6 InstallingaPhysicalNetwork

Thursday,May4,2017 1:11PM

1. IntroductiontoStructuredCabling
StructuredCabling=organizedcables.

Threebigcomponentstostructuredcabling:
1. TelecommunicationsCloset/EquipmentRoom.
a. InsidethisroomisyourswitchesandothercentralizedstuffthatrunsoutviaHorizontal
Runstoyourworkareas.
2. HorizontalRuns.
3. WorkArea.

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19"equipmentrackthatfitsontabletops

Patchpanel:oneendofthehorizontalrun.Alltherunsfromtheofficecomeintothebackofthe
patchpanel.

Horizontalcablingusessolidcorecabling.Youdon'tmesswithit.Itterminatestoapatchpanel.
Thenyouuseapatchcable.

Patchcable:usesstrandedcore.It'smoreflexiblethanhorizontalruncables.

Thiswaywedon'tmesswiththehorizontalcablinginthewallsitself.

Individualworkareasalsouseapatchcable.

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 TheTIAStandardsarewhatyouneedtoknowforthetest.Theydefinethingslikehowmany
crimps,howmanywalloutletsperlinearfoot,etc.

Howdowewireeachindividualconnection?

2. Crimpingcables
You'vegot8individualwires,4pairs.

T568AandT568Bstandards

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Memorizethis!!!

Crimpingtool:

First,stripoffaboutaninchofinsulationfromtheoutercable.

Blueisalwaysgoingtobeinthe"middle"

Thedifferencebetween568Aand568Bissimplythegreenandorange.

Ifit's568A,greenisgoingtobeonthebottomandorangeandwhitewillbesplitaroundtheblue.

568A:

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Ifit's568B,orangeisgoingtobeonthebottom,andgreenisgoingtobesplitaroundtheblue.

568B:

568Bisalotmorepredominantinnetworksthan568A.

Startingfromthebottom:striped,solid,striped,solid,striped,solid,striped,solid.Blueisalwaysinthe
middle,brownisalwaysatthetop,andin568Bthestripedorangeisonthebottom.

WithRJ45crimptabfacingyou,the#1isonthebottom,andyoumakeanicelittlebroomshape

AccordingtoTIAstandards,thelasttwistshouldonlybe1/2"fromtheend(buthedid3/4").Holdit
togetherthencutitwithyourscissors.

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ThenslideitintotheRJ45crimp.

Thisisyourlastopportunitytomakesureyougotitright.Onceyoucrimpityoucan'tuncrimp!

Holdituptoalightsourceandmakesurealloftheindividualwiresaregoingupintotheendofthe
crimp.

Makesurealloftheindividualwiresareintheplacestheyaresupposedtobe.Makesureitis
orange/white,orange,etc

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Next,putitintoyourcrimpingtoolandcrushitdown.Youcan'tcrushittoofar.

Nowyouhaveoneendofthecabledone!

Decidewhatyouwanttodowiththeotherend.Doyouwantastraightthroughorcrossovercable?Pin
1and2areyourtransmits.Pin3and6areyourreceives.Whenyouputthemthroughexactlythesame
oneachside,thatmakesitastraightthrough.Whenyoureverse1and2with3and6youmakea
crossovercable.Makeoneside568Aandoneside568B.

Crossovercable:

Intherealworldyoudon'tusuallymakeyourowncables.Youusuallyjustbuythem.

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 3. PunchdownBlocks
110Punchdown:

Thisisonthebackofhispatchpanel.Thereare24connectorsonthefront.Eachoneisnumbered they
correspondtotheRJ45sonthefrontofthisguy.

110punchdowntool:letsyoupunchdowntheindividualconnections

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T568AandT568Bcolorcodesforpunchingthemdown:differentthanearlierepisodesbecausethe
patchpaneldoesthesplittingforus.

Thepunchdown:

Pushthemallintheappropriateareas:

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Thefinishedproduct:

RJ45connector

RJ45endthatisstickingoutofthefaceplate

ThisparticularoneshowsthetopsetofcolorsforAandthebottomsetforB

It'sgoingtolineupaboutlikethis

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Usethepunchdowntooltogetthetwoendsinfirst,thentherest

BeautifullycrimpedRJ45jack:

Putcoverson:

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Readytobesnappedintoawallplate!

