 kg smagsvirietis. - Me$nju darit visu, lai
zaudtu svaru. Bet nekas nenalidz.
82
-
-' a -
- Domju, ka es varu palidzt, - teica rsts. - Apgrbietiesun esiet

gatavs iziet no mjas rit no rita pulksten 7'00!
Nkamaj rit skaista sieviete pieklauvja pie viriea durvim. - Ja
js varat mani no\ert, js varat mani dabt, - vi4a teica, uzskot
skrejienu. Vi4 pzdams elsdamsvi4ai sekoja.
Sadaveida skrjiensturpinjs katru dienu turpmkos piecusmene-
5us.Virietis zaudjavairk nek 50 kg un beidzotjuts prliecints,
ka sptu nolcert sievieti nkamaj dien. Taj rit vi4 piai atvera
savasmjas durvis un ieraudzija L25 kg smagu sievieti, kas vi4u tur
gaidija.
- Dakteris man teica, - vi4a sacija, - ka, ja es varu no\<ertjs, es
varu js dabt.x
+
Vecki sa+emvstuli no dela, kas atrodas vasarasatptas nometn:
,,Man iet labi. Laiks eit ir lielisks. Sku treneties boks.Jaun zobu
suka man vairs nav vajadzrga."**
Prievrdulietoiumsar akuzativu.
The use of prepositionswith the Accusative.
Ap gadu sZstudenti.
1. ap - around Ap vilu vienmer ir draugi.
Pr ezeru lido putni.

2. pr - eboue,
Pr upi ir tilts.
ouer
Ms runjam par o
slimibu.
3. par - about Vai js runjat par
medicinu?
Es stradaju pqr masinu.
Vi4i gja pret sauli.

Tu esi nelaipns pret mani.
4. pret - againstl Studenti cins pret
towards slinkumu.
Starp veikalu un kafejnicu

5. starp - between
ir pietura.
6. caur - through Meitene gja caur meZu.
Vai js gjt pa ielu,

7. pa - alo n g , o n
pa celu?
Ms staigjmpa parku,
pa Vecrigu.
8. gar - along, Ms gjm gar krastu.

past, by Gar cefa malu aug koki.
84
Kad js iesietuz
universitti?
9. uz - to (uz kurieni? Vai tu aizbrauci uz
where (to)?) Jrmalu?
Vi4a raksta ar zimuli

un kritu.
Katru rtu tu bruuc ar
10. ar - with trolejbusu.
Vi4a kop ar
draudzeni gatavojs
eksmenam.
Lietojiet prievrdus!
Use the prepositions.
Es domju atptu. Vil strd prdevejuveikal.
Man garo saldjums ievrijumu. Sodien ms iesim

tetri. Vispirms vi4 priet ielu, tad iet -
ietvi (sidewallt). Mes cinmies slinkumu. Ms cinmies

mieru vis pasaule.Vir,ripastaigjs krastmalu.
Kakis skrien mju un ler peli. Js katru dienu braucat

upi - trolejbusu. Bet vasars ms braucam
upi - laivu. Vai js ejat lekciju?
Prievrdulietoiumsar dativu.
The use o prepositionswith the Dative.
1. lidz - till, until, to Es eitbulidz vakaram. Lidz vakardienai

viT vel bija Rig. Lidz pastam ir tris
kilometri. Cik tlu ir lidz universittei?
2. par (ouer,aboue,e.cross),cauri (through), pretim, pretr (oppo-
site), garann (past, by), apkrt (around, roun'd, about),lldzi (with
smb.),lidzs (nexto, beside,side by slde),blaku s (beside,by the side,
nex to), paka! (after, behind)
85
Ievietojiet vaj adzigo prievardu!
Lse the correct preposition.
Es brauku Stres ielai. Pec tam es brauku centru.

\es katru dienu braucam Daugavai centram
universitti. Vi4 slimoja jras slimibu, kad
brauca kugi - okenu. Aizvakar es gju
tiltam kjm, tad izgju - Vecrrgai,apgju Brivibas
piemineklim parkam un _ operai ieraudziju
(ieraudzit - to get sight of) Ekonomikas fakultti.
Paststiet, kds ir jsu ikdienas marruts (route)!

Par ko js patlaban domjat?
Paststiet, k js rpjaties par savu veselibu! Vai js no
ritiem skrienat?
Thereflexive
possessive pronoun"savs,sava',referso allpersons. lt agrees
withthenounit qualiies
in numberandgender.lt is declinedlikean indefinite
adjective.
Es lasu savu grmatu (fem. sg.).1amreading my book.Es lasu savas
grmatas (fem.pl.). I am reading my boolzs.Tu gaidi savus br]us
(masc.pl.). Youare waiting for your brothers.Ms gaidm savu brli
(masc. sg.).Weare waiting for our brother.
Es lasu tavu grmatu. I am reading your book. Tu asi manu gr-
matu. You are reading my booh.
Lietojiet pareizo piederibas vietniekvrdu!

Use the right possessivepronoun.
Vai tu lasi (my) grmatu?N, es lasu (my) grmatu.
Vai tu lasi (my) grmatu?J, eslasu Qour) _grmatu.
Es pats/-i (I myselfl gribu lasit (my) _ grmatu. Kur jr (my)
grmata?
Piecusgadus vec Ilzite kdu dienu mtei jaut:

- Mmi4, vai katram brnam ir savs tvs?
I
- Protams,meiti4, j.
I 86
I
I
ir tie
- Bet ms tacu esamtris brni - Velga,Dzintra un es' Kur tad
divi prjie tvi?***
o
*-I'msodepressedandlcan'tgetdates,-the125-kilomancom-
plained to iris doctor.I've tried everything to lose weight'
- I think I can help, - said the doctor' - Be dressedand ready to
go out tomorrow at 7.a.m.
ext morning a beautiful woman knocked on the man's door'
- If you can catch me' you can have me, - she said' as she took
off. He huffed and puffed after her'
This routine went rre.y day for the next five months' The man
lost more than 50 kilos an felt confident that he would finally
catch the woman the next day. That morning he whipped open
his front door and found a 125-kilo woman waiting for him.
_ The doctor told me, _ she said, _ that if I can catch you, I can
have you.
** Parents receive a letter from their son who is at a summer

holiday camp:
to
"Everl'thing is o.k. here' The weather is great' I've started
learn toxing. I don't need my new toothbrush any more'"
*** One day little five year old Ilze asks her mother:
- Mummy, doesevery child have its own father?
- Ofcourse, daughterl
are
- But we're thre children - Velga,Dzintra and I' So where
the other two fathers?
Vrdnica.- VocabularY.
tilts bridge
nelaipns unkind, unfriendlY
crnities to struggle, to fight
vesture history
krts chalk
atpta rest
atpsties (es atpos) to rest
miers peace
to catch
{<ert (es keru)
pele mouse
tlu vai tuvu far or near
87
21.NODARBIBA
KASTEVIR, UN KA TEV NAV?

