GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

Time Units of the Geologic Time Scale Development of

Eon Era Period Epoch Plants and Animals

Holocene
Quaternary 0.01
Earliest Homo sapiens
Pleistocene
1.6
Pliocene Earliest hominids
5.3
Phanerozoic

Miocene
Cenozoic

23.8
Tertiary Oligocene Age of Mammals
33.7
Eocene
55
Palaeocene Extinction of dinosaurs
65 and many other species
Cretaceous
Mesozoic

145 First flowering plants

Jurassic Age First birds
208 of Dinosaurs dominant
Triassic Reptiles
First mammals
248
Permian Extinction of trilobites and
286 many other marine animals
Carboniferous

Pennsylvanian Age
of First reptiles
320 Amphibians Large coal swamps
Mississippian Amphibians abundant
Palaeozoic

360
Devonian Age First amphibians
410 of First insect fossils
Silurian Fishes Fishes dominant
438
Ordovician Age First land plants
505 of First fishes
Cambrian Invertebrates Trilobites dominant
545 First organisms with shells
Soft-bodied
Vendian Abundant Ediacaran faunas
faunas
650 First multicelled organisms
Archean Proterozoic

Collectively called
Precambrian
2500 comprises
about 87% of the
geological time scale First one-celled organisms
Age of oldest rocks
3800
Hadean
4600 Ma Origin of the earth

Describe the Geological Time Scale with the development of life in the Earth.

Prepared by : Dr. Basanta Raj Adhikari

 Tribhuvan University Pulchowk Campus
Institute of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering

Plan View

Block 1

Plan View

Block 2

Prepared by: Dr. Basanta Raj Adhikari

 Tribhuvan University Pulchowk Campus
Institute of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering

N
N
55 55

Plan View

Block 3 AP

N 55
55

Plan View

Block 4 AP

Prepared by: Dr. Basanta Raj Adhikari

 Tribhuvan University Pulchowk Campus
Institute of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering

N
55
27

Plan View

Block 5 AP

N
27
55

Plan View

AP
Block 6

Prepared by: Dr. Basanta Raj Adhikari

 Tribhuvan University Pulchowk Campus
Institute of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering

Plan View

Block 9

Plan View

Block 10

Prepared by: Dr. Basanta Raj Adhikari

Tribhuvan University Pulchowk Campus
Institute of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering

N
27

Plan View

Block 7

N
27

Plan View

Block 8

Prepared by: Dr. Basanta Raj Adhikari