THE BASIC FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM.

1. INPUT UNIT
This is the unit through which the computer system accepts data. To do
this, it needs the help of Input devices.

Examples of Input devices are: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone,

Joystick, Lightpen, Card readers etc
2. Processing Unit:
The task of performing operations like arithmetic and logical operations is
called processing.
Example : central processing unit (CPU).

The processing unit can be divided into three sections:

i Control Unit
ii Arithmetic and logical unit (ALU)
iii Memory Unit.
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) takes data and instructions from the
storage unit and makes all sorts of calculations based on the instructions
given and the type of data provided.
It is then sent back to the storage unit.
i) Control Unit
It coordinates all the various operations of the input and output units in
the system ( Central Processing Unit (CPU).

ii) The arithmetic and logical unit:

This unit performing all the various Arithmetic operation of addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division and relational operations Such as not
equal to () greater than (>) less than (< ) greater than or equal to () and
logical operation. Etc.
iii) Memory Unit
The memory unit of the computer system is used to store all data and
information entered into the Input Unit, processed inside the Processing Unit
and displyed by the Output unit.

The Storage Unit is divided into two categories. These are:

Primary Memory
Secondary Memory
The PRIMARY MEMORY is the memory or storage medium that the
computer needs to work with immediately it is switched on.

This is while it is also called IMMEDIATE MEMORY.

The two major examples are: (i) ROM (ii) RAM

2. THE SECONDARY STORAGE

The SECONDARY STORAGE of the computer system is also commonly called

the permanent storage or Auxilliary storage.
Any data or Information stored inside the Secondary storage remains there
permanently.

COMMON EXAMPLES OF SECONDARY STORAGE

1.Hard Disk
2.Floppy Disk
3.Compact Disk
4. Flash Drives
5. Tape drive
etc
Internal Memory

Internal memory refers to a set of CPU registers.

These serve as working memory, storing temporary results during the
computation process.
Since the cost of these registers is very high.
Cache Memory

Fast memory
The system performance can be improved by placing a
small, fast acting buffer memory between the processor and
the main memory.

This buffer memory is called as cache memory.

Cost of this memory is very high.
3. OUTPUT UNIT

The Output unit of the computer system is the unit through

which the computer displays the result of the processed data
called information. To do this, it makes use of Output devices.

Examples of Output devices are: The Monitor, also called

Visual Display Unit, Printer, Plotters etc.
Thank you