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Architect/Structural Engineer:
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For an architect born in the 19th century, Frank Lloyd Wright was
modern in ways that still seem surprising. Thats the big takeaway
from the new show at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, cel-
ebrating the architects birth in 1867, Frank Lloyd Wright at 150: Unpacking
the Archive (page 54). Drawing on the tens of thousands of documents,
drawings, and models in the archive that MoMA and Columbia
Universitys Avery Library acquired together five years ago, this exhibi-
tion focuses on the lesser-known Wrightas the architect of an
innovative, though never built, school for black children; a low-cost,
do-it-yourself system for building affordable houses; a futuristic urban
plan for dealing with automobile traffic at grade, while pedestrians
strolled on skywalks. And of course, there was his elegantly tapering
scheme for the Mile-High skyscraperan outlandish notion while he
was alive but on its way to reality today: Kingdom Tower, by Adrian
Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture, under construction in Jeddah, is
more than half a mile high, designed to a height of 1 kilometer, and its
form owes more than a nod to that earlier fantasy.
Wright was working overtime to be up-to-the-minuteappearing on
the new medium of television in his twilight years and repackaging his
legacy, according to Kathryn Smith in her book Wright On Exhibit: Frank layers of history (record, February 2012, page 50). Buildings, like tech-
Lloyd Wrights Architectural Exhibitions (page 59). With the advent of mod- nologies, evolve and come to express not only the time in which they
ernism in the U.S., he wanted to be perceived as ahead of the pack. He were constructed but also register evidence of later occupants and
even had early polychrome renderings, which had an old-fashioned look, changing uses. In this issue, we celebrate Americas birthday with a
redrawn as black-and-white perspectives for a 1930 exhibition to show diverse selection of new and adapted buildings across the country that
he had anticipated the radical forms of European modernism by de- meld past and present (page 77).
cades, says Smith. We also examine health-care facilitiesa building type that stretches
Engaging the moment is what serious contemporary architects try to back to the ancient world but one that in our time has often been af-
do. Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron, founders of one of the most flicted by architecture so coldly utilitarian as to be dehumanizing. In the
inventive firms working globally today, have teamed up with Chinese pages ahead, we explore hospitals, a clinic, and a hospice that thought-
dissident artist Ai Weiwei to create an exhibition in New York called fully employ rich materials, color, daylight, greenery, and surprising
Hansel & Gretel, a comment on the ubiquity of surveillance in our world forms to create places where people can rest, heal, or peacefully end
(page 51). However, the show may be more a whiz-bang exploitation of their days.
special effects, using digital facial-recognition technology, than a pen- The words of Ezra Pound to Make It New! became a cri de coeur for
etrating take on privacy and security. Modernists in the early 20th centurybut the poet meant to reinvent
Surveillance has been around forever, as the exhibition points out, traditional forms, not entirely discard them, something that the modern
going back at least to the ancient Egyptians. And while Herzog and de master Frank Lloyd Wright knew very well.
Meuron are responding to current political and technological phenom-
ena in Hansel & Gretel, they are also architects who are deeply entwined
P H O T O G R A P H Y: M I C H E L A R N AU D
with history and the passage of time. Nowhere is that more obvious than
in the venue for the show itself, the Park Avenue Armory, where they
Cathleen McGuigan, Editor in Chief
have been the architects for a multiphase, $210 million restoration. Their
approach has been to peel away some later modifications to the mam-
moth 1880 Gothic Revival brick pile but leave others intact to reflect
Childrens Hospital of Michigan, Troy, Michigan
Architect: Harley Ellis Devereaux (HED)
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Public space is now really the front line in trying to cope with violent extremism.
AIA president Thomas Vonier, discussing ways in which design can prevent vehicular terrorist attacks,
such as those in London, on NPRs Here & Now.
and guests from around the world to the Royal his foundation here.
Opera Theater of Madrid for a forum titled We came across
The Future is Now. The event featured speak this incredible
ers from different fields of design and building at a critical
policy making, such as philanthropist Michael point in our search,
Bloomberg, MITs Nicholas Negroponte, the he recalled, and
artist Olafur Eliasson, and Apple designer then we started to
Jonathan Ive. The forum also celebrated the realize all the advan
inauguration of the Norman Foster Foun tages Madrid offers. essential to taking on the challenges of the
dation, which the architect has installed in a The Foundation houses the Pritzker Prize future. For example, he cites bringing agricul
BeauxArts palace dating to 1912 in Madrids winning architects personal and professional ture into cities. Urban sewage, in terms of
embassy district. archives. But as the forum underscored, he has agriculture, is water and fertilizer, he said.
Foster is often in the city with his Spanish also conceived it as a research and educational The Foundation is bringing together private
born wife, Elena, and he explained to record institute to promote the kind of integrated, sponsors, universities, and other players for
that both personal and professional consider crossdisciplinary thinking that he sees as research projects such as the droneport (rec
P H O T O G R A P H Y: G U I L L E R M O R O D R G U E Z / N O R M A N F O S T E R F O U N DAT I O N
Museum for the 21st century, its rooms
stuffed with large-scale models of Foster
projectsone room for the skyscrapers, an-
other for airports, and so onas well as art by
Constantin Brancusi, Futurist Umberto
Boccioni, Ai Weiwei, Maya Lin, and Robert
Longo. The archive contains nearly 75,000
architectural records, including papers and
materials pertinent to Fosters work from the
50s to the present.
A Foster-designed glass pavilion in the
courtyard, shaded with a pergola by Spanish
artist Cristina Iglesias, gathers much of what
has inspired him, including models of all the
ord, July 2016, page 24), which Foster three students at the Bartlett School of Archi- planes he has piloted, a section of the Berlin
presented, together with Jonathan Ledgard, at tecture in London in coming years. With Rolex, wall, original examples of Buckminster
the Venice Bienniale last year. At the forum, it will launch a series of two-day think tanks Fullers tensegrity structures, models of
Ledgard explained how droneportsmade in Madrid for students and specialists in differ- trucks and trains, and a working original of
from handmade brickswill become the first ent disciplines, to have younger generations Le Corbusiers Voisin car. Its where the visitor
civic centers for many African towns. engage the issues of urbanism, planet change, can discover the spirit of the boy that made
The Foundation will give scholarships to and pollution, Foster explained. the man. n
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32 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD JULY 2017
perspective news
P H O T O G R A P H Y: T H E W H I T E H O U S E ( T O P ) ; M A R T I N A R GY R O G L O ( B O T T O M )
term. Still, many in the profession, including Paris Agreement will move forward, and we basis. For example, Atelier Ten, which consults
Vonier, argue that the announcement alone is hope the administration will see the benefits of on building systems and lighting and environ-
engagement over time. mental design, signed the We Are Still In
Collectively, the design letter and joined Architects Advocate, but also
community has been promot- conducts an annual carbon audit and pays for
ing sustainability for years, their offsets as a company. Texas design firm
with initiatives like the 2030 Lake | Flato recently implemented a program
Challenge and the AIA 2030 that allows employees to apply for paid time
Commitment (for carbon- grants to conduct research that advances
neutral buildings), as well as sustainable design, while structural engineering
longstanding certification company Thornton Tomasetti has established a
programs like LEED. Shortly Green Champion program, giving employees
after Trumps inauguration, leadership roles in helping their offices meet
the Chicago-based group sustainable operations standards.
Architects Advocate pub- As KieranTimberlake partner (and Obama
lished an open letter to the appointee to the National Institute of Building
President, signed by more Sciences) James Timberlake says, The more
than 120 firms in Illinois, on architects come together on these issues, as a
climate change and energy community and within our own firms, the
use. And just days after news more attention we can attract from our con-
of the Paris Agreement with- gressional representatives and, eventually, the
drawal, an online letter administration. n
SURE WERE GREEN
JUST NOT INSIDE OUR
HAND DRYERS.
P H O T O G R A P H Y: T H E P H O T O G R O U P 2 0 1 7
al urbanization. Williams brought a new per- Conference included (clockwise,
from above) Thom Mayne,
Kicking off the day, Genslers Andy Cohen spective to the event. With a Shohei Shigematsu, and
and FORMs Greg Lynn shone light on the background in architecture, the Amanda Williams.
possibilities for autonomous vehicles, propos- artist is known for her work
ing varying directions for the technology and Color(ed) Theory in which she
implications for buildings and cities. Diller painted soon-to-be-demolished
Scofidio + Renfros Elizabeth Diller talked houses on the citys South Side
about several of her firms projects, as well as landscapes that are, as she said, realm. Forget public space, he said. There is
some of their unintended consequences, such invisible in plain sight. Concluding the no collective culture. Notwithstanding, rec-
as the extreme gentrification that occurred conference, Thom Mayne questioned the fun- ord continues its Innovation Conference series
around New Yorks High Line. OMA New Yorks damental premise of the days conversation, and will hold its next event on the same theme
Shohei Shigematsu also presented projects critiquing the state of the American civic in New York on October 19. n
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perspectivenews noted 35
[ NEWSMAKER ] different lighting solutions within the same Tallest Mass-Timber Building in U.S.
space, and then the lighting around the indi- Receives Approval for Construction
Dr. Eve Edelstein vidual. Is the patient trying sleep or read? Is a
surgeon trying to do work, or is a caregiver
Framework, a 12-story-tall wood building by
LEVER Architecture, has been approved for
BY ANNA FIXSEN trying to draw blood? And that argues for adapt- construction in Portland, Oregon. The 145-foot
able lighting, controlled by the individual. tower, which will break ground this fall, will
There is no question that design can have Do you have any current examples of how your contain office space, street-level retail, and 60
significant effects on our well-beingwhether research has translated into an architectural units of affordable housing.
encouraging us to take stairs or exposing us solution?
to uplifting views of nature. Less obvious is Yes. Weve got a building being raised from
Olson Kundig to Renovate
how these decisions can influence us on a the ground right now, the University of
neurological level. Enter Dr. Eve Edelstein, an Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute.
Seattle Space Needle
in-house researcher and neuro-architect And weve made a great many changes to Seattle firm Olson Kundig has been tapped to
based in Perkins + Wills San Francisco office. embody some of the principles from neurosci- renovate the 55-year-old Space Needle and its
Edelstein, who holds degrees in neuroscience, ence and from cognitive science. Examples Tophouse observation deck. The firms plans
architecture, and anthro- include consideration of include replacing metal barriers with glass walls to
pology, leads the firms the type of screens that maximize the panoramic views, and refurbishing
Human Experience Lab, wrap the facade. Were the revolving restaurant. The first phase of the
one of 10 specialized in- thinking about energy $10 million project will begin in September.
house research groups. performance and privacy,
There she conducts re- but also the specular Diller Scofidio + Renfro Designs
search and works with effects of looking through Juilliards International Campus
universities to introduce a screen; theres some The Juilliard School broke ground last month on its
scientific evidence into evidence of specular first overseas campus. Diller Scofidio + Renfro
designing everything grids being disturbing to designed the project, which is in Chinas Yujiapu
from workplaces to some neurological pa- Pilot Free Trade Zone. It will include facilities for
health-care facilities. tients. Similarly, we are performance, practice, research, and interactive
Edelstein is also a co- considering mobility exhibitions, as well as public spaces, and will be the
founder of Clinicians for disorders of neurological only performing-arts school in the country to offer
Design, an international patients, so were design- a U.S.-accredited masters degree.
consortium of scientists ing to allow for regular
and design professionals. places to rest and easier Samuel Bravo Wins
Edelstein spoke with movement. All of these Wheelwright Prize
record from London, where she was address- dramatically change the plan of the building. Harvard Universitys Graduate School of Design
ing a conference. Are there technologies youre particularly has named Chilean architect Samuel Bravo as the
What kind of research is your lab focusing excited about? winner of the 2017 Wheelwright Prize. The
on at the moment? One of the fun things about being one of 10 $100,000 grant will go toward funding Bravos
I focus each year on two or three strategic labs at Perkins + Will is that I have this net- research proposal Projectless: Architecture of Informal
issues. My Ph.D. was in hearing sciences, so I work of people I can turn to. I also collaborate Settlements, which aims to combine vernacular
focus currently on the problems that are asso- with universities, like the University of Cali- traditions with modern architecture.
ciated with the challenges of acoustics. That fornia San Diego, where we have put projects
actually comes up as one of the top complaints as large as a 2.4 million-square-foot hospital
in almost every design. Its become popular to campus into a virtual simulation. Weve used 60
introduce white noise to increase privacy, and it along with brainwave caps so that we can 59 62 62 62
59
we have a good deal of research to show that track the brainwaves that occur as people are
can work. However, the other essential thing moving through a virtual mock-up. 50
53 53
to happen in health-care design is working Are there design solutions that you can employ 50 51 51
toward accurate speech intelligibility: if you in buildings that are already complete?
40
cannot hear the doctors orders, or you cannot Oh, absolutely. One example: I was asked to
M J J A S O N D J F M A M
hear a patient, medical errors can occur. consult for a hospital where the wayfinding 2016 2017
What about lighting? wasnt working. So I toured it, and I observed, INQUIRIES BILLINGS
P H O T O G R A P H Y: P E R K I N S + W I L L
Its very similar to the question of sound. and I realized that the problem was the
There are multiple layers on which we can make lightingit was drawing people to a certain ABI On Solid Ground
adaptations. So theres daylighting for health location, and other paths seemed so dark that According to the AIA, design services have a healthy
and well-being. We know it measurably makes a people thought, Im not meant to go down outlook, reflecting the fourth-straight month of even
differenceto our circadian rhythms, our men- there. Its a matter of using the anthropolo- growth. In May, the Architectural Billings Index
tal state, our cognitive ability, our activity, as gist in me to understand human behavior, the (ABI) scored 53 points, up 2.1 points from the prior
well as our health. And you also have to have neuroscientist in me to try to understand what month (any score above 50 indicates an increase in
darkness, and that often isnt designed into a sensory stimuli might make this happen, and billings). The new-projects inquiry also experienced
hospital. Right now, we have a one-size-fits-all then the architect in me to design a solution an uptick, scoring 62.4. AIA economist Kermit Baker
approach to lighting. So we can think about thats feasible. n calls this growth a steady, stable, increase.
36 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD JULY 2017
perspective news
P H O T O G R A P H Y: N I C K F O C H T M A N ( T O P ) ; J OA N N A B AU M ( B O T T O M )
developed to prevent water penetration. A new geothermal
ground-source heat pump, which required the drilling of
nine 500-foot-deep wells on the constrained site, will stabi-
lize temperature and humidity levels year-round, providing
air-conditioning and helping to prevent future deterioration.
The projects $25 million cost is being financed by private
donations, including a $10 million grant from the Alpha-
wood Foundation and $1.75 million from the Temples
Unitarian Universalist congregation. An additional $12 mil-
lion, currently covered by a loan, has yet to be raised.
Harboe describes his teams work on the project as chal-
lenging but also incredibly rewarding. This is the epitome of
what we want to be doing as preservation architects. Its
what we live to do. n
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2 BEDROOM 5 KITCHEN/DINING ume. The exterior is clad with slats of Brazilian ipe, which wrap
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horizontally around the upper floors fully glazed sliding walls to
screen it from the sun, and run vertically along the other volumes,
functioning as a rainscreen. The slats also shield an outdoor patio
on the main level.
2 After the form was articulated, the program was plugged in,
5
P H O T O G R A P H Y: J E R E M Y B I T T E R M A N N
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perspective interiors 43
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GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS, CHURCHES, AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS IN THIS COUNTRY.
The architect for the house in the June issue is PETER BEHRENS, who designed the cottage
for himself in 1901 as part of an artists colony in Darmstadt, Germany. Behrens, who was
self-taught, exploited his graphic sense to give his dwelling an unusual linear quality. This,
along with his design of all aspects of the interiors, resulted in a striking work.
HISTORY
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tal puppy dogs. The images come from dozens well as peruse the best item in the show: a culprits werent more thoroughly and con-
of overhead cameras, not the tethered drones timeline of surveillance techniques and events tinuously surveilled. The lesson of Hansel &
buzzing around overhead. The phenomenon from ancient Egypt (eyes of the Pharoah, aka Gretel is that a convincing work of art address-
undoubtedly inspires awe in a few (awe was spies) through the proto-computer Turing ing the conundrum of civil liberties versus
mentioned by the designers as the principle Machine that broke the Nazis Enigma code public safety cant merely be a funhouse ride
desired effect), but to anyone whos watched and to weaponized drones currently in use in in the shadows. n
one of the TomsCruise or Hankstrying to Afghanistan.
flee a crew of totally wired bad guys, those Hansel & Gretel seems made to order for Peter Plagens is a painter and writer whose reviews
illuminated brackets accompanying moving middle-school kids on a field trip; they always appear regularly in The Wall Street Journal.
Request a View Creative Request an
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54 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD JULY 2017
perspective exhibition
The pioneer architect hovers over his drafting board, as
shown in the exhibition Frank Lloyd Wright at 150:
Unpacking the Archive, on view at New Yorks Museum of
Modern Art.
L I B R A RY, C O L U M B I A U N I V E R S I T Y, N E W YO R K ) , P H O T O G R A P H Y: U N K N O W N ( T H I S PAG E ) ; J O N AT H A N M U Z I K A R (O P P O S I T E , T O P )
Another portion of the show presents the
masters design-build ideas in his Usonian
Automatic System Project of the early 1950s. As
Matthew Skjonsberg, an architect who studied
at Taliesin and is currently a Ph.D. candidate at
the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in
Lausanne, shows, Wright retooled the textile
concrete block he developed in the 1920sfor
A Different Slant on Frank Lloyd Wright the Millard and Ennis houses in California
for this project. The later version allowed
BY SUZANNE STEPHENS do-it-yourself construction, where homeown-
ers would build their own dwellings using 12
This is an anti-retrospective, says Barry Gray, explains that choosing among 55,000 standard shapes of blocks.
