Creating Efficient Code Using the Renewed ABAP

SAP NetWeaver 7.4

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Agenda

Expressions
Inline Declarations
Constructors
Internal Table Expressions

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Expressions
Expressions
Motivation

Declarative - What instead of How

Functional - less side effects

Modern catch up with trends

See:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declarative_programming

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming

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Expressions
Inline Declarations

Inline Declarations
... DATA(var) ...
... FIELD-SYMBOL(<fs>) ...

The new declaration operators DATA and FIELD-SYMBOL allow inline declarations of variables and field
symbols with declaration expressions in declaration positions.

Declaration positions are write positions where the operand type can be determined from the context
statically.

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Expressions
Inline Declarations DATA( )

LOOP AT itab INTO DATA(wa).

... oref->meth( IMPORTING p1 = DATA(a1)
ENDLOOP. IMPORTING p2 = DATA(a2)
... ).

READ TABLE itab INTO DATA(wa) ...

DATA(ref) = class=>factory( ... ).

FIND ... IN ... MATCH COUNT DATA(cnt).

CALL TRANSFORMATION ... RESULT XML DATA(xml).

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Expressions
Inline Declarations DATA( )

DATA ixml TYPE REF TO if_ixml.

DATA stream_factory TYPE REF TO if_ixml_stream_factory.
DATA document TYPE REF TO if_ixml_document.

ixml = cl_ixml=>create( ).
stream_factory = ixml->create_stream_factory( ).
document = ixml->create_document( ).

DATA(ixml) = cl_ixml=>create( ).
DATA(stream_factory) = ixml->create_stream_factory( ).
DATA(document) = ixml->create_document( ).

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Expressions
Inline Declarations FIELD-SYMBOL( )

ASSIGN ... TO FIELD-SYMBOL(<fs>).

LOOP AT itab ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<line>).

...
ENDLOOP.

READ TABLE itab ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<line>) ...

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Expressions
Inline Declarations FIELD-SYMBOL( )

FIELD-SYMBOLS <line> LIKE LINE OF itab.

LOOP AT itab ASSIGNING <line>.

...
ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT itab ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<line>).

...
ENDLOOP.

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Expressions
Constructor Expressions

Constructor Expressions
... NEW|VALUE|REF|EXACT|CONV|CAST|COND|SWITCH type( ... ) ...

The new constructor operators

NEW creates objects

VALUE creates values
REF gets references
EXACT performs lossless calculations or assignments
CONV converts values
CAST performs up or down casts
COND and SWITCH enable conditional expressions

allow to construct results of a specified type in general expression positions.

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Expressions
Constructor Expressions NEW( )

FIELD-SYMBOLS <fS> TYPE data.

DATA dref TYPE REF TO data.
DATA dref TYPE REF TO data.
CREATE DATA dref TYPE i.
dref = NEW i( 555 ).
ASSIGN dref->* TO <fs>.
<fs> = 555.

DATA(oref) = NEW class( ... ).

DATA oref TYPE REF TO class.
CREATE OBJECT oref EXPORTING ...
DATA oref TYPE REF TO class.
oref = NEW #( ... ).

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Expressions
Constructor Expressions VALUE( )

DATA(itab) = VALUE t_itab(

( col1 = 1 col2 = 2 )
( col1 = 3 col2 = 4 ) ).
DATA itab TYPE t_itab.
DATA wa LIKE LINE OF itab.
method( itab ).
wa-col1 = 1. wa-col2 = 2.
APPEND wa TO itab.
wa-col1 = 3. wa-col2 = 4.
APPEND wa TO itab.
method( itab ).
method( VALUE t_itab(
( col1 = 1 col2 = 2 )
( col1 = 3 col2 = 4 ) ) ).

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Expressions
Constructor Expressions REF( )
DATA dref TYPE REF TO string.
GET REFERENCE OF para INTO dref.

DATA(ptab) =
VALUE abap_parmbind_tab(
( name = name
kind = cl_abap_objectdescr=>exporting
value = dref ) ).

CALL METHOD (class)=>(meth) PARAMETER-TABLE ptab.

DATA(ptab) =
VALUE abap_parmbind_tab(
( name = name
kind = cl_abap_objectdescr=>exporting
value = REF #( para ) ) ).

CALL METHOD (class)=>(meth) PARAMETER-TABLE ptab.

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Expressions
Constructor Expressions EXACT( )

TYPES numtext TYPE n LENGTH 255.

DATA number TYPE numtext.
TRY.
MOVE EXACT '4 Apples + 3 Oranges' TO number.
CATCH cx_sy_conversion_error INTO DATA(exc).
...
ENDTRY.

TYPES numtext TYPE n LENGTH 255.

TRY.
DATA(number) = EXACT numtext( '4 Apples + 3 Oranges' ).
CATCH cx_sy_conversion_error INTO DATA(exc).
...
ENDTRY.

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Expressions
Constructor Expressions CONV( )

DATA text TYPE c LENGTH 255.

DATA text TYPE c LENGTH 255. DATA(xstr) = cl_abap_codepage=>convert_to(
DATA helper TYPE string. source = CONV #( text ) ).
helper = text.
DATA(xstr) = cl_abap_codepage=>convert_to(
source = helper ).

IF CONV decfloat34( 1 / 3 ) > 0.

IF 1 / 3 > 0. ...
... ENDIF.
ENDIF.

IF ' ' = CONV char1( ` ` ).

IF ' ' = ` `. ...
... ENDIF.
ENDIF.

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Expressions
Constructor Expressions CAST( )

DATA structdescr TYPE REF TO cl_abap_structdescr.

structdescr ?= cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_name( 'T100' ).
DATA(components) = structdescr->components.

DATA(components) =
CAST cl_abap_structdescr(
cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_name( 'T100' )
)->components.

