Council of Student Organizations

De La Salle University Manila

Rm. 402 Bro. Connon Hall, De La Salle University
2401Taft Avenue, Manila

CEHYDRO Quiz 2 Reviewer

Prepared by: Ma. Elizabeth Ann L. Uy

EVAPORATION RATE
1. Energy Method

= [ ]


= (2.5106 ) 2370( ) []

; [ 3 ]

:

Usual given and their units:

[2 ]
[]
[]

2 [ ]
2 []
= 101.3
0 []

2. Aerodynamic Method

= ( ) [ ]

.
= [ ]
[( )]

= . ( )-usually given
Steps in solving Ea:
17.27()
( )
= 611 237.3+ []

= ( ) [] =


= 0.622 ( ) []

= (1 + 0.608 ) []
=
Solve
Solve

3. Combined Method

= = ; + =1
+ +

= +
+ +

4098
= [ ]
(237.3 + )2

= [ ]
0.622

= 1005 [ ]


= 1.0

Evapotranspiration

For reference crop evapotranspiration, use combination method with = 0.0027 (1 + 100) in

Ea. []

UNSATURATED FLOW
Porosity,

=

Moisture content,

=


= ; = ; = ()

 INFILTRATION

1. Hortons Equation
Infiltration rate:

() = + ( ) [ ]

Cumulative infiltration:
( )(1 )
() = + []

where: k = decay constant [h-1]
Iteration:
()
=
()
[() ()]
(1 )

2. Green and Ampt

Infiltration rate

() = [ + 1]
()
Cumulative infiltration
()
() = ln (1 + ) +

= (1 )
Get , , ,
Solve = (1 )
F(t) [cm]
f(t) [cm/hr]
 PONDING TIME

+
= + ln ( ) + ( )
+

= no ponding

= []
( )

= ( + 1) [ ]

Given: ,
Get , , ,
Solve = (1 )


F (ponding equation; tip: use Fp as first guess)
f

PROBLEMS:
1. For the meteorological data for Cairo in July, determine the evaporation rate using Energy
Balance Method, Aerodynamic Method, and Combination Method.
Given:
RN = 185 W/m2
T (C) = 28.5C
RH = 0.55
U2 = 2.7 m/s
Z2 = 2m
P = 101.3 KPa
Z0 = 0.03 cm (open water)
Solution:
Energy Method:

=

a) Calculate lv

= 2.5106 2370( ) = 2.5106 2370(28.5) = 2.43106
b) Get from the given data using ratio and proportion

T () ( )

25 997
28.5 ?
30 996

28.5 25 997
=
30 25 996 997

= 996.3 3
c) Solve for Er
185
= = = 7.6108
(2.43106 )(996.3)
1000 86400
7.6108 ( )( ) = .
1 1

Aerodynamic Method:
= ( )

a) Calculate eas
17.27( ) 17.27(28.5)
= 611 exp [
] = 611 exp [ ] = 3892.65
237.3 + 237.3 + 28.5

b) Calculate ea
= ( ) = 0.55(3892.65) = 2141

c) Calculate qv
2141
= 0.622 ( ) = 0.622 ( ) = 0.013
101300
 d) Calculate Ra

= (1 + 0.608 ) = 287[1 + 0.608(0.013)] = 289.3

e) Calculate
101300
= ; =
= = 1.16 3
(289.3)(273.15 + 28.5)

f) Calculate
0.622 2 2
= where u is in m/s
[ln( 2 )]2
0

0.622 (0.4)2 (1.16)(2.7)

= = 3.981011
2
(101300)(996.3) [ln( ]2
0.03/100

g) Solve for Ea
= ( ) = (3.981011 )(3892.65 2141) = .