Bergdoll, the curator of Frank Lloyd Wright at 150: drawings, 125,000 photos, and 285 films, Neil Levine, the eminent Wright historian
Unpacking the Archive, on view until October 1 at along with dozens of models and voluminous and Harvard professor, focuses on the
New Yorks Museum of Modern Art (MoMA). It correspondence, was arduous. In the end, Skyscraper Regulation project in his section
doesnt try to perfectly shape an unfolding there are some 400 objects on display. But on Urbanism. In Wrights 1926 scheme for a
career. Instead, he describes the shows the- how to present the material? Bergdoll decided nine-block area in Chicagos Loop, the archi-
matic structure as eccentric. And that it is. to enlist both Wright and non-Wright scholars tect imaginatively tried to solve city planning
(Some might call it hard to follow.) as curators, asking each to focus on one proj- problemsa surprising discovery, considering
Instead of rolling out a standard repertory ect, using about 30 items to help explain its his better-known predilection for decentral-
of all-time hitsRobie House, Unity Temple, significance. (A few selections come from ized growth. Here, Wright raised sidewalks to
Fallingwater, Johnsons Wax, Guggenheim other collections.) The categories range from a second level, permitting traffic circulation at
MuseumBergdoll ferreted out lesser-known Reframing the Imperial Hotel (1923), show- grade. He placed perimeter block apartments
efforts, many of which were unbuilt. Wright ing drawings, photos, furniture, and textiles around courtyards, with eight-story buildings
the form-giver is still in evidence, but so is the from the legendary Tokyo masterpiece, to along the streets and towers rising to a 350-
protean creative genius as a socially conscious Wrights Little Farms Unit, an experimental foot height at the corners.
architect, planner, and inventor. The idea to proposal of 193233 responding to the plight In a section of the show called Reading
uncover little-known corners of his staggering of the farmers in the Depression. Other topics Mile-High, Bergdoll analyzes the famous
body of work came as a result of the archives are more general, such as Ornament, proposal for the Mile-High Illinois skyscraper
being acquired by MoMA and the Avery Archi- Circular Geometries, and Drawing in the in Chicago, which he included in the inaugu-
tectural and Fine Arts Library at Columbia Studio. ral archival MoMA show he curated in 2014,
University from the Frank Lloyd Wright Foun- The variegated mix is intriguingeven Frank Lloyd Wright and the City: Density vs.
dation in 2012. though the categories are about as unified as Dispersal. Now Bergdoll exhibits a 1956 draw-
Bergdoll, who organized the show for apples and oranges, plums and kumquats. One ing Wright dedicated to architects and
MoMA with project research assistant Jennifer participating scholar is Mabel O. Wilson, a engineers, listing his favorites at the top of
55
the 100-by-17-inch rendering on tracing tion frames the works on display with an
paper. One is J. J. Polivka, who executed struc- understated rigor. The galleries in the freshly
tural calculations for the needlelike renovated 1939 portion of the museum are
skyscraper, and whose plan sketches on a painted in muted tones (such as Farrow & Balls
napkin are displayed. Pale Powder) that give the space an ethereal
Crucial to understanding each section of quality. Newly restored models, such as
the exhibition are video interviews with the Wrights unbuilt St. Marks Tower (192729) in
various curators to underscore their points of painted wood and cardboard, and replicas of
view about their selections. (Urbanism lacks Taliesin drafting tables, add a sculptural qual-
this necessary componenta loss.) By provid- ity to the show, while home movies of the
ing the individual choices as the storyline master and his apprentices at work and play
rather than the chronology of the Wright give the entirety a lively humanity. This exhi-
canon, Bergdoll has created an intriguing bition is not for those uninitiated into the
smorgasbord for those who know well the realm of Wright, but it does provide something
standard fare, but no doubt it will be hard to new for almost everyone, even some who
get if you are a novice. The handsome installa- thought they knew it all. n
REGISTER TODAY
Join design leaders as they showcase their recent projects before
being joined by Architectural Record Editor for a panel discussion
on Multi-Family Housing.
NOVEMBER 7 | DALLAS
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Vitae Restaurant, New York, NY I Architect: Niels Guldager I Photographer: David Laudadio
ARCHITECTURAL RECORD JULY 2017 CLOSE-UP 65
Filling a Void
Kliment Halsband Architects (KHA) to design a stripped-down ambula-
tory surgery center in Kyabirwa, a rural village close to the equator in
Uganda. Marin chose Uganda because of its poverty and need, and
because he found an already operational health clinic in Kyabirwa that
A new surgical center by Kliment Halsband could refer surgical patients. Although KHA has worked on plenty of
Architects will offer urgent care in Uganda. civic, cultural, and educational projects since Frances Halsband and
her husband, the late Robert Kliment, founded the firm in 1972, they
BY LAURA RASKIN had never designed a health-care facility. Dr. Marin said, Thats why I
want to talk to you, says Halsband. He wanted a new viewpoint.
If you develop appendicitis in the United States, chances are high that Marin took Halsband and her team on a tour through state-of-the-
youll receive a top-notch appendectomy at a local hospital and be on art operating rooms at Mount Sinai, pointing out everything
your feet in 12 hours. But if you live in rural Uganda, you will die, says extraneous or unnecessary for streamlined surgery. Theres really a
Dr. Michael Marin, chairman of the department of surgery at New York very small area where you have to have absolutely top-of-the-line stan-
Citys Mount Sinai Medical Center. Simple surgical interventions are dards for sanitation,
life-altering or life-ending. Roughly 5 billion peopletwo-thirds of says Halsband. For
the worlddo not have access to safe and affordable surgery, causing Kyabirwa, she designed a
19 million deaths per year. AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined three-volume, 8,500-
result in far fewer3.5 millionand yet, as Marin laments, most phil- square-foot center: an
anthropic investments are not made in surgery. entry pavilion with
Renowned for revolutionizing vascular surgery, Marin has also dedi- offices surrounding a
cated his career to championing global surgical health and to reception courtyard; an
delivering surgical care to underserved parts of the world. Surgery is intermediate volume for
commonly believed to be expensive and complicated, requiring special pre-op and recovery; and
equipment and the skills of a genius. So weve set out on a pathway to a sterile volume with
see if we can dissuade people from that belief, he says. two operating rooms and
To do that, Marin found a private donor and engaged New Yorks adjacent support spaces.
The operating rooms can
accommodate video- WELCOME RELIEF The center will feature an entry
conferencing for consul- courtyard (top). The configuration of its photovoltaic
11 12 13 panels (above) was inspired by the areas banana
10 tation with doctors and
plants, which provide shade and serve as gathering
staff at Mount Sinai. places. Local bricks will form walls and screens.
7 The steel-framed surgi-
I M AG E S : C O U R T E S Y K L I M E N T H A L S B A N D A R C H I T E C T S
1 8 6 cal center is filled in with locally made bricks, forming either solid
9
walls or ventilating screens. Inspired by the proliferation of banana
plants in the area, Halsband conceived of a treelike system of solar
2 3 4 5 14 15 panels that canopies the building, providing shade and energy (with
backup generators). The surgical center will be open in 10 months.
0 12 FT.
Because Mount Sinai is not funding the operation of the center,
FLOOR PLAN
4 M.
Marin is developing a business plan, which includes the establishment
of a small banana-cloth factory to generate income for its operations.
1 COURTYARD 7 PRE-OP 12 SURGICAL CLEAN Another goal is to create an environment and economic model in
2 WAITING AREA 8 RECOVERY ROOM Kyabirwa that will help attract and retain surgeons.
13 STERILE SUPPLY
Marin, a self-proclaimed architecture buff, says he didnt want this
3 REGISTRATION 9 OPERATING ROOM
surgical center to be a MASH unit. I want this first one to be right. It
4 X-RAY/EXAM ROOM 10 WASH/LINEN 14 MEDICAL SUPPLIES
should fit into the community and have some unique features, he
5 LAB 11 SURGICAL SOILED 15 ELECTRICAL
says. He hopes it will result in a cascade of dozens or hundreds more
ROOM BATTERY ROOM
6 OFFICE like it around the world. n
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SAVE THE DATE
Architectural Records Record on the Road series explores Buildings in the
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77
P H O T O G R A P H Y: P E T E R A A R O N /O T T O
I
n the mid-20th century, Philadelphia witnessed the demolition same time, it makes a statement that is suited to its 21st-century
of dozens of non-Colonial buildings, including two extraordi- period. Indeed, the central challenge of the project was to adapt
nary Victorian ones by Frank Furness, in an effort to preserve Federal elegance to todays tourism needs.
the Independence Hall neighborhoods 18th-century character. Sited on a bustling corner in the heart of Philadelphias tourism
That approach to preservation was typical of the era, as the district, the 118,000-square-foot building fulfills Sterns primary
re-creation of Williamsburg, Virginia, attests, where hundreds wish for the museum to be a good citizen. Its massing takes its cues
of historic structures were destroyed to turn it into a Colonial from the neighboring historic buildings cornice lines, while
theme park. Pennsylvania red brick, white trim, and keystone-accented arches
Nearly 70 years later, Philadelphia is still struggling with how to dutifully reference the neighborhoods aesthetic. Its dense, urban
integrate new buildings into an urban fabric teeming with Founding feel is enhanced by oversized retail-like windows and an outdoor
Fatherera gems, Greek Revival banks, and Federal rowhouses. caf that reinforce the buildings connection to the street.
Within this context, who can blame Robert A.M. Stern Architects But unlike the reserved buildings of yore, this one features exag-
(RAMSA) for its homage to history in the design of the new $150 mil- gerated blind arches and a voluptuous bronze-painted domed
lion Museum of the American Revolution? entrance that contribute to a sense of playfulness. Its very impor-
The building is meant to capture the spirit and context of the tant that the building be friendly and dignified, says Stern. The
area, and capture a sense of the architectural environment that exterior conveys the message that interpreting history can be fun,
existed during the American Revolution, says Robert Stern. At the and larger than life.
79
3
1
4 6
0 30 FT.
GROUND-FLOOR PLAN
10 M.
Diana Lind is the founding managing director of the Penn Fels Policy
Research Initiative. Previously she was editor in chief and executive
director of Next City.
80 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD JULY 2017 AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL
Southern Revival
Auburn Universitys Rural Studio transforms an aging bank
building in Newbern, Alabama, into the towns first public library.
BY BETH BROOME
PHOTOGRAPHY BY TIMOTHY HURSLEY
D
riving along Alabamas State Route 61 is like a journey occasionally serving a stint as a polling center. In 2012, the owner,
through the land that time forgot. Past catfish ponds and a local family, donated the use of the building to Rural Studio. The
rolling pastures, the highway pauses for a moment where town postmaster had been pushing for a library, and, later that
it swells to form downtown Newbern (population 189), a year, four thesis-year students were assigned to the project. In
rustic collection of warehouses and storefronts from the Rural Studio tradition, the small team oversaw the planning, de-
turn of the last century. But over the last couple of de- sign, and construction over the next 24 months. The students not
cades, Rural Studio, Auburn Universitys design-build only design and build, points out acting director Xavier Vendrell,
program, which is based here, has left its mark, erecting a fire they work with the community to figure out what they need and
station and other structures. For its latest endeavor, the school has define the organization behind the building.
transformed a diminutive masonry bank building into a modern, The team realized more space would be needed to accommodate
1,600-square-foot libraryNewberns firstthat maintains the local a flexible program for both private study and a host of social and
down-home spirit while providing an inviting community resource. educational activities for a wide range of age groups. There were
The building has a typical American story. Built in 1906 as the two basic questions, says team member Will Gregory. How do you
Bank of Newbern, it went on to have a varied life after the financial preserve this old building? And what does the new small-town
institution failed during the Great Depression. It housed an insur- library look like? Restoring the front and side facades, the stu-
ance office, a livestock-feed storage facility, and then sat empty, dents pushed out the buildings back with a 700-square-foot
81
Factory Made
Bruner/Cott expands a contemporary-art museum while staying
true to the industrial character of its historic campus.
BY JOANN GONCHAR, AIA
PHOTOGRAPHY BY MICHAEL MORAN
T
he American landscape, and especially that of New England,
is dotted with relics of our industrial past, shuttered facto-
ries that once churned out everything from shoes to steam
engines. Many of these facilities have found new leases on
life in the postindustrial age as housing, offices, or retail
spaces. One of the best examples of such architectural adap-
tation is in North Adams, Massachusetts. Here, in the
foothills of the Berkshires, MASS MoCA has been gradually expanding
into its sprawling campus of late 19th-century textile mill buildings since
the contemporary-arts center first opened its doors in 1999.
At the end of May, the museum inaugurated its newest set of galleries
in a just-renovated three-story wing known as Building 6. The $55 million
project, designed by Cambridge-based Bruner/Cott & Associatesthe same
firm responsible for the two previous phases of renovation, as well as the
campus master plannearly doubles the institutions exhibition space to
240,000 square feet and adds new visitor amenities, art-fabrication work-
shops, and support facilities for music festivals and other outdoor events.
With its completion, almost all of the 28 red-brick structures that make
up the landmarked 16-acre complex have been renovated.
The recently revamped building, which sits at the sites western edge,
has a triangular footprint shaped by the confluence of the north and
south branches of the Hoosic River. It completes a long-envisioned big,
gracious infinity loop across the entire campus, says Joseph Thompson,
the institutions director. Previously, visitors had to backtrack through
galleries they had already viewed in order to return to the main lobby.
Although the museum has no permanent collection, the new galleries
continue a strategy initiated in 2008 with the second phase of construc-
tion, when MASS MoCA mounted a 25-year installation of Sol Lewitts
wall drawings. Similarly, the new wing was conceived to host the long-
term installations of artists that include Laurie Anderson, James Turrell,
Jenny Holzer, Louise Bourgeois, and Robert Rauschenberg, as well as
lesser-known artists. Some of the galleries, such as those tailor-made for
Turrells investigations of light and perception, will be fixed in place for
decades, while others, such as those devoted to the work of Anderson and
84 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD JULY 2017 AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL
P H O T O G R A P H Y: D O U G L A S M A S O N (O P P O S I T E , B O T T O M )
reinforce the aging structure and help it
conform to current seismic codes. These
components are mostly left unpainted and
raw, making it difficult to tell if the
brawny elements are original or recently
added. But the lack of self-conscious dif-
ferentiation between old and new doesnt
detract from the overall power of the
expansion. The approach is in keeping
with the complexs organic development,
with structures modified in the most
expeditious way over time, explains
Jason Forney, a Bruner/Cott principal. Its
a strategy that celebrates the complexs
industrial past but perfectly suits its
new life as a place for the experience of
contemporary art. n
85
7
3
5
1 4
3
3 2
6
6
6
3 8 9
0 60 FT.
BUILDING 6 - SECOND FLOOR
20 M.
2 LIGHTWELL 7 BUILDING 5
A Kentucky Classic
Christoff : Finio revamps a Louisville museum and asserts its presence on Main Street.
BY ALAN G. BRAKE
PHOTOGRAPHY BY KEVIN KUNSTADT
T
he Kentucky Museum of Art and Craft (KMAC) in Louis preweathered steel, the architects opted for a less expensive option,
ville is a small museum with big ambitions. Founded in exposing lowcarbon mild steel to the elements. The staircase knits
1981 as a center to promote the states traditional crafts, the building together, and the rusted steel is a way of introducing
such as quilting and wood carving, it has evolved to be the idea of craft, with the imperfections and the marks of the fabri
come a contemporaryart museum with a focus on cators left visible, Finio says. We wanted it to have a sense of
materials and artistic process. In line with this revised improvisationto feel like a sculpture.
directionand to better serve its growing audiencethe The new configuration increased the gallery and programming
museum was recently renovated by New Yorkbased Christoff : Finio. space, and created a maker space and a studio for resident artists, all
Occupying a fourstory former warehouse building from 1885, the of which support the museums new focus. Many artists talk about
20,000squarefoot space was redesigned to strengthen the museums how they use materials to express their ideas, redefining craft in the
connection to Main Street, which it faces. Its neighbors on Main contemporary context, says KMAC director Aldi Miliken. The
Street include the Louisville Slugger Museum, the Louisville Science previous iteration of the museum really limited what we could do.
Center, the Frasier History Museum, and the 21c Museum Hotel, all of The first floor features a flexible lobby gallery. Furnished with
which occupy renovated historic buildings. Together, they form a rolling carts and movable displays, the gift shop can be expanded
museum district, which has helped revitalize the western end of during the holidays or consolidated to create space for larger events.
downtown Louisville, a once thriving center of the bourbon, tobacco, The second level houses the largest gallery, a floorthrough space that
and hardware industries that had suffered neglect. overlooks Main Street and the Ohio River beyond. The architects
The architects used a method of subtraction in approaching the placed freestanding walls at threequarter height in front of windows
project, according to Martin Finio, a partner at Christoff : Finio. The to provide surfaces for hanging art and to protect select pieces from
strategy involved removing nonessential walls, exposing elements of direct sunlight. Mechanicals were moved into new perimeter walls,
the historic building, and revealing views. The main intervention which similarly rise just short of the ceiling to allow for air return.
was relocating the staircase from the center of the floor plates along Miliken couldnt be more pleased with Christoff : Finios work.
the buildings eastern side to the southeast corner immediately on Since reopening last summer, he says, Were attracting a younger
the streetfacing side, and replacing a cluttered gift shop that made and more diverse demographic of visitors, and connecting people to
the institution look more like a store than a museum. The new art and creative practice. The firms intelligent renovation demon
staircase, visible through the floortoceiling windows of the cast strates how wellcrafted architecture can better an institution, no
iron facade, is constructed of rustedsteel plates. Rather than use matter the size, while enriching the remnants of a citys history. n
87
1 GALLERY
2 RECEPTIONHUB
4
3 GIFTSHOP
4 MAKERSPACE
5 EDUCATIONSPACE
3
6 KILNROOM
7 ARTISTIN
RESIDENCE
8 ADMINISTRATION
9 DIRECTOR'SOFFICE
1
0 16 FT.
FIRST-FLOOR PLAN
5 M.
Themuseumoccupiesa
19th-centurycastiron
1 building(opposite).
Expandedgalleries
5
8 showcaseartwitha
focusonmaterialsand
process(above,left).The
6
architectsinserteda
rusted-steelstaircaseat
thefrontofthebuilding
1 7
(above).Newperimeter
wallshousemechanicals
butexposeasliverof
brick.Originaljoistsare
visibleoverhead(right).
1 8
9
8
P H O T O G R A P H Y: YO S H I H I R O M A K I N O , E XC E P T A S N O T E D ; JA M E S E W I N G /O T T O (O P P O S I T E , B O T T O M L E F T ) ;
Sign of the Times
C O U R T E S Y M A R C I A N O A R T S F O U N DAT I O N / W H Y (O P P O S I T E , T O P, R I G H T A N D B O T T O M , R I G H T )
A once-popular Masonic temple, adorned with symbols, transforms into a private museum.
