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Anda boleh :
menyatakan apakah kadar tindak balas
mengenal pasti perubahan yang boleh diperhatikan ke atas bahan tindak balas atau hasil tindak balas
untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas
menentukan purata kadar tindak balas
menentukan kadar tindak balas pada masa tertentu daripada graf
menyelesaikan pengiraan yang melibatkan kadar tindak balas purata
menyelesaikan pengiraan yang melibatkan kadar tindak balas pada masa tertentu
Activity 2 : Fast (F) or Slow (S) reactions? Write F for the fast reaction and S for the slow reaction.
For each of the reactions below, write a chemical equation and state the observable change/changes
can be used as selected quantities to measure the rate of reaction :
Example 1 : The reaction between marble chip with hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide
gas and chloride salt.
Chemical Equation : .
Changes :
Example 2 : Reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution with sulphuric acid to produce
yellow precipitate of sulphur, water , sulphur dioxide and sodium sulphate solution.
Chemical equation : ..
Change :
(i) (product)
60 120 240 2
180 Time (s)
KIMIA TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 1 : Rate of Reaction
= cm3s-1
V2
Instantaneous rate of reaction / the rate of reaction at 120 sec
V1
3
KIMIA TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 1 : Rate of Reaction
120
30 160 Time (s)
4B
1. In the experiment to determine the rate of reaction between marble chips and hydrochloric acid, the
volume of oxygen gas collected at intervals of 0.5 minutes is recorded in the table below :
Time (min) 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
Volume of 0.00 27.00 46.00 59.00 70.00 79.00 86.00 92.00 95.00 95.00 95.00
oxygen gas(cm3)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
Time (min)
4
KIMIA TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 1 : Rate of Reaction
5
KIMIA TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 1 : Rate of Reaction
Activity 5
1. The following figure shows the graph of carbon dioxide, CO2 gas produced when an excess
of calcium carbonate, CaCO3 reacts with 40 cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 hydrochloric acid, HCl.
(b) Based on the results in (a), how does the rate of reaction change with time.
..
(c) Explain your answer in part (b) with respect to the concentration of hydrochloric acid.
..
2. The following table shows the volume of a gas collected from an experiment.
6
KIMIA TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 1 : Rate of Reaction
Time (min) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Mass of reaction mixture (g) 2.90 1.90 1.25 0.75 0.40 0.10
Learning Outcomes
You should be able to :
design experiments to investigate factors affecting the rate of reaction.
give examples of reactions that are affected by size of reactant, concentration, temperature and catalyst.
explain how each factor affects the rate of reaction.
describe how factors affecting the rate of reaction are applied in daily life and in industrial processes.
solve problems involving factors affecting the rate of reaction.
apply knowledge on factors affecting the rate of reaction in everyday activities.
7
KIMIA TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 1 : Rate of Reaction
(a) . (b) ..
(c) . (d) ..
(e) .
The following changes may speed up the rate of a chemical reaction between an acid and magnesium.
Put a tick in the box next to each one that will speed up the reaction (assume that there is initially an
excess of acid) and state the specific factors that affect the reaction.
(i) Effect of size of reactants
Statement of factors that affect the rate of reaction Specific factor
Aim
1. : ToHeating
investigate the effect of size of reactant in an experiment between marbles and
the acid.
hydrochloric acid on the rate of reaction.
2. Shaking the flask.
3. Using more-concentrated acid .
Equation : ..
4. Using powdered metal, not metal ribbon .
5. Using twice the volume of acid
6. Using a suitable catalyst .
7. Increasing the pressure ..
8. Using larger flask
8
The smaller the size of reactants, the . the total surface area,
Aim : To investigate the effect of concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution on the rate of reaction.
Equation : ..
Diagram of an experiment
(Refer the apparatus set-up for the experiment in page 7 Practical Book)
Expt 1
Time (s)
* The higher the concentration of the sodium thiosulphate solution, the the
time taken.
* 1/ t is
Aim : To investigate the effect of the presence of catalyst (Manganese (IV) oxide) on the rate of
decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.
