THEAPPLICATIONSOF

THE APPLICATIONS OF
SURFACEJETPUMPTECHNOLOGYTO
INCREASEOIL&GASPRODUCTION
D N j
Dr.NajamBeg,Caltec
B C lt
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 Contents
1. Jetpumpprincipleofoperation
2. Designandperformanceofjetpumps
g p j p p
3. Gasproductionapplicationswithfiledexamples
Productionboosting
LPbackout
Debottleneckingcompressors
Deliquification
De liquification wells
Flaregas
4. Oilproductionapplicationswithfieldexamples
5. Howtoidentifyjetpumpapplications
6. Someotherpoints
7. Closingremarks

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Jet Pump / Eductor/ Ejector

HPsource

HPwells
HPgasfromprocesssystem
C
Compressorrecycledgas
l d
HPoil/water(injectionwater)

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Jet Pump Flow Dynamics
Nozzle Mixing Diffuser
tube
Discharge
HP

LP
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

HP Flow
LP Flow
ocity

Combined Flow
Velosure
Press

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 1

4 P2
3 2
P1

5
Deck level

GAS
8
7 OIL
9

WATER

Oil and Gas Production Flow Path

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Jet Pump Applications
High Pressure
Jet Pump
(HP) Stream Discharge Stream Typical jet pump

Low Pressure
( )S
(LP) Stream

High Pressure
Jet Pump Jet pump for just pressure boosting
(HP) Stream Discharge Stream

Low Pressure
(LP) Stream

High Pressure
Jet Pump
(HP) Stream Discharge Stream Jet pump for just backpressure lowering

Low Pressure
(LP) Stream

High Pressure
Jet Pump
((HP)) Stream Discharge Stream
Jet pump for backpressure lowering
Low Pressure and pressure boosting
(LP) Stream

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Jet Pump Performance Curves

Pressure
Flowrate

Presssure
Pressure
e
Discharge
Pressure

Low Pressure Flowrate

Flowrate
((LP))
Flowrate
Pressure
e

Pressure

Flowrate
Flowrate
High Pressure
(HP)
Pressure

Flowrate

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 Key Factors For Performance
5
COMMERCIAL-IN-CONFIDENCE
Gas Jet Pump/Ejector Performance Curves
4.5 PR=2
PR=3
PR=5
PR=7
PR 7
HP/LP pressure ratio
4
PR=10 LP/HP flow ratio
ssure Ratio

PR=15
PR=20 Discharge/LP pressure ratio
3.5
HP to LP Pressure
Ratios Curves
arge to LP Pres

Other Factors;
Oth F t
3
Temperature, Z factor,
Molecular weight, Cp/Cv ratio
25
2.5
etc.
t
Discha

1.5

1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
LP to HP Mass Flow Ratio

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 Jet Pump HP Nozzles Performances

110

100 Nozzle # 1 Design conditions

HP Pressure = 84 barg
HP Flow
Fl rate
t = 35MMscfd
35MM fd & 53 bbl/d
HP Pressure (barg)

90

80

70

Nozzle # 2 Design conditions

60 HP Pressure = 62 barg
HP Flow rate = 33MMscfd & 45 bbl/d

50
20 25 30 35 40 45
HP Gas Flowrate (MMscfd)

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 Jet Pump Performance
Jet Pump Performance
LP pressures vs. LP intake flowrates at three HP pressures
12

11
Jet Pump Required Discharge Pressure = 11.5 barg
10

9
essure (barg)

8
Maximum flow through
jet pump before choking
7
Inlet LP pre

6 Operating curve 2

Operating curve 1
Jet Pump design point :
4 HP = 65.2 MMscf d @ 75bargg
LP = 25.5 MMscf d @ 4 barg
Discharge = 11.5 barg
3 Operating curve 3

2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Inlet LP flowrate (MMscfd)

HP=65.2 MMscfd @ 75barg HP=57 MMscfd @ 65barg HP=70 MMscfd @ 80barg

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Production Characteristics of Wells : PI-Effect