BY SARAH AMELAR
M
asonic temples tend be curious buildingslargely sundry other uses before the city shut it down. Fortunately, in 2013,
windowless and laced with cryptic symbolsand the Paul and Maurice Marciano, two cofounders of the Guess company
one on Wilshire Boulevard, in Los Angeles, is no famous for its sassy ads and provocatively tight jeanspurchased the
exception. Monumental and blocky, with heroic property and transformed the eccentric shrine into their own mu-
statues along its facade, the Scottish Rite Masonic seum to publicly display their extensive collection of contemporary
Temple has always had an imposing yet enigmatic art and planned site-specific commissions.
presence, punctuated by ciphers, such as an eye, a
spear-skewered heart, and drafting compasses, across its travertine
shell. For all its grandeur, however, the secretive 110,000-square-foot
building languished vacant for years. But this onetime palace of ritual
has recently come back to life as the Marciano Art Foundation
(MAF)a repurposing by the design firm wHY that simultaneously lays
bare, embraces, and transcends the venues abundant idiosyncrasies.
In 1961, when artist-designer Millard Sheets completed the build-
ing, the Scottish Rite fraternal order had soaring ambitions for it,
incorporating such amenities as a banquet hall for 1,500 and a 2,200-
seat, full-fly, raked theater, where the brotherhood staged elaborate
initiation dramas. Sheets was known for his Midcentury Modern
branch banks across Southern California. And the temples mystical
ornamentation included his huge interior and exterior mosaics. But
by 1994, dwindling membership forced the Masons to vacate. The
building became an occasional venue for raves, boxing matches, and
89
5 5 9
5
7 8
5 6
1 2
6
6
0 30 FT.
SECTION A - A
10 M.
4
A A
1 2 5 6
0 30 FT.
FIRST-FLOOR PLAN
10 M.
The limestone facade features enigmatic Masonic symbols (opposite, top) and heroic statues (opposite, bottom). The lobby, clad in
travertine, doubles as an exhibition space (top). The building's ornamentation includes a large exterior mosaic (left). On the upper level,
the dining halls cathedral ceiling has been opened to its rafters, with long fluorescent bulbs punctuating the rhythm of girders (above).
90 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD JULY 2017 AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL
We imagined a playground for experi- els, inset with lines of gold, jewel-like
mentation, where artists could try things tiles embossed with mysterious glyphs.
and even make mistakes, recalls wHY Overhead are restored pendant lamps,
principal Kulapat Yantrasast. His teams their quasi-sacred bowls ringed by
strategy focused on restoring many of the Masonic symbols.
buildings original details while also But most dazzling is the banquet halls
stripping key interior areas to their con- formerly focal altarpiece, a tall Sheets
crete-and-steel bones, opening up vast, mosaic with raccoons, foxes, and peacocks
raw spaces for art. frolicking amid polychromatic cypresses.
Beyond such architectural flourishes as To keep its fauna and flora from compet-
elevator doors emblazoned with bronze ing with the contemporary art, however,
compasses, the Masons had left behind a wHY inserted a partition in front of the
trove of ritual paraphernalia, including mural, separating it from the main gallery
stage sets, costumes, wigs, tasseled fezzes, space. While evoking a private chapel, the
and dioramas. To display such relics wall stands so close to the mural that
without upstaging the contemporary art, viewers cant back up to take in the whole
wHY converted the former library into a composition. But the partitions elsewhere
separate exhibition room, preserving its in the banquet hall are more successful,
dark wood cabinetry and double-headed- positioned to control daylight and views
eagle stained glass. while taking advantage of a panoramic
The ghosts of the raked seating are visible in the trussed former theater
By contrast, the main galleriesex- (top). An original embellishment glows in a conference room (above). band of windows (the onetime dining area
tending through the former theater and has the temples only fenestration).
banquet hallhave an industrial edge. The 13,400-square-foot audito- The dialogue between Masonic and contemporary permeates the
rium, now stageless, is dramatically warehouse-like, with a high trussed building. And artists are invited to integrate select temple artifacts into
ceiling, concrete floors, and ghosts of the raked seating and balcony new works here. (For MAFs inaugural show, which opened on May
visible only in exposed structural traces across the concrete side walls. 25th, artist Jim Shaw incorporated a vision-of-hell theatrical backdrop
Upstairs, the dining halls cathedral ceiling has been opened to its raf- into one piece, and leftover wigs into another.)
ters, with long fluorescent bulbs punctuating the rhythm of girders. Its oddly fitting that Guess, a company whose name plays on the role of
MAFs many vintage elements include wall-embedded water foun- symbols (albeit fashion ones), is associated with this repository of obscure
tains of polished brass or lined in small, wheat-colored tesserae sparked motifs. Certainly wHY embraced that pairing, meshing old and new with
with occasional gilded tiles. The lobby, which doubles as exhibition such nimbleness that the facades boldface G could pass for a reference
space, bears Sheetss dynamic, vertically streaked travertine wall pan- to Guesss single-letter sub-brand, instead of yet another Masonic cipher. n
LONSPECK TOPSEAL
A Perfect Blend of Design and Function
Lonseals new Lonspeck Topseal is a traditional
blend of contrasting colors that adds interest and
dimension, while the speckling design helps masks
daily wear and tear commercial flooring endures.
HEALTH CARE
It used to be that medical facilities were often unhappy,
institutional places. As explored by Michel Foucault and
others, hospitals of yore were more akin to prisons than
to places of healing. A lot has changed. Todays health-care
design skews more hospitality than hospitalfilling
treatment centers and patient rooms with natural light,
lush greenery, and works of artto lend patients a feeling
of freedom and dignity. From a 377,000-square-foot cancer
center in the Midwest to an intimately scaled palliative clinic
in Denmark, the range of projects on the following pages
demonstrates how ones surroundings can be as vital to
well-being as medical treatments.
P H O T O G R A P H Y: A D A M M R K
Beacon of Health
A suburban structure housing several doctors offices acts as a billboard for progressive care.
BY JOSEPHINE MINUTILLO
PHOTOGRAPHY BY TIMOTHY HURSLEY
95
STAND OUT The abstracted shape of the southern facade is rendered in a vivid red,
giving the building a strong presence among its suburban neighbors. The box-ribbed
aluminum-zinc alloy upper bar that houses the Harvey Clinic sits over a fully glazed
lower level leased to other doctors.
F
rom striking houses to a sprawling high school, Marlon neighbors. The long, southfacing, boxribbed aluminumzinc alloy
Blackwells spare, inventively simple buildings are sprin exterior wall is painted vivid reda sharp contrast to the neutral gray
kled throughout Northwest Arkansas. In Fayetteville, his of the rest of the buildingso that it looks like a billboard along the
design for an addition to the Fay Jones School of Archi road. Everything is beige in the suburbs, says Blackwell. We wanted
tecture at the University of Arkansas, where he is a to use color, to add a sense of wonder. The clinics staff voted on this
professor, comprises a rectangular volume that mirrors the mix of cayenne and burnt orange.
original Beaux Arts structure in plan, but introduces a The exterior is unusual and definitive, but not flamboyant, says
contemporary look in elevation (record, November 2013, page 128). A Dr. Bryan Harvey, who hired Blackwell to design the 15,500squarefoot
few miles away in Springdale, Blackwell converted a common metal building after attending a tour of modern houses in Fayetteville, which
shed into a surprising Eastern Orthodox church (record, November included the Lshaped, cantilevering home that Blackwell designed
2011, page 68). Now, farther north, in Rogers, Blackwells firm, Marlon with his wife and MBA coprincipal, Meryati JohariBlackwell, for their
Blackwell Architects (MBA), again demonstrates how to do more with family. Adds Harvey, We wanted a building that was a stimulus for the
less in its most recent project. kids but also a great work environment for the staff.
The Harvey Pediatric Clinic combines the bold geometry and Harveys practice, which he runs with several other doctors, is lo
distinctive material palette for which MBA has become known, into a cated on the upper level; his nearly 40 employees administer daily to
statementmaking medical facility that stands out among its suburban over 150 patients ranging from toddlers to young adults. The design
96 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD JULY 2017 BUILDING TYPE STUDY HEALTH CARE
2 4 4
A A
4 5
2 6
3 0 30 FT.
1 SECOND-FLOOR PLAN
10 M.
0 30 FT.
FIRST-FLOOR PLAN
10 M.
18 17 13 10 13 10 12 7
2 3 4 5
0 30 FT.
SECTION A - A
10 M.
COLORANDLIGHT
The gray side of the
building includes the long
north facade, with its band
of windows, and the short
west facade, which
contains a porch on the
upper level (opposite, top).
A patient inside an exam
room (opposite, middle).
The skylight in the patient
staircase is covered in a
blue film, adding a touch
of color to the otherwise
white interiors (opposite,
bottom left). Nurses
stations at the center of
the floor plate are also
topped by skylights
(opposite, bottom right).
An expansive waiting
room features floor-to-
ceiling glazing (left).
98 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD JULY 2017 BUILDING TYPE STUDY HEALTH CARE
TAIL END A brise-soleil along the east facade, with 2-foot-4-inch-deep vertical fins,
shields the upper levels large waiting room from the late-morning sun.
unorthodox. Over the years, the focus of Harveys practice has shifted credits
from treating typical childhood ailments to fostering child develop- SOURCES
ARCHITECT: Marlon Blackwell Architects
ment and sound mental health. The question is, How are you helping
Marlon Blackwell, principal in charge and ROOFING: Firestone Building Products
children grow rather than just survive? he asks.
design architect; Meryati Johari Blackwell, METAL CLADDING: Morin
The upper levels floor plan optimizes flow within the busy practice,
principal; Justin Hershberger, project ELEVATOR: Otis
essentially creating a loop around which patients can circle, beginning
architect; Scott McDonald, Stephen Kesel,
with check in, and followed by exam, consultation, and check out. PLUMBING: Elkay, American Standard,
Spencer Curtis, Stephen Reyenga, design
Full-height doors within the nearly 10-foot-tall space punctuate the Symmons
team
rhythm of that procession around the 6-foot-wide corridors. Past that CARPET: J+J Invision
CONSULTANT: Stuart Fulbright
loop, at the west end of the building, is the administrative hub, with RESILIENT FLOORING: Johnsonite
offices and conference rooms for staff meetings or visits from insur- (landscape)
PLASTIC LAMINATE: Pionite
ance or pharmaceutical reps. Throughout, white walls set off buffed ENGINEERS: HP Engineering (m/e/p);
PAINTS AND STAINS: Sherwin-Williams
and sealed concrete floors. Tatum Smith Engineers (structural); Bates
& Associates (civil) ACOUSTICAL CEILING: CertainTeed
At just under $200 per square foot, the project is economical, yet
CABINETWORK AND CUSTOM
the architects did not ignore the detailsmaking craft from off-the- GENERAL CONTRACTOR: SSI
WOODWORK: Kitchen Distributors
rack systems, is how Blackwell describes his approach. The 8-inch- CLIENT: Dr. Bryan Harvey
wide flat-seam metal panels that line the breezeway, for instance, are HARDWARE: Hager, LCN, Kawneer,
OWNER: Pediatric Workplaces Best Access Systems
completely coursed with other areas of the facade, all trimmed with a
SIZE: 15,500 square feet GLAZING: Kawneer, Ace Glass
2-inch-wide rubber base and a 2 -inch-wide custom break metal for
a sharp finish. For MBA, rigor and creativity dont necessarily come COST: $2.9 million WOOD DOORS: Marshfield Door Systems
at a cost. n COMPLETION DATE: May 2016 LIGHTING: Juno, Forum, Coronet, Leviton
ARCHITECTURAL RECORD JULY 2017 BUILDING TYPE STUDY HEALTH CARE 99
Elegant
Finish
A small, low-scale hospice fits into a larger
campus with discretion and polish.
BY HUGH PEARMAN
PHOTOGRAPHY BY ADAM MRK
A
s a building type, the hospice has programmatic pecu-
liarities that require a special understanding on the
part of its architects. The terminally ill patients in this
palliative-care facility in Copenhagen survive on an
average of just 19 days after admission, with many
dying in the first week. While it is heavily staffed for
expert round-the-clock care, the environment needs to
be as domestic as it is clinicala dignified, calm, even cheerful place
for patients and their families.
It is normal in Denmark for hospices to be in the rural hinterlands, A TRANQUIL LOOK A bronze-zinc alloy that has weathered to a greenish gold clads
rather than the city. But as Morten Gregersen, partner of NORD the Urban Hospice in Copenhagen (top), which is part of a redevelopment for social
Architects Copenhagen, says: The idea is to be close to the relatives. and health-care facilities. Courtyards are carved out of the block (above).
100 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD JULY 2017 BUILDING TYPE STUDY HEALTH CARE
1 ENTRANCE
2 OFFICES
3 PATIENTROOMS
4 VISITORS
MEETINGSPACE
5 MEETINGROOM
6 STAFFAREA
7 KITCHEN
8 LIVINGROOM
9 COURTYARD
10 SPA
11 LOUNGE
12 ROOFTERRACE
0 30 FT.
GROUND-FLOOR PLAN SECOND-FLOOR PLAN
10 M.
URBAN HOSPICE COPENHAGEN NORD ARCHITECTS COPENHAGEN 101
Northwest Passage
A new emergency department boldly signals the high quality of a community
hospitals services.
BY MIRIAM SITZ
PHOTOGRAPHY BY BENJAMIN BENSCHNEIDER
105
L
ess than three miles from the shore of Puget Sound, in the
Seattle suburb of Edmonds, an angular silver building peeking
out between the evergreens announces the campus of Swedish
Edmonds medical center. Designed by NBBJ, the 77,000-square-
foot building updates and expands the services offered at the
community hospital while adding a much needed front door to
the sprawling complex.
When Swedish Edmondss chief operating officer Sarah Zabel came to work
for the hospital (which was then known as Stevens Hospital) in 2001, the first
thing she heard from the medical staff was that they needed a new emergen-
cy department. It was housed in a 1970s building intended to serve 20,000
patients annually but was seeing more than twice that number.
I remember the hospital as a bunch of outdated Brutalist buildings,
says project designer Brian Uyesugi, who lives just a few miles from the
project. The perception was that the care wasnt good, even though the
performance statistics were high, explains NBBJ principal and project
planner Janet Dugan (also an Edmonds local). The hospital became part of
the Seattle-area Swedish health-care system, which, soon after, committed
to building a new emergency department. In addition to providing this
urgently required facility, the project would also create a portal to the
campus that, with more than a dozen buildings constructed over the
course of five decades, was a hodgepodge of architectural styles. We envi-
sioned it as a connector, says Dugan of the new building (completed in July
2016), which was designed to be more welcoming and inspire confidence in
the quality of care.
Effective emergency departments must be easy to navigate. So the archi-
tects focused on streamlining circulation throughout the new steel-frame
building, to increase the speed with which patients are assessed and treated.
They also aimed to create distinct arrival points: some for patients with
emergencies and others for visitors and those receiving outpatient treat-
ment. Their solution was to place the entrances strategically and provide
explicit and implied wayfinding measures. A painted-steel-clad overhang
and double-height, glazed facade function as a front porch, and boldly
TRIAGE BY DESIGN The architects called attention to the main doors by placing them beneath
the highest point of the canted roof, which slopes down toward the fiber cement panelclad emer-
gency entry volume (left). In the lobby (above), metal ceiling panels that imitate wood extend out-
side, beyond the glazed facade, maintaining continuity of materials while adhering to fire codes.
106 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD JULY 2017 BUILDING TYPE STUDY HEALTH CARE
EXISTING
EXISTING BUILDING
OFFICES
NEW BUILDING
EXISTING HOSPITAL
EXISTING
TOWER
EXISTING
BUILDING
0 80 FT.
SITE PLAN
25 M.
3 AMBULANCE ENTRY 9 TRAUMA ROOM OF THE LAND The texture of the steel-panel cladding recalls
glacial striations in the local landscape (above). Art and sculptural
4 INFORMATION DESK 10 BEHAVIORAL HEALTH ROOM elements adorn the lobby (opposite, top), including decorative
5 COFFEE SHOP 11 CARE-TEAM STATION painted paddles, from the Tulalip Tribe, reclaimed boom logs, and
reclaimed wood panels engraved with photos of historic Edmonds.
6 GIFT SHOP 12 IMAGING ROOM
Exam rooms surround the care-team stations (opposite, bottom).
8 8 8 8 3 12
8
12 12 12 8
12 8
8
8 9 10
11
8 10
9 11 12 8
10 12 8
11 8 8
10 8
8 8 8 7 7
7 8
8 8 8
8 8 8 8
4
7 7
P H O T O G R A P H Y: S E A N A I R H A R T ( T O P, R I G H T )
4
2 4
6
1
5
0 20 FT.
FIRST-FLOOR PLAN
6 M.
SWEDISH EDMONDS AMBULATORY CARE CENTER EDMONDS, WASHINGTON NBBJ 107
traumatic for general emergency patients to see and hear individuals in DOWN TO EARTH Trees cleared from the site were repurposed as landscape
distress, says Zabel. features, suggesting canoes or shingles, which recall the citys mill-town past.
Throughout the largely one-story facility, details of the design dem-
onstrate a respect for patients well-being and the surrounding context.