- Vai js odien ejat uz Kalni4a lekciju?
- J.
- Labk neejiet! Saka, ka vi4a lekcijas ir sliktas.
- Diemlman jiet. Redziet,es esmu Kalnil.
enitivs. - The Genitive.

The genitivecasegenerally denotespossession.
In Englishlhe possessrve
caseis formedby adding- s to thenoun(insg.)or by adding' (apostrophe)
to thenoun(inpl.).ln Latvian
thepossessive
caseprecedes thenounit reers
to; eyamja- father'shouse;kokazars- branchof a tree.
The genitive endings are:

1. tevs tva (fqther's) cepure tevu (fathers,) cepures
2. brlis brla mja brfu mja
gulbis (swan) gulbja dziesma gulbju (,,Gulbju ezers,,)
cirvis cirvja kts (axe handle, cirvju kti (ofthe axes)
handle of the axe)
3. tirgus tirgus cena(marzetprice) tirga
4. msa msas (sister's)grmata msu (sls/ers)gtmatas
5. puhe pul,<eskts pul,<upods (flowerpot)
6. acs acs plaksti4 Ai acu rsts
ttotel
t-.
1 lhe noun afterthe verb navis in the genitivecase.
Man (dat.) nav msas (gen.). I have no sister.
Tvamnav darba. Father has no work.
Brlim nav ciwja. The brother hasno axe.
Man nav labas draudzenes,laba drauga,labu brlu, labu msu.
A noun denotingmeasure,a numeralor an adverbdenotingindefinitenumoer
(maz- little/ew;daudz- much/plenty/alot/agreat/many)agreeswith a noun
in the genitive.
maz grmatu - few books
daudz grmatu- many books
maz naudas- littlemoney
daudz naudas- much money
Maz naudas,maz bdu. - Littlemoney,littleworries,
Cik ?- How m u c h ,h o w m a n v ?
88
kilogramscukura- kg of sugar
tonna naftas- ton of oi
desmit bernu- ten children
koka galds - a woodentable
zida drbes- a silk dress
zeltagredzens- a gold ring
kukulismaizes- a loa o bread
Pievienojiet lietvrdus $enitiv!

Add nouns in the genitive to denote the possessor or substance of
the following.
. . . dr z s ; . . . g r m a ta ; ... c i rv i s ; ... g a l ds; ... gredzens; ... kl ei ta; ...
c epur e; . . . d ra u g s ; ... s m a r,a ;... l a p a (l e a.fl ;...l apa(sheet);... krasts;
... pudeles; ... universitte; ... fakultte; ... valdiba; ... vstnieciba; ...
veikals: ... valoda: ... iela: ... skolotis
Ievietojiet galotnes!
Add the correct endings.
Tev- mja ir liel-. Mt-- drzs ir skaist-. Tur nk br!- draug-. Maiz--
smarZa ir lab-. Man- zelt- gredzens ir skaist-. Mums ir daudz naud--.
Mums nav dzivokf-. Kok-- (lok.,pl.) ir bol-. Tie ir kaimil- boli. Es
dzivoju Brivib-- iel. Mums ir lekcijas Rai4- bulvr, Aspazij-- bulvri,
Sarlot-- iel un VisvalZ- iel. Mes dzivojam Str-- iel, bet citi
studenti dzivo Bastej- bulvri. Medicin-- fakultt-- studentiem prakse
ir Bi\erniek- slimnic-, Rig-- 1. (pirmaj) slimnic- un Stradi4- slimnic-,
bet Ekonomik-- fakultt-- studenti strd bank-- un firm--. Rig- ir
skaist- park-, daudz skaist- park-. Daudz laim-- dziman-- dien!
Veidojiet noliegrrmu!
Change into the negative.
Man ir grmata. Brlim ir sieva. Man ir laiks. Tvam ir drzs. Jurim
ir lampa. Tev ir koka galds. Ilzei ir brlis. Jums ir ka\is. Cilvkiem ir
libs garastvoklis. Drzniekam ir pulres. Vi4am ir labas zinanas.
Sodien tirgu ir banni un zemenes. Man darz r gurli un tomti.
Attention!
Vienskaitlis (Singular) Daudzskaitlis (Plural)
N. kas? brlis, cirvis brafi, cirvji
. k? br!a, cirvja brfu, cirvju
D. kam? brlim, cirvim brliem, cirvjiem
A. ko? brli, cirvi brfus, cirvjus
L. kur? brli, cirvi brlos, cirvjos
V - brli! cirvi! brafi! cirvji!
89
Iegaumjiet!
I
o Note!
akmens, mness, rudens, asmens (blade, edge), dens un zibens
tTightning) - change the consonants only in the plural: akmei, m-
nei, rude4.i, asme4i, de4i, ziber,ri.
The words uiess, ttis don't have any consonant changes: uiesi, teti.
But:
Pie debesimir mness.Sodienpie debesimnav mness.
Tagad ir apriJamnesis.Si mneapdjdiena ir saulaina.Gad ir
12 mnei.Kdi?
Vrdnca. - Vocabulary.
man jiet I must go

kaimi4S neighbour
garastvoklis mood
zinanas knowledge
22.NODARBIBA
MES BRAUCAMVIESOS
Tur jau nk msu autobuss.List. Mes, pieci Latvijas Universittes
Medicinas fakulttes pirm kursa studenti, braucam viesospie drauga
Jna. Drauga mjs ms sagaidaviesmiligi. "Nciet iek!"saucm-
jasmte, Jqa mmi4a. 'Js tau esat slapji k zvirbuli! Nciet te,
pie krsns! Te ir silts. Driz bs ari silts diens un karsta teja. Js
varat te palikt, kamer lietus beigsies."
"Liels paldies!"ms sakm."Gan jau viss bs krtib. Bs labi."
Mjs ir ari msu drauga J4a msa Maija, jo vi4a pa5laik ir slima.
Citdi vi4a tagadjau btu London,kur mcsmedicinasskol. Kad
vi4a beigsskolu, vi4ai bs specilssertifikts, ko nevar iegut Latvij.
Vi4a apgust specilumedicinisksaprpesprogrammu.
"Kas tev kai?"jaut mans grupas biedrs Ansis, profesionli,k n-
kamais rsts skatidamiesMaijai acis.
"Man ir iesnas un klepus. Vakar bija ari neliela temperatra. r
rLemazneeju, bet man jau jbt skol. Tur mani gaida," raud Maija.
"Es zinu labu lidzekli pret saaukstanos. Dareiz labi palidz klepus
zles, bet var lietot ari zfu tejas," mca cits mans grupas biedrs
Andris.
90
${q
"Es visu laiku daudz dzeru dadastejas, bet medus ar pienu, ko

