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Outline of the research (summary)

1. What is(are) the research question(s) (or hypothesis)?

The research hypothesis is to verify that the correlation between the personality measure like Barratt
Impulsiveness Scale-1, I7 and the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire is high and the correlation
between behavioral measures like behavioral inhibition, a delay-of-reward measure, and a measure of risk
taking would be only modest or poor.

2. Describe the sample used in this study.

Sample used in this task comprises of the healthy volunteers who would be investigated to determine the
relation amongst self-report & behavioral measure of impulsivity. The participants were from the
university. Seventy participants took part in the single session to undertake all measures. Another 29
participants came from the study examining effects of diazepam on impulsive behavior. The participants
got invited through newspapers or posters or through verbal invitations.

3. Describe the reliability and validity of all the instruments used.

Instrument like Barratt Impulsiveness (BIS) is popular, very well validated and reliable personality
measure of impulsivity and comprises of 30 statements of impulsivity. Then another instrument I7 also
measure impulsivity reliably and in Eysencks theory of personality framework. Another instrument
Multidimensional personality questionnaire (MPQ) is very versatile and has 3 super and 8 primary
factors. As all three instruments have high correlation so one can say that all are quite reliable
instruments and very well validated.

4. What type of research is this? Explain.

It is am Empirical (quantitative) research as it begins with the statement or purpose, establishes


hypothesis, selects the sample number, conducts the study and provides the results. We have the
description of the methodology, idea behind the samples taken, tools descriptions and the analysis. The
results of the analysis is given and the discussion over the analysis. Also we have the inference and
conclusions drawn from the results. These all aspects are the representative of the Empirical
(quantitative) research.

5. How was the data analyzed?

The data or responses from the participants are collected in the tabular format. The instruments as are
described earlier are applied to the data. The responses from the participants relate to the impulsivity and
the correlation matrix for all of the measures of impulsivity is determined. From this matrix it is verified
whether the correlation between the personality measure like Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-1, I7 and the
Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire is high. For behavioral measures the principal component
analysis is carried. The results are determined based on this principal component analysis.
6. What is(are) the major finding(s)?

The major findings are that men & women score in same manner on various measures excepting
Empathy subscale of the I7 & Delay Discounting measures. We find that the mean Empathy
scores for female are more than males. This implies that females have more empathy than males.
This difference as computed in this case is significant. Furthermore, from the results it is found
that females discount more than males. This means that females perform more impulsively than
males. The difference was proven to be significant from the analysis. The above results come
from the fact that the principal component analysis, determined that participants behavior falls
into just 2 categories. First is impulsive disinhibition and the other one is Delay-Discounting
which is similar to the delay-of-reward dimension.

References

Ainslie, G. (1975). Specious reward: a behavioral theory of impulsiveness and self-control.


Psychological Bulletin, 82,463496.

American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
IV (DSM-IV) (4th ed.).

Reynolds, B., Richards, J. B., Dassinger, M., & de Wit, H. (2004a). Therapeutic doses of
diazepam do not alter impulsive behavior in humans. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior,
79, 1724.

Outline of the critique


Positives Negatives
Is there a statement of the problem? Is there a statement of the problem?
Correlation between personality measure like Difference in behavior between males and females
Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-1, I7 and the is not mentioned as research question or problem.
Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire is high Research problems like is there gender based
or not. Also correlation between behavioral differences on the behavioral measures like
measures like behavioral inhibition, a delay-of- impulsively is present or not. Is not mentioned.
reward measure, and a measure of risk taking is This we can find only from the findings but not in
modest or poor. the research problem.

Is the problem researchable, that is, can it be Is background information on the problem
investigated through the collection and analysis of presented? No
data? yes
Does the problem statement indicate the variables Is the educational significance of the problem
of interest and the specific relationship between discussed? No
those variables which are investigated? When
necessary, are variables directly or operationally
defined? Yes, but not complete variables are listed
Are most of the sources primary, i.e., are there Is the review comprehensive? No, as there is more
only a few or no secondary sources? yes scope of research
Does the review conclude with a brief summary of Are all references cited relevant to the problem
the literature and its implications for the problem under investigation? Yes
investigated? No
Do the implications discussed form an empirical or Have the references been critically analyzed and
theoretical rationale for the hypotheses which the results of various studies compared and
follow? yes contrasted, i.e., is the review more than a series of
abstracts or annotations? Yes certainly

Are the size and major characteristics of the Is the method of sample selection described one
population studied described? yes that is likely to result in a representative, unbiased
sample? No it is not described
If a sample was selected, is the method of Did the researcher avoid the use of volunteers?
selecting the sample clearly described? No does not avoids

Yes it is mentioned but partially


Does the sample size meet the suggested guideline Is the rationale given for the selection of the
for minimum sample size appropriate for the instruments (or measurements) used?
method of research represented? Yes the rationale of instruments selected is given
Yes it is appropriate

Is evidence presented that indicates that each Is each instrument described in terms of purpose
instrument is appropriate for the sample under and content?.
study? Yes it is described
Yes but partial evidence is available only

Is the design appropriate for answering the Is evidence presented that indicates that each
questions or testing the hypotheses of the study? instrument is appropriate for the sample under
Yes the design is appropriate study?
Yes but partial evidence is present
Are the procedures described in sufficient detail to Is instrument validity discussed and coefficients
permit them to be replicated by another given if appropriate?
researcher? No the procedures lack details Yes the validity is discussed
Are the control procedures described? Is reliability discussed in terms of type and size of
No reliability coefficients? No
Did the researcher discuss or account for any If an instrument was developed specifically for the
potentially confounding variables that he or she study, are the procedures involved in its
was unable to control for? development and validation described?
no Yes but not in detail

Was every hypothesis tested? Is the design appropriate for answering the
Yes questions or testing the hypotheses of the study?
Yes, but details are lacking and there is scope of
improvement
Are the tests of significance interpreted using the Are appropriate descriptive statistics presented?
appropriate degrees of freedom? yes
yes

Are the results clearly presented? Are generalizations consistent with the results?
yes yes

Is each result discussed in terms of the original Are the possible effects of uncontrolled variables
hypothesis to which it relates? on the results discussed?
yes No not discussed

Is each result discussed in terms of its agreement Are the suggestions for future action based on
or disagreement with previous results obtained by practical significance or on statistical significance
other researchers in other studies? only, i.e., has the author avoided confusing
In agreement with the previous results practical and statistical significance?
Yes these are based in the practical significance

Are theoretical and practical implications of the


findings discussed?
Not much discussion on practical implications

Are recommendations for future action (research)


made?
Yes they are made

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