Shielded cove lighting keeps fixtures from shining directly into the
eyes of those on gurneys, while the material palette refers to specific
aspects of Edmondss history. For example, the architects relied heavily credits
on wood in a nod to the former shingle-mill towns industrial past. ARCHITECT: NBBJ SOURCES
Nine boom logs in the lobby (long, straight trunks that were once fas- ENGINEERS: KPFF (civil, structural); GLAZING: Vitro Architectural Glass
tened together, corralling felled trees as they floated downriver) form a Stantec (electrical, telecom); Mazzetti ROOFING: Sika Sarnafil
sculptural, 18-foot-tall work of art. Perforated metal ceiling panels, (mechanical, plumbing) DOORS: Kawneer North America
which extend beyond the glazed facade to the soffit of the exterior CONSULTANTS: Site Workshop CEILINGS: USG
canopy, match the color and look of wood veneer panels. In the gar- (landscape); Stantec (acoustic); Mazzetti
dens, the architects incorporated landscaping features such as shingles, PAINT: Benjamin Moore
(energy modeling)
made from trees that were cleared from the site during construction. WALLCOVERINGS: Carnegie Fabrics
GENERAL CONTRACTOR:
Other material choices, such as the grooved fiber cement panels, SOLID SURFACING: Corian
Sellen Construction
hark back to a more distant past, when advancing and retreating gla- RESILIENT FLOORING: Johnsonite,
CLIENT: Swedish Medical Center,
ciers carved the earth, leaving behind the hilly, rocky landscape that Armstrong
Providence Health & Services
characterizes the area. We tried to find materials and products that
CARPET: Shaw Contract
would help describe that movement and sedimentation, says Uyesugi. SIZE: 77,000 square feet
FURNITURE: Allsteel, Knoll, Steelcase
But even if the connection to the sites geologic past isnt obvious to the COST: withheld
casual observer, NBBJs design for Swedish Edmonds respects its context UPHOLSTERY: Allsteel, Bernhardt,
COMPLETION DATE: July 2016
and elevates the hospitals physical presence to the same level as the Maharam
quality of its care. n LIGHTING: Cooper, Bega
ARCHITECTURAL RECORD JULY 2017 BUILDING TYPE STUDY HEALTH CARE 109
TAKING FLIGHT
Fosters interest in
aviation influenced the
buildings form and plan.
A
ccording to Angela Daniel, a support specialist at the in scale and character, with every detail considered in terms of its emo-
new drop-in center for cancer patients at Manchesters tional impact, affirming the joy of life without ignoring patients fears.
Christie hospital, When people come into this build- Foster + Partners design process began with visits to all 18 existing
ing for the first time, they gasp. Then their shoulders centers to discover what works best, says project architect Darron
drop and they visibly relax. Quite often, they start Haylock. (These include buildings by architects such as Zaha Hadid,
crying and ask, Is this really all for me? OMA, and Frank Gehry.) The firms initial concept sketches, produced
Designed by Foster + Partners for Maggies, a charity before a site was determined, are vague about the buildings formal or
that provides practical and emotional support in purpose-built settings, material properties but emphasize social interactions and strong visual
the center at the Robert Parfett Building is the antithesis of the sterile, connections between the building and a garden.
strip-lit wards in which many patients receive medical treatment. It The importance of surrounding greenery led the architects to con-
yokes the consistent concerns of Fosters workfor light, landscape, and sider numerous locations before selecting one at the end of a tree-lined
the beauty of technologyto a unique program developed by the char- street, some distance from the main hospital, where the 5,000-square-
itys late founder, Maggie Keswick Jencks, a cancer patient and wife of foot center sits within a verdant oasis three times its size. Positioning
architecture critic Charles Jencks. Maggies buildings should be domestic the building at the northern end of the plot left the largest open space
110 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD JULY 2017 BUILDING TYPE STUDY HEALTH CARE
OPEN PLAN
Long views draw visitors
from the central kitchen
(above) toward relaxation
spaces with open fires
and outdoor terraces
(opposite) that are
sheltered from
Manchesters frequent
rain. Clear sight lines from
the mezzanine office
(left) allow passive
surveillance of all spaces
by the staff.
MAGGIES CENTRE MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM FOSTER + PARTNERS 113
Taussig Cancer Center | Cleveland | William Rawn Associates and Stantec Architecture
Building Confidence
A collaboration among architects and client results in a medical facility designed to
empower patients.
BY MARK LAMSTER
PHOTOGRAPHY BY ROBERT BENSON
115
T
he Cleveland Clinic took a chance when it
commissioned Boston-based William
Rawn Associates (WRA) to be lead archi-
tect for its $276 million Taussig Cancer
Center. The firm had no prior experience
designing medical facilities. However, says
principal William Rawn, at some basic
level they hired us because we were curious. They didnt
want some firms version of a past hospital.
It is an account affirmed by Dr. Toby Cosgrove, a tho-
racic surgeon who has been the clinics chief executive
for the past 13 years. He had a willingness to listen to
the clinicians here and put that knowledge into the
design, Cosgrove says of Rawn. We talked to some
architects who didnt want to listen.
It was Cosgroves interest in architecture that prompt-
ed him to include WRA in the search. As a trustee of
Williams College, he had been impressed by a Rawn
project on that campus, the light-infused Class of 62
Center for Theater and Dance, completed in 2006. We
think that the atmosphere in which people work and get
treated is important for their confidence and their out-
comes. The effort to promote well-being through
architecture also prompted Cosgrove to appoint
Christopher Connell, a partner in the London-based
Foster + Partnersthe firm responsible for the clinic
campus master planas chief design officer, in May.
Working with Stantec Architecture, brought into the
project for its health-care expertise, WRA created a
377,000-square-foot, steel-frame building with a reassur-
ingly calm atmospherea quality signaled by a glass
curtain wall animated by a precise grid across the front
and rear facades. The unitized system of glass panels is 17
percent reflective and has a shifting, quicksilver sheen
that, while transparent, doesnt readily display the peo-
ple and activity within. Its a very subtle facade, says
Sam Lasky, a firm principal. There arent a lot of gew-
gaws. It is what it needs to be, and not more than that.
A directive for a minimal aesthetic came directly from
Cosgrove. People arent coming to the hospital to be in
their living rooms. Theyre coming for science, he says.
Rawn shares this philosophy. Minimalism represents an
idea of heightened competence. It indicates that this
place is serious and youve come because youve got a
serious problem that you want solved, he says.
To ease the sense of chaos and congestion that so often
characterizes hospital entries, the front elevation is
cantilevered forward 32 feet, creating a 360-foot-wide
overhang at ground level that serves as a broad, airport-
style drop-off. The cantilever is suspended from a dozen
trusses concealed at the top of the structure within the
mechanical floor, a solution arrived at in collaboration
with the consulting engineer, Boston-based LeMessurier.
The lobby is a limpid, open space, with white terrazzo
floors and 17-foot-high ceilings, that opens to a garden at
the back. The idea of a soaring atrium, another hospital
convention, was rejected. We wanted it to be tall enough
FORWARD THINKING The front elevation of the Cleveland Clinics
Taussig Cancer Center is cantilevered 32 feet, allowing for a covered so that its filled with light, but not overwhelming, says
airport-like dropoff to ease congestion. A lightwell, located on the Dr. Brian Bolwell, chairman of the Taussig Cancer
grassy island within the driveway, brings daylight to the lower level. Institute and a central figure in its design development.
The building program was largely determined by the
116 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD JULY 2017 BUILDING TYPE STUDY HEALTH CARE
0 50 FT.
BASEMENT PLAN
15 M.
E. 102nd Street
5 6 6 7
4
E. 105th Street
10 3 2 8
5 CAF 16 OFFICES
6 PATIENT SUPPORT 17 RADIATION/
Carnegie Avenue
7 MEDITATION SUITE ONCOLOGY
8 PHARMACY 18 IMAGING
9 SKYLIGHT 19 TUNNEL
0 50 FT.
10 BRIDGE 20 MECHANICAL
GROUND-LEVEL PLAN
15 M.
PENTHOUSE
11 CHECK-IN DESK
0 50 FT. 0 50 FT.
LEVEL-FOUR PLAN SECTION A - A
15 M. 15 M.
TAUSSIG CANCER CENTER CLEVELAND WILLIAM RAWN ASSOCIATES AND STANTEC ARCHITECTURE 117
USER FRIENDLY Clinical corridors (above) are carpeted to reduce noise, while wood
details and access to views convey a sense of calm. Daylit infusion rooms also have
partially glazed walls (top, right). A lightwell illuminates the hallway in the basement
(opposite), where treatment rooms have LED lighting that patients can control (right).
Secret Garden
the building in an airy
brick screen (right,
below). Behind a circular
depression in the
facadeinspired by the
hospitals circular
logothe architects
An innovative hospital expansion at the foothills of the Andes brings located a four-story
garden. Passersby can
nature and the surrounding city to the patients. enjoy a public plaza,
accessible by a
BY ANNA FIXSEN street-level staircase,
which creates a new
PHOTOGRAPHY BY ALEJANDRO ARANGO civic space in a busy
commercial quarter
T
he first chapter of Gabriel Garca sion since it was established in 1972. The founders (opposite).
Mrquezs feverish novel Of Love and Other envisioned a nonprofit medical institution that would be at
Demons closes with a prescient word of the forefront of research and patient care, while shunning
wisdom. After a physician examines a the antiseptic feel of a status quo hospital. Accordingly, the
noblemans daughter feared to have con- buildings architect, the American modernist George
tracted rabies, he prescribes a regimen not Nelson, designed the hospital to be the Colombian Garden
of elixirs, but of flowers, birds, and views of Health. An X-shaped structure constructed from local
to the setting sun. No medicine cures what happiness brick, the hospital included tree-shaded gardens, an airy
cannot, the doctor advises. atrium, and rooftop plantings.
Such a philosophy is at the heart of a recent expansion Over the decades, Fundacin Santa Fe became one of
of Bogots Fundacin Santa Fe hospital by Colombian Colombias premier medical institutions, boasting
architect Giancarlo Mazzanti, where lush interior gardens achievements like the countrys first heart transplant and
combined with vistas of the jagged Andean hills give partnerships with institutions like the Universidad de los
recovering patients a sense of freedom and hope. Andes and Johns Hopkins University. But in recent years,
When you are here, you are no longer inside the build- it faced overcrowding, and its aging facilities lacked the
ing, you are outside of it, says Mazzanti, standing in the flexibility to keep up with changes in medical technol-
hospitals verdant interior garden. We wanted to bring ogy. Whats more, a series of expansions left the facility a
new possibilities to the patients and the people inside. gloomy jumble that strayed from Nelsons original vision.
Nature has been integral to Fundacin Santa Fes mis- Mazzanti, in a competition-winning design, proposed an
121
122 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD JULY 2017 BUILDING TYPE STUDY HEALTH CARE
0 0
30 FT.30 FT.
GROUND-FLOOR PLAN
10 M. 10 M.
1 ENTRANCE
11
2 RECEPTION
3 PATIO
4 WAITING ROOM
15
5 OFFICES
6 REHABILITATION
7 CARDIOLOGY
4
8 PNEUMOLOGY
0 30 FT.
9 GASTROENTEROLOGY NINTH-FLOOR PLAN
10 M.
10 EXISTING BUILDING
11 INTERIOR GARDEN
12 PUBLIC ELEVATOR
13 PATIENT ROOM
14 STAFF
15 WASTE
16 PARKING 11
17 AUDITORIUM FOYER
18 GYNECOLOGY
0 30 FT.
SECTION A - A
10 M.
FUNDACIN SANTA FE DE BOGOT EXPANSION BOGOT, COLOMBIA EL EQUIPO MAZZANTI 123
At A scAle unheard of in their home country, health-care consortium Kaiser Permanente From the very beginning, the design priority
American architecture firms are using natural and a member of a natural-ventilation task for the 1.84 million-square-foot NTFGH, which
ventilation to achieve energy savings, resil- group for the American Society of Heating, opened in 2015, was to make the patients
ience, and patient comfort in two major Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers experience far more pleasant, says William
health-care projects in Asia. At Singapores Ng (ASHRAE). So, a naturally ventilated health- Roger, director of health care in the San
Teng Fong General Hospital (NTFGH), one of care building here is going to be somewhat Francisco office of HOK, architects for the
this years AIA COTE Top Ten Award winners, countercultural, he says. The few naturally project with CPG Consultants and Studio 505.
more than 80 percent of bed spaces are cooled ventilated North American health-care facili- A pre-design tour of Singapores public hospi-
and ventilated relying on passive strategies ties that do exist, such as Peace Island Medical tals found standard, multipatient wards
alone. At XiangYa Hospital, a 5.6 million- Center, an award-winning facility on San Juan configured so that only the patient at the end
square-foot medical facility in Changsha, in Island, Washington, tend to reflect consider- of the room had access to a windowand draw-
south central China, slated to start construc- ations so specific to their particular circum- ing that patients privacy curtain blocked
tion this summer, windows will be the stances that they reinforce just how unusual access to light and air for patients farther from
primary source of cooling and ventilation for natural ventilation in North American health the building perimeter. Bedside fans only
all patient rooms. care really is. served to circulate increasingly warm air.
Although natural ventilation is common So how do international health-care facilities To improve the healing environment, air-
internationally, North Americans are accus- achieve comfortable environments with natu- flow was paramount: research has shown that,
tomed to full mechanical ventilation, says ral ventilation? And should North Americans in tropical climates, higher temperatures (from
Travis English, chief design engineer for expect to see more of such facilities? 79 to 84 degrees Fahrenheit) in rooms with
127
ceiling fans are more comfortable than cooler ters the room, however. NTFGHs facades MADE IN THE SHADE The facades of Ng Teng Fong
spaces without them. The design teams solu- comprise multiple layers and elements, includ- General Hospital in Singapore rely on several types of
shading devices. The patient-room wings (opposite)
tion opens the floor plan of the standard ward ing vertical sunshades and deep overhangs of
P H O T O G R A P H Y: R O RY DA N I E L A N D C P G C O N S U LTA N T S
the strategy also plays a role in conserving FAN PLAN Multi-bed wards (above and right) at Ng Teng
water. Because cooling towers are one of the Fong in Singapore are shaped like fans. The strategy
largest consumers of water in fully air-condi- creates a semi-private corner with its own operable
window for each patient and helps promote the Venturi
tioned hospitalsespecially in a hot climate effect and cross ventilation.
like Singaporesthe use of passive design to
condition 70 percent of the building consti- distinct seasons. However, increasingly fre-
tutes the facilitys single most effective quent summer heat waves make it difficult to
water-conservation measure. guarantee comfortable conditions through
In selecting the project as an AIA COTE Top natural ventilation alone. We need to
Ten winner, the jury commented that this design a system to protect the weakest, says
I M AG E S : R O RY DA N I E L A N D C P G C O N S U LTA N T S ( T O P ) ; C O U R T E S Y H O K ( B O T T O M )
project is an extraordinary model for hospitals Alejandra Menchaca, a senior building scien-
to behave as healing environments not seen in tist with Payette, and we couldnt quite do it
the United States and the passive strategies with natural ventilation year-round. The
demonstrated here are a model for hospitals design solution will provide passive condition-
NG TENG FONG WARD PLAN
around the world. ing for whats estimated to be 70 percent of the
As with NTFGH, the mandate for passive cooling season, based on adaptive comfort
cooling and ventilation at XiangYa Hospital thresholds, and staff will turn on mechanical strategy planned for XiangYa.
derived from established health-care design air-conditioning to moderate peak tempera- In a way, though, the XiangYa design team
practice in the region. We know how to open tures. The concept of adaptive comfort is fighting with one hand tied behind its back:
windows, the client told Boston-based Payette recognizes that people feel comfortable across while the clients mandate calls for natural
Architects in establishing the design param- a wider range of indoor temperatures if they ventilation and cooling, it also calls for a build-
eters for the 2,500-bed facility. We do not have control over window operability. Its also ing envelope primarily of glass. Its an
want air-conditioning or any mechanical a function of outdoor temperature: on a hot unfortunate trend, says Menchaca. The more
systems whatsoever in the patient units. The day, people are comfortable at warmer indoor solar gain we have in a space, the larger the
citys current hospital is naturally ventilated, temperatures, and vice versa. opening needs to be to vent it. Payettes in-
and the client expects the new one, which will To move air, natural-ventilation systems rely house research had established that windows
consist of zigzagging inpatient wings atop on pressure differentials, which can be gener- opening 4 inches (the maximum allowed for
orthogonal medical-service podiums, to im- ated either by the wind for cross ventilation (as safety) could be configured as louvers, or as
prove patients thermal comfort through a at NTFGH) or by temperature or humidity high and low awning windows, to achieve a
more deliberate approach. differences. In stack ventilation, an example of significant increase in the number of air
In many ways, Changsha is well suited to this, warmer air exits high and draws cooler changes per hour compared to a casement
natural ventilation. Air quality is not a prob- air in low. This can allow a room to be self- window of the same size. But the ventilation
lem, as it is in many of Chinas northern cities, ventilating, taking air in and exhausting it needs of XiangYas glassy spaces outstrip what
and Changshas subtropical climate has four through openings in the same wall. Such is the any type of 4-inch opening can provide.
129
the glass. For the patient, the window will pertain to a perceived lack of infection con- say the majority of users think [natural venti-
provide fresh air and views to gardens, while trol, the logistics of controllability, patient lation] is great, says Ben Coon, regional
the scale of the window box will offer a sense comfort, and added construction costs. construction project manager for PeaceHealth.
of intimacy in the large building. It would be Perceived advantages include a connection to But with only two or three inpatients admitted
a hard sell in the U.S., says Menchaca. Whos the outdoors, resilience in the event of power per day, he adds, the data pool is tiny.
going to clean the screen? Whos going to open failure, improved working conditions and Even for so small a facility in an ideal cli-
the window? But for a client already used to patient care, and reduced operating costs. mate zone, however, obtaining Department of
operable windows and insect screens, these Infection control is highest on the list of Health approval for operable windows wasnt
130 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD JULY 2017 HEALTH CARE & NATURAL VENTILATION
Continuing Education
To earn one AIA learning unit
(LU), including one hour of health,
safety, and welfare (HSW) credit,
read Breath of Fresh Air, review
the supplemental material found at
architecturalrecord.com, and complete the
quiz at continuingeducation.bnpmedia.com or
by using the Architectural Record CE Center app
available in the iTunes Store. Upon passing the
test, you will receive a certificate of completion,
and your credit will be automatically
reported to the AIA. Additional information
regarding credit-reporting and continuing-
education requirements can be found at
easy. Concerns included humidity, security, years ASHRAE annual conference, in Long continuingeducation.bnpmedia.com.
pollen and dust, infection control, staff con- Beach, California, Travis English presented the
trols, patient experience, and the durability of natural-ventilation task groups position paper Learning Objectives
P H O T O G R A P H Y: B E N JA M I N B E N S C H N E I D E R
interior materials. Ultimately, PeaceHealth summarizing its two-year review of ASHRAE 1 Outline the benefits of naturally ventilated
provided reassurance in the form of a memo- Standard 170: Ventilation of Health Care health-care facilities.
randum, included with its building-permit Facilities. If a design culture of mechanical 2 Discuss hurdles to implementing natural
application, describing the design provisions ventilation is what makes North Americans ventilation in North American health-care
and operating policies by which each DoH- leery of adopting natural ventilation for health facilities.
identified concern would be addressed. care, Standard 170, which a number of jurisdic- 3 Discuss industry standards and regulations
It comes down to liability, says Coon, and, tions have incorporated into their building pertaining to ventilation in health-care facilities.
with operable windows an ideal rather than a codes, is what locks that design culture into 4 Explain physical phenomena relevant to
necessity, We probably would have given up. industry practice. The standards provision natural ventilation, such as the Venturi effect
But the design team persevered, and today the that all of the air provided to a space shall be and stack ventilation.