tdos gadijumosparasti dzer latviei,man negaro,"Zlojasmeitene.
"Varbt tev vajag kdas zlesno aptiekas?" ierosina Anna. "Varbt
gribi, lai izsauc rstu? Galu gal ms ari esamnkamie rsti. Varbt
varam palidzt?"
"N, n, tas nav nepiecieami.Es ceru, ka rit jau bs labk," slim-
niece piebilst.
Krsni deg uguns. Te ir foti mjigi. Jqa mte cien ms ar pus-
dienm. Ms dzeramteju un dampirgus. Bet vislabk mums garSo
maize ar Latvijas medu. Pctam ms klausmiesmziku, skatmies
J4a tva videofilmu un klausmies,ko vi45 ststa par dzivi Latvij.
Atpaka| uz Rigu ms braucam ar nakts vilcienu. Debesisir skaidras,
spid zvaigznes.Pie debesimir spoZsmness.Rit noteikti lietus nebs,
kaut gan tagad ir pavasarapirmais mnesisun laiks ir foti lietains.
+
No rita mes vl gulam, bet Juris jau ir piecliesun virtuve gatavo
brokastis - vra putru un kafiju, cep zivis un olas, gatavo sviest-
maizes,uzliek uz galda tasites, \<ivjus,naZus,daki4asun karotes.
"K jums vakar gja?"pie brokastu galda vi4 jaut, jo vakar bija
aiz4.emtsuniversitt un nebrauca kop ar mums pie Jna.
91
"I;oti labi, l tikai, ka bija lietus. Bijm Jrmal, bet neredzjm
jru. T ir foti jauka gimene,un mums vi4i visi patika, bet jo seviI,<i
mums patika J4a msa Maija, kas ir ne tikai skaista,bet ari gudra
meitene. Turklt vi4a labi run angliski, un ms mcijm vinu runt
gan vciski, gan itliski, gan franciski. Ms lieliski pavadijm vakaru
un mjs atgriezmiesvlu. Zl,ka tu nevareji bt kop ar mums."
(viesmilgi - hospitably; slapjk zvirbulis - wetftoakedto the sh,in;
krsns - stoue;iegut - to get, to obtain; apgut - to acquire, to master;
medicinisk aprpe - med.icalcare; iesnas- cold (in the head); klepus -
cough, stiprs kepus - bad cough; rremaz- not at all; lidzeklis - nleans,
remedy; eloties- to complain; par ko js Zelojaties?- what do you
complain of?; cient - to treat, to entertain; kaut gan - although; k
jums gja?- how did you spendlwhatdid you do?; turklat - besides,
m,oreouer)
Note:
Nounswiththeending-e,-s (fem.)in the nominative singularhavea palatali-
zationin the genitiveplural(only!).
Piemram, roze- ro\u ella;priede- prieZumeis;ziepes- ziepjuputas(suds,
lathe|; plle (duck)- daudzpilu; pils- daudzpilu;zivs- zivjuzupa;sirds-
sirZulauzjs.
a
f But!
o lznmums.Exception.
acs- acursts;auss- ausursts;balss- balsuvairkums (maiority
of votes);
debesis- debesukrsa;valsts- Baltijasvalstuiedzivotji;
zoss (goose)-
zosugans(goose-herd) ;
mute- mutu(muu- /y);aste- astu;kaste- kastu;pase- pasu;kase- kasu
Prievrdulietojumsar $enitivu.
The use of prepositionswith the Genitive.
t. aiz - behind. Aiz loga aug koks. Aiz manis ir siena.

2. virs - aboue Virs plaukta ir glezna.Virs galvas ir zila debess.
3. zern - under Zem galdasZkakis. Zem mjas ir pagrabs.
92
4. pie - at Pie veikala stv faudis. Pie slimnicas ir parks.
5. no - from Vi45 nk no universittes. Vi4i ir no Polijas.
6. pc - after Pc eksmenams atpamies.Ms iesim uz
universitti pc stundas.
7. pirms - before Tas bija pirms gada.Vi4a aizgjapirms tevis.
8.bez - without Bez grmatas ir grti mcities.
9. kop - since Virli dzivo Latvij kopseptembra.Kop
vakardienaslist lietus.
10. uz - on Grmatas ir uz galda.
(kur? - where?\
11. df - /or Tas ir tikai mufl,<ibasdJ.Manis de!
(the saheof) nenc.
12. priek - /or Sis zlesir priek difterijas slimnieka.
Ievietojiet vaj adzigo prievardu!

Fill in the right preposition.
Vi4 slimo gripu. Stres ielai jbrauc -
tramvaju. Vi4i satiks lekcijasun gja kafejnicu.
auditorijaspulcejasstudenti. lekcijasvi4i atkrto
vingrinjumus. Vir,rirun - to, cik grta ir latvieu valoda.
Studente iet - lekciju, kur pasniedzjs ststs
jaunumiem fizik. Tas ir lektors Tallinas. - tam
studenti brauks kopmitni. prakses nevar apgut
profesiju. Slimnica atrodasPrdaugav,un tde| ir jbrauc
tiltu.
stipri list it is pouring (with rain)

kamr whie
citdi otherwise
btu shouldbe
raudt to weep
zfu tja herbal tea
gadjums case
parasti usually
ierosint Io suggest
nepiecieams necessary
93
cret to hope
piebilst un iebilst (es iebilstu) to add and to object
prrgs pie
hasm deg uguns there is a fire in the oven
vilciens train
spidet (es spdu) to shine
spoZs bright
piecelties to get up
putra porridge
taisrt, gatavot to make
jo seviki extraordinarily
atgriezties (es atgrieos) to return
aste tail
kaste box
kase cashbox
fizika physics
gripa influenza, grippe
23. NODARBIBA
ES JUMSGRIBUPASTASTIT
PAR...
Darbibas vardu lietojiet vajadzigaj form!

Use the verb in the correct form.
Es jums gribu paststit par Ritu. Rita (bt) - latviete. Vir,ra

(dzivot) Rig. Agrk meitene (dzivot) Jrmal
un katru dienu (braukt) - uz Rigu ar vilcienu. Tagad vi+a

