Achieve 7 Student Book &WorkbookSusan lannuzzi Zoltan Rezmuves Airton Pozo de Mattos Achieve Student Book OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESSOXFORD ‘Great Clarendon Steet Oxford 0X 60>, United Kingdom ‘Oxford University Pres isa department ofthe University of Oxford [Rfuthers the University's objeme of excellence in esearch, scholarship, and education by pblishing worlwide. Oxford isa epstered trade © Oxford University Pres 2084 ‘The mora rights ofthe author have Deen asserted Fist published in 2014 098765432 Nounauthorized photocopying Allright reserved. No part of his publication may be reproduced, stored Ina retrieval system, of wansnitied, in any form ory any means, without ‘the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Pres, oras expressly ‘pete by aw by licence or under erie agree ith the propriate ‘Toprographcs righ organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside thescope ofthe above shouldbe sent to he ELT Rights Departnent, Onor Unversity Pres atthe adress above ‘ou must act ciculte this workin anyother frm and you this same condition on any acquirer Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information ony- Oxford disclaims any responsibility forthe materials ‘contained in any thi pany website referenced inthis work rain 978019 4396422 Printedtin China This book is printed on paper fom certified and wellmanaged sources ‘The pubis woul Ike to thank the lawn for thee prion reduce iatgrap: Alay mages pp. (Upset teenagersicatelight Vial Services), 10 (ile of smart phonesRayArt Graphics) 18 (Hyacinth Macaw] {oe Blossom), 52 Hotel reception Macey Fay, 120(Annoyed woman ‘with phonejvavebreak Media Lid 124 Springhill Eo-ousing Alistair Heap) 29(Fattourapply pictures, 135 Sales clerk with customer/Blend Images Ardea 21 (Mouon Sheep\Duncan Usher Corbis pp.a(Walting at twain station Roy Bottre6|Man with surfboaraRonnie Katinan/Lary Hirshowitjend Inger 18 (tllow-headed parreteOxfordinden cures), 18 (Scarlet macawrans Lanting), 24 Man wearing cyberspace slasse/Ausloeser). 32 (Victorian advertisement for corsetsSwin In}, 52(1920slapper woman/. Armstrong Roberts|Classestock), 32 (Marilyn Monroefantet Bonlevardh 38 Rio de nein le PhoograpBy) 4 {oman in new aparement|Darren Kempe), 52 (Coffee and caee beans! the fod pasionates). 54 (Detergent stand at supermarkeettmann) 91 (feenage couple arguingRadus Images, 94 (an using lapeop/Bie Jean Images 100 (To girs loking a aligatoaurence Moaton|PAotaAl) 102 Flephant]Anup Shab) 104 (Came idelmagesop), 116 Maori man) ‘George Steinmet), 123 Futuristic smarephoneDeean}.124{¥omen working In commune ssteheneary Dit 132(Man i health ela Lisa) Juice Images Getty Images pp. Co-workers in iscussion/Thomas Barwick 10(TavisSmiey/Bthan Mile 14 (Business meet ngFisher/Matcher, 20{Lion chasing zbraMitsuakilvago), 24Wireframe building) Digital Vision).26 Lonely stadetimage Source, 34(Porrat of young man) hotaattoSigrid Olsson, 40 (Businessman with noble phone earpice| (Christopher RobbinsPhoteks) 42 (Storm over BrooklynjCavan Image) 48 Family cooking dinnerfyan ety 51 Student in college dormellow ‘Dog Productions) 2 (Cinnamon buns/Tim E White), 88 (Philippe Pzzo Di ergo and Abel ellou/Wieelmage) 98 (Businesswoman, 10 Woman looking at museum artefact scBralnjames McCormick, 112(Womnan’s ‘ce with dotted lines Robert Daly), 114 Model Robyn LwleyiCiny Or), 126 Family penComstock Images) Stockphot pp10 (Social meta eon setinightyslane. 38 newspaper/Sherwin McGehee, 94 (Busy office/Ches Schmidt: Masteeile .118 (Woman ssing sige language(oha Lee): Oxford University Pres pp Two dimensional shape abstractPhotodse,24(Circle ‘pattem abstract Modis), 46 (cece abutracePhotodic Rex Features ‘p23 (Dian FosseySIPA PRESS. 2 (wigyRoge-Viole), 36 Calabar woman [stn Sure), 100 (Zo keeper wlth baby ayeayelAarian Shera Science Photo Lbeay .24 (Treatment for postéraumatc stress dsorder/US Army Shutterstock pp28 (irl vsitng doctr)Monkey Busnes Images 96 (Basket of mufinguckaa, 106 (Woman chatting oaling/Andrer 108(Unbappy een imaleMonkey Busines Images) 118 Happy Indian studenysaurabhphoyan, 130,3praycanbaybery), 135 (BotlesRODbH:The Advertising Archives| '.130(Odo-Ro-No Deodorants advert, 195055 Ande Vieira p39 (BM ‘Smmater Cites command center Rio de Janet Coxe masety: Corbis calelator{lowinages, DNADIgial Art, comers) ‘Marnie Burka, Books/Mark Karras) ‘Mstraton iy: studio Albertoyos pp 19.57 Phil LitlerSylve Poppi Asis [Agency pa: Sean Longcro pp 1, #2, 9; Norbert Sipo/Bechive Msration patiN Wy Contents Toxic Friendships Ontine article about managing fiendships * Strategy: reading for gist and selecting a good title Ti Getting Along Business Offline Blog about conducting business without a cellphone * Strategy: understanding text ‘organization; understanding cartoons 21" Century Business Personal qualities Modals Language workshop ‘Idioms ‘Parts of speech Doing business Past tenses Language workshop '* Gerunds and infinitives EIT [CEM 90 at Tuts forbeauirt Birds Wild|Filde for, ‘Magazine article about exotic ia * Strategy: scanning Virtual Treatment for Real Problems Online artcleabour virtual realty theopy + Strategy: true or false ‘Mind Over Matter Wildlife in danger Perfect tenses Language workshop * Adjectives: ‘Mental strength Relative clauses Language workshop * Quantifiers Emre ins Magazine article about Eye of the changing female fashion trends Beholder * Strategy: factor opinion; Understanding reference ‘Smart Cities of the Future Newspaperarticle about Rio de Janeitos communication center * Strategy: matching Information to paragraphs Communication Age ‘Appearances The passive Language workshop +» Comparative and superlative adjectives Spreading information Future forms Language workshop Adverbs + Confusing adjectives and adverbs ‘Alone, but Not Lonely ‘News article and blog about solo living trend * Strategy: making inferences Tin ‘Modern Families GottaHavelt! yinecing * Strategy: summarizing Ieee Families Conditionals Language workshop wish ‘= Expressing conditionals without if ‘Meaningful marketing Language workshop «© Prefixes and suffives Reported speechWy )) Getting Along Stage @ Get ready! ‘1 Read the Reading strategy on page 5. Follow step 1. What do you think the article is about? 2 Follow steps 2 and 3. Check your answer to exercise 1. 3 Follow step 4. Choose the best title for the article. ‘A Managing friendships in trouble D Different types of postive friendships B How to choose best frien E Bein C How to avoid people © itmay seem lke a no-brainer, but friendship requires some flexibility. As the ld proverb goes, “One who looks fora friend without faults will find none!’ While weall know itcan be unrealistic toexpect our friends tobe faultless, sometimes even our best friends may exhibit behavior which we find hard to swallow. If this continues, the friendship can become toxic and the relationship is poisoned by bad feeling. Here are ways you can handle two kinds of toxic frends Promise breakers ‘© These friends may have started outa reliable, butnow problem. they keep on breaking their promises, only they disappoint you. They dont follow through on plans, agree to quickand inexpensive activities, You should aso which could leave yousittng ina restaurant or movie __reconfirm plans before you meet. In liver’ situation, he theateralone. Some promise breakers cancelat thelast should have texted his friend right before the game to ‘0 minute, but others just dont show up. Olver had afckle 20 confirm. Ihe sil didn't show up, Oliver could have told friend who failed to come toa basketball game they had__him how he felt about sitting there alone. Altemativey, booked months before.I had towatch the gamealone, these tactful approaches don't work, you could try being ‘and ost the money | had paid for the other ticket he said. sarcastic The next time the friend promises something, say“Yeah right... mnot sue believe you, but prove 25 me wrong. Keep your promise tis time” @ inthis stuation, you could ask your end why he or vs shes quent ate or absent, buttmight not the Fault finders © Most ofus appreciate honesty, butfaut _@ Friends lke these can damage your self-esteem, although they finders are often critical of others, and often claim that they are only being helpful. Fault finders may have Sometimes heir criticism hitsa nerve. They been treated this way by their parents and, therefore, they see no may betactless and citiize aspects of our problem with theirrude behavior, or they may even be unaware 20 appearance or personality. For example, #0 ot.Conside ling your friend how their criticism makes you Janelle’ friend Anna always finds a way feel, butif they make no effort to change, you may find yourself to tick the knife in Janelle says, “Once between a rock and a hard place, wth no choice but to break of ‘Ana told me my haircut was cute butthat the friendship ifyou can no longer stand thir negative presence. I shouldn't have cutitso short because it 25 made my face look bigger? om @ Most people hang onto toxic friends for Seer eee s too long and when they finally say something or end a friendship, they feel “Slr 4 Find these words in the text. Circle the they should have acted sooner. Every correct definitions, relationship has its ups and downs, but if a friendship feels toxic, you should bite the bullet and speak up. 1 prove (ine 24) show that somethin tyor 2 parents (line 38) relatives / and fat 3 tude (ine 39) —_disrespectful:impolite / simple Ce A aaHD 63%) Sat 16:05 Getting Along ‘( May © GO Rieck Reading for gist and selecting a good title 1 Look at headings, photos, and illustrations that accompany the text. They will help you predict what the text is about. 