Peace Island Medical Center stands as a path- filtered and that the entire minimum out-
breaking solution for its circumstances. door air changes per hour . . . shall meet the AIA/CES Course #K1707A
That path may be about to open up. At this filtration requirements may have been in-
CONTI NUI NG
EDUCATION
THATS AS
MOBILE AS
YOU ARE.
EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT 133
CONTINUING EDUCATION
CONTINUING EDUCATION
In this section, youll find five compelling courses* highlighting creative solutions for tomorrows buildings brought to you by industry leaders. Read the course, and
then visit our online Continuing Education Center at ce.architecturalrecord.com to take the test free of charge to earn credits.
Image courtesy of Smart Vent Products, Inc.
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BE LS PM CREDIT: 1.5 AIA LU/HSW PM SI SU CREDIT: 1.5 AIA LU/HSW IN LS PM CREDIT: 1.25 AIA LU/HSW
CATEGORIES
Photo courtesy of Thornton Tomasetti, Inc.
p 160 p 164
*Courses may qualify for learning hours through most Canadian provincial architectural associations.
134 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT
CONTINUING EDUCATION
W
ell-designed buildings often evoke a of protecting not only the buildings we design
sense of permanence and longevity. and the contents within, but also the full health, CONTINUING EDUCATION
The reality is, however, that such safety, and welfare of the people who use those
permanence can be routinely and sometimes buildings. This course will look at some of the
dramatically challenged by natural or man- current thinking on these topics. 1.5 AIA LU/HSW
Watertight Hatches for MTA, New York City QuickWall for Whitney Museum, New York City Watertight Door for Pump Station, Iowa
PL
PLANS
ANS
140 EXPLORING RESILIENT BUILDING DESIGN EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT
panel or multiple-panel configurations. Flood A key point for architects to be aware of is that condition. Damage or failure to the roofing mem-
barriers are usually manually installed and op- there are companies that specialize in this type of brane is not only problematic in its own right, but
CONTINUING EDUCATION
erated. As a specialty product, all types of flood equipment and can provide design support begin- it also exposes other parts of the building, equip-
barriers can be specified to meet standards of ning in the very early stages of the project. Tom ment, critical building systems, and the people in-
federal agencies and code requirements. Themel, PE, is vice president of Walz and Krenzer side to the ravages of weather events. Consider that
Within this category of flood barrier pro- Inc., a flood barrier manufacturer. He relates a during severe weather, the roof could be exposed
tection, there are some specific types. Remov- very positive collaborative experience working to high winds, hail, accidental puncture, unusual
able flood barriers are best used when flooding with the Renzo Piano Building Workshop on a snow loads, or intense UV exposure from the sun,
occurs with some advance warning. Typically, project in New York City at the Whitney Mu- all of which could compromise the protective bar-
they are stored at the facility or nearby and seum to help fortify the buildings ability to resist rier that the roofing is meant to provide. With the
can be moved into place and assembled by a flooding. Working together, we approached the short-term and long-term integrity of the building
maintenance or specialty crew in advance of a specific problem with unique solutions that were at stake, not to mention human safety, the roofing
predicted flood event. A particularly cost-effec- custom tailored to be sensitive to the architectural requires some special attention.
tive version uses stackable, modular logs or design, he says. Kevin Schorn, an associate with Commercial roofing systems need to address
other components that are well suited for long the Renzo Piano Building Workshop, comments, many details and conditions to be fully protective
perimeter protection. Permanent flood barriers Their ability to perform complex engineering and and resilient, but the fundamental decision needs
can similarly take on several forms. Hinged invent creative solutions alongside the architects to be made on what type of roofing membrane to
flood barriers that act as movable portions of made them an invaluable part of the flood mitiga- use. One of the more popular and cost-effective
walls can be permanently attached to a build- tion design team. Their dedication to quality and systems, namely EPDM, has also been shown
ing opening on either the side or bottom of the precise fabrication coupled with their design and to be quite durable and resilient if specified and
opening. Since everything is already in place, engineering skills played a crucial role in safe- installed properly. With more than 15 billion
they can be closed with very little notice to guarding the Whitney Museum against flooding square feet of membrane installed across the
protect the building from floodwater intrusion. in the future. globe since the 1960s, EPDM has an impressive
Similar versions are available using panels that history of performance in the commercial roof-
slide either horizontally or vertically into place ROOFING RESILIENCE ing industry. Numerous EPDM roofs installed
from a permanent stored position. This type One of the most vulnerable parts of a building in the 1980s have been documented to be still
is particularly well suited for locations where during a storm event is the roofing system, par- performing well over 30 years later, a fact that
space constraints exist. Finally, there are also ticularly a commercial building with a low-slope positions EPDM as one of the strongest and most
systems which automatically deploy at preset
water levels based on floating components that
rise ahead of the water levelwithout any hu-
man intervention.
Watertight and airtight doors are designed
to seal all four sides of an opening. They are
tested and shown to be 100 percent watertight
or airtight, and can be designed for practically
any size, any location, and for any pressure re-
quirement. Both manual and power-operated
doors are available, and there is now even a
watertight roller curtain door that automati-
cally deploys at a preset water level. Most of
these doors can also be designed for any
number of special design considerations, such
as blast, ballistic, shock, vibration, radioactive,
seismic, chemical, tornado, and high-pressure
requirements. Both single- and double-panel
doors are available for most applications.
Watertight hatches are designed to mount
horizontally in either a flush or raised
configuration. Using similar technology to
watertight doors, they can be designed for any
size, location, or pressure requirement. Larger
hatches require some type of mechanical assist
Photos courtesy of Walz & Krenzer, Inc.
A low-profile post-and-beam perimeter fence is shown around an industrial plant on the left, while the results of a successful crash test are shown on the right.
they also need to be designed to allow a much will span across areas where vehicular loads travel damage, infrastructure disruption, or human
greater moving distance. Seismic expansion joints on a daily basis, imposing heavy and frequent casualties. Creating a vehicle secured perimeter
on the order of 12 inches, 24 inches, or even 30 loads. The good news here is that yes, some cover includes at least two components. The first is a
inches are not unusual. The design issue becomes systems can handle these heavy loads, but it is continuous barrier or protective device along
bridging that gap to make a building or site surface important to notify the expansion joint cover all exposed edges of a property where a vehicle
usable during the majority of time that earthquake manufacturer of the kind of loads that will be could otherwise breach the perimeter. The
forces arent being imposed. crossing over the cover so it can ensure that the second component is a secure gate or entry point
In response to this situation, manufacturers proper heavy-duty cover is selected and installed. to allow authorized vehicles to enter but then re-
have developed some very sophisticated expansion Gabe Blasi, CSI, CDT, is the senior general turn to a secure or closed position. We will look
joint cover products that can aid in the functional- manager with Construction Specialties. He at each of these components separately.
ity of a building before, during, and after a natural points out that expansion joint cover manufac-
disaster, such as an earthquake. The cover is basi- turers work closely with architects, engineers, Barrier Fencing
cally a structural (i.e., walkable or drivable) surface and facility owners to provide attractive, proven A traditional approach to protecting facility
that can span the gaps formed by the seismic joints. products that augment the seismic performance perimeters is the use of chain link or ornamental
During a seismic event, some covers are designed and resilience of buildings. It behooves design fences. These may slow or stop pedestrian attacks
to pop up out of the way, allow for the movement teams, then, to consult with these companies to but are not designed to thwart vehicle attacks.
going on in the ground, and then return back into understand the options and capabilities of the Similarly, highway cable barrier systems are engi-
place once the seismic movement ends. That means available products so that the best choices can be neered primarily to withstand a glancing impact
that these covers are not intended to be sacrificial made for specific building conditions. but not stop a direct frontal approach. The only
and therefore require minimal repair after a move- truly effective vehicle-attack protection is to use a
ment event. Because of the ability to return back SECURITY THREAT RESILIENCE crash test-certified, truck-stopping barrier capable
to its resting position after an earthquake, it also Having looked at some environmental hazards, of handling a head-on impact from a vehicle
eliminates the concern that the cover might block lets turn our attention to the man-made hazard traveling perpendicular to the line of the fence.
egress areas or cause tripping hazards. of security threats. It has become increas- Such systems are typically engineered to meet
Manufacturers of such expansion joint covers ingly clear that serious security threats demand U.S. Department of State (DOS) or ASTM testing
understand that there are many unique project educated planning and proven protection. As standards, while addressing common challenges
situations and therefore offer a range of standard radical threats have increased in both frequency associated with installation, maintenance, restric-
choices and will often work with architects on and methodology to government facilities, criti- tive site conditions, and harsh environments.
custom-designed solutions as well. Large joints cal infrastructure, and commercial properties, Whether used as a stand-alone system or in
or moat covers are available that are designed to designing a resilient building now also requires conjunction with new or existing anti-pedestrian
accommodate base-isolated buildings in seismic designing for security. The process is similar fencing, this approach can provide anti-ram level
zones. These covers surround the perimeter of to other resiliency design based on identifying protection to the perimeters of high-risk facilities,
the base-isolated building and, during a seismic potential risks, understanding industry stan- such as data centers, refineries, chemical plants,
event, they too will pop up out of the ground and dards, and providing tested solutions, all within utility stations, military bases, and airports.
return to their place after the event. Some seismic the constraints of meeting the daily operational
expansion joint cover systems have center pans requirements of the facility, the construction Continues at ce.architecturalrecord.com
that are strong enough to be filled with surround- budget, and architectural design objectives.
ing floor or wall finishes, which minimizes the One of the key components of a good secu- Peter J. Arsenault, FAIA, NCARB, LEED AP,
covers sightlines for an aesthetically pleasing look. rity design is protecting the perimeter of the is a practicing architect, green building con-
For example, a seismic moat cover system can ac- property or facility. In particular, unauthorized sultant, continuing education presenter, and
cept concrete or terrazzo so that it blends in with vehicular entry has been recognized as a sig- prolific author engaged nationwide in advanc-
the sidewalk or surfaces that typically surround nificant hazard with understandably high risk ing building performance through better design.
a building. In other cases, expansion joint covers levels due to the potential for dramatic property www.linkedin.com/in/pjaarch
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Exploring Resilient Building Design
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Design trends for exterior spaces and four-season rooms 1.5 AIA LU/HSW
Sponsored by AGS Stainless, Inc., Bison Innovative Products, Panda Windows & Learning Objectives
After reading this article, you should be able to:
Doors, and Western Red Cedar Lumber Association | By Elena M. Pascarella, RLA, ASLA
1. Discuss the key sustainability criteria (LEED
T
and SITES) that apply to the design of
heres a lot to love about the outdoors, and glass windows or doors helps to enhance the inte- exterior spaces and outdoor rooms.
this course will explore ways that archi- rior. Expansive windows and doors allow natural 2. Describe some of the various product
tects and designers can make inviting and light to penetrate into interior rooms as well as systems that are available for designing
comfortable outdoor spaces that link the outdoors provide a visual extension to an exterior space. exterior spaces and outdoor rooms, and
to the interior. There are a variety of products Natural light penetrating into interior spaces can understand each systems compliance with
and materials that provide options for designing also reveal textures and patterns through shad- sustainability criteria.
patios, decks, and outdoor rooms, and that provide ows and provides cues as to time of day. 3. List design options for exterior deck spaces
experiences in outdoor dining, animated outdoor Appropriately selected windows and doors regarding railings and safety.
activities such as poolside recreation, or just relax- can also create a space that can be used through 4. Explain the ways in which exterior spaces and
outdoor rooms can help to meet LEED and
ing and taking in the surrounding landscape. In the four seasons, even in colder climates. De-
SITES requirements of human health and
addition, outdoor living spaces and rooms can signers should consider the following criteria well-being.
greatly increase the appeal of a home, restaurant, or when selecting an appropriate window or door
hotel, and thus increase its value and marketability. system to create a four-season space: To receive AIA credit, you are required to
thermal and energy efficiency, read the entire article and pass the test. Go to
VIEWING THE OUTSIDE FROM WITHIN ability of the system to accommodate design ce.architecturalrecord.com for complete text
One of the ways to link the exterior and interior creativity (i.e., curved walls, corners, etc.), and to take the test for free.
of a project is through glass. Extending an indoor impact resistance to storms and severe weather, AIA COURSE #K1707N
room to the outside by opening views through security options,
148 EXTERIORS AND OUTDOOR DESIGN EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT
The window and door product options for total solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) while still
creating a visual and physical interface with the providing high levels of daylight transmission.1
outdoors include: Another example of an energy-efficient
windows and window systems, window product is a thermally broken alumi-
French doors and pivot doors, num window. The benefits of thermally broken
bifold and folding doors, aluminum windows include warmer winters,
operable glass wall systems, cooler summers, and a more comfortable living
horizontal sliding wall systems, environment. The design of a thermally broken
combination lift and slide door systems, and aluminum window includes a polyamide insula-
multi-sliding doors. tor between inner and outer aluminum faces.
There are a wide range of material framing The result is a permanent thermal barrier that ef-
systems for windows and door product. Two fectively fights energy transfer between the inside
common systems are all aluminum and combina- and outside and vice-versa.3 Expansive numbers of folding doors provide
tions of aluminum with wood cladding. The alu- opportunities for panoramic views to the
minum- and wood-clad frame system provides PROVIDING BOTH VIEWS AND ACCESS TO outdoors.
the reduced maintenance of an aluminum clad THE OUTDOORS USING DOOR SYSTEMS
finish, plus the aesthetic appeal and warmth of security, designers should look for doors that
wood. The aluminum is bent and folded over the French Doors and Pivot Doors also utilize completely integrated locking and
exterior of the door or window frame to prevent French doors can serve as both entry doors and as operation mechanisms.
weather from penetrating into the wood frame. views to the outside. They are also ideal for creat-
ing a smooth flow of pedestrian traffic between the Glass Folding Doors
Windows and Window Systems outdoors and indoors. French swing doors using Glass folding doors provide an opportunity
Windows and window systems are available in tempered glass can provide panoramic views to the to gain open views to the outdoors while
various styles and sizes and can be customized to outdoors from inside any home or building maximizing the opening in situations where
fit the project design. Designers have the option of French doors operate by swinging out or by there is insufficient space for wider swing
selecting fixed, casement (inswing or outswing), rotating on standard hinges. An optional multi- doors. Where there is available space in the
hopper, awning, sliding, and tilt and turn (inswing point locking mechanism allows the door panel design, folding doors can be pocketed into the
only) window products depending on the project to operate easily even when the panel is oversized side and completely hidden from view when
requirements. One of the key considerations when and heavy. French doors are available with stan- open, providing an expansive connection to
selecting a style or type of window is energy ef- dard hinges or pivot hardware. As the panels are the outdoors.
ficiency. The National Fenestration Rating Council high-capacity in terms of weight and endurance, Pocketing door systems are very popular, as
(NFRC) operates a voluntary program that tests, there is an opportunity for a large swing door that being able to completely hide the door increases
certifies, and labels windows, doors, and skylights may exceed 70 square feet in a single panel. These the experience of bringing the outside inside, and
based on their energy performance rating. NFRC systems are chosen often for curb appeal as main it also helps to prevent any damage that could oc-
labels can be found on all ENERGY STAR-quali- entry doors to residences but may also be used in cur to the door system while it is closed, such as
fied windows, doors, and skylight products. Two virtually any other application that calls for a large from children running into it with their bicycles.
major categories that are reviewed by the NFRC pivot or French door.
with respect to energy performance ratings are Horizontal Sliding Walls and Operable
Sunlight Transmittance and Heat Gain and Loss. Bifold and Folding Doors Glass Wall Systems
Windows can gain and lose heat via 1) the Glass folding doors provide an opportunity to gain Multiple panel door systems that operate along a
direct conduction of heat through the glass or open views to the outdoors while maximizing the single recessed channel track system are termed
glazing, the frame, and/or door; 2) radiation of opening in situations where there is insufficient horizontal sliding wall systems, and in the case
heat into or out of the room or building; and space for wider swing doors. Folding doors can where they are either framed glass or frameless
3) air leakage through and around the window stack or swing and stack to the interior or exterior. glass, they are sometimes named operable glass
and door panels. The U-factor, solar heat gain They can be used along a single-track system wall system. The tracking system uses multiple
coefficient (SHGC) and air leakage are evaluated and can be constructed of multiple panels with panels to span large openings without having
by the NFRC to measure and rate the energy per- up to 10 panels in one direction. The weight of a to stack the tracks, thus eliminating large jamb
formance of windows, glass doors, and skylights. folding doors panels is carried along the header, widths. Additionally, where there is room, these
The U-factor is the rate at which a product con- which allows for ease of operation, even with systems are often pocketed inside a closet, pro-
ducts non-solar heat flow. The lower the U-factor, large groups of folding panels. Typical folding viding a fully open expanse when not closed.
the more energy efficient the product. doors are available in heights varying up to 144 Horizontal sliding wall systems allow the
The ability of glazing to transmit sunlight is inches and widths up to 42 inches. Most manu- designer to create an operable wall system that
measured and rated according to the visible trans- facturers do not limit the number of panels that can span oversized openings, while allowing the
mittance (VT) and the light-to-solar gain (LSG). can be designed for a system configuration. panel storage in the open position to be mini-
A product with a higher VT rating transmits Thus, a system of folding doors has the poten- mal. Configurations include independent panels
more visible light. The LSG provides a gauge of tial to provide an expansive panoramic view that all stack together when the system is open.
the relative efficiency of different glass or glazing of an outdoor space. Folding doors that offer a They may also be connected similar to a bifold
types in transmitting daylight while also blocking recessed U-channel track can provide a seamless system, however, the hanging wheel sets are
heat gains. For example, window glazing with the transition from the interior to exterior spaces then in the center of the panels to more evenly
newer second-generation low-e coatings are able to that is also compliant with the ADA. To ensure distribute the weight of the panels. Horizontal
Outdoor Living
PERSONIFIED.