(strdt) veikal. Vinai (patikt) vinas
darbs. Pirms gada vi4ai (nepatikt) runt ar pircjiem,

bet tagad vi4a ir apmierinta. Pirms darba Rita (vingrot) -
un (gatavot) - brokastis. Vi4a (st) omleti un
(dzert) pienu. Vziijs ari (dzert) pienu? Da,rez
vi4a (vrit) vai (sildit) kafiju. Pc darba
94
Rita (iet) uz parku ar suni. Vi4a labprt (staigt)
kop ar suni, an sunim (patikt) staigt pa parku.
Svtdiensvi4a(gaidit)-autobusuun(braukt)
uz Jrmalu, kur (dzvot)_ vi4as mmi4a. Tad vi4a (strdt)
darz,kop ar mti (pusdienot)_ ,bet dareiz
vir,rasari (st) - vakari4as kop.
Darb Rita (bt) deviqos.Vi+a (redzt)- pircjus
un (dzirdt) , ko vi4i (runt) . Kda sieviete
(pirkt) Zurnlus un avrzes.Rita (skaitit)
naudu. Vi4a to (darit) uzmanigi, bet (kJdities)
. Vi4a vl tikai (mcities) strdt par
prdevju. Kundze (sacit) : "Nepareizi!,, Rita (skaitit)
vlreiz un tad (atbildt) : ,,Piedodiet,ldzu,
es tlit jums (izdot) pareizil" Pc tam viTa fiautt)
: "Sakiet, ldzu, vai jums ir siknauda (small change)?"
Kundze (iedot) srknaudu, bet Rita (sacit) _ :
Es (cert)
"Uz redzanos! , ka rit (redzt)_ js
atkal. Parit gan mes (nestrdt) 1,,
Parit (bt) brivdiena,jo tad ir svtki. Rita (gribet)_

apciemotvecmminu.Vi4a (domt) , ka (vart)
aizbraukt ari uz Jrmalu, kur vir,ru(gaidit) _ vecki.Varbt
tad vi+i (aiziet) uz meu,jo visi gimen (bt) _
lieli dabas mifotji. Rudeni vini parasti (ogot) - un (s4ot)
, ziem (slepot) , bet pavasarr un vasar
(elpot) svaigu gaisu, io meZs ir plantas plau5as. Starp
citu, ari sunim (patikt) meklt meZ snes.Kad vin
(redzt) sni,vi4 (sacit) "Vau! Vau! Te t ir."
95
Atbildiet uz j autjumiem!
Kur Rita strd? K js domjat, vai Rita ir precjusies?Kur dzivo
Ritas vecki? Kpc parit Rita nestrds?Kdus svetkusjs zint?
Kds ir Ritas vafasprieks/hobijs?K js domjat, vai Rita ir laba
darbiniece?Ko vi4a dara no ritiem? K js domjat,cik gadu ir Ritai?
Ko vi4a dara svtdiens?K vi4a pavada (to spend) brivo laiku? Kur
js prkat Zurnlus?Vai jums vienmr ir siknauda?Ko js dart, kad
siknaudasnav? (mainTt- to change)
Paststiet par kdu savu darbdienu u svtdienu!

Tell about your working day and Sunday.
Cikosjs cefaties?
Vai js vingrojat no ritiem?
Kur js brokastojat?
Kojs parasti edat un dzerat brokastis?
Ko vl js dart no
rita, kamr esat mjs?
Cik ilgr js braucat lidz centram?

Cikos skaslekcijas?Cik lekciju jums ir katru
dienu? Kdas ts ir? Kur ir islekcijas?
Ko js dart pec lekcijm?
Darbibasvrds.
The Verb,
1. konjugcija
(Infinitivs - Tagadne- Pagtne- Nkotne)
augt - es augu - augu - augsu to grow
tu audz - augi - augsi 1g-dz)
vil/vila aug - auga - augs
ms augam - augm - augsim
js augat - augt - augsit/augsiet
vir,ri/vilas aug - auga - augs
skt - es sku - sku - sku to begin, to start
tu sc (k-c)
mest - es mtu - metu - metiu (e-) to throw, to cast
st - es du - edu - diu -[re]
nest - es nsu - nesu - nesiu to carry
vest - es vdu - vedu - vedi5u to lead, to guide
4emt - es +mu - 4emu - nemu to tahe
cept - es cpu - cepu - cepu to roast, to fry, to bah,e
bgt - es bgu - bgu - bgu(tu bdz) to fl.ee,to run away
dzert - es dzeru - dzeru - dzeru (r-ry)
brt - es beru - bru - bru to pour, to strew
\<ert - es -
lreru $eru - l,<eru to catch, to strike
celt - es cefu - clu - ceu (l-!) to lift, to raise
celties - es cefos- celos- celos to rise, to get up
- -
tu celies cIies celsies
vil/vila celas - cls- celsies
ms cefamies- clmies- celsimies
js cefaties- cties* celsities/celsieties
Lietojiet darbibas vardu pareizaj form!

Put the verb in the correct form.
Katru ritu es (celties) agri, bet Sorit (piecelties)
velk nek parasti. Cikos js parasti (celties)

? Cikos js (celties) nkamaj
svtdien?Manas lekcijasparasti (skties) 8.30,bet
s7
akar Lskties) tikai 10.30.Brokastis es vienmr
e-<t - mjs, bet vakar (st) - universittes
kafejruc. Es tur (pa4emt) glzi sulas, smalkmaizites
un uz papltes (tray) (aiznest) lidz galdam. Mjs es
parastinoritiem(cept)-omleti,kurai(uzbrt)-
si. Es (dzert) tju, kurai (piebert) - divas
tejkarotes cukura. Man garosalda teja.
Vakar es (st) desu,bet man pie kjm (sdt)
kakis. Es (nomest) gabalu desas ka\im, kas (nol,<ert)
to un (aizbgt) . Kal,<islaikam (probably)

(aiznest) desu saviem brniem, kas (dzivot)
pagrab. Ka\eniem (kittens) ir bail, un vi4i (bCgD

no cilvkiem.
Rit ms (celties) agri un kop (est)

brokastis,jo (braukt) viesos.Ms (lemt)
mugursomu (kit-bag)un (nest) to visi pckrtas (in turn),
jo t ir smaga(heauy).
apmierint to satisfy
suns dog
pirkt (es prhu) to buy
uzmanigi carefuly
kfdties to be mistaken, to be wrong
nepareizi wrong, incorrect
vlreiz once more
elpot to breathe
svaigs gaiss fresh air
planta planet
plauas lungs
starp citu by the way
q9,
24. NODARBIBA
MANSDRAUGSVAI MANADRAUDZENE
Paststiet par savu draugu vai draudzeni, izmantojot dus

