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CROMATOGRAFA
Logro de sesin
El alumno determina parmetros caractersticos de una
columna cromatogrfica
PLATOS TERICOS
Donde
N es el nmero de platos de una columna con respecto a
determinado compuesto
tR es el tiempo de retencin
wb es el ancho del mximo medido en la base, en las mismas
unidades que tR.
tR =tR -tM
1) la altura de plato H
2) el nmero de platos o cantidad terica de platos, N. Los dos estn
relacionados por la ecuacin
Donde
Donde:
A= difusin por remolino
B/u=difusin longitudinal
Cu=resistencia a la transferencia de masa
Segn Underwood(1989) recomienda los siguientes valores tpicos
para columnas empacadas. 1
PROBLEMAS CROMATOGRAFA
Anlisis Qumico Instrumental
Calcule
a) El nmero de platos para cada pico.
b) La altura de plato de la columna.
Calcule
a) El nmero de platos promedio a partir de los datos.
b) La altura de plato promedio para la columna.
12.
K = C s / Cm
k' = K Vs/Vm
=> K = k' * Vm / Vst = k' * (L*Amob)/(L*Ast) = k' Amob / Ast
Ast = Atotal - Amob = D2/4 - Dmob2/4
= /4 [(530 x10-6 m)2 (523.8 x 10-6 m)2]
= 5.13 x10-9 m2
K = k' * Amob / Ast = 7.02 * 2.15 x10-7 m2/ 5.13 x10-9 m2 = 294.
and . N2 = 7504.
Since L=NH, the length required to generate this number of plates is :
L = 7504 x 0.34 = 2551 mm or 2.5 meters
e) Calculate the capacity factor for toluene:
masa
protena Ve
molecular
aldolasa 39.2 kDa 24.0
mL
seroalbmina 66.2 kDa 21.3
mL
fosforilasa b 97.0 kDa 18.0
mL
- 116.0 kDa 16.5
galactosidasa mL
miosina 212.0 kDa 14.0
mL
Construimos una tabla con los datos de los patrones y con ellos una
curva de calibrado (dada la gran dispersin de valores de masa
molecular, es habitual representar stos en una escala logartmica,
para conseguir agruparlos y adems normalmente as se ajustan
mejor a una recta).
STUDY QUESTIONS
1. What are the common factors which exist in all types of
chromatography?
2. What is the significance of to in gas chromatography?
3. A gas chromatographic peak from a 25 m long column has an
adjusted retention time of 11.2 minutes, and a width at half height
of 20 seconds. How many theoretical plates are present in the
column? What is the value of H?
4. In gas chromatography predict the effect on the efficiency of a
separation when the following changes are made:
a. Particle size of the packing is increased
b. Gas flow is increased
c. Thickness of liquid phase in a capillary column is increased
6. In an HPLC analysis, a reverse phase column is being used with
a solvent gradient, starting with solvent A and increasing
concentration of solvent B over time. The program starts with 50%
A and 50% B and runs linearly, reaching 100%B at 20 minutes.
Explain which of the two solvents is more polar.
7. What are some of the properties of a good chromatographic
detector.
8. What is the advantage in using a halogen specific detector such
as the ECD in environmental analyses?
9. Define the following terms:
Gas-Liquid chromatography.
Bonded phase
Anlisis Qumico Instrumental
Referencias bibliogrficas
Skoog. Principios de Anlisis Instrumental. Cengage Learning.
Sexta edicin. 2007.
CHRISTIAN, GARY. Qumica Analtica. Mc Graw Hill.
Washington. 2009.
Underwood, Qumica Analtica Cuantitativa. Prentivce Hall.
Quinta edicin. 1989.