2. Read the first paragraph. It will usualy introduce the topic ofthe text. 3 Read the whole text quickly, without stopping at dificult words, This is called skimming’ It will help you understand the general idea (‘the gist’) of the text: You may also skim specific paragraphs or sections to get their main ideas, 4 A good title usually summarizes the text, or highlights the main poin Stage @ Read and understand 5 COED According to the article, which two statements are true? ‘A Promise breakers are the most difficult kinds of friends to manage B There are only two kinds of toxic fiends and both are described in the text Fault finders can make you feel bad about yourself D Fault finders usually dorit do what they say they will do, E Ending a friendship with a toxic friend is sometimes the best option, 6 Read the statements about dealing with toxic friends. According to the article, which statement is not true? ‘A You shouldn't make plans for activities that are expensh B You should tell our friends pa C You might consider being sarcastic with a toxic friend. D You should tell your friend that his or her behavior upsets you E You should avoid agreeing to activities that take a long time. nts that they are not treating you 7 The line"! shouldn't have cut it so short; (line 34) implies that .. A Anna told Janelle to cut her hair short B Anna told Janelle she must not cut her hair short, C Anna thought it was a bad idea for Janelle to have cut her hair short. D Anna thinks it would be a good idea for Janelle to cut her hair short E Anna prefers Janelle wit 8 Match definitions 1-5 with verbs or phrasal verbs in the article. 1. deal with a situation or person (paragraph Al 2 havea particular intention w something (paragraph B) 3 arrange to da something on a particular date in the future (paragraph 8) 4 continue (paragraph C 5 keep something, not give it away (paragraph F) len you begin 9 The author of the artis A itis pos Bia C a toxic friend's negative behavior is caused by their parent D it may be difficult to tell a friend that he or she is disa necessary to do so, E itisal le most likely believes that ... Je to change people's behavior, so itis not hard to fix toxic friendships. ful approaches to repairing friendships are the only ones which ays better to end a friendship if it becomes toxic because it is too difficult Jair a friendship.Vocabulary Personal qualities 1 Read the dating profile. What kind of gi friend is Giancarlo looking for? profile search photos 7 7 Giancarlo_104 im Giancarlo and tm 20 years old. ma gregarious person. have alot of fiends, and love socializing. Im also sincere, so you know that | mean what Isay! The only problem Is that sometimes fm not very tactful. Its not because Im unkind. I's just that | speak before | think sometimes. 'm looking for someone | can depend on, someone who is faithful and honest, but not critical! Life is too short to be negative all the time, 2 Complete the sentences with the bold adjectives from exercise 1. 1 Steven has always been there for me when I've had problems. Hes such a —_____ feng. 2 Janais very She is often surrounded by people at a party 3 Felipe would never lie. He isa very_____ person 4 Marta always says the right thing, even when she gives criticism. She's so 5 Sometimes Kyle can be If he doesn't ike something, he tells you! 3 Read the e-mail. Write the opposite of the underlined adjectives. Use the bold adjectives from exercise 1. ([mescce [onic In CTO So, had my first date with Sonia last night. It didn't go welll She seemed pretty (1) fickle first she told me she liked Chinese food, but once we were at the restaurant, suddenly she didn’t want anything on the menu! | said something (2) sarcastic, but she didn't get the joke. She seems pretty (3) reserved actually, unlike ‘me.I tried to be (4) complimentary and find something nice to say about the evening, but then she told me she preferred her last date to me, which I thought was pretty (5) tactless! wawna cam Word list Focus on phrasal verbs correarrenracy iN critical SP 4 Write the infinitive form of the red phrasal verbs in these faithful sentences. Match them with the definitions below. fickle gregarious reserved sarcastic sincere tactful 11 We waited for our friends for an hour, but they didrit show up, a 2 Ive never known him to follow through on a promise break of 3 Ifyou think her comments were unfair you need to speak up! follow through 4 \cortwantto bake end burhsacesconmentsupetme) SOMEGetting Along W Language workshop {Anidiom isan expression with a special meaning. The meaning of an idioms different from the individual words in the expression. There are no rules for idioms and phrasal verbs, so you need to memorize them one by one. Language reference page 67 5 Read the sentences. Match the underlined idioms 1-6 with their meanings A-F. 1 Dorit mention his hair because youl hit a nerve, He knows it doesn't look good. 2. Your friendship with Bruno has had its ups and downs, but | know he sincerely cares for you. 3 Emanuel really stuck the knife in when he told me that | wasrit a good friend. 