jautjumus!
Tell about your friend answering the following questions.
K saucjsu draugu vai draudzeni?
Kas vin/vina ir? No kurienes virr/vila ir? Kas ir vi4a/vir,rasdzimtene?
Ko vi4/vi4a dara? Kur strd? Kur mcs?
Kur vil/vi4a dzivo?Vai bieZi ejat pie vi4a/vi4as viesos?
Kds/kdair jsu draugs/draudzene?
(Use;liels, mazs,rss,gar,videja auguma; kdi ir mati, kdas ir acis,
kda ir mute, kds ir deguns;vai vi4 ir jauks, simptisks, glits; vai
viq ir precjies,vai vi4a ir precejusies.)
Vai vi4 ir labs draugs?Vai vi4a ir laba draudzene?
(Vai js bieZi esat kop? Vai js bieZi vi4am/vi4ai zvant? Kds ir
vina/vinas telefona numurs?)
Vai jsu draugam/draudzeneiir fimene?
(Cik liela ir [-imene?Vai vi4am/viqai ir tvs, mte, msa,brlis, vec-
vecki,tvocis,tante, krusttvs, krustmte, citi radinieki? Vai vi4am/
vir,iai ir daudz draugu, draudze4u, pazi4u, radinieku, brlnu,
msrcu,kaimir,ru?)
Kas vi4am/vilai patik? Kas nepatik?
Kas garoun kas negaro?
Kds ir vi+a/vi4as vafasprieks/hobijs?
Ar kdu sporta veidu vi+/vi4a nodarbojas(nodarbotiesar sportu -
to go in for sport)?
Kdu mzikas instrumentu viq/vi4a sple?Kdu mziku klauss?
Kas jums ir kopigs (common) un kas at5lirigs (d,ifferent)?
Vai jums ir vienda (identical, the sameos) gaume?
Jautjumi. - Questions.
KAS? Kas vi4 Who is he (she)?What is he?
(vi4a, vir,ri,vi4as) ir? Who are they? What are they?
Kas tas (t, tie, ts) ir? What is that? What are these(those)?
Kas run? Who is spealzing?
Kas noticis? Whclthas happened?
Kas notiek? What is happening?What is going on?
fef K nav? What is missing?WhaLisn'Lhere?
99
K darbs tas ir? Whosewort is t?
K, ldzu? What,please?Sorcy? What
did you say?
K ktjas (k iet)? How are you getting on?
K js sauc? What is your name?
K js domjat? What do you thinlz? What do
you mean?
KAM? Kam tu zvani? Whom are you phoning
(calling)?
Kam ir bifete? Who has a tichet?
Kam pieder Si soma? Whosebag is it?
KO? Ko js vaties? What would you lihe?
Ko tu dari (js dart)? What are you doing?
AR, KO? Ar ko js nodarbojaties? What ir your profession?What
is your hobby?
Ar ko tu brauc uz darbu? How do you get to your work?
Ar ko kop tu brauc With whom do you go to
uz darbu? your work?
Ar ko js runjat? Who are you talhing to?
Ar ko vi4rsimo? What is his desease(illruess)?
PAR KO? Par ko js strdjat? What ir your specialityl
occupation?
Par ko tu dom? What are you thinlzing q,boutl
of?
Par ko js runjat? What are you speakingabout?
KLIR? Kur atrodas ...? Whereis ... ?
Kur js dzivojat? Wheredo you liue?
Kur js strdjat? Wheredo you worh?
KAD? Kad js esat dzimis? When wereyou bornT
Kad man jsk strdt? When must I start my work?
CIKOS? Cikos sksieskoncerts? At whqt time will the concert
begin?
CIK? Cik tas maks? How much doesit cost?
Cik ir pulkstenis? Whot time is it now?
Cik tlu tas ir? How far is it?
Cik ilgr? How long (is it)?
Cik bieZi? How often?
faPnCZ Kpcjs nokavjt? Why are you late?
KADEI/? Kdel vi4 nenk? Why doesn't he come?
KADA? Kda ir jsu mja? Whqt is your house?
KADS? Kds laiks bs rit? What will the weather be tike
tomorrow?
100
KURS? Kur ir pirmais? Who is the first?
KURA? Kura ir pirm? Who is the frst?
VAI ...? Vai drikst? May I take? Can I take?
Might I?
Vai js zint,ka ...? Do you h,now(thut) ...?
Vai tvs ir mjs? Is your father at home?
Vai vi4i ir ...? Are they ...?
Vai tev ir brlis? Haue you got a brother?Do
you haue a.brother?
Veidojiet jautjumus!
Make questions.
SodienAusma istab raksta vstuli J4a draugam.
Kos odienraksta vstuli Jqa draugam?Ausma'
Ko dara Ausma?Ausma raksta vstuli J4a draugam.
Kod Ausma raksta vstuli J4a draugam?Sodien.
Kur SodienAusma raksta vstuli J4a draugam?Istab.
KorruodienAusma istab raksta vstuli? J4a draugam.
Ka (kadam) draugam odienAusma istab raksta vestuli? J4a.
25. NODARBIBA
KO JS ESATIZDARIJIS/-USI?
VienkrPagtne.- SimPle Past.
Ko js darijt vakar?
Es du kku un dzru limondi, sastapos ar draugiem, spleju
klavieres un ciemojos pie veckiem, lasiju grmatu un mcijos
latvieu valodu, gju uz izstdi un atcerjos savu brnibu un
m !'inj u u zrakstit vstuli b ernibas drau gam.
Salikt tagadne. - Present Perfect'

to be (Present Simple) * Past Participle
Vir. dz. Siev dz.
(masc.) (fem.)
vreNS K. -ls -usl
E* l
t. .t r
(sg.) -ies -usies
I
l(tae.t daudzsk. -US -usas
(pt.) -usles -us
101
Es esmu (neesmu) d- lasij-
Tu esi ineesi) dzer- mail-
\n. r'iTa ir (nav) sastap- Caj-
\Is esam (neesam) sptj- atcerej-
Js esat (neesat) ciemoj- mginj-
Vilry'-as ir (nav) mazgaj-
! Note:
Tikties: es tikos; es esmu tikusies; vina ir tikusies; vi4 ir ticies
k-c
Augt: es augu; es esmu augusi; vi4a ir augusi; vi4 ir audzis
g-dz
Studente ir bijusi Tallin (has been).Vai tu ari esi bijis(_usi)Tallin?
Vir,riodienir satikuies(hauemet).
Ms neesamjs redzjuikopjanvra. (we haue not seenyou since
January.)
Vai js esat kdreiz redzjuies?(Haueyou euermet?)
Es esmu rakstijis, uzrakstijis; rakstijusi, uzrakstijusi (I haue writ-
ten).
Es neesmu raksttjis ... (I haue not writteil.
Vai tu esi rakstijis? (Haueyou written?)
students bija uzrakstijis (he had written) vingrinjumus, pirms vina
mte prnca mjs (cemehome).
Lidz ritam studentsbs uzrakstrjis(wiil hauewritten) vingrinjumus.
Kur js esat dzimis(-usi)?Kur js esat mcijies(-usies)? Kad js esat
beidzis(-usi) skolu? Ko js esat redzejis(-usi) Rig? Ar ko jus esat
saticies(satikusies)eit?vai js esat kdreiz bijis (-usi) sigutaa?vai
js esat eit uzzinjui kaut ko jaunu? Kds jums seit
ir"bijis inte-
resantkaispiedzivojums?Kur js esat Rig mcijuies?Kurls esat
Latvij bijui?
Veidojiet salikto laiku!