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Expressions
Constructor Expressions COND( )

DATA time TYPE string.

IF sy-timlo < '120000'.
time = |{ sy-timlo TIME = ISO } AM|.
ELSEIF sy-timlo > '120000'.
time = |{ CONV t( sy-timlo - 12 * 3600 )
TIME = ISO } PM|.
ELSEIF sy-timlo = '120000'.
time = |High Noon|.
ELSE.
RAISE EXCEPTION TYPE cx_cant_be.
ENDIF.
DATA(time) =
COND string(
WHEN sy-timlo < '120000' THEN
|{ sy-timlo TIME = ISO } AM|
WHEN sy-timlo > '120000' THEN
|{ CONV t( sy-timlo - 12 * 3600 )
TIME = ISO } PM|
WHEN sy-timlo = '120000' THEN
|High Noon|
ELSE
THROW cx_cant_be( ) ).

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Expressions
Constructor Expressions SWITCH( )

DATA number TYPE string.

CASE sy-index.
WHEN 1.
number = 'one'.
WHEN 2.
number = 'two'.
WHEN 3.
number = 'three'.
WHEN OTHERS.
RAISE EXCEPTION TYPE cx_overflow.
ENDCASE. DATA(number) =
SWITCH string( sy-index
WHEN 1 THEN 'one'
WHEN 2 THEN 'two'
WHEN 3 THEN 'three'
ELSE THROW cx_overflow( ) ).

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Expressions
Table Expressions

Table Expressions
... itab[ ... ] ...

The new table expressions itab[ ] enable read access to internal tables at operand positions.

The operand positions can be read positions and also some write positions

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Expressions
Table Expressions table line

wa = itab[ idx ].
READ TABLE itab INDEX idx INTO wa.

READ TABLE itab INDEX idx wa = itab[ KEY key INDEX idx ].
USING KEY key INTO wa.

wa = itab[col1 = ... col2 = ... ].

READ TABLE flights WITH KEY
col1 = ... col2 = ... INTO wa.
wa = itab[ KEY key COMPONENTS
col1 = ... col2 = ... ].
READ TABLE flights WITH TABLE KEY key
COMPONENTS col1 = ... col2 = ...
INTO wa. wa = itab[ KEY key
col1 = ... col2 = ... ].

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Expressions
Table Expressions result

... itab[ ... ] ... READ TABLE ... ASSIGNING ...

Performance
considerations!
... VALUE type( itab[ ... ] ) ... READ TABLE ... INTO ...

... REF type( itab[ ... ] ) ... READ TABLE ... REFERENCE INTO ...

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Expressions
Table Expressions chaining

2 3 READ TABLE itab INTO DATA(wa1) INDEX 2.

READ TABLE wa1-col2 INTO DATA(wa2) INDEX 1.
4 5
1 READ TABLE wa2 INTO DATA(wa3) INDEX 2.
6 7
DATA(num) = wa3-col1.
8 9

11 12

13 14
10
15 16
DATA(num) = itab[ 2 ]-col2[ 1 ][ 2 ]-col1.
17 18

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Expressions
Internal Tables Built-in Functions

READ TABLE itab WITH ... TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS. DATA(idx) =

DATA(idx) = sy-tabix. line_index( itab[ ... ] ).

READ TABLE itab WITH ... TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS. IF line_exists( itab[ ... ] ).
IF sy-subrc = 0. ...
... ENDIF.
ENDIF.

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Expressions
ABAP is Extensively Expression Enabled

Skip Old Fashioned Style!

MOVE source TO target.

COMPUTE result = anything.

CALL METHOD meth EXPORTING ...

RECEIVING ...
LeftHandSide = RightHandSide.

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Expressions
ABAP is Extensively Expression Enabled Example I
DATA:
itab TYPE tt, DATA(itab) = VALUE tt( ( c1 = 7 c2 = 9 )
wa LIKE LINE OF itab. ( c1 = 3 c2 = 5 ) ).
FIELD-SYMBOLS:
<wa1> TYPE ts, itab[ 1 ]-c2 = itab[ c2 = 5 ]-c1.
<wa2> TYPE ts.

wa-c1 = 7.
wa-c2 = 9.
INSERT wa INTO TABLE itab.
wa-c1 = 3.
wa-c2 = 5.
INERT wa INTO TABLE itab.

READ TABLE itab INDEX 1 ASSIGNING <wa1>.

READ TABLE itab WITH KEY c2 = 5
ASSIGNING <wa2>.
<wa1>-c2 = <wa2>-c1.

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Expressions
ABAP is Extensively Expression Enabled Example II

DATA(factory) = NEW cl_factory( ).

factory->service( CONV #( id ) ).
CONSTANTS id TYPE i VALUE 17.

DATA:
factory TYPE REF TO cl_factory,
id_string TYPE string.

CREATE OBJECT factory.

Even
id_string = id.
factory->service( id_string ).
NEW cl_factory( )->service( CONV #( id ) ).

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Expressions
ABAP is Extensively Expression Enabled Pitfalls

Obfuscating Performance
itab1[ 1 ]-a = itab2[ 1 ]-x.
lcl=>cm_ii( itab1[ 1 ]-b = itab2[ 1 ]-y.
lcl=>factory2( itab1[ 1 ]-c = itab2[ 1 ]-z.
f_in1 = lcl=>factory0( )->im_ii( i )
f_in2 = lcl=>cm_ii( 2 ** i ) - 3 +
itab[ 2 ]-s-xtab[ x = 'abc' ]
)->m_ii(
lcl=>factory1( f_in = itab[ a = 2
b = 4711 / 2
]-x
)->m_lif_i( lcl=>cm_ii( 5 ) )->im_ii( 6 )
)
).

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