Combination Method:

= +
+ +
a) Solve for and
4098 4098(3892.65)
= = = 225.79
(237.3 + )2 (237.3 + 28.5)2

1005(101300)
= = = 67.36
0.622 0.622(2.43106 )

where: = 1005 and = 1

b) Solve for E
225.79 67.36
= (6.66) + (6.02)
225.79 + 67.36 225.79 + 67.36
= .
2. Suppose that the parameters for Hortons equation are fo=3.0 in/h, fc=0.53 in/h, and
k=4.182 h-1. Determine the infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration after 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5,
2.0h. Plot both as functions of time. Plot the infiltration rate as a function of cumulative
infiltration. Assume continuously ponded conditions.
() = + ( )
( )(1 )
() = +

Sample calculation (at t=0):

(0) = 0.53 + (3 0.53) 4.182(0) = 3/

(3 0.53)(1 4.182(0) )
(0) = 0.53(0) + =0
4.182
Infiltration
Time (hr)
f (in/hr) F (in)
0 3 0
0.5 0.84 0.78
1.0 0.57 1.11
1.5 0.53 1.38
2.0 0.53 1.65

Infiltration Rate vs Time

3.5

3
Infiltration rate, f (in/hr)

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
TIme (hr)
 Cumulative Infiltration vs Time
1.8

Cumulative Infiltration, F (in)

1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
TIme (hr)

f(t) vs F(t)
3.5

2.5
f(t), in/hr

1.5

0.5

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
F(t), in

3. For a sandy loam soil, calculate the infiltration rate (cm/h) and depth of infiltration (cm)
after one hour if the effective saturation is initially 40 percent, using the Green-Ampt
method. Assume continuously ponded conditions. Plot curves of F and f vs time for the
first three hours of infiltration using 0.5-h increments. Plot the infiltration rate as a
function of the cumulative infiltration.
For a sandy loam soil: = 11.01 , = 0.412, = 0.453 = 1.09 /
= (1 ) = (1 0.40)(0.412) = 0.2472

()
() = ln (1 + ) +


() = [ + 1]
()
Sample calculations (t=0.5):

()
(0.5) = (11.01)(0.2472) ln (1 + ) + (1.09)(0.5); (0.5) = 2.10
11.01(0.2472)

11.01(0.2472)
(0.5) = 1.09 [ + 1] = 2.51
2.10

Infiltration
Time (hr)
f (cm/hr) F (cm)
0.5 2.51 2.10
1.0 2.01 3.21
1.5 1.80 4.16
2.0 1.68 5.03
2.5 1.60 5.85
3.0 1.54 6.63

Infiltration Rate vs Time

2.6

2.4
Infiltration rate, f (cm/hr)

2.2

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Time (hr)
 Cumulative Infiltration vs Time
7

Cumulative Infiltration, F (cm)

6

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Time (hr)

f vs F
2.6
2.4
Infiltration rate, f(cm/h)

2.2
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
2 3 4 5 6 7
Cumulative Infiltration, F(cm)
 4. Compute the ponding time and the depth of water infiltrated at ponding for a silt loam soil
of 30 percent initial effective saturation, subject to rainfall intensities of (a) 1 cm/hr and (b)
5 cm/hr.
For a silt loam soil: = 16.68 , = 0.486, = 0.501, = 0.65 /
= (1 ) = (1 0.30)(0.486) = 0.34

=
( )
a) For i=1 cm/hr
0.65(16.68)(0.34)
= = .
1(1 0.65)
=

= (1 ) (10.5 ) = .

b) For i=5 cm/hr

0.65(16.68)(0.34)
= = .
5(5 0.65)
=

= (5 ) (0.17 ) = .

5. Continuation of number 4: Compute for cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate for
t=1hr. (i=5 cm/hr)
+
= + ln ( ) + ( )
+
5.67 +
= 0.85 + 5.67 ln ( ) + 0.65(1 0.17) = .
5.67 + 0.85

= ( + 1)

5.67
= 0.65 ( + 1) = . /
3.02

References: Chow, V., Maidment, D., & Mays, L. (1988). Applied hydrology. New York: McGraw-Hill.