Use the perfect tense.
_Pernmani vecki bija Somij. Mana draudzeneaizbrauca uz poliju.
vi4a tur apprecjs.Gadu vi4 dzivoja Indij. Rakstnieksdaudz str-
dja, un rezultt rads (rasties - o appear) interesants darbs. Mes
lasrjm o darbu ar lielu interesi. Js biei klausijties o mziku.
Bet vai js noskatijtiesjauno filmu? Kad lekcijas beidzs,vi4i gja
uz mjm. Kad eksmeni beigsies,ms ari brauksim uz mjm. Es
102
KLT.S? KurS ir pirmais? tr'o is the first?
KLIRA? Kura ir pirm? Wo s the first?
VAf ...? \:ai dnkst? May I take? Can I td,lre?
Might I?
Vai js zinat,ka...? Do you hnow (that) ...?
Vai tvs ir mjs? Is your father at home?
Vai vi4i ir ...? Are they...?
Vai tev ir brlis? Haue you got a brother?Do
you haue a brother?
Veidojiet jautjumus!
Make questions.
SodienAusma istab ralzstavestuliJla draugam.
Kos odienraksta vestuli J4a draugam?Ausma.
Ko dara Ausma?Ausma raksta vstuli J4a draugam.
Kod Ausma raksta vstuli J4a draugam?Sodien.
Kur odienAusma raksta vestuli J4a draugam?Istab.
Kam odienAusma istab raksta vestuli? J4a draugam.
Ka (kadam) draugam odienAusma istab raksta vCstuli?JaIla.
25. NODARBIBA
KO JS ESATIZDARIJIS/.USI?
Vienkrpagtne.- Simpte past.
Ko js darjt vakar?
Es du kku un dzru limondi, sastapos ar draugiem, splju
klavieres un ciemojos pie veckiem, Iasiju grmatu un'merjos
latvie5u valodu, gju uz izstdi un atcerejos savu bernibu un
m$'inju uzrakstit vstuli brnibas draugam.
Salikt tagadne. - Present perect.

to be (Present Simple) * Past Participle
Vir. dz. Siew dz.
(masc.) (fem.)
vrensk. -ls -ust
t*l t
Iftas.ll
(ss.) -res
daudzsk. -usl
-usies
-usas
I
(pL) -ustes -USAS
I
I
101
I
Es esrnuineesmu) d- asi-
Tu esi rneesi) d,zr- mail-
\n5. r'i4a ir (nav) sastap- Cj-
\Is esam (neesam) splj- atcerej-
Js esat (neesat) ciemoj- mginj-
Viuri-as ir (nav) mazgj-
! Note:
Tikties: es tikos; es esmu tikusies; vi4a ir tikusies; viqs ir ticies
k-c
Augt: es augu; es esmu augusi; vi4a ir augusi; vi4 ir audzis
g-dz
Studente ir bijusi Tallin (has been).Vai tu ari esi bijis(-usi) Tallin?
Vi4i odienir satikuies(hauemet).
Ms neesamjs redzejuikopjanvra. (Wehaue not seenyou since
January.)
Vaijs esat kdreiz redzjuies?(Haueyou euermet?)
Es esmu rakstijis, uzrakstijis; rakst{usi, uzrakstrjusj (I haue writ_
ten).
Es neesmu rakstijis ... (I haue not written).
Vai tu esi rakstijis? (Haueyou written?)
Students bija uzrakstrjis (he had.written) vingrinjumus, pirms vina
mte prnaca mjs (camehome).
Lidz ritam studentsbs uzrakstrjis(witt hauewritten) vingrinjumus.
Kur js esatdzimis(-usi)?Kur js esat mcijies(-usies)? Kad js esat
beidzis(-usi) skolu? Ko js esat redzjis(-usi) Rig? Ar ko js esat
saticies(satikusies)eit?Vai js esat kdreiz bijis (_usi)Siguida?Val
js esat eit uzzinjui kaut ko jaunu? Kds jums eit ir
bijis inte-
resantkaispiedzivojums?Kur js esat Rig mcijuies?Kurlus esat
Latvij bijui?
Veidojiet salikto laiku!

Use the perfect tense.
_P-rnmani vecki bija somij. Mana draudzeneaizbrauca uz poliju.
vina tur apprecjs.Gadu vi dzivojaIndij. Rakstnieksdaudz str-
dja, un rezultt rads (rasties - to appear) interesants darbs. Mes
lasljm o darbu ar lielu interesi. Js biezi klausijties o mziku.
Bet vai js noskatijtiesjauno filmu? Kad lekcijas beidzs,vi4i gja
uz mjm. Kad eksmeni beigsies,mes ari brauksim uz majm. Es
r02
eit apmeklju daZdas lekcijas. Tu guvi (Cut - to get) labu pieredzi.
Es nemaz neatptos. Vai js redzejt o izstdi? Lekcija nesen sks.
Nodarbiba jau beidzs.
Paststiet, ko js esat izdarijis/-usi, paveicis/-kusi o latvieSu

valodas nodarbibu laik, k js esat strdjis/-usi un kdus
rezulttus guvisusi!
Tell what you have accomplished during your Latvian lessons,
how you have worked and what results you have achieved.
Lasiet un meginiet paststit!

Read and try to retell.
Sovasar Jnitis ciemojs pie vectti4a laukos.
- Saki nu, mazdIi4, k tev iet ar angfu valodu skol?
- Man ir pankumi, vecteti4. Es jau protu angliski pateikt "ldzu"
un "paldies".
- Lieliski, puika, lieliski. Tas ir vairk, nek tu mki (proti) latviski.
+
- Es jau sen sapqoju apmeklt tlas zemes.Interesanti, cik maks
cefojumspa Eiropu?
- Neko!
- Neko?
- Nu j! SapTotjau var bez maksas!
- Ko js vakar dzirdjt oper?

- Ai, daudz kol Smits ir tuvu bankrotam. Brauna kundze ir nokr-
sojusi matus, bet Vaiti $iras.
+
- Tomas, pasaki man, k sauc cilvku, kas run un turpina runt pat
tad, kad neviens vi4 neklauss?
- Skolotja kungs, tas ir skolotjs!
+
Pircjs ieiet zooveikalaputnu noda|,nostjaspie papagaifabra un
zobgaligisaka:
- Nu, putni4., varbt tu proti ari runt?
- Protams! - lepni atbild papagailis.- Un ko tu? Varbt proti ari lidot?
103
+
Ir prieksvtku diena. Skolotja stundas beigssaka:
- Novlu visiem priecigus svtkus un ceru, ka pc brivdienm js
atgriezisities skol daudz gudrki.
- Jums tpat, skolotj! - skolni atsaucas.
This summer little John'y visited his grandfather in the

country.
- Tell me noq grandson, how you are getting on with your
Engish
at school?
- I've some progress, granddad. I can aready say "please,'
and ,,thank
you" in English.
- Excelent,lad, excellent.That's more than you can say in Latvian.
+
- For a long time I've dreamedof visiting distant ands. It,s interest-
ing to know how much a tour around Erope costs?
- Nothing!
- Nothing?
- Ofcourse! You can dream without paying anythingl
+
- What did you hear at the opera last night?
- Oh, lots of things. Smith has almost gone bankrupt. Miss Brown
has dyed her hair, but the Whites have ivorced.
+
- Thomas, tell me what a person is called who talks, and
keeps on
talking, even when no one is listening!
- Sir - that's a teacher!
+
A shopperenters the bird department ofa pet shop,stopsnear
a par-
rot's cageand scoffingly says:
- Well little bird, maybe you can talk, too?
--of course! - the parrot repries proudry. - And what
about you?
Maybe you can fly, too?
+
It's the day before the holidays.At the end ofthe classesthe
teacher
says:
104
- I wish you happy holidays and hope that after the holidays you'll
return to schoolmuch wiser.
- The same to you, teacher! - the pupils answer.
sastapties (es sastopos) to meet