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150 EXTERIORS AND OUTDOOR DESIGN EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT
sliding wall systems also provide designers with places to meet others and support social interac- Paul Mackie is known as Mr. Cedar in
the opportunity for panoramic views to outdoor tion, such as at art museums, restaurants, hotels, the building industry and is an expert in the
CONTINUING EDUCATION
spaces. Some systems offer panel heights up to and other large public spaces. properties of western red cedar. In his opinion,
144 inches and widths up to 60 inches per panel Western red cedar is simply one of the worlds
without any limits on the number of panels. SUSTAINABLE WOOD FOR most beautiful woods. No man-made mate-
Some systems can accommodate panel weights EXTERIOR PROJECTS rial can duplicate western red cedars naturally
in excess of 1,000 pounds. When considering materials for exterior applica- luxurious appearance.
tions and outdoor environments, wood from the
Combination Lift and Slide Door Systems western red cedar has long been revered for its nat- Environmental Certifications for
Lift and slide door systems incorporate a specially ural durability and beauty. The botanical name for Western Red Cedar
engineered design and hardware set that allows the western red cedar is Thuja plicata. The name Climate change and impacts made by develop-
the user to both lift and slide the door system. By is derived from thujaplicin, which is a chemical ment are adversely affecting the environment,
using a large leverage handle, the operator engages substance that is found in mature trees and serves and in turn our communities and our health.
a double v-gasket seal at the top and bottom of the as a natural fungicide, thereby preventing the Design teams can significantly reduce these
door to both open and lock the door. The panels wood from rotting. Hence, its durability lies in its impacts by specifying products that have been
in this type of system use their own weight to natural resistance to rot, decay, and insects. verified for improved environmental life-
compress the double v-gasket seals, which creates Western red cedar is also a sustainable, resilient cycle impacts. Products whose manufacture
a completely weather-tight system when in the tree species, as it has one of the widest growth or harvesting reduce negative environmental
down position. When in the up position, the ranges on the West Coast. It grows in lush forests impacts can be certified as environmentally
panels, which can weigh 200 pounds or more, can and mountainsides as well as in many forested friendly. Cedar is third-party-certified envi-
be easily moved with a few pounds of pressure. swamps and stream banks within its range. Ac- ronmentally friendly in the way it is harvested
Track options can include recessed tracks, which cording to the U. S. Department of Agricultures and its forests are managed. Over the past 15
come either with or without a drain channel, and Plant Guide, western red cedar is one of North years, the green building industry has invested
the only visible track is a 3 16-inch rail protrud- Americas great renewable resources. The range of a significant amount of resources to respon-
ing from the finished floor. Thus, the track is western red cedar is essentially in two segments: a sible procurement of forest products. The U.S.
bare-foot friendly. This system is the perfect Coast Range-Cascade Range segment from south- Green Building Council (USGBC) encourages
design choice for very large openings. The fram- eastern Alaska to northwestern California and a the use of construction products and materials
ing is sturdy aluminum construction that allow Rocky Mountain segment from British Columbia carrying environmental product declarations
the large, heavy panels to operate smoothly and and Alberta to Idaho and Montana.3 Although (EPDs) that are calculated through a life-cycle
securely. Lift and slide door systems are available the species is slow growing, it is naturally durable assessment (LCA). LCA is included in LEED v4.
in a variety of profiles and styles. For example, and has one of the longest life spans of any North EPDs contribute to LEED points. They are cre-
they can be installed on curved walls and can be American softwood. According to U.S. Forest Ser- ated according to internationally harmonized
designed to disappear into a pocket, thus provid- vice, this species tolerates shade very well and can standards and are third-party verified, ensur-
ing unobstructed panoramic views. thus survive in forest understories. In addition, U. ing that the results for the product are valid.
Glass window and door products provide a S. Forest Service predictions indicate that this spe- Products with third-party certification (Type
variety of options in the design of indoor and cies growth rates are likely to thrive as accelerated III), including external verification, are valued
four-season rooms, allowing designers to transi- climate change occurs. as one-half of a point for credit achievement
tion from inside to outside. The range of materials Western red cedar also has a broad range of calculation through LEED. According to its
and panel sizes as well as the variety of available aesthetic qualities, making it a popular choice in website, the USGBC recently developed a new
systems provide great flexibility toward creat- design applications. It is pitch and resin free, which pilot alternative compliance path (ACP) credit
ing an interior-exterior interface that capitalizes means that it accepts and holds a variety of finishes. for its LEED rating system. The ACP is designed
on views while creating architecturally exciting It provides both color and texture to projects, as to further advance environmentally responsible
designs. Outdoor rooms and four-season rooms it is naturally imbued with rich tonal properties, forest management and helps to remove the use
provide users and property owners with spaces and the knotty grades of decking and siding add of illegal wood by promoting responsible wood
to relax and support mental restoration as well as textural enhancements to designs. sourcing and chain of custody.
CEDAR IN OUTDOOR DESIGN popular for the fabrication of wood tiles because
APPLICATIONS these woods are so durable. FSC-certified (FSC- CASE STUDY: SCHMIDT
CONTINUING EDUCATION
Aesthetic considerations and human interaction C13454) ip, cumaru, garapa, and massarandu-
are not part of the protocols for life-cycle assess- ba wood tiles could contribute to LEED points
ARTIST LOFTS, ST. PAUL,
ments of products, but these qualities are impor- under Materials and Resources Credit 7 (MR MINNESOTA
tant considerations in design projects. Aesthetic Credit 6 for CS). They could also meet SITES In St. Paul, Minnesota, a developer turned
qualities contribute to what people find attractive Section 5.9 Support sustainability in materials a 147-year-old brewery into a live-work-play
about a place. and manufacturing. community that revitalized its surroundings.
People who like being outdoors on a deck It is important to note that these wood tiles are After sitting vacant for a decade, many
usually like being part of their natural surround- constructed from premium-grade remnants from of the buildings had fallen into disrepair
ings, says Paul Mackie of the Western Red Cedar the flooring and furniture industries. These rem- after attempted remodels from various
Lumber Association (WRCLA), articulating the nants are the waste materials and shorts purchased owners had left them open to the relentless
appeal of natural products as compared to the from other industries so the wood planks are Midwestern winters.
synthetic character of some composites. If thats repurposed content. Thus, these wood tiles comply These artist lofts were targeted to young
the case, choosing a natural product like cedar is with strict regulations regarding extraction, mill- creatives. The building provides a renewed
the way to go. ing, and transport. In addition, it is important that vivacity to the area and creates units with
Cedar is used on a variety of projects from the imported woods used in fabrication of these artists needs in mind, providing wider
small residences to larger commercial and insti- wood tiles comply with the U.S. Lacey Act and doorways to move large pieces of artwork
tutional buildings, and it has been specified as a meet the Brazilian Institute of Environment and and enough square footage in the units for
preferred material on balconies, rooftop decks, Renewable Resources (IBAMA) requirements that workspace.
and exterior facade cladding. Some examples show proof of origin and legal harvesting.7,8 This project was a Multifamily Executive
include the following case studies. Tropical hardwoods are among the preferred 2015 Adaptive Reuse award winner. The
woods selected as a source for many modular property spent two long years being brought
DESIGNING OUTDOORS WITH A wood tiles because these tropical hardwoods back to life with the help of the local Heritage
ROOFTOP DECK contain a rich variety of graining and color- Preservation Commission, the State Historic
One of the ways to expand interior spaces into ation, are exceptionally dense, and are resistant Preservation Office, and the National Park
the outdoors is through a rooftop deck. Rooftop to insects. Modular wood tiles fabricated from Service to honor the buildings iconic history.
decks can provide outdoor rooms for relaxation, tropical hardwoods can be ideal for blending The rooftop deck provides scenic views of
entertaining, and dining on both residential the warm beauty and upscale appearance of real the Mississippi River that are enjoyed by the
and commercial projects. Products used in wood with the durability and low maintenance entire artist community. The architects used
combination for designing rooftop decks in- of the tropical hardwood species, thus providing ip wood deck tiles to provide an inviting,
clude pedestal systems and modular wood tiles. a product that requires minimal maintenance. modern retreat for relaxation. The modular
better-looking home. Its the kind of beauty that can only come from real
wood. Whats more, Real Cedar is naturally resilient
to the elements, long-lasting, and third-party certified
Well actually, sustainable. And were not just saying that because we
Well, actually
Ar chi te ctu re b y
Ra n g r Stud i o with
For more information on specifying Real Cedar realcedar.com
for your next project, contact us today.
Cha rl e t D e si g n
154 EXTERIORS AND OUTDOOR DESIGN EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT
broad footprint provide stability and are usually are 304 and 316. While similar, the amounts of
impervious to freeze thaw cycles. chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) vary slightly (8 to
Pedestals can contain 20 percent post-industri- 11 percent Cr, 18 to 20 percent Ni for 304; 10 to 14
al recycled material and could contribute to Ma- percent Cr, 16 to 18 percent Ni for 316). The pres-
terials and Resources Credits Section 4 as a single ence of molybdenum in 316 makes it the best choice
product contributing to multiple LEED points. for more severe conditions, such as marine, pool,
This also meets SITES Section 5.3: Design for and industrial environments.
adaptability and disassembly, Section 5.5: Use of
recycled content materials, and Section 5.9: Sup- PREFABRICATION OF CUSTOM-MADE
port sustainability in materials manufacturing. STAINLESS RAILS VS. LOCAL FABRICATION
Products that enhance outdoor views while When it comes to visual appearance, stainless steel
A stainless steel cable railing system provides
meeting safety and sustainability requirements provides a sleek, modern look and can be installed panoramic views from this outdoor deck.
are of benefit to the aesthetics and function of a both indoors and outdoors. Creating a beauti-
project, as they can provide the user with a clo- ful, custom-made stainless steel railing system can be used for stairways and to secure outdoor
seup experience of outdoor spaces while ensur- is not an easy undertaking though, as it requires living areas. The railing systems are available in
ing user safety. Railing systems that minimally tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding: a welding skill standard 36-inch, 42-inch, and custom heights for
obscure views are one such product. that requires a fairly high degree of precision residential and commercial use. Local codes will
and expertise on the part of the metal fabricator. dictate the required heights. There are options to
RAILING SYSTEMS TO ENHANCE TIG welding is an arc welding process that uses a powder coat the rails in a choice of colors should
EXTERIOR VIEWS nonconsumable tungsten electrode to create the clients prefer something other than the brushed
Many exterior spaces, such as decks, patios, and weld. In addition, building a custom stainless rail- satin (#4 finish, 80 grit) stainless steel finish. Top
roof gardens, require safety rails to meet code and ing system requires a degree of sophistication and rail styles are available in various geometric shapes
occupancy requirements. Railing systems with a contractor familiar with the materials. Usually and treatments, including elliptical, flat, round,
glass panel or stainless cable infills framed in an all the general contractor subcontracts this work out round with lighting, and wood. Mounting options
stainless steel support structure offer options for to a local metal fabricator who estimates, designs, for the posts include top mount on a deck, stringer
providing safety while minimally obscuring views. fabricates, and installs the rails. The local metal or flat surface, fascia mount (on the side), or core
No other commonly used material can match the fabricator will fabricate much of the railing system drill for concrete installations.
timeless beauty and durability of a stainless steel in its shop, and then, to ensure that everything fits Although there are numerous configurations
railing system. Custom stainless rails enhance the precisely, field adjustments are performed via on- for the structure of the cable, referred to as the
overall beauty of both the indoor and outdoor liv- site cutting and welding. lay, the most common lay for cable infill is 119.
ing spaces, as custom rails can be considered func- There is an advantage with prefabrication in This means that one strand of cable is wrapped
tional artwork. Whereas an original painting or that the railing prefabricator will build out the by 19 strands of cable. This diameter allows for
sculpture can enhance a living space, custom rails entire railing system on paper first. The prefab- minimal visual obstruction, and the lay (119)
are not only beautiful, but they also provide a func- ricator will adjust all the measurements (down minimizes stretch. Although both A304 and
tional use within the space. In addition, cable rail, to a 1 16 of an inch) in CAD, identify and number A316 stainless are commonly used for cable infill,
glass rail, and bar rail infills minimize obstruction the system components, and then perform all of A316 is recommended, as it provides greater
of the surrounding view, thus allowing greater en- the cutting, welding, grinding, and polishing re- resistance to corrosion. A316 is better suited for
joyment of landscape views and the environment. quired to build the railing system. When custom coastal environments, areas around pools, and
rails are prefabricated, the entire railing system heavily salted roadways.
SUITABILITY OF STAINLESS STEEL RAILING ships to the jobsite ready to be installed. Self-in- Electro-polishing the cable will provide an
SYSTEMS FOR OUTDOOR APPLICATIONS stallation by the contractor can result in shorter even greater level of corrosion resistance. There
Ornamental rails add beauty to exterior living railing installation times and lower installation are a variety of fitting options available, with
spaces, and they should be incorporated into the costs. Additionally, because prefabricated custom both adjustable and nonadjustable components,
design at the onset to provide a complete project rails are built in a quality-controlled environ- that will accommodate most cable-anchoring
aesthetic. There are a number of railing styles avail- ment, the metal fabricator does not have to deal scenarios. In most cases, the cables are tensioned
able in the marketplace, including: with on-site challenges and other environmental at the ends by tightening a nut onto a threaded
stainless steel cable railing systems, conditions when fabricating the rails. fitting. This allows for a clean, sleek line.
stainless steel glass railing systems, and
stainless steel horizontal bar railing systems. STAINLESS STEEL CABLE RAIL SYSTEMS Continues at ce.architecturalrecord.com
Stainless steel is well-suited for railing systems Stainless steel cable railing systems are a good
because of its chemical composition. Alloys not solution when designers are looking for modern Elena M. Pascarella, RLA, ASLA is a practicing
found in regular steel, such as chromium and and virtually transparent railing systems. These landscape architect, continuing education present-
nickel, give stainless excellent corrosion resistance. stainless steel cable rail systems provide a linear er, and consultant engaged in a private practice
The origin of the name stainless steel comes from horizontal aesthetic through the use of thin, based in Rhode Island. The firms portfolio can be
the fact that it stained less than it parent metal. highly durable stainless steel cabling. These rails viewed at www.landscapeelementsllc.com.
ADVERTISEMENT 155
PRODUCT REVIEW
Exteriors and Outdoor Design
www.AGSstainless.com www.bisonip.com
www.panda-windows.com/products/by-type/folding-doors www.realcedar.com
156 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT
CONTINUING EDUCATION
Photo courtesy of Technical Glass Products (TGP)
Learning Objectives
After reading this article, you should be able to:
A look at the top five innovations in fire-rated glass and 1. Explain the differences between fire-
protective and fire-resistive glass and
framing, and how they are providing aesthetic and code- framing.
compliant design solutions 2. Describe five main innovations in fire-
resistive glass and framing, and how they
Sponsored by Technical Glass Products (TGP) are expanding design freedom in areas
with stringent fire and life safety code
requirements.
F
rom a purely aesthetic perspective, glass provide defense against fire. As new combina- 3. Discuss performance, fire-rated building
undeniably adds contemporary and sleek tions of fire-rated glass and frames make their codes and how innovative, fire-resistive
beauty to modern buildingswhether its way to the market, design teams can navigate glazing products can help meet more
stringent codes, particularly NFPA testing
a big city landscape of soaring high-rise towers complex code and performance requirements
standards and 2015 IBC.
or mixed-use spaces with generous windows and provide enhanced functionality alongside
4. Identify misconceptions and potential misuse
bringing in natural light to its inhabitants. greater aesthetic appeal and versatility. of fire-resistive glazing products, and discuss
From offices and education facilities to medical When specifying fire-rated glazing products, solutions to ensure maximum benefits.
centers and residential apartment complexes, it is key to understand the differences between
glass has become the go-to choice for designers the terms fire protective and fire resistive (tech- To receive AIA credit, you are required to
looking to create open, light-filled interiors and nically referred to as fire-protection rated and read the entire article and pass the test. Go to
spectacular exteriors with high-design interest. fire-resistance rated). Fire protective simply ce.architecturalrecord.com for complete text
What is not as obvious to the casual observer, means the glazing defends against the spread of and to take the test for free.
though, is the degree to which todays sleeker flames and smoke. Fire resistive glass provides AIA COURSE #K1707B
and more sophisticated glazing assemblies can the same defense against flames and smoke as
EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT 157
CONTINUING EDUCATION
conductive heat.
This course will primarily focus on fire- Stops flames and smoke
resistive glass and framing, their performance, Thin glazing
how they help meet stringent safety codes, and Traditional fire-rated material (wired glass,
ways in which five of the latest innovations glass ceramic, hollow metal steel frames,
narrow-profile fire-rated frames; versatile cover etc.)
caps and finishes; structural silicone-glazed May not exceed 25 percent of the
(SG) fire-rated curtain walls; butt-glazed aggregated length of the wall
fire-rated glass walls; and fire-rated glass floor May not exceed 120 square feet
systemsare changing the future of fire-rated
glass and framing from both safety and aesthetic Note: Products with fire ratings of more
standpoints. than 20 minutes must pass the required
hose stream test.
UNDERSTANDING FIRE-RATED GLAZING
PRODUCTS: FIRE PROTECTIVE VERSUS
FIRE RESISTIVE FIRE RESISTIVE
The term fire-rated glass refers to the com-
plete class of fire-rated glazing products avail- Stops flames, smoke, and radiant heat
able in the market. Within that wide category, (both glass and frames)
designers can choose from both fire-protective Thick glazing
and fire-resistive glazing products. Fire ratings Classified as a wall rather than an
for glass, which are noted on a products label, opening (window)
can range from 20 minutes to 3 hours, with the Both glass and frames must block passage
specified number corresponding to manufac- of radiant heat
turer testing (in accordance with national fire
test standards).