Completehorizontalrun!PunchedinatthepunchdownblockandtheRJ45crimp/wallplate:

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 4. MDF,IDF,Dmarc,andtheEquipmentRoom
19"rackisthestandardforequipmentracks.

MainDistributionFrame:whereitallcomestogether.Righthere:

Ifyourcompanygrows,andthisstaystheMDF,theracksonotherfloorsbecomeIntermediate
DistributionFrames

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Topisthepatchpanel.Thehorizontalrunsgointoit(seeblueandwhitecablesbehindtherack)which
areterminatedintheback:

Belowthatistheprimaryswitch.Thisistheswitchthateveryoneisconnectedtoonhisnetwork.

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Belowtheswitchisarouter.ThereisonepieceofEthernetcablegoingintooneend.

Thesearethemainpiecesintherack.

Thestandardheightforcomponentsinarackisa"U"

1U=13/4"

Hisswitchisa1Uswitch(itisonly1Uhigh).
Hiscablemanagementclumpis2U.

Servers:

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Hehastwo1Userversontop.Thesearecurrentlyturnedoff.Theyareusedfortestingthings.

Thereare2serversbelowthese.
One1Userverandone5Userver.The5Uistheirfileserver.

HehasUPSesatthebottomforpower.

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Demarcseparatesthatwhichisthepropertyofthephone/cablecompanyandthatwhichisyours.

Cablesplitterdesignedtoserve4differentcustomers:

Becausethisisaleasedoffice,youcan'tendthedemarchere.Youneedademarcextensiontoeach
office.

Theextensiongoesintoyourtelecommunicationsofficeandconnectstoyourcablemodem:

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Youextendthedemarctoyournetwork.

5. TestingCable
Youwanttotestfor3things:
1. Wiremap
2. Continuity
3. Distance

Somecabletesterscanbebrokenintotwopiecessoyoucantesttheremotepieceandthemainpiece.

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Wiremap:

$50testerthatyoucanpickupatanyelectronicsstore(above)

$700tester(MicroscannerfromFlukecorporation)

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Wiremap=allofthecablesarepunchedintotherightplaceonthecables.Eachindividualwireis
punchedintotherightlocation.Itcomparespin1and2ononeendtopins1and2ontheother.It
shouldblinkgoingthrougheachofthepinsverymethodicallyblinking.

Continuity=it'sactuallyconnectedatall.i.e.if1and2don'tlightupatall.

Themoreadvanced$700scannerismoreclearaboutthis

Thereiscontinuitybetweentheconnectionsandtheyareintherightorder.

Thisoneshowsthattherearenoconnectionson1,2,3,6,7,8andpins7,8areincorrectlywiredto4,5on
theotherend.

Thethirdthingwewanttotestforisdistance.TodothisweuseaTimeDomainRelectometer(TDR).

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The$700MicroscannerhasabuiltinTDRtester.

Anindividualhorizontalruncanbenolongerthan90meters.Withthe100meterlimitforEthernet,this
allowsyou10metersforpatchcablesalone.

TDRtest:

FiberopticalsousesTDRtheycallitOTDR.Itworksexactlythesamewaybutthedistancesaremuch
longer.

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Thesearethetestswedoourselves.Otherpeoplecando$10,000testsforyou.

Thecableinstallerhastocertifyhisrunstoverifytheyarecapableofthespeedyoupaidfor.

Crosstalkmaycomeintoplay.Acableinstallershouldshowyouthatthereisnocrosstalk.

6. TroubleshootingStructuredCabling,part1
Classicstructuredcablingproblemsthathappenwithintheworkarea:

Lookinbottomrightcornerofscreen:

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GotoNetworkandSharingCenter

VerifythattheOSseesthereisaproblem

Verifylinklightsonboththeworkstationandtheswitch

GointoDeviceManageranddoublecheckthenetworkcard.Isthenetworkcardenabled?Doesithave
goodIPinformation?