4. Gloria is going to have to bite the bullet and start looking for @ new job. 5 He's between a rock and a hard place. He doesn't want to break up with his gtfvend, but her behavior makes him unhappy. 6 Sometimes her criticism is hard to swallow, but her comments are usually accurate A start to deal with an unpleasant or difficult situation which can't be avoided B dificult to accept the mixture of good and bad things in life or in a particular situation or relationship D be very unfriendly to sorneone and try to harm them E mention a subject that makes someone feel anary, upset, embarrassed, etc F ina situation where you have to choose between two things, both of which are unpleasant eran 11 Nouns describe things, or people, or animals. Some nouns are names of people, places, or things. 2. Verbs describe actions or situations. 3. Adjectives modify nouns, and describe their characteristics or qualities, 4 Adverbs have many different functions. Some adverbs modify verbs, others modify adjectives or adverbs. Language reference page 67 6 Match the part of speech with the question form. 1 What are they doing? A noun 2 How do they do it? B verb 3 What is it ike? © adjective 4 Whois it? D advert (of manner) 7 Read the sentences and choose the correct answers. 1 really your__. A value ~ friendly B valuable — friendship € value — friendship D valuable — friendly E valueless ~ friend Ree Correct the errors in these sentences. This unit 1 She's faithful friend, but sometimes she's very sarcasm, 2 He decided to stick the bullet and tell her how he feels, 3 sincere apologize for criticizing your ideas. Language review 4 We love to live in this neighborhood. 5 Alot our friends work part-time. 6 Luis thought the movie was bored. 2 He can be___ buthe’s usually __. A ctitic—tact B criticism ~ tact ctitic- tactful D criticism — tactful E critical - tactfulStage @ Get ready! 1 Read the chart. Look back at the text on page 4. Underline the modal verbs. What do they express? \We use modal verbs before an infinitive verb to add extra meaning toa sentence. Modal verbs can express 1 Ability with can for the present and could for the past. 4 Advice, obligation, or prohibition with 2 Permission with can (not), may (not), and could (not) + should /shouldn’t or ought to for advice. 3 Possibility and deduction with. + must or have to for obligation. + may /may (not) have, might / might (not) have, can / + don't haveto for NO obligation an (not) have, could / could (not) have for possibility + must not for prohibition, + canftand can't have for impossibility. 5 Regret or criticism of the past with should /shouldn't + must/ must not and must /must not have for have + past participle. certainty Language reference pages 66-67 Stage © Practice 2 Skim the text. Choose the appropriate title. A Reasons why we don't get along with our co-workers Things that make our office environments difficult B How to get along better with co-workers E Ways to make your co-workers better at their jobs C Kinds of co-workers that are dificult to get along with ‘Sometimes it's difficult to get along with co-workers. They might be tactless or even critical of our work. But there are things that you can do to improve your relationships with your co-workers. First, you __ be friendly towards everyone in the office by greeting people in the moming and asking them 5 how they are. If someone doesn't react in a friendly way, you __ take it personally. She or he __ had difficult morning. Another approach that will help is complimenting your co-workers’ work. You don’t have to give them a compliment every day, but if you know someone excelled on a demanding project, acknowledge it because he or she must have made a real effort. However, if other colleagues have said something ‘complimentary first, your comment ____ seem less sincere. Your co-worker ‘may think you are only copying what others said and that you should've said ‘something earlier! I you follow these suggestions, your relationships at work should improve. 15 Even if the suggestions don’t result in large improvements, they —__ hurt. They're worth a try! 3 Read the text. Choose the correct answer to complete the text. A should ~ must not have ~ may have ~ can ~ can't B shouldn't have - must have ~ may have - cant have ~ couldrit C shouldr't — don't have to — could have ~ could have ~ can't have D should ~ must not - may have ~ could - can't E should have ~ must not ~ may not have ~ couldn't ~ could have 4 What are the bold modal verbs in the text used to express? 