THE EVOLUTION OF
from both sides) indicates that it can prevent custom-tailored framing systems. Fire-rated
a fire from traveling to or from neighbor- frames developed in this way can be much FIRE-RATED GLAZING
ing buildings for its designated fire rating. Its narrower, have crisp edges, and vertical-to- ASSEMBLIES
transparent form allows it to do so without horizontal framing joints without visible Spurred by architects demand for
restricting visibility. weld beads or fasteners. Advanced frames fire-rated materials that maintain
made with thermal insulation and isolation visual consistency with non-fire-rated
VALUE OF BUILDING WITH FIRE-RESISTIVE concepts can even earn fire-resistive classifi- materials, manufacturers set out to
GLAZING PRODUCTS cations. So, now they are still fire-rated but improve the optical quality of fire-
Fire-resistive glazing systems have seen the most also are slender and exceptionally strong due rated glazing. By the late 20 th century,
number of innovations in recent years. This is due to the strength of steel material. they were producing fire-protective
in part because they meet the stringent tempera- These improvements have given us stronger and fire-resistive glazing with color
ture-rise criteria described above and also pass the frames and larger, clearer fire-rated glass lites, and surface quality comparable to
test standards for fire-rated wall construction. The allowing manufacturers to combine the two in ordinary window glass. While these
fact that they are not limited to 25 percent of the a range of different applications in order to cre- tough-yet-transparent materials
total wall area expands design use. ate innovative solutions critical to the industry. proved a significant improvement
Additionally, in the last decade, manufac- For example, designers were once limited to over their wired predecessors, design
turing advances have given rise to new ways to smaller sequences of fire-rated glass, such as doors, professionals quickly realized they
retain fire-resistive glazing, giving profession- sidelites, transoms, and windows. Now, with were only as attractive and functional
als a wide degree of creative design freedom in various fire-resistive glass options and slender, fire- as the framing members holding them
meeting fire and life safety goals, and providing resistive frames at their disposal, they can specify in place. Fire-rated frames that are
effective building compartmentation. full-lite doors, walls, and floor assemblies, as well thick and bulky can cause aesthetic
as glass installations that exceed 25 percent of the discrepancies, impede sightlines, and
TRENDS AND IMPROVEMENTS wall area. This includes sophisticated assemblies, limit transparency.
Numerous fire-rated glass and framing industry such as fire-rated glass floor systems that use a fire- The fire-rated frame problem led
advancements in recent years have set the stage for resistive steel framing grid with fire-resistive glass to advances such as new-generation
innovative solutions to be implemented. Before to serve as a code-approved fire barrier between steel fire-rated frames. Unlike the
we look in depth at some of those key innovations, floors and provide sufficient strength to support bulky, wraparound form of traditional
lets take note of some of the trends and challenges live, dead, dynamic, and seismic loads. hollow metal steel frames, these fire-
that led to the need for those innovations. In addition, fire-resistive glazing products rated frames have a slender profile
Improved optical quality of fire-rated are now multifunctional, providing impact and sleek aesthetic. They are available
glazing has stemmed from a transition from safety, bullet resistance, and even hurricane- in a wide range of narrow-mullion
traditional wired fire-rated glass to clear resistance. profiles that feature well-defined
fire-rated glass that matches the look of corners and crisp edges (rather than
nonrated glazing. Fire-rated glass used to FIVE INNOVATIONS CHANGING THE rounded profiles). Some products
be wired (i.e., it had institutional wires in FUTURE OF FIRE-RESISTIVE GLASS AND can even incorporate custom cover
the glass). As such, the product was simply FRAMING caps and surface finishes to match
not as attractive as float glass and also had While design professionals need to be aware of surrounding curtain wall and door
performance limitations. The wires help both fire-protective and fire-resistive product applications.
hold the glass together under high heat from categories, as previously noted, many recent Although revolutionary, modern
building fires; however, they do not provide industry innovations have occurred within fire-rated frames were only the
high impact resistance. Injuries can result the fire-resistive arena as opposed to fire starting point for innovation. In the
from people breaking through the glass and protective. This is due in part to the fact that past decade, manufacturing advances
getting snagged on the wires. Due to these fire-resistive products pass more codes and give have given rise to new ways to retain
concerns, the 2003 IBC prohibited tradi- designers more flexibility on the whole. fire-rated glazing, expanding the
tional wired glass in hazardous locations The following will highlight five innovative opportunities for design-forward
(e.g., doors, sidelites, windows near the floor solutions in fire-resistive glass and framing building compartmentation. From
in schools, daycares, and athletic facilities). systems, including case studies to illustrate advanced fire-rated curtain wall
In 2006, the IBC extended this restriction each system type. options with a smooth, frame-free
to hazardous locations in all facilities. Over exterior to stunning fire-rated glass
the past two decades, all fire-rated glass Narrow-Frame Profiles floors, design professionals can now
manufacturers have worked on creating new, Modern fire-rated frames have a slender profile select from a number of sleek systems
clearer, larger, oversized fire-rated glazing and sleek aesthetic that allow for smooth visual that carry fire ratings up to 120
that matches the aesthetic of nonrated glaz- integration with neighboring nonrated applica- minutes and pass the tests for solid
ing and provides critical impact safety. tions. Manufacturers are now able to apply walls (ASTM E119 and UL 263).
Fire-rated frame advances have included the thermal insulation and isolation concepts to
transition from bulky, wraparound, hollow these fenestration systems, creating narrow
Source: Excerpted with permission
metal steel frames to narrow steel fire-rated frames that earn fire-resistive classifications.
from Whats New in Fire-Rated
frames. For inspiration, manufacturers start- When paired with fire-resistive glass, they
Glass? by Jeff Razwick, Life Safety
ed looking at how European manufacturers allow for sophisticated, unlimited areas of glaz-
Digest, Winter 2016.
were using precision engineeringthat is, ing in fire separations.
EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT THE FUTURE OF FIRE-RATED GLASS AND FRAMING 159
CONTINUING EDUCATION
have been able to sideline a key design chal- neighboring nonrated curtain wall system
lenge that has traditionally vexed designers in
areas requiring fire resistance: creating and
maintaining visual harmony between fire-rated
and non-fire-rated materials. As previously
stated, historically, fire-rated glazing tended to
have much thicker frames and glass in order to
ensure the required fire protection. Although
functional in blocking fire and keeping people
safe, they lacked the sleek aesthetic commonly
available with non-fire-rated frames. This
created visual discrepancies with neighboring
nonrated curtain walls, windows, and doors.
Fortunately, the advancements weve seen in
fire-rated frame manufacturing offer solutions
to this design challenge. Steel fire-rated frames
that are shaped in an extrusion-like process
similar to that of other advanced steel frames
feature sharp, crisp corners and narrow frame
dimensions, enabling a visual match with sur-
rounding applications.
The sleeker aesthetic of steel fire-rated
frames is particularly beneficial when the
fire-rated glazing is in a highly visible location
and can be readily compared to other building
elements, such as an expansive curtain wall
in an entryway, lobby, or atrium. Crisp frame
profiles can also increase internal viewing
areas and accentuate the external appearance
of modern curtain wall applications, which CASE STUDY: FULTON CENTER TRANSIT HUB,
feature minimalist designs.
Taking integration one step further, some
NEW YORK CITY
manufacturers are now offering SG fire-rated Challenge: Located in the Lower Manhattan Financial District, the 180,000-square-foot
curtain walls. Such systems feature silicone- (16,700-square-meter) Fulton Center integrates ve subway stations served by nine subway
sealed glass that provides a smooth, frame-free lines, and includes retail and ofce space. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority
exterior surface that visually ties with neigh- predicts the center will serve as many as 300,000 transit riders daily.
boring structural SG curtain wall systems (as One challenge of the project was matching the aesthetics of the re-rated curtain walls on
discussed later in the course). the doughnuts upper level and in a prominent elevator core with the non-re-rated curtain
Whatever fire-rated frame is selected to wall system on the doughnuts lower level. To achieve a seamless aesthetic, the designers
match the aesthetic of nonrated systems, it chose a matched curtain wall system.
is important to note fire-rated glass requires Solution: To create matching curtain walls in the Fulton Center, steel framing members
stiffer frame deflection criteria (under wind were used. Steel frames can be roll formed into tubes instead of sheets and shaped in an
load) than nonrated glass. It can also weigh extrusion-like process that allows for a wide range of narrow mullion proles. Because the
between 100 to 350 percent more than nonrat- same manufacturing method can be applied to re-rated frames using steel back members,
ed glass. As a result, design teams may need to it was possible for the re-rated curtain wall to match the slender frame proles of the
increase the framing member size, or reinforce nonrated system used.
smaller profiles, to limit def lection. This is Because the interior spaces are ooded with light, a crucial part of the design aesthetic
particularly important when designing fire- was glazed curtain walls with clean sightlines, says Andrew Anderson, associate principal,
rated curtain walls for exterior applications. Grimshaw Architects. Thats easy enough to achieve with nonrated curtain wall assemblies,
In instances where a larger profile may restrict yet the re-rated curtain walls we used provide the same crisp, modern look.
the design intent, another viable option is to Further maintaining the uniform appearance between the two systems, the manufacturer
reinforce the profiles. worked with the design team to develop re-rated insulated glass units (IGUs) using re-
rated glass with the same decorative custom frit pattern used on the non-re-rated glass.
Continues at ce.architecturalrecord.com
Technical Glass Products (TGP) is a recognized leader in the re-rated glass and framing eld, offering the FireLite
family of ceramic glazing, Pilkington Pyrostop transparent wall panels, and Fireframes re-rated framing. The company
provides AIA-registered continuing education, project consultation, product specications, BIM models, CAD drawings,
and rapid-response quoting. www.reglass.com
160 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT
Learning Objectives
Sponsored by American Institute of Steel Construction | By Barbara Horwitz-Bennett After reading this article, you should be able to:
1. List numerous sustainable characteristics
W
of structural steel.
hile commonly recognized for its states Donald W Davies, PE, SE, president, Mag- 2. Establish an appropriate methodology for
high recycled content, structural nusson Klemencic Associates, Seattle. Its huge comparing the environmental impacts of
steel is a multi-attribute building when buildings can take advantage of this type structural framing materials.
material, the use of which can significantly re- of recycling. 3. Examine the cradle-to-cradle supply chain
duce the environmental footprint of a building. Steels recyclable attributes are only part of for domestically produced and fabricated
The steel industry in the United States recy- the story, as there is a larger storehouse of sus- structural steel.
cles more tons of waste than any other domestic tainability benefits provided by structural steel. 4. Identify strategies for minimizing the
industry, with 81 percent of all steel products Today we know that steel is much more than environmental impacts associated with
being recycled back into new steel products. Of a single-attribute material, and we recognize structural steel.
all steel products, an impressive 98 percent of all the many attributes of steel that contribute to 5. Locate available resources for additional
structural steel is actively recovered and recycled sustainable construction in many ways. information on structural steel
sustainability.
or reused. The result is that the recycled content Consider the following:
of domestically produced and fabricated struc- Domestic structural steel mill capacity
To receive AIA credit, you are required to
tural steel used for structural framing systems is exceeds current and foreseeable domestic de- read the entire article and pass the test. Go to
greater than 93 percent. mand, with more than 75 percent of current ce.architecturalrecord.com for complete text
The production of steel from recycled mate- demand being met by domestic producers. and to take the test for free.
rial can use less than one-third the amount of Hot-rolled structural steel mills in the AIA COURSE #K1707G
energy needed from starting with raw ore only, United States do not use iron ore, coke, or
EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT 161
CONTINUING EDUCATION
resistance to corrosion and deterioration, sum- In a nutshell, if building teams are looking to
marizes Still. reduce their carbon footprint, the real secret in the
Furthermore, the steel industry is actively sauce, says Davies, is in making building choices
working on new technologies and materials, that stand the test of time. Steel solutions can
such as buckling restrained brace frame systems achieve both resiliency and adaptability for the
and high-strength steels, to further lighten future in ways other materials cant on their own,
steel structures. Both of these advancements he asserts. The steel industry has always been
are leading to lighter, more efficient, and more building hundred-year buildings.
sustainable structures, he adds. And it remains true as well that domestically
Pointing out another advantage of steel over produced structural steel is a highly recycled
This beam blank is exiting the caster prior to wood, Alison Kung-Kellerer, LEED AP BD+C, and recyclable material. The recycled content
reheating and rolling into a structural section. associate, Carrier Johnson + CULTURE, San of domestically produced, hot-rolled structural
Diego, notes that steel is noncombustible with a steel is greater than 93 percent. The varia-
limestone as primary feedstock materials; no high melting point, making it fire resistant and tion is the result of small amounts of ferrous
mining operations are required. able to be exposed to view. Wood, on the other and nonferrous materials being added during
Unlike the legacy steel mills of the early 20th hand, most often has to be covered with gyp- the production process to achieve the proper
century, todays structural steel mills have sum wallboard or plaster to be fire resistant, chemical balance for the specific grade of steel
highly sophisticated systems to minimize she explains. Steel is also ductile, rather than being produced.
emissions. They are highly automated, brittle, so it can be used more efficiently than Unlike other materials, such as concrete, which
environmentally conscious neighbors in the concrete when considering seismic forces. is typically down-cycled into road base, steel is
communities where they are located. Steel framing also offers the most long-term 100-percent recyclable, without any loss of the
Steel does not lose any of its metallurgical flexibility in that it easily can be strengthened metallurgical properties. Structural steel is a true
properties when recycled. Consequently, the in the field by welding on stiffening elements cradle-to-cradle building framing material.
quality and properties of recycled steel are should loading needs change over the life of a Of course, its one thing to be fully recyclable,
the same as virgin steel. building, she says. in theory, but another to actually be recovered
Iron is a nondepletable resource, as all steel Another example of the efficient use of and recycled or reused. Industry wise, 81 percent,
can be recycled, and any increase in demand structural steel is that it can be used for both by weight, of all steel products are recovered,
beyond the available supply of scrap can be met the required support of structural loads and as with an impressive 98 percent of structural steel
by the earths abundant supply of iron, which a finish material, according to Tim Keil, RA, recovered for recycling or reuse. This compares
comprises 35 percent of the earths mass. associate principal, Studio Ma, Phoenix. to aluminums recovery rate of 65 percent and a
Structural steel mills recycle all of the water He also adds that the ability to create seam- rate less than 40 percent for wood. Steel, by far,
they use through a closed-loop recycling less members and exploit the materials high has the highest recovery rate.
system. Less than 70 gallons of water is con-
sumed per ton of steel produced.
There are close to 2,000 steel fabricating
firms located throughout the United States.
that detail, cut, drill, bolt, and weld structur-
al steel for building projects, providing local
employment and economic stimulus.
apples and oranges comparison, reports Davies. secondary finishes, and finding opportunities neering using an analytical design tool, not
A better comparison is a long-term goal, but where more than one function is achieved for parametric estimates of material quantities
CONTINUING EDUCATION
our industry is simply not there yet. each material used. Most importantly, looking generated by a simplified LCA tool.
As a case in point, MKA was recently com- for the options that give the greatest chance for Just as a competent structural engineer
missioned for a project where the client wanted the building to remain standing for the longest should be determining material quantities, a
to pursue an all cross-laminated timber (CLT) period of time is key. competent professional skilled and experi-
design. To thoroughly vet the option, MKA cre- On that note, Christopher Alt, RA, princi- enced in the performance of whole building
ated comparative options and analyzed various pal, Studio Ma, Phoenix, states that building LCAs should perform the LCA. This task
options, in detail. In the end, the structural with steel typically results in more openness should not be assigned to a member of the
engineers parametrically combined the options and transparency, taking up less space within design team who is unskilled in the use and
in optimized building choices. the floor plate. Overall, this usually yields a interpretation of LCAs.
Even with the optimized mass timber higher net-to-gross ratio, freeing up more usable At this point in the evolution of whole
frame, it was not a clear, low-carbon winner space within the same footprint. Or, conversely, building LCAs, the comparison of iterative
over efficiently designed composite steel or it allows for smaller buildings with the same designs using similar products and materi-
other frame alternatives, when all comparative amount of usable area. als is much more instructive, reliable, and
building requirements, including acoustics and worthwhile than attempting to compare
vibration, were taken into account, he reports. ADDITIONAL LCA RECOMMENDATIONS buildings with dissimilar materials and
Ultimately, an efficiently designed composite To assist building teams with performing whole products.
steel frame showed a slightly lower total cradle- building LCAs, the following key points are Evaluation of building operating energy
to-grave carbon footprint, but the variability recommended: is best performed outside of the LCA by
between the EPD data didnt allow for declaring While simplified tools that estimate envi- energy professionals using tools specifically
any one winner on a material-only basis. ronmental impacts may be interesting, they designed for that level of analysis.
During design, I would argue that true should not be relied upon to accurately de- Material producers and product manu-
sustainability comparisons are not practical termine the relative environmental impacts facturers should be encouraged to publish
with todays available material information, of two alternative building designs. environmental impact inventories for their
he suggests. The most sustainable solutions, Any whole building LCA comparison must products that clearly delineate the scope
though, will often come from architects and be based on structural quantities deter- and methodology used to determine those
engineers using materials for what they are most mined by a licensed design professional impacts.
efficiently suited, exposing the materials to limit competent in the practice of structural engi- Any comparison of materials, products, or
combinations of materials and products into
Image courtesy of American Institute of Steel Construction
assemblies and/or the whole building should
only be performed when all products and
Electric Emissions materials are using consistent scopes and
Water methodologies.
Power Supply Natural
Gas Rather than rely on a cookbook approach
Electric Arc Ladle Continuous
Scrap Casting Reheating Supply to determining the relative importance of
Furnace
Processing increases and decreases in environmental
Home The
Structural impacts, the design team should evaluate
Scrap Steel Mill Section Rolling
a broad range of impacts in the context of
Pre- global, regional, and local priorities.
The
consumer
Waste Cradle-to-Cradle Life Cycle THE CRADLE-TO-CRADLE SUPPLY
Building
Stream of
Structural Steel Design CHAIN OF STRUCTURAL STEEL
To truly appreciate the sustainability of
Scrap Fabrication structural steel, it is necessary to understand
Collection Construction Waste Fabrication the unique cradle-to-cradle life-cycle journey
Waste it takes, a journey that results in the WorldSteel
Association referring to steel products as the
Post- permanent material in the circular economy.
consumer
Waste Construction/ Continues at ce.architecturalrecord.com
Stream Deconstruction Building Operation Erection
Building Barbara Horwitz-Bennett is a trade press
Energy journalist who has covered the design and
Modication Emissions
and Reuse building industry for the past 17 years. She
contributes regularly to a number of leading
Shown is the cradle-to-cradle supply chain of sustainable structural steel. architectural publications.