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Doyouhaveabaddevicedriver?Thisisrare,butworthchecking.

Loopbackadapter=anRJ45thatconnectspin1to3andpin2to6.

Didyouusealoopbackadapter?Plugitinandrunastandardping.Ping127.0.0.1

Ifyougetareply(likethescreenshotabove),intheoryitistellingyouthatthenetworkcardisgood,the
littlepinconnectorsonthenetworkcardaregood.It'ssupposedtobeagoodthing.

Network+encouragesyoutousealoopbackpluganddoaping127.0.0.1(theloopbackaddress)

Therealityisthatmostnetworkcards,iftheyseealoopbackconnectionlikethisping,withintheirown

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circuitrywillloopitback.Soyoureallycan'ttrustit.KnowitfortheNetwork+butintherealworld,
loopbackplugsareancienthistory.

Theotherthingtowatchoutforwithproblemsintheworkareaisyourpatchcable.Theyarenotorious
forbreaking!!!

Thelastthingtoworryaboutistheactualplugthatgoesintothewall.

7. TroubleshootingStructuredCabling,part2
Thenumberoneplacetolookistheworkarea.However,fromtimetotimethereareproblemsinthe
equipmentroom.

Whathappensiftheswitchgoesdown?Everycomputerconnectedtoitisalsogoingtogodown.

Whenindividualpiecesofequipmentintheequipmentroomgodown,thefirstthingtosuspectisthe
electricity.Soagoodvoltmeter(multimeter?)totestthevoltagetomakesureyou'regettinggood
electricitytoyourequipmentroomisabsolutelyimportant.

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Oravoltagemonitor.Looksatvoltageoveranextendedperiodoftime.Thishelpsforproblemslikeat
5:30pmwhenalltheelevatorskickinatyourbuildingandthevoltagefluctuates.

AUPSwillusuallytakegoodcareofvoltagefluctuations.

Youcanalsogetenvironmental/temperaturemonitorstoputintoyourequipmentracktodetermineif
thereareproblems.

Problemswiththehorizontalrunitselfareveryuncommon,butstillpossible.UseaTDRfordiagnosing
this.PutaTDRontoyourpatchpanelatyourwalloutlet.IftheTDRsaysit'sonlyrunning18feetbutitis
really90feettoyourcomputeryouknowyouhaveabreak.Breaksareextremelyrare.

Theotherthingtolookoutforisinterference.Thepeoplewhoinstalledyourcable,madesureitworked
atthattime.HoweverifsomeoneinstallsanewACorsomething(i.eitonlyhappenswhenit'shot,it
onlyhappensat5pmwhenpeoplearedoingthings),itmightbeinterference.Runahighendcertifier
(paysomeonetocomeinandlookforinterference).Multimodefiberopticcablingissusceptibleto
ModalDistortion:

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Whenyouhavelighttravelingdownapieceoffiberopticcable lighttravelsatdifferentmodes and
whatwillhappenisovertimethelightbreaksdownintoafuzzybeamtowardtheend.Singlemodedoes
notsufferfrommodaldistortionbecauseitisalaser.

Mostofthetimetheproblemwillbeattheworkarea!

8. UsingaTonerandProbe
HeforgotwherethisRJ45connectiongoesintothepatchpanelinhisequipmentroom.Soheneedsto
useaFoxandHound:atonegenerator(Left)andtoneprobe(Right).

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YoucansnapanRJ11intoanRJ45justfine.

Plugitin,runbacktoyourpatchpanelwiththetoneprobeandfigureoutwheretheRJ11isconnected.

TheFlukedeviceisalsoatonegenerator

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Backatthepatchpanel.Heunpluggedtheswitchbecausethenetworkinterferencewillmakeithard
tohearthetoneprobe.Heholdsthebuttondownandputsitbyallthecables.Thisnarrowsitdowntoa
singlecable.

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Heputsitovertheoutletsanditmakesalittlemusicalnoisewhenitfindsit:

Toneprobeandtonegeneratorshelpyoufindcablesandconnections whichonegoeswhere!

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