1 dont have to (ine 8) 2 must have (line 9) 3 shouldve (line 12) A prohibition A deduction of impossibility A deduction of certainty B permission B lack of obligation B regret C deduction C prohibition’ deduction of possibility D possibilty D deduction of certainty D advice E lack of obligation E obligation E obligation 8 of.Getting Along ‘( gy © 5 Complete the sentences with suitable modal verbs using the clues in parentheses to help you. More than one correct answer may be possible for some items. 1 He: been happy with his present. He has wanted it for a long time. (deduction) 2 When | was four, | ‘swim at all (no ability) 3 “Mom, | please have some money?" (permission) No, you gave you money two days ago!” (permission) 4 They be studying in the library because | saw them walking that way an hour ago. (possibility) 5| told Maria that her hair did't look good. She has just had it cut (regret) 6 We leave yet. The train doesn't leave for an hour. (lack of obligation) 7 Stop! You ‘open that! I's a present for Steve. (prohibition) 6 Read the sentences. Make a guess or deduction about each situation. Add an explanation. (ur teacher is absent today. p rust be sick He wasnt feling well yste 1 Paul has been coughing all day. 2 Sandra looks tired, 3 Carlo doesn't have a cell phone, 4 Icon heara car alarm outside, Pee nce) Phrasal modals Phrasal modals are verb phrases beginning with be or have, They can be used for the same purposes as modals. beable to=can * have (got) to= must / should * be allowed / permitted to=can/may * be going to =will # be supposed to = should, ought to € We always use a phrasal modal instead of a modal verb: + after another modal =I might be able to ao to the basketball game next week + where an infinitive form is needed, =I hope to be allowed to come to yourparty + where an -ing form isneeded, —Ilove being able to drive, + inthe perfect form. — {haven't been allowed to dance since | broke my foot 7 Choose the correct answers to complete the sentences. 1 You____be critical of your friends. 2 We ___visit younext week, 3 We _ buy two tickets each. ‘A don't suppose to A aren't going to be able to A are permitted B aren't supposed to B notable to B permitted to C no supposed to C noateable to C are permitting to D don't ought to D have not been able to D are permitted to E not should E aren't being able to E permit to Correct the errors in these sentences, This unit Tense review 1 They weren't on the train. They rust missed it. 4 We lived in Brasilia since 2008. 2 We were supposing to meet at noon, 5 The weatherman said it rains tomorrow. 3 | may not lft this. ve tried, but i's toaheavy! 6 | using to ride a bike to work, but now | walk.o \ Stage @ Get ready! 1. Skim the blog. What do you think itis about? A How several people conduct business with their cell phones and social media B An American businessman, Tavis Smiley, and his reliance on his cell phone C The importance of social media in the business world D How business can be done without the use ofa cell phone E The growing number of people who don't want to use social media or cell phones 2 Find these words in the blog. What do you think they mean? 1 hosts () 2 exa 3 perated (aa undivide id) 4 updates (v) Politics or Business Offline ver 59 billion people worldwide use cell phones, @ When Smiley first gave up his phone, his employees were and about a billion of these are smartphones with ‘exasperated. They were predicting that this seemingly foolish faction would result in the company’s downfall That didnt happen, however. Smiley firmly believes that permanently tuming off his cell phone has actually increased employees’ : xn access to him, Conducting meetings and overseeing projects without interruptions means that his co-workers know that they can count on his undivided attention when they are with him. Although Smiley is now satisfied with the decision to give up his cell phone, it wasnt easy at first.For example, he +» once racked up more than $1,000 in hotel phone bills when he was traveling or a few days! internet access, While billions depend on their cell phones to arrange their socal ves, for many, cel phones are a convenient way to do business as well Many businesses already expect their employees to be contactable 24/7 via cell phone. It is increasingly easy to conduct meetings, or negotiate deals via Video chat, and to manage schedules with phone apps. Despite this, there are a small number of business people who prefer to do business the ‘old-fashioned way, without cell phones. © tvs smiley headofthe Smiley Group acompary © Despite not owning cel phone, smiley sil uss ates modern forms of communication, He has a Twitter account, ‘and updates his Facebook page regularly to promote his 20 show, share interesting links, and interact with his audience. Social media allows him to market his business and connect with the public, which helps keep his company profitable. with 75 employees, is one of these people. Smiley hostsa