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Universal Jet Pump/Eductor/Ejector
Discharge Side High Pressure Side
(Removable Diffuser) (Removable HP Nozzle)

Low Pressure Side

Diffuser
Patented Universal Design Ejector / Jet Pump
Nozzle

Removable
Removable Mixing tube /
Nozzle Diffuser

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Example layout

EXAMPLE JET PUMP LAYOUT

(TOP / PLAN VIEW)
Jet pump orientation where LP comes from side

Gas Jet Pump

Discharge Line High Pressure (HP)

Discharge
Silencer Optional
Acoustic LP
jacket Silencer

EXAMPLE
PROJECT NORTH
Low Pressure (LP)

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GAS PRODUCTION APPLICATIONS
GASPRODUCTIONAPPLICATIONS

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Gas Production Applications
pp

Boost LP gas pressure to a higher value

Prevent flaring VLP gas
Eliminate intermediate compressors
p
De-bottleneck compressors
Lower pipeline pressure in manifolded system
Boost production from LP wells
Well de-liquification
Prevent LP wells backout
Prevent HP gas wells imposing back pressure on LP wells
Lower separator pressure to increase oil/gas production
Pipeline liquid build up reduction

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SNS, Inde, UKCS
Solution:
Used HP recycled gas to power jet
pump, to draw-in low pressure Shell
wells
ll

Benefits
Used 68 MMscfd of gas from LP Compressor
Shell wells into the exiting
g Davy Line
Export
Separator
facilities.
Jet Pump
Production increased by 25% Bessemer
Line

Increased intake capacity of Low Pressure Dp

compressor Gas Wells

De- bottlenecked exiting Kilo

compressor Subsea Line

Multi Awards winning solution www.caltec.com

SNS, Platform, UK
Solution

Using high pressure gas from the well to power the

jet pump enabled to draw-in the backed-out low
pressure wells
p

Benefits

Backpressure on the LP wells reduced by 5

bar giving extra 22 MMscfd of gas
(production increased by 110% ).

Better use of already available energy with

Processs/Pipelines
wnstream
minimum modification to the existing
piping.

To Dow
Increased the producing life and stability of
the LP wells.
Gas Eductor
Delivered the combined flow at the required on Platform
higher downstream pressure. High Pressure Wells

Low Pressure Wells

(initially backedout)

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 Chevron, USA (GOM)
Solution ; HP gas from the existing compressor
on recycle used to power the jet pump

Benefits
Lowered arrival pressure at the platform by 200
psi enabling loaded wells to produce consistently

Higher gas velocities

velocities, lowered liquids
accumulated in the pipeline, causing a further
140psi drop at the wellhead

Production increased by 24%

% due to wellhead
pressure reduction and lower pipeline loss. 200 psig 40MMSCFD Export
400 psig Sales

2.5 Bscf of otherwise lost reserves recovered. 1250 psig

i
process Ejector

Flow delivered at higher pressure to compressor

Recycle gas
suction increased compressor throughput.
7.4 MMSCFD GEMINI
850 psig Sub sea
manifold

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 Offshore, Indonesia
Solution

Used a jet pump and HP gas from a

satellite to reduce the operating
pressure of the Separator and increase
oil p
production from pplatform A

Benefits
JET GAS TO
Good use of available wasted energy Platform B
HP GAS
PUMP GATHERING
STATION

Lowered separator pressure by 105 7 miles LP GAS

psi. pipeline

Extra oil production of 400 bbl/d was Separator OIL TO PUMPING

achieved
hi d with
ith additional
dditi l associated
i t d SYSTEM
gas LP WELLS
Platform A

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Onshore,Holland

Solution
Wellcom gas system. The high pressure gas
well was used as motive flow to boost pressure
p
of gas from low pressure well.
Benefits
Closed LP well is back in p
production which is
now producing 140,000 Nm3/d using energy
from HP well.
Pressure boost of 130%
The total production is going directly to HP
compression section, thus allowing the LP
compressor to be switched off.
Additional saving on the fuel gas of the LP
compressor.

