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IV Admixture
When one or more sterile products are added to an IV fluid for administration, the
resulting combination is known as IV Admixture.
IV FLUIDS
-Large volume injections intended to be administered by IV infusion
Components of IV fluids
These are sterile solution of simple chemicals such as:
1. Sugars
2. Amino acids
3. Electrolytes
These are easily carried and assimilated by circulatory system. Prepared with
water for injection, USP and the solution is pyrogen free
IV Therapy Equipment
1. Infusion set
IV Injection or IV push or IV bolus
small amount of solution drug from the syringe
IV Continuous Infusion
Large volume over several hours at a constant slow rate
Intermittent IV infusion
small amount over a short period of time at specific interval
IV Piggy Back
Uses y tubing
Additive Set infusion
With the use of infusion pumps
A device used to control the delivery of IV solutions at a selected rate
Used by ICU patients and pediatric patients
Heparin lock
Attach to IV catheter needle on one end that has a resealable rubber
diaphragm at the other end
After the drug is administered, the heparin lock is flushed with a small
volume of 0.9% sodium chloride injection or a diluted heparin
(anticoagulant) to prevent blood clotting.
3. Final Filters
IV admixtures sometimes contain very small particles that cannot be
seen by the naked eye and thus it will be very harmful to patients if they
become trapped and accumulate in the small capillaries of the lungs
Separate filter will be attached to be able to filter the solution before it
enters the body
1. pH - if the pH of an admixture is unsuitable for one of the drug, that drug either
degrades or precipitates.
2. Complexation - combination of tetracycline and calcium drugs
3. Light- exposure to light may destroy or reduce potency of drugs
4. Time- most drug degrade in a relatively short time when placed in an IV
solution
5. IV Solutions- some drugs require a specific diluents for dilution
6. Temperature - heat increase the rate of chemical reaction; once it is
reconstituted it is stable for 24 hours at room temperature and 96 hours under
refrigeration but some drugs like mannitol should not be freeze because it
causes precipitation
7. Buffer capacity-it is the ability to resist a change in pH when either an acidic or
alkaline substance is added to it.
8. Order of mixing-Drugs that are in concentrated solutions may react to form a
precipitate, whereas both drugs in diluted solutions may combined
satisfactory
9. Plastics-The drug may adhere to the plastic bag especially PVC (Polyvinyl
chloride)
10. Filters- An in line filter can cause 86% to 94% reduction in the delivered
concentration
of nitrogen