Concentration (moldm-3) of
Equation : ..
sodium thiosulphate solution
Time (s)
Concentration (moldm-3) of
1/ time (s-1)
Aim : To investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction between sodium tiosulphate
solution and sulphuric acid.
Equation : .
Diagram of an experiment
Expt 2
Time (s)
1/ time is ..
The .. the temperature, the the rate of reaction.
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KIMIA TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 1 : Rate of Reaction
Temperature (oC)
Activity 9
1.
Time (s)
Temperature (oC)
1.
Activity 9
1
Food store in a refrigerator lasts longer than food stored in a kitchen cabinet. Explain why.
[4 marks]
[ Temperature in refrigerator is . The lower temperature caused the bacteria to
be less . A little is released by the bacteria. The rate of the food
turns bad is . ] //
[ Temperature in kitchen cabinet is . The higher temperature caused the bacteria to
be reactive. A
12 toxic is released by the bacteria. The rate of the
food turns bad is .]
KIMIA TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 1 : Rate of Reaction
2.
One kilogramme of meat, cut into big pieces, takes a longer time to cook compared to one
kilogramme of meat cut into small piece.
Explain the above statement based on the size of the particles. [2 marks]
Meat cut into small pieces, have .. size compare to the meat cut into big
pieces. The the size, the bigger the .
of the meat, hence the the rate of reaction.
3. State and briefly discuss two industrial processes that make use catalyst. [8 marks ]
C COLLISION THEORY
Learning Outcomes
You should be able to :
relate reaction with energy produced by movement and effective collision of particles.
describe activation energy.
sketch and describe energy profile diagram
relate the frequency of effective collisions with the rate of reaction
relate the frequency of effective collisions with factors influencing the rate of reaction
describe how a certain factor affects the collision of particles in a reaction
(i)
(ii) ..
(iii) .
13
KIMIA TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 1 : Rate of Reaction
(i) A chemical reaction occurs when the reactant particles .. each other.
In the energy profile diagram, the activation energy is the difference in the energy between the energy of
the . and the energy shown by the peak of the curve.
Activity 11
On the diagram shown below, identify (i) the activation energy, Ea and
(ii) the activation energy in the presence of catalyst, Ea
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KIMIA TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 1 : Rate of Reaction
15
KIMIA TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 1 : Rate of Reaction
Use the words below to fill in the blank boxes in the diagram
Bigger surface area more particles cold hot
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KIMIA TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 1 : Rate of Reaction
Activity 13
1. A group of pupils carried out three experiments to investigate the factors affecting the rate of a
reaction. Table below shows information about the reactants and the temperature used in each
experiment.
2.. A student carried out three experiments to investigate the effects of the factors influencing
the rate of reaction. Table below shows the results of the experiments.
Experiment I II III
Set-up of apparatus
Excess
Excess hydrochloric acid
hydrochloric + copper(II)
acid sulphate
0.2 g magnesium
ribbon
Temperature / oC 30 40 40
Time taken for all
the magnesium to 50 20 15
dissolve / s
Sketch the graphs for the volume of hydrogen gas against time for Experiments I, II and III
using the same axes.
17
KIMIA TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 1 : Rate of Reaction
Activity 14
1 The table below shows the volume of hydrogen gas released when 50.00 cm3 of sulphuric acid
solution reacts with 5.0 g of granulated zinc.
(a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and sulphuric acid.
...
[2 marks]
(b) Calculate the overall average rate of reaction of this experiment.
[1 mark]
(c) (i) Draw the graph of the volume of hydrogen gas released against time.
[4 marks]
(ii) From the graph , calculate the rate of reaction at the 80th seconds.
[2 marks]
(d) Instead of measuring the volume of hydrogen gas released, state another
method that can be used to calculate the rate of reaction in this experiment.
...
[ 1 mark]
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KIMIA TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 1 : Rate of Reaction
19
KIMIA TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 1 : Rate of Reaction
2.
Based on the table and graph above, compare the rate of reaction between :
(i) Experiment I and Experiment II
(ii) Experiment II and Experiment III
20