weekly television show and a national radio show in the United States, He used to own a cell phone, but he stopped using ita few years ago. ‘The turning point was when he realized he couldn't remember to attend meetings without first checking @ {tis unlikely that most of us will follow Tavis Smiley's ¢ 20 his phone. Smiley became upset. He ‘couldn't even ‘example and give up our phones. The ease: of immediate recall basic phone numbers that he used to know. 4s communication and access can be just too appealing, but After thinking over his options, Smiley decided itis certainly possible to do business that way, and to doit to prioritize improved personal interactions over successfully accessibility and got rid of his cell phone. oe 3 Find these words in the text. Circle the correct defi 1 convenient (line 5) easy or quick / advisable 2 realized (line 18) perceived or became aware of / carried out or 3 actually ine 29) at the moment /in fact mpletedRead and understand Read the first paragraph. It usually introduces the topic of the whole text Read the first sentence of each paragraph. It will usually help you understand the main idea of that paragraph, Read the final paragraph. It often summarizes the ide the writer's opinion in the text, or gives Read the Reading strategy. Follow step 1. According to the blog, which statement is not true? A About a billion people can use the intemet on their cell phones. B Some people are available every C Not everyone u ll phone to D Cell phones are only used to ma E Some people use their cell phe minute of every day by phone to do business. Induct busine: redules in the busines siness as well as thei world. cial lives. es fo Follow step 2. Match summaries 1-3 with paragraphs B-D. 1 Technology Tavis Smiley uses to support his business. 2. The events leadir 3 The results of Tavis Smiley giving u Up to Tavis Smiley giving up his cell phone, his cell phone, Follow step 3. What does “that way” in the final paragraph refer to? A Doing anything to B Doing busines: successful Doing business without a phone out technology Using a cell phone to do business Read the Reading strategy. Follow step 1. Which statements are true about the cartoon? 1 The action probat if 2 The woman is probably a student. 3 The man is probably the woman’ ly takes place on two Look at the pictures fist. Pay attention to the action, any shiftin time ent day: between the frames, Aland2, Bland3. 3only and the expressions on people's faces. Follow step 2, What does the boss Read the cartoon. Think understand by “dropped call"? about any idiomatic meanings the words may A The phone fell out of the window. heve.Use the oeture'te B The woman threw the phone away. help guess any idiomatic C The woman dropped the phone on t! meanings rar eon D The phone lost its signal E The woman stopped the call on purpose. Sorry. It was a dropped call "Vocabulary Doing business 1 Read the advertisement. Where would you be most likely to find this text? Nee De en uence cera cd three years’ experience. Applicants for this job should be able to. arrange and conduct meetings collaborate with partners on developing new products prioritize projects and oversee them from beginning to completion negotiate deals with clients and settle any disputes manage a team of ten people and evaluate their performance recruit and train new employees 2 Match the bold words in exercise 1 with definitions 1-10 below. control or be in charge of a business, a tear,an organization manage 1 plan or organize something in advance 2. putan end to an argument or a disagreement 3 form an opinion of something after thinking about it carefully 4 organize and/or do a particular activity 5. put things in order of importance so that you can deal with the most important first, 6 watch someone to rake sure that a job is done correctly 7 try to reach an agreement by formal discussion 8 teach a person the skills for a particular job or activity ‘9 work together in order to produce or achieve something 10 find new people to join a company 3. Complete the collocations with the bold words in exercise 1. More than one answer may be possible. eialuate outcomes or performance 1 arguments or 4 a meeting disagree 5 deal 2 tasks or jobs 6 new workers Word list Zax with co-workers ora team arrange collaborate err ce ads conduct \ evaluate 4 Write the infinitive form of the red phrasal verbs in these manage sentences. Match them with the definitions below. negotiate oversee prioritize recruit settle train 1 four company uses this aitine, we will rack up a lot of points for free tickets. counton 2 I need to think over your suggestions before | make a decision, ive up 3. She doesn't want to give up her office, but she doesn't have a choice. rack up think over 4 You cant count on others to finish your work. You need to do it yourself@ “ . 