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Dual Jet Pump Application

At Gathering Site

High Pressure (HP)

cycle line
Gas Stream

At Well Site

Re-c
Gas Jet
Pump # 2
HP Gas Well

Gas Jet Discharge Discharge

P
Pump #1 Silencer XX Km LP Silencer Silencer Existing
compressor

Low Pressure (LP)

LP Silencer Gas Stream

LP Gas Well

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SNS, UK
Solution

To cover a wide operating range of RS field,

three jet pumps were used in parallel. Each jet
pump
p p could be switched on/off depending
p g
upon the demand. High pressure gas from the
existing compressor was used to power these
jet pumps

Benefits

The jet pump could be operated between 9 MMscfd to

107 MMscfd thus handling LP flow variations. High Pressure HP
Anti-Surge Flow
Jet Pump 1
Control Valve
Production increased up to 20% due to wellhead Discharge
pressure reduction on RS. Jet Pump 2
Silencer
Flow From RS
Low Pressure Wells
On average backpressure reduction of 7 to 8 bar with (LP) Jet Pump 3
RS Gas Scrubber and
additional incremental flowrate of 6 to 8 MMscfd. Sep & Slug
Compressor
Catcher

LP Silencer LP Flow By-

Increased intake capacity of compressors Pass Line
From Sep & Slug
Debottlenecking exiting compression facilities ECA1 Catcher

Deliver the combined flow at higher pressure at the From Sep & Slug
ECA2
compressor suction. Catcher

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Dutch Sector of North Sea

Solution
UJP
Installed a Universal Gas Jet Pump (UJP) in the
recycle
l liline off th
the existing
i ti C Compressor tto llower th
the RECYCLE
VALVE EXPOR
FWHP of the inlet wells whilst also boost FWHP T

pressure. COMPRESSOR

Benefits
Total gas production increased by 91MMscfd

JPs
JP changeable
h bl iinternals
t l allows
ll production
d ti tto b
be
maximised as wellhead pressures decline.

Replaced
p requirement
q for compressor
p re-wheeling,
g,
saving capital and accelerating the benefit

Requirement for 1st stage compressor was

eliminated saving the client 10m capital cost

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SNS, UK
Solution

Remove the 1st stage compressor by

utilising the available energy from
recycle gas from the HP compressor

Benefits

Save fuel gas by removing LP

compressor

Make use of available recycle gas

Export line
Saving
g a compressor
p for use elsewhere

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Offshore, Indonesia
2nd Stage
Solution: Gas Compressor To
Pipelines
Usingrecyclegasfrom
compressor to de bottleneck 1st
compressortodebottleneck1st
stagecompressor 1st Stage
Jet Pump 1
Gas
LP Gas Compressor Re-cycle Line
Wells
Jet Pump 2

Benefits
Gasfrom3rdstageusedtoboostpressureof
someofthegasfrom1ststagetothatof2nd stage
Systemgashandlingcapacityincreased
System gas handling capacity increased
Inletpressureof1st stagemaintained
Eliminatedrewheelingthecompressor

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Middle East : Compressor replacement
Solution ;

High pressure gas from the 1st stage

separator was used to power the jet
pump

Benefits ;

2 MMscfd at 1bara captured , and

delivered at the suction pressure of
2nd stage compressor
compressor. Existing Installed jet pump after
compressors compressor removal
Used energy that is available

1st stage compressor was removed Jet Pump

3rd 4th
from service. It simplified system 1st 2nd

operation & reduced maintenance 2nd Route

costs
costs. 4th 3rd 2nd 1st
Stage stag Stage Stage
e
Gas no longer burned to power this
compressor,

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WellRevivalonshore,Italy

Source of HP flow; HP gas well

Benefits;
Gain in gas production by
23 000 sm3/d (0
23,000 (0.812MMscfd)For
812MMscfd)For
almost two years

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On-Shore, Alaska, USA
Solution

Used HP gas from long-string to off-

load the well via surface jet pump
Benefits
Used available wasted energy to
off-load the well.