(sa)tikties (es satiekos) to meet
izstde exhibition
atcerties (es atceros) to remember
berniba childhood
me$int to try
piedzrvojums adventure
PIELIKUMS
Lietvrdu galotnes. - The endings of the nouns.
Viensk. 1. d. 2. d,. 3. d. 4. d.. 5. d. 6. d.

N. kas? -s -s -is -us -a -e .S
. k? -a -a -us -as -es -S
D. kam? -am -im -um -ei

A. ko? -u i -u -u I
L. kur? - i - -a -e
V- -q -s/ (-i) -u (-a) (-e, -S
Daudzsk. 1. d. 2. d. 3. d. 4. d. 5. d. 6. d.
N. kas? I I -as -es -ls
G. k? -u ,-*
-u -u -u -u*
D. kam? -tem -iem* -lem -4 I I J -m -im
A. ko? -us -u s + -us -as -es -is
L. kur? -os ^^*
-ti -os -s -s -is
V- I -as -es -is
* Lidzskaqu mija.
Palatalization.
! Atcerieties!
Keep in mind!
2. dekl.: a) akmens,asmens,mness,rudens,dens,zibens;
b) suns; c) ttis, viesis - without interchange
3. dekl.: alus, tirgus, Iietus, ledus, medus,vidus, apvidus (district,
locality), viltus (cunning)
4. dekl.: plrya(chatterbox),paziqa (acquientance),puika, lauva (lion)
5. dekl.: mute, aste, kaste, pase,rste, kase - without interchange
6. dekl.: a) asins, sirds, krts (breast),nss(nostril), cilts (tribe),
govs, zivs, nakts, pils, plits, krsns, uguns, smilts (scrnd),
klints (cliff, roclt) , telts (tent), k.rts (card; pole) , dtt.rvis(pl.) ,
faudis (masc.pl.)
b) acs, uzacs(eyebrolu),auss,balss, debess,pirts (bath-
house),valsts, zoss,ults (ga.ll,bile),vsts (news,message),
brokastis (pl.) - without interchange
106
Prievrdu lietojums ar lietvrdu dativ (daudzsk.).
The use o prepositions with the Dative (pl.).
1. aiz - behind Aiz logiem aug koki. Aiz mjm ir drzi.

Aiz mums ir siena.Aiz vi4iem sZmeitene.
2. virs - aboue Virs pauktiem ir glezna.Virs jums
ir debesis.
3. zem -under Zem galdiem ir soli. Zem majam
ir pagrabi.
4. pe - at Pie auditorijm pulcjasstudenti.
5. no - from Es nku no viesibm.
6. pc - after Pc eksmeniemvini atpts.
Pec lekcijm ms iesim mjs.
7.bez - without Bez grmatm dzivot ir garlaicigi (boring,
dull).
8. kop - since Mes dzivojam eitkop5 seniemlaikiem.
9. pirms - before Tas bija pirms eksmeniem.Pirms
lekcijm es devosuz biblioteku.
10. az - on Grmatasir uz galdiem.
lI. uz - to Ms ejam uz lekcijm.
12.ldz - till, by, to Es Seitbu lidz pieciem. Lidz mjm
bija divi kilometri.
13. ap - around Ap mjm r ogi (fence,hedge).
14. pr - aboue,dcross Pr upm ir tilti.
15. par - about Ms runjam par lekcijm, par rakstiem
avizs.
16. pret - o Tu esi nelaipns ne tikai pret mums,
bet ari pret citiem cilvekiem.
17. starp - between, Starp mjm ir liels aukums. Starp
omonS studentiem valda saticiba (harmony).
18. caur - through Puika izlida caur krmiem.
19. gar - along, past Vi4 gja gar skatlogiem (shop wndow).
20. pa - along Vai js gjt pa laukiem, pa ielm,
pa celiem,pa meZiem,pa pfavm?
27. ar - with Studenti raksta ar pildspalvm.
Meitenes atnca kop ar draugiem,
bet zeni - ar draudzenm.
107
inaibas
vtuffi
i;:akPes'
-ks vis...-kais
-ka vis...-k
Mana grmata ir liela, bet tava - daudz lielka. My boohis large, but
yours is much larger.
Pamatapakpe Parkpakpe
Positive degee Comparative degee
labs (good),labais labks (better),labakais(the better)
maza(small),mazais mazka (smaller),mazaka(thesmaller)
Tava istaba ir maza,bet mana ir vel mazka. Your room is small but
mine is smaller.
Brlis ir veckspar msu. The brother is older than the sister.
(pq.r + Akuz.)
Brlis ir vecksnek msa. (neka t Nom.)
Visprk pakpe
Superlative degree
vislabkais (the best)
vismazkas (the sn"rallest)
vis * labkais (the best) pats labkais (the uery best)
vislabka pati labk
Tas bija vissaldkaisbols.1/ wqs the sweetestapple.
T ir mana vislabk draudzene.T ir mana pati labk draudzene.
She is my bestfriend.
Apstkla vrdu salidzinmspakpes.