The AISC Steel Solutions Center provides a wide range of technical information and support services for building
teams, including information on the sustainable attributes of structural steel. To learn more about structural steel
and sustainability, the Steel Solutions Center can be reached at 1-866-ASK-AISC or solutions@aisc.org.
164 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT
A
(EPDs), and product category rules
t the American Institute of Architects (AIA) Architecture 2030, a nonprofit organization, (PCRs) dictate value choices.
2017 Conference, as a response to the na- began sounding the alarm about climate change 2. Compare competitive materials based
tions unprecedented challenges in the areas with statistics identifying buildings as one of the on lifespan by the amortization of values
over time.
of equity, human rights, sustainability, climate main culprits in the waste of electricity, natural
3. Develop a shortlist of criteria to select
awareness, economic opportunity, and architecture resources, and a major contributor of greenhouse
sustainable building materials based
that strengthens community, 4,436 architects reaf- gas (GHG) emissions. on common attributes like durability,
firmed their own Hippocratic Oath to care for the According to the European Commission, maintenance requirements, and
planet. This recent powerful statement confirms the buildings are responsible for 36 percent of the performance characteristics.
idealism and commitment to making a difference total carbon emissions released into the atmo- 4. Describe the difference between slip
in the world through design. In the past decades, sphere, with urban construction representing resistance and the dynamic coefficient
of friction (DCOF), and specify tiles that
the AIA has taken numerous steps to celebrate and around 60 percent of the extractions of raw mate- can be used in universal design and
encourage advancements in sustainable design from rial in the world, and their consumption of water meet ADA barrier-free requirements.
the Committee on the Environment (COTE) to the is equivalent to 12 percent of the total consumed
AIA 2030 commitment design data exchange. These in developed areas, although this can rise to over To receive AIA credit, you are required to
initiatives are driven by powerful environmental 60 percent in highly urbanized areas. In addition, read the entire article and pass the test. Go
data both from the United States and abroad, which the energy consumed in buildings represents 40 to ce.architecturalrecord.com for complete
text and to take the test for free.
shows that not only do buildings change their users, percent of the total energy consumption of the
but they also can change their communities as well European Union, and within this amount, 70 AIA COURSE #K1707E
as larger surrounding ecosystems. percent is used for heating or cooling.1
EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT 165
Not only architects were paying attention to Ceramic tile is inherently sustainable because it: term gauged as a new term for a thin tile or
alarming data concerning climate change and is manufactured in various levels of slip porcelain product and there is a vast array of new
CONTINUING EDUCATION
the destruction of the planets natural resources, resistance for improved safety on exterior or gauged porcelain and gauged tile products. The
but owners, contractors and manufacturers of interior surfaces; ceramic industry is taking a lead in the midst of a
building products are also engaged. As numerous is made from 100 percent plentiful and natural major change and approach to healthy, sustainable
green building rating systems have proliferated, raw materials; building materials.
each year brings us closer to developing products is recyclable;
that are green from cradle to grave. Industries are remains in service up to four times longer than A LIFE-CYCLE INITIATIVE
beginning to investigate in a life-cycle analysis other products; In Europe, and particularly in Spain, from ancient
(LCA) of their products. LCA requires that a is easily repaired by replacing individual tiles Alhambra to todays architects who are using ce-
producer assess the environmental impacts as- rather than entire installations; ramics in Passive Haus and LEED projects, ceramic
sociated with all of the stages of a products life is easily cleaned and does not require toxic tile has been a prime building material known for
from the extraction of a raw materials through products, such as detergents, waxes, solvents its durability and aesthetics. As a response to 21st
processing, manufacturing, use, repair, main- and shampoos, to maintain, only neutral century environmental initiatives, a new study ti-
tenance, and eventually the re-purposing or cleansers and water; tled Sectoral Life-Cycle Analysis of Ceramic Tiles
recycling of the product (cradle to cradle) rather contributes to improved indoor air and the was initiated in order to offer real and transparent
than the landfilling of materials. reduction of allergies; information about the manufacturing, production,
For decades dismissed as a fad, mere is not absorbent of smoke, paint fumes, con- and material content of ceramic tiles and their im-
tree hugging, and a fashion that would taminants, or other odors; and pact on the environment. This analysis developed
quickly fade, a new building genre is now is chemically inert and inhibits the growth of new sustainability goals for the ceramic industry.
driving a permanent environmentally con- mold, mildew, fungus, and other organisms.
scious sustainability market. The Drive As this industry has investigated sustainability Continues at ce.architecturalrecord.com
Toward Healthier Buildings, a 2016 report initiatives, it has also found new markets. New
by Dodge Data & Analytics, documents the products include advancements in tiles to meet Celeste Allen Novak, FAIA, LEED AP BD+C,
benefits and metrics for measuring healthier universal design criteria, new solid countertops, is an architect, writer, and planning consultant in
building impacts. 2 It reports that 30 percent of half-inch-thick exterior pavers, and large exterior Michigan. Her firm concentrates on sustainability,
all surveyed building owners would like more surface cladding. The industry is now using the universal design, and rainwater collection systems.
transparency on product information. Ac-
cording to this survey, in the next five years,
64 percent of the respondents will expect that
construction materials and construction tech-
niques will enhance air quality.
New approaches to environmentally
friendly buildings will include products that
are labeled with LCA product declarations,
are chemically safe for the environment and
the occupants with no off gassing of harmful
chemicals, and improve environmental indoor
air quality. Professionals and owners will be
requesting materials and processes that find
and maintain a balance between construction
and the environment. The goal expressed in the
United Nations 1987 Brundtland Commission
continues to be a valid mandate. Sustainability
is development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.
A strong global leader, Tile of Spain is the international brand representing 125 ceramic tile manufacturers belonging to the
Spanish Ceramic Tile Manufacturers Association (ASCER). Its objective is to support and promote Spains tile manufacturers and
industry worldwide. www.tileofspainusa.com
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For exhibitions and programs:
www.skyscraper.org
DESIGN
VANGUARD
DECEMBER 2016
FEATURED FIRMS
MOHAMED AMINE SIANA
WAECHTER ARCHITECTURE
STUDIO AKKERHUIS
37
Design
ABRUZZO BODZIAK ARCHITECTS
MAGN ARCHITECTS
FACET STUDIO
2016
ALEXANDER JERMYN ARCHITECTURE
STUDIO ANDREA DRAGONI
YOUNG & AYATA
CUAC ARQUITECTURA
Since 2000, Design Vanguard has showcased
emerging architects from around the world.
For this program, record looks at firms
established no more than 10 years ago that
are demonstrating inventive approaches to
shaping the built environment. Unlike some
years past, when young architects were still
coping with the economic downturn, this
years winners have a robust body of built
work and are making a big impact on the
places where they practice.
Vanguard
GO TO ARCHITECTURALRECORD.COM
FOR EXPANDED COVERAGE
P H O T O G R A P H Y: D O U B L E S PAC E P H O T O G R A P H Y
VILLA Z BY MOHAMED
AMINE SIANA
www.CONSTRUCTshow.com
2017CALL FOR ENTRIES
Record
Products
The editors of ARCHITECTURAL RECORD are currently accepting
submissions for the 2017 Record Products competition.
Manufacturers and designers may submit items introduced in the U.S.
between September 2016 and September 2017. A panel of architects and specifiers will judge the entries on criteria
including innovation, functionality, and aesthetics. Winning products will be featured in the December 2017 issue.
The fee is US$25 per entry. For full details and to submit your entry, visit: architecturalrecord.com/call4entries.
Patterns Contest
Reserve Space Now in the Next
Architectural Record Issue
Classified Section
Promote:
Job Opportunities Books
Consulting Services Recruiting Services
Official Proposals Business Opportunities
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and more
Put your imagination on paper and
start designing. To enter the contest,
To obtain Classified Advertising
visit http://csinc.bz/contest17ar.
information please contact:
Diane Soister at Tel: 646-849-7137
Email: soisterd@bnpmedia.com
Copyright 2017 Construction Specialties, Inc.
170 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD JULY 2017
dates&events
New and Upcoming temporary outdoor installations that provide tations of the allegedly antiquated material.
shade, seating, and water. This years winner, Curated and designed by the founding part-
Exhibitions Jenny Sabin, conceptualized a piece called ners of Boston-based architectural-
Lumen that evolves over the course of the day, design firm ikd, the exhibition highlights
Noguchis Playscapes employing environmentally responsive mate- several U.S.-based projects that showcase
San Francisco rials that emit color and cooling mist during cutting-edge timber technology like cross
July 15November 26, 2017 the day and glow at night. At MoMA PS1. For laminated timber. This progressive material
This exhibition, organized by the Museo more information, visit moma.org. plays an essential role in moving toward re-
Tamayo for the San Francisco Museum of ducing carbon emissions and building more
Modern Art, will revisit artist Isamu Noguchis Temple of Manufacturing sustainable cities. At the National Building
designs for several playgrounds and stand- New York City Museum. For more information, visit nbm.org.
alone play structures. Observing that play- Through August 5, 2017
grounds offer a physical and social interaction This multimedia exhibition traces the travels Frank Lloyd Wright at 150: Unpacking
not typically seen in a museum, Noguchi de- of Helsinki-based design practice COMPANY the Archive
signed public spaces where visitors could (Johan Olin & Aamu Song). The pair journeyed New York City
physically and actively engage with art. to remote sites around the world to learn Through October 1, 2017
Through models, sketches, set designs, and crafting processes unique to particular indus- Marking the 150th anniversary of the Ameri-
archival images, the exhibition will show tries and places. Over the past decade, they can architects birth, this exhibition at the
Noguchis visions for new experiences of art, have collaborated with a variety of communi- Museum of Modern Art comprises approxi-
education, and humanity through play. For ties to rethink the processes and knowledge mately 450 works made from the 1890s
more information, visit sfmoma.org. embedded in these places. The current through the 1950s, including architectural
installation at the Storefront for Art and drawings, models, building fragments, films,
Found in Translation: Design in California Architecture features raw materials, draw- television broadcasts, prints, furniture, table-
and Mexico, 19151985 ings, objects, designs, and process docu- ware, textiles, paintings, photographs, and
Los Angeles mentsas well as a series of frescoes painted scrapbooks, a number of which have rarely or
September 17, 2017April 1, 2018 in situthat structured their research. Visit never been publicly exhibited. Visit moma.org.
This exhibition accompanies a book about storefrontnews.org.
design dialogues between California and
Mexico. The show will focus on four main Lectures, Conferences, and
Hansel & Gretel
themesSpanish colonial inspiration, pre- New York City Symposia
Hispanic revivals, folk art and craft traditions, Through August 6, 2017
and modernismand explore how modern and Pritzker Prizewinning architects Jacques The New York Times: Cities for Tomorrow
anti-modern design movements defined both Herzog and Pierre de Meuron team up with New York City
locales throughout the 20th century. At the Los artist and activist Ai Weiwei for a large-scale July 1011, 2017
Angeles County Museum of Art. For more Cities for Tomorrow explores a question often
installation commissioned for the Park
information, visit lacma.org. considered by architects, politicians, and city
Avenue Armory. Referencing the story of
planners alike: how do the greatest cities suc-
Hansel and Gretel, the interactive exhibit
ceed? Experts, policymakers, developers,
Ongoing Exhibitions explores the meaning of public space in a
creative visionaries, entrepreneurs, and others
surveillance-laden world. For more informa-
come together to identify and assess the formu-
El Helicoide: From Mall to Prison tion, visit armoryonpark.org.
las that lead to flourishing cities and explore
New York City
rapidly emerging challenges. At The Times
Through July 13, 2017 5x5: Participatory Provocations
Center. Visit nytcitiesfortomorrow.com.
This exhibition, which accompanies the publi- New York City
cation of the book From Mall to Prison: El Through September 9, 2017
Architectural Records Record on the Road
Helicoides Downward Spiral, illustrates the his- This exhibition showcases 25 architectural Washington, D.C.
tory of an abandoned project in Venezuela models by 25 young American architects, July 11, 2017
known as El Helicoide. Conceptualized in the curated by Original Copys Kyle May and Kevin records Record on the Road event brings
1950s as a state-of-the-art mall, El Helicoide Erickson. The projects take various approach- together leaders in design to showcase their
was never completed and now remains a ruin es to popular issues, often adopting a stance recent work. Editor in chief Cathleen
in Caracas, mirroring the utopian dreams and on topics like our growing income gap, McGuigan will lead a panel discussion and Q&A
dystopian reality of modernity. At the Center immigration, globalization, technology, sur- on Multifamily Housing Design. A cocktail
for Architecture in New York. For more infor- veillance, and power. At the Center for reception will follow. At The Loft. For more
mation, visit cfa.aiany.org. Architecture. For more information, visit information, visit recordontheroad.com.
originalcopy-nyc.com.
Young Architects Program 2017: IDSA International Design Conference
Jenny Sabin Studio Timber City 2017: Design IS Business
New York City Washington, D.C. Atlanta
Through August 2017 Through September 10, 2017 August 1619, 2017
MoMA PS1 hosts an annual competition that This exhibition explores cutting-edge meth- Industrial design strives to improve mass-man-
fosters innovative architecture by challenging ods of timber construction, which have led to ufactured products through design. Whether
participants to develop creative designs for strong, fire-resistant, and sustainable interpre- the topic be digitization, electrification, au-
171
dates&events
tonomy, or connectivity, industrial designers as well as an emerging understanding of our AIANY COTE Awards
attempt to surmount barriers, leveraging world. Visit eleven-magazine.com. Submission deadline: September 15, 2017
them as elements. This conference formally The AIA New York Committee on the
brings the strategic advantage of ID into the SHOWINGAlternative Designs for Environment established the AIANY COTE
business world, and will feature speakers Museums Awards in 2014 with the goal of redefining how
who sit at the intersection of design and Submission deadline: August 28, 2017 design excellence is evaluated, sharing new
business. At the Atlanta Marriott Marquis. This competition aims to develop a design thinking and techniques, and inspiring cre-
Visit idsa.org. proposal for new ways to experience the mu- ative thinking about design. This years awards
seum. Participants are urged to combine will recognize achievement in designing re-
Competitions considerable programmatic innovation and sults-oriented buildings in the urban context.
design tools to conceptualize a device, piece of Visit aianycoteawards.org
URBAN SOS 2017: hOUR CITY furniture, interior design project, pavilion,
Submission deadline: July 17, 2017 building, or urban plan that is unconventional. Amber Road Trekking Cabins
Presented by AECOM and the Van Alen For more information, visit nonarchitecture.eu. Registration deadline: September 27, 2017
Institute, with 100 Resilient Cities, this The Amber Road Trekking Cabins architecture
global competition challenges multidisci- Duravit Designer Dream Bath Competition competition, in partnership with the Latvia
plinary student teams to propose solutions Submission deadline: September 8, 2017 Nature Conservation Agency, is calling for
to urban issues and support more equitable For its fifth year, this competition invites de- designs for a series of cabins to be situated
access to resources, improve the built envi- signers and architects to reimagine their own along a new trekking path that will span the
ronment, and enrich quality of life. Students bathrooms to feature a range of Duravits top full length of Latvia. The Amber Road trekking
are encouraged to propose policy strategies, collections and design solutions, Luv and path will run along the Baltic Sea beaches,
business models, and other solutions to DuraSquare. The competition also features a allowing hikers to traverse the entire country.
address their chosen challenge, but these Built category, in which designers and archi- For more information, visit amberroadtrek-
proposals must be accompanied by a physi- tects may submit their completed residential, kingcabins.beebreeders.com.
cal intervention at a specific site in a city commercial, small-space, or hospitality projects
within the 100 Resilient Cities network. Visit featuring any Duravit products. For more infor- E-mail information two months in advance to
aecom.com. mation, visit duravit.us. recordevents@bnpmedia.com.
SUBSCRIBE TODAY
www.architecturalrecord.com
175
Advance Lifts Inc 171 Construction Specialties Inc. 13 Ross Technology 141
AGS Stainless 149 CPI Daylighting Inc. 76 Rubbermaid Commercial Products 58, 59
AISC 18, 19, 160 - 163 Doug Mockett & Company, Inc. 63 SAFTIFIRST 61
Architectural Record - AR Social Media 173 Easi-Set Worldwide 27 Skyscraper Museum, The 167
Architectural Record - CEU App 132 Endicott Clay Products 42 Steel Institute Of New York 10
Architectural Record - CEU Build Your Skills 172 Georgia Pacific 50 Sto Corporation 92
Architectural Record - eNews 174 Kingspan Insulated Panels 53 Vitro Architectural Glass 8, 9
Architectural Record - Guess The Architect 38 Landscape Forms-Mi 71 (Formerly PPG Glass)
Architectural Record - 56, 60, 74 Longboard (Mayne Coatings Corp.) 22, 23 VT Industries 72
Record On The Road Lonseal, Inc. 91 Walz & Krenzer, Inc. 137
Armstrong World Industries CV2, 1 Modern Fan Co., The CV3 Western Red Cedar Lumber Association 153
Publisher is not responsible for errors and omissions in advertiser index. R Regional AD
176 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD JULY 2017
snapshot PROJECT
LOCATION
HOTEL MAR ADENTRO
SAN JOS DEL CABO, MEXICO
ARCHITECT MIGUEL ANGEL ARAGONS
P H O T O G R A P H Y: C O U R T E S Y C O N T R O L 4
restaurants, shopping, lounge, and spa spaces within eight white, recti-
linear edifices. As a counterpoint, the architect created a 2,000-square-
foot nestlike enclosure for one of the hotels restaurants, which sits at
the pools center, appearing to float on the water. I needed to create
something opposite of the rigid, concrete buildingssomething circular
and soft, says the architect, so I thought about the form of a cocoon.
Composed of bent steel rods intertwined with twigs from local man-
grove trees, this unusual skin casts lively shadows on the interiors
creamy marble floors. And dont be fooled by its gossamer appearance
the simple structure, according to Aragons, is resilient enough to
withstand the high winds of a hurricane. Alex Klimoski
IC/Air3
: designed by Guto Indio da Costa
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