Total production from well jumped Gas Jet

HP Gas Pumpp
t 7 MM
to MMscfdfd ffrom 2
2.5
5 MM
MMscfd.
fd
Production increased by 180%. LP Wet gas

Liquid loading cycle was reduced,

reduced
hence more sustain production
gain. Additional gas was produced Dual Completion
Wellhead
from casing
casing.

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North Sea, UK
Solution

Installed a Jet Pump (JP) using HP gas as motive force

from Export compressor at 150barg.

Benefits

Flaring from this source eliminated 15mmscfd to zero

Recovered gas boosted and exported also used as fuel

gas.

Achieved both commercial and environmental objectives. HP Gas

Jet Pump

Export / Fuel Gas

1st
Stage
To flare
2nd / 3rd
Wells Stage

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Flare Gas Recovery with Liquid, Nigeria
Solution

Using high pressure spare oil pump as the motive source for
the jet pump to draw in the low pressure flare gas

B
Benefits
fit

Flare gas pressure is boosted by 4 bar.

Using 17
17,000
000 b/d of oil / water at 60 bar

No flaring High Pressure Liquid Jet Pump

Intermediate
Recovered 0.7 MMscfd of flare gas Flare LP Gas
Pressure

Use existing spare oil and water pumps. Low Pressure Wells
x stage
g
Separator
The total production delivered at the Oil To Process System
Or Pumping System
separator inlet pressure.

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Extra Production gain with Wellcom System and Gaslift
Hi h Pressure
High P (HP) source
[Gas or liquid}

Wellcom System

Wellhead
Gaslift injection
system To downstream process
Well production

S f
Surface

Production
via Tubing
Additional

Produced Oill Flowrate

production Wellcom system &
Gaslift injection

Well

Lift gas Gaslift injection

P

Gaslift Injection Flowrate

Pay zone Pay zone

Wellbore
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OffshoreMalaysia:
Prevent New HP Well Restricting Production From LP Wells + Well Revival
PreventNewHPWellRestrictingProductionFromLPWells+WellRevival

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WellRevivalUsingTestSeparator

Well Revival
Gas Jet Pump
HP Gas

Well Revival
Liquid Jet
Pump
HP Liquid

Gas
Test
Header

M
LP Wells

Test Separator
Liquid
M
Production
Header
REVIVAL APPLIES
S TO
O BOTH
O GAS
G S AND OIL
O WELLS
S

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OILPRODUCTIONAPPLICATIONS

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EFFECT OF LIQUIDS PRESENT IN LP GAS

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Actual Field Performance of Multiphase Jet Pump

GVF OF THE LP FLOW

N=(DP-LP)/ (HP-DP)

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WELLCOM SYSTEM

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On-Shore, Italy
Solution

Using high pressure oil well and oil pump as

the motive source for the Wellcom
multiphase system the backpressure on the
low pressures oil wells was reduced.
Benefits

A massive backpressure reduction on

the well of up to 11 bar was achieved.

Simple to operate with no rotating

parts
Net extra oil gain of 350 bbl/d with
additional 1.5 MMscfd of gas was
achieved.

The total production was delivered at

the export pipeline pressure of 55
barg
barg.

Multi Awards winning solution www.caltec.com

Off-Shore, Malaysia

Wellcom oil system ; multiphase HP wells

were used to bring in closed low pressure Jet Pump
p
oilil wells.
ll

Benefits I-SEP

Used available energy from HP well

20% pressure boost for LP wells.

Increased production by over 35% GAS

FROM HP WELL TO PROCESS

( 150 b/d ) JET PUMP
SYSTEM
I-SEP
LIQUID
Improved flow regime in well bore, COMMINGLER
stabilising production.

