CHEMISTRY

INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT

BY : AKASH VASHIST
 Acknowledgement
I would like to express a deep sense of thanks and
gratitude to my chemistry teacher Mr. Yukesh Saini for
guiding me immensely through the course of my project
Their constructive advice and constant motivation have
been responsible for the successful completion of my
project. My sincere thanks to my parents for their
motivation and support I must thank my classmates for
their timely help and support for compilation of this
project.
Dyes are colored
substances which can
adhere to the surface of
materials and are used to
give color to paper, food-
stuffs, and various textiles
such as cotton, wool,
synthetic fibres, silk etc.
For example, alizarin,
indigo, congo red, etc.
Dyeing is the process of
adding color to textile
products like fibres, yarn
and fabrics. The
temperature and time
controlling are two key
factors in dyeing.
 Types of Dye
Natural dye:

Natural dyes are simply dye substances extracted

from natural sources, they have largely been
replaced by synthetic dyes, which are usually
more reliable, cheaper and can be supplied more
readily.

Synthetic dye:

Dyes derived from organic or inorganic compound

are known as synthetic dyes. Examples of this
class of dyes are Direct, Acid, Basic, Reactive,
Mordant, Metal complex, Vat, Sulphure , Disperse
dye etc. Synthetic dyes quickly replaced the
traditional natural dyes.
Name of Dyes Application

Acid dye Man made fiber ,Natural fiber

Direct Dye Man made fiber, Natural fiber
Vat Dye Man made fiber, Natural fiber
Disperse dye Nylon, Polyester, Acrylic,
Tri-acetate, Di-acetate
Basic dye Jute, Acrylic
Reactive dye Cotton, Wool, Silk, Viscose,
Nylon
Sulfur dye Cotton, Viscose
Mordant dye Cotton, Wool, Silk
Pigment Cotton, Man made fiber
Azoic dye Cotton, Viscose
Malachite is a popular stone
which has light and dark green
banded areas. Many beautiful
specimens of malachite contain
special combinations with other
minerals, such as azurite,
cuprite, or chrysocolla. Malachite
can be found in Zaire, USSR,
Germany, France, Chile,
Australia, Arizona and New
Mexico/USA.
 Aim
To dye Wool, Silk and
Cotton with Malachite
Green.
 Requirements
500ml beakers, tripod stand, wire
gauze, glass rod, spatula, wool
cloth, cotton cloth and silk cloth.
Sodium carbonate, tannic acid,
tartar emetic and malachite green
 Observations
1. The colour of the wool cloth dyed directly by dipping in hot solution
of malachite green dye is fast.

2. The colour of cotton cloth dyed directly (without using mordant) by

dipping in hot solution of malachite green is not fast to washing and is
of low intensity.

3. The colour of cotton cloth dyed by using mordant and then by

dipping in hot solution of malachite green is fast to washing and is of
high intensity.

4. The colour of the silk cloth is fast and is of high intensity

 Conclusions
1. Wool and silk absorb the dye
colour well.
2. Use of mordant helps in giving
fast colour to the cotton cloth