Comparison of adverbs.
-k, vis...-k
labi-labk-vislabk
Es mcoslabi, Ivars mcslabk par mani, bet Aina mcsvislabk.
Labk zile rok nek mednis kok. (Prouerb:A bird in the hend is
worth two in the bush. Lit.: A titmouse in the hqrld is better than a
grouse in the tree.)
Iegaumejiet! maz - mazk- vismazk

f
i Note! daudz - vairk - visvairk
108
Darbibasvrds.- The Verb.
1. koniugciia. 1.
- Coniugation
The uerbsof the first conjugationare diuided into fiue Sroups.
1. grupa.- Gro u p1 .
The stem uowel remains unchanged.
Infinitivs Tagadne Pagtne
arag| (to grow) es anrgu es augu
tu audz tu augi E-dz
bgl (to flee) es bgu es bgu
tu bdz tu begi
vip/vi4rabg vir,r/vi4abga
nkt ocome) es nku es ncu k-c
tu nc tu nci
sist (to beat) es situ es situ
tu sit tu siti
cept (to roast, to fry) es cpu es cepu
tu cep tu cepi
est (to eat) es Qdu es du
tu d tu di
mest (othrow, to cast) es m9lu es metu
tu met tu meti
2. grupa.- Group2.
Thestemuowel-i- is changedto -e-,-e-or -ie- in thepresenttense.
Infinitivs Tagadne Pagtne

cirst (ocut, to chop) es crtu es cirtu i-g
tu cert tu cirti
likt (tu put, to bid) es lieku es liku i-ie
tu liec tu liki
viTS/vi4aliek vi4/vir,ralika
vilkt (to pull, to drag) es vlku es vilku i-g
tu velc tu vilki
pirkt (to buy) es.prku es pirku
tu prc tu pirki
vi4/vir,raprk vi/viqa pirka
109
3. grupa. - Group 3.
rakr Qo digl es roku es raku a-o
tu roc tu raki
skriet(to run) es skrienu es skreju ie-ien
krist (to fall) es kntu es kritu i-i
tu kriti tu kriti
vi4/vir,raknt vi4/vi4akrita
just (to feel) esjtu es jutu u-
tu jti tu juti
vi4/vi4a jt vi4ivi4ajuta
prast (to hnow how)
tapt (to become)
glbt (to saue) es glbju es glbu
tu glb tu gbi
vi4/viqa glbj vit/vi4a glba
kost (to bite) es kou es kodu
tu kod tu kodi
vi4/vi4akoZ vi4/vi4akoda
lalrzt (to brealt) es lauu es auzu
tu lauz tu lauzi
vi4/vi4a lau vi4iviqa lauza
ciest (to suffer) es cieu es cietu
tu ciet tu cieti
vi4/via cie5 vi4/via cieta
telkt (to say) es teicu es teicu
braukt (to go, to driue) es braucu es braucu
beigt fto fnish) es beidzu es beidzu
tu beidz tu beidzi
krt (to collect, to saue) es krju es krju
tu krj tu krji
spt (to be able) es spju es speju
luzt (to breah) es lstu es lzu
tu lsti tu lzi
llt (to rain, to pour) llst (it rains) llja (it rained)
salt (to freeze) es salstu es salu
(I ant.freezing)
110
(Man salst.-
I qm cold. Salst.
- It is cold.)
k! (to become) es kfstu es kfuvu
mirt (to die) es mirstu es (no)miru
Veidojiet teikumus!
Make sentences.
kapt (to climb), slept (/o hide), kopt (to nurse), glbt (to saue),[rbt
(to dress), ciest (to suffer), grist (to puslz), kost (to bte), ssties (osj
down), spriest (to judge), sviest (to throw), braukt (to go), jatkt (to
mix),lkt (to jump), saukt (o cq.ll), teikt (to tell), veikt (to accotrl-
plish),beigt (to finish), kliegt (to shout),lrt (to beg), segt (to couer),
sniegt (to hand), plst (/o tear), bzt (to thrust), gzt (to ouerturn),
lauzt (to breah,),brt(to strew), dzert (to drinh),\ert (to catch), velt
(to roll), celt (to lift), sknt (tu shaue), 5t (osew), jt (to ride), kr t (to
heep,to saue), r at (to scold), spt (to be able), celties (to get up, to rise).

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ASJASVARINSKA

Letters Example Approximate

A a galds(table),galva (head) but, sun

I L I labs ('ood),lampa (lamp)

ai is pronouncedlike English fine;

Observe signoverand underthe letters!

stress is usuallyon the firstsyllable:grmata(book),es nelasu(l am not

Lasiet! Pievrsiet uzmanibu aurajai e, ska4ai (A) un platajai e,

Hotel Youuse u when addressinga personyou know well or a child,butps

KAS TAS (TA, TIE, TAS)tR?

Kas tas ir? (What is that?)

Kas tas ir? Tas ir logs.

Vai ... ... galds?N, tas ir logs.Bet kas tas

Kas t ir? Ta ir veca vrdnica. Vai ... ... ...

Kas t ir? Ta ir mja,

msa, laba draudzene,

In Latvianthere are two genders.Masculinenouns in the nominativecase,

! Note: ln Latvianthere is no differencebetweenwhat and who - kas is useq

Kas tie ir? Tie ir galdi,

Kas ts ir? Ts ir grmatas,

Kas tur (there) ir?

Thereis not a fixedwordorderin Latvian.

mes esam ms bijm mes bsim

Note! To be has the same orm or the 3d personsingularand the 3d person

The Presentinterrogativeand riegativeforms.

Nationalities: -iet-is (masc.);-iet-e (fem.)

gar5rgs - negarigs: tasty - nasty

smarigs smelling, aromatic

Lietvrdu galotnes lokativ.

1. dekl. 2. dekl. 3. dekl. 4. dekl. 5. dekl. 6. dekl.

Lietojiet lietvardu lokativ!

Lietojiet vrdus pareizaj form!

ir rentgens?Rentgensrr (poliklinika). Kur

ir avizes?Avizes ir (kiosks). Kur ir konfe-

rence?Konferenceir (institts). Kur ir pase?

Paseir (policija). Kur tu esi? Es esmu -

ir - (reistratra). Kur ir kafejnica?Kafejnica

lr (Sarlotesiela). Kur ms esam?Ms esam

fakultte, pirmais (loh.: pirmajo) kurss).

Kcrsvai hur? Jautjietl

Parveidoj iet sievieudzimt!

Vai tavs kolgis ir talantigs? - Vai ...

Jsu pacientsir optimists.- Jsu ...

Vi4 ir jautrs students.- ...

Kalnir,rakungs ir labs lektors. - ...

Mans brlis ir akls,vi4 nav slinks. - ...

Msu profesorsir jauns un neprecjies.

Slimnic ir jauns $irurgs. - ...

jautrs - bdigs: cheerful, merry - sad

KAS ES ESMU?KAS MAN IR?

T ir DZeina,bet tas ir Tarzns.

Ievietojiet darbibas vardu bt pareizaj form!

Kas? (what?): pirmdiena (Monday), otrdiena (Tuesday),trediena

Lietojiet pareizo galotni!

Uzrakstiet vardus ar pretju nozimi!

Gara - resna - slikta -

drgs - lts: expensive- cheap

The adjectiveis declinedto agreewiththe noun.lt takesthe samegender,

Veidojiet j autjumus vai atbildes!

- Labdien, Anna! - Hello, Anna!

f ruotetDidyou noticethatbothK tev(jums)iet?andKa tev(jums)ktjas?are

draudzlgs - dusmrgs: friendly - angry

1. konjugcija 2. konjugcija 3. konjugcija

Kur js dzivojat? Kur js dzivojt pagjuajgad?Kur dzivo jsu