21* Century Business = Language workshop Gerunds and infinitives Gerunds Infinitives © We use gerunds: 1 Weeuseinitives: + as nouns, especially as subjects of clauses or sentences. ++ after most nouns and indefinite pronouns. ~ Managing your team well is important. ~ Did they give you permission to negotiate? + after prepositions. + after most adjectives. ~ | worry about not finding an answer. ~ Its difficult to compromise sometimes. + affersome verbs and phrasal verbs such as: advise, + after some verbs and phrasal verbs, such as:ask, hesitate, consider, enjoy, not mind, suggest. promise, refuse, want. ‘Verbs + gerund OR infinitive ‘© Some verbs canbe followed by a gerund orn infinitive with itl difference in meaning, for example: can't stand, continue, lov, prefer. ‘© Some verbs can be followed bya gerund or infinitive with a difference in meaning, for example: forget, remember, stop, try. Language reference pages 68-69 5 Circle the correct alternatives. 1 They asked to leave / leaving ely, 2 Have you considered conducting / to conduct the meeting by Skype? 3 Don't hesitate to call / calling if you have any problems, 4 You shouldn't worry about compromising / to compromise. 5 She refused waiting / to wait for them. 6 Negotiating / To negotiate can take a very long time. 6 Complete the dialogue with the correct form of the verb: answer may be possi parentheses. More than one Bruna I'mtired of (1)__ (work) inside. It’ ifficult (see) in this room There aren't any windows. Luiz Itsnoproblem if you want (3) (0) outside. Bruna Great, thanks. | love (4) (Sit) outside, so | will probably find it more productive (6)___iwork) there Luiz Ask Gloria (6)___ (give) you one of the laptops. I think i's possible (7) (use} WiFi at the tables inthe back. But, if you prefer (8)___ Git) in front of the building, it won't be easy (9), (connect) 7 Match the sentences with the correct responses. At | pam, they will stop to have lunch, BA They have @ meeting to go to at 1 pm. At | p.m, they will stop having lunch, A.B They will be hungry by then. 1 | forgot to meet him while | was there. A He obviously didn't make an impression. 2 | forgot meeting him last year! B That's OK You can meet him another time. 3 Have you tried to recruit through a website? A No, | hadn't thought of that. 4 Have you tried recruiting online? B Yes, but it didn't work Correct the errors in these sentences. This unit Previous unit 1 Thad to conduct with my colleagues 4 He loves being with people. He is very reserved. to prepare the budgets. 5 Itis important that you make this task a prioritize. 2 You can count up my team to do well 6 She found her boss's advice up to swallow. 3 We promised settling the dispute failStage @ Get ready! 1 Read the chart. Look back at the text on page 10. Underline the different past forms. Simple past ‘© We use the simple past to talk about finished actions or states of being in the past. — He tealized he couldn't remember to attend meetings without fist checking his phone. Past continuous # We use the past continuous to talkabout actions in progress at a spectictime inthe past, or temporary actions or situations in the past ‘We were watching the game last night. ‘© We can combine the simple past and the past continuous ina sentence to talk about an action in progress which was interrupted by a shorter action. We often use when or while in these sentences — He racked up $1,000 in phone bills when he was traveling usedto ‘© We use used toto talk about routines, habits, actions o states that existed in the past but no longer exist now. We cant use used to fr single finished actions the past. Language reference page 68 Stage @ Practice 2 Complete the sentences with the correct simple past or past continuous forms of the verbs. 1 (complete) an application online and (submit) it to the personnel director. 2 My intemet connection (not work) very well when (come) to the office this morning 3 "What you (do) at two o'clock” 1 (check) our sales figures? 4 We (meet) last year while we (collaborate) on a work project. 5 (See) you at the conference last week, but you —_______ {not see) me 6 We (negotiate) a new contract when our managing director suddenly (stop) the process, 3 Circle the correct alternatives. The firm that | work for (1) used to have / was having offices in three different Cities, My colleagues in marketing and | (2) worked / were working in Denver, and we (3) spent / used to spend a lot of time and money traveling to see our Colleagues in New York. One surnmer, several employees from the New York office 4) used to visit / were visting us fora series of meetings. The meetings (5) lasted / used to last for several weeks, While they (6) were working / worked with us, the company (7) was having to / had to pay a lot of money for hotels and cabs. After that, the bosses (8) used to decide / decided that it would be cheaper to relocate 10 one location, So last spring, the marketing department (9) was moving / moved to New York. We (10) used to travel / were traveling to visit colleagues in Brazil 100, but now we have meetings via video conference and Skype to save rmoney.ae 21* Century Business Me = 4 Rewrite four of the sentences using the correct form of used to of the underlined verb. You cannot rewrite two of them. | stopped at that coffee shop on my way to work every day, but | dont go there now. if a t! 1. He t00k a lot of time off until his boss told him not to. 2 Vera went to Chicago last Saturday for a meeting, 3 | negotiated contracts all the time when | worked as a lawyer. 