FROM LP WELL

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 Record of flowing bottomhole pressure before
and after installing the jet pump system
1200
1150
Flowing bottomhole Dp at wellhead=17.4 psi
1100
pressure (FBHP)
1050
1000
950
900
850

800
FBHP Dp =140
140 psi
750
700
6:0
6:5
7:5
8:5
9:4
0:4
1:4
2:3
3:3
4:3
5:3
6:2
7:2
8:2
9:1
0:1
1:1
2:0
3:0
0:2
1:1
2:1
3:1
4:0
5:0
6:0
7:0
7:5
06
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
07
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Multiphase Boosting: Malaysia
Solution Optional
Gas Jet Pump
By borrowing some of the available high pressure export gas as the HP Gas Commingler
Gas Compressor
motive source for the Wellcom multiphase system, the backpressure on
To Downstream
the low pressure oil wells was reduced and the discharge pressure
Process/ Manifold
increased. LP LP Gas
Separation
System

Benefits LP Liquid

A backpressure reduction,
reduction A boost in the pressure of 8 Liquid Booster Pump
barg was achieved. LP Wells

Simple to operate, using existing and available HP gas.

This was installed on two installations
installations.

Additional production was achieved by lowering the back

pressure on the wells ,but maintaining the discharge at
the required value. This also prolonged the life of the
wells considerably by allowing the wells to continue to
produce at the required delivery pressure.

Production increased by 24% and 34% respectively.

Net extra oil gain of 700 bbl/d with additional 2.5 MMscfd
of gas was achieved.

Low power consumption compared to alternative

solutions.
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Wellcom Boost System Using Two Jet Pumps

Optional
Gas Jet Pump
HP Gas Commingler
Gas Compressor

LP LP Gas
Separation
System To Pipelines
Pump
LP Liquid

LP Wells

HP Injection Water Liquid Jet Pump

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 Dual Wellcom Boosting System
TABLE 1: COMPARING THE PERFORMANCE OF SINGLE AND DUAL
WELLCOM SYSTEMS
Case High Pressure (HP) Low Pressure (LP) Discharge
Pressure

Liquid Gas GVF Liquid Gas GVF

Pressure flowrate flowrate (%) Pressure flowrate flowrate (%)
barg m3/h sm3/d barg m3/h sm3/d barg

A 70 100 423069 75 30 40 221662 90 34

B-1 70 0 423069 100 30 0 221662 100 40

B-2 70 100 0 0 30 40 0 0 45

Case A: Single WELLCOM system Case B-1 & B-2: Dual WELLCOM system gas
& liquid jet pumps

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What if There is No HP Source?
HP LP Discharge Liquid Pump

Flow Flow Discharge Inlet Outlet

Inlet rate Pressure rate Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Hydraulic Shaft Power
GVF [bbl/d] [barg] MMscfd [barg] [barg] [barg] [barg] P [bar] Power [kW] [kW]
70% 5000 155 0.66 10 40 10 155 145 133 222
50% 5000 120 0.29 10 40 10 120 110 101 169
30% 5000 105 0 13
0.13 10 40 10 105 95 87 146
10% 5000 96 0.033 10 40 10 96 86 79 132
70% 5000 40 0.66 10 13 10 40 30 28 46
50% 5000 40 0.29 10 15.5 10 40 30 28 46
30% 5000 40 0 13
0.13 10 17 3
17.3 10 40 30 28 46
10% 5000 40 0.033 10 18.8 10 40 30 28 46

I-SEP /
HI-SEP
LP Gas
+ Multiphase
Liquid

Jet Pump

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Production Boosting with Jet Pumps

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How to Identify Jet Pump Applications Locations
At the Wellhead From the
F th re-cycle
l line
li off
compressor
At the manifold
Downstream of compressor
p
At the transportation line
Between compressor stages
At pipes connections ( e.g.Tee)
Upstream of a pump
At the by-pass
yp line
Location is in most cases dictated
Upstream, inlet of a separator
by site conditions
Downstream, at the outlets of a
separator
t ((production/Test)
d ti /T t)
Upstream of compressor suction
line

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 Additional Examples of Jet Pump Applications
Jet Pump
Gas Compressor HP Gas

Gas to process
/ pipeline

1stt Stage
S High Pressure Gas Gas Jet Pump
Discharge Gas
Separator
To flare
2nd / 3rd
LP Wells Stage Low Pressure
Separator Gas

To pipeline/export
Re-cycle Line

Discharge Jet Pump

HP Gas High Pressure Gas
Gas
Gas Eductor
Silencer

LP Gas Intermediate
Low Pressure Wells Pressure Gas
LP Gas Gas Compressor
Silencer
X Stage
Separator

Separator Oil To Process

System
Or Pumping System
Liquid to
Wells downstream
Manifold process/liquid
pump

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How to Identify Jet Pump Application
HP Well HP Well

LP
LP
Wells
Wells

Lowering the whole mainfold pressure with HP well Assisting weaker LP wells with with HP well

HP Well
HP Well

4
3

LP LP
Wells Wells

Lowering the whole line pressure with compressor re-cycle Lowering LP manifold pressure with compressor re-cycle,
And by-passing the HP well

Note: Above illustrations are valid for gas and multiphase (oil) jet pump applications.
The intermediate separators/KOV/pumps/valves are ignored here.

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How to Identify Jet Pump Application.. cont
HP Well HP Well

LP LP
Wells Wells

6
De-bottlenecking
D b ttl ki St 1st
Stage compressor withith nextt
stage compressor re-cycle (taking part of the gas) Removing 1st Stage compressor with next
stage compressor re-cycle

HP Well HP Well

LP LP
Wells Wells

IIncreasing
i production
d ti on LP wells ll with
ith HP well,
ll llowering
i pipeline
i li pressure
with compressor while providing required compressor suction pressure De-bottlenecking compressor
Some LP+HP wells by-pass
Note: Above illustrations are valid for gas and multiphase (oil) jet pump applications.
The intermediate separators/KOV/pumps/valves are ignored here.

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 Some Other Points !

Instrumentations
Control
Noise
Vibrations
Low Temperatures
p
Erosion
Start-up/Shut
p Down
Safety
Erosion/Handlingg Sand (Material
( Selection))
Maintenance

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Typical Instrumentation for a Jet Pump

Vent
HP Gas P T P T
Jet Pump Discharge
Flow

Discharge Drain
Silencer

P T LP
Silencer

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Some Control approaches
pp

Gas A
Gas HP MP
HP MP
LP B
LP
C

Gas PT

Gas PT
Separator

Liquid

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In-line Silencers

In-line acoustic silencers

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Jet Pump Systems
Pressure rating ANSI 1500#

Jet Pump Silencers ~ 1.5 m Material LTCS NACE

~ 1.5 m
Skid Skid
~ 2.4 m HP 3, LP 4, Discharge
~ 2.4 m CTP sizes (Jp-6)
~4m ~ 3.5
35m 6
HP 6, LP 8, Discharge
CTP sizes (Jp-10) 10
HP 8, LP 12,
CTP sizes (Jp-16) Discharge 16
Vent Discharge Silencer
V t
Vent
Jet Pump

HP
Gas Drain Tie-in
CTP Point (CTP)

LP Gas
Drain
LP Silencer

Drip Pan

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CLOSING REMARKS
Simplicity and cost effectiveness make surface jet
pump solutions very attractive & economical in most
cases
An effective use of surplus and normally wasted
energy to assist the existing production
Minimum maintenance requirement.
Pipeline code design
Short payback period
Installing tie
tie-in
in points during shut downs simplifies
installation when needed
Rental option justifies very short operation life
Deferring Capex such as compressor upgrading

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