4 Did you print the papers for the meeting? 5 I didnt like the company gym before, but | love it now. 6 She checked the sales figures every week, but that’s no longer her responsibility. Pee etc) used to and would © When we talk about repeated actions in the past, we can use would instead of used to in affirmative statements, but only used to can refer to past states and past regular habits. ~ We used to have an office in a large building, We would often only see ‘our colleagues in the elevator. 5 Read the Language extra, Rewrite three of the sentences from exercise 4 with would. You cannot rewrite three of them. 1d top at that cafe chop on my way fo work 1 — 2 —— 3 SY 6 Correct the errors in these sentences. One sentence is correct. 1. When | was younger, I would have piano lessons every Monday. 2 While | worked at the hospital, | met my husband, 3 Kyle used to recruit a lot of employees in his previous job, 4 washed my hairat 10 oclock last night so | didn't hear the phone. 5 Did he use to find what he was looking for yesterday? Correct the errors in these sentences. This unit Previous unit 1 I didnt used to manage a large team, 4 They should of arranged a later meeting, 2 While we were training the new employees, 5 Our manager doesn't look happy. ‘our boss was quitting, She must have good news for us. 3 | would enjoy setting disputes at work, 6 I dont be able to oversee the project, but I don't any longer. ‘next month.loam ots I= Articles Home Latest News About ‘many cultures, extroverts are often perceived as higher achievers than introverts. People who are ‘gregarious and outgoing are thought to do better both socially and at work. But, according to new 5 research, introverts, who may be more reserved and = prefer quiet and solitude, can be just as successful as extroverts. Research shows that although around a third ofthe population could be introverted, in most schools and '» offices, extroversion seems to be valued more. For instance, teachers may be ortical of students who don't participate, and job advertisements often seek applicants who are outgoing. ‘This apparent preference for extroversion can be ': hard to swallow for some introverts since new * “research has proven what many have always known: ‘that those who talk the most might not have the ‘most to say! Furthermore, the most extroverted person inthe class or office may not make the best leader. While some extroverts are tact and caring individuals, others may be too fickle to lead effectively because they may change their behavior or opinions to appeal to different people. ‘Many introverts eventually realize they need to speak Up at school and work in order to be noticed or do well, They learn how to appear more extroverted, though they may find tring. Of course, itis important that those in charge make the effort to recognize everyone's value and contributions, regardless of whether they are whispered or shouted. Read the first paragraph. What do you think the article is about? A A discussion of ways in which extroverts are more successful than introverts. B An explanation of why people should be mote understanding of extroverts C A discussion of how introverts can achieve as much as extroverts, D An explanation of many different personality types and the characteristics of each. E A discussion of why its better to be an introvert than an extrovert in most situations. (COIEB Read the article. Choose the best title. A Introverts and extroverts B Why Introverts should get more respect in a world of extroverts C Ways extroverts can help introverts become more outgoing D Making extroverted people more introverted E Extroverts shouldrit get al the attention What does the sentence, “those who talk the most might not have the most. to say!” (line 17) mean? A People who talk a lot probably are saying important things, B People who have a lot to say should talk the most. C Ifa person doesn't have something meaningful to say, he shouldn't talk D The most important things ate said by the people who talk the least E People who talk a lot may not be saying anything meaningful Find antonyms of the following words in the article. 1 reserved 3 faithful 2 complimentary 4 tactless