2010index Siix

This file is licensed to Abdual Hadi Nema (ahaddi58@yahoo.com).
License Date: 6/1/2010
CHAPTER I
COMPOSITE INDEX
ASHRAE HANDBOOK SERIES
This index covers the current Handbook series published by The page reference for an index entry includes the book letter
ASHRAE. The four volumes in the series are identified as follows: and the chapter number, which may be followed by a decimal point
and the beginning page in the chapter. For example, the page num-
A = 2007 HVAC Applications
ber S31.4 means the information may be found in the 2008 HVAC
S = 2008 HVAC Systems and Equipment Systems and Equipment volume, Chapter 31, beginning on page 4.
F = 2009 Fundamentals Each Handbook volume is revised and updated on a four-year
R = 2010 Refrigeration cycle. Because technology and the interests of ASHRAE members
change, some topics are not included in the current Handbook
Alphabetization of the index is letter by letter; for example, Heat- series but may be found in the earlier Handbook editions cited in
ers precedes Heat exchangers, and Floors precedes Floor slabs. the index.
Abbreviations, F37 indoor air cleaning, A45.5 types

Absorbents industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S29.24 air washers, S40.8
liquid, F2.14; F32.3 moisture, F32.1 combination, S28.6
refrigerant pairs, F2.15 Aeration, of farm crops, A23 electronic, S9.1; S28.5, 7; S32.2
Absorption Aerosols, S28.1 evaporative coolers, S40.8
ammonia/water, F30.1, 69 Affinity laws for centrifugal pumps, S43.7 maintenance, S28.8
hydrogen cycle, R18.8 AFUE. See Annual fuel utilization efficiency media filters, S28.5
Licensed for single user. 2010 ASHRAE, Inc.
technology, R18.7 (AFUE) Air conditioners. (See also Central air

chillers, S3.4 AHU. See Air handlers conditioning)
turbines, S17.4 Air faults, A38.5
coefficient of performance (COP), F2.13 age of, and ventilation, F16.4 packaged terminal (PTAC), S49.5
concepts changes per hour (ACH), F16.4 design, S49.5, 6
coupling, F2.15 drying, S23.11 heavy-duty commercial grade, S2.3
double-effect flux, F25.2 sizes and classifications, S49.5
calculations, F2.17 liquefaction, R47.8 testing, S49.7
cascaded, F2.15 permeability, F25.2 residential, A1
cycle characteristics, F2.14 permeance, F25.2 split systems, S2.6
dehumidification, S23.10 separation, R47.17 through-the-wall room units, A1.6
equipment, R18.1 transfer, F25.2 unitary, A1.4
evolving technologies, R18.10 Air barriers, F26.13 retail stores, A2.1
ideal thermal, F2.13 Airborne infectious diseases, F10.6 rooftop units, S2.8
industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S29.17 Air cleaners. (See also Filters, air; Industrial room
refrigeration cycles, F2.13 exhaust gas cleaning) codes and standards, S49.4
ammonia/water, F30.1, 69 gaseous (indoor air) design, S49.1
lithium bromide/water, F30.1, 69 adsorbers, A45.5 features, S49.3
types, F2.16 chemisorbers, A45.6 filters, S49.4
modeling analysis and performance economics, A45.13 installation and service, S49.4
simulation, F2.16 energy consumption, A45.13 noise, S49.4
phase constraints, F2.13 environmental effects on, A45.14 performance, S49.2
representations, F2.15 installation, A45.14 sizes and classifications, S49.1
solar cooling, A33.18, 26; S36.3, 9 location, A45.9 split systems, S48.1
water/lithium bromide technology media selection, A45.10 coil placement, S48.8
components, R18.1 operation and maintenance, A45.14 residential and light-commercial, S2.6
control, R18.6 safety, A45.13 unitary
double-effect chillers, R18.3 sizing, A45.10 air handlers, S48.7
maintenance, R18.7 terminology, A45.5 application, S48.1
operation, R18.6 testing, A45.15 capacity control, S48.7
single-effect chillers, R18.2 types, A45.7 certification, S48.6
single-effect heat transformers, R18.3 industrial exhaust systems, A30.7 circuit components, S48.6
terminology, R18.1 particulate codes and standards, S48.5, 6
working fluids, F2.14 contaminants, S28.1 desuperheaters, S48.4
Acoustics. See Sound industrial ventilation, S28.2 efficiency, S48.5
Activated carbon adsorption, A45.5 particle collection mechanisms, electrical design, S48.7
ADPI. See Air diffusion performance index S28.2 installation, S48.2
(ADPI) penetration, S28.3 maintenance, S48.2
Adsorbents residential, S28.9 mechanical design, S48.8
impregnated, S29.24 safety requirements, S28.12 multizone, S48.4
solid, A45.5; F32.4 selection, S28.8 piping, S48.7
Adsorption standards, S28.3, 5 refrigerant circuit control, S48.6
dehumidification, S23.1, 10 test methods, S28.2 space conditioning/water heating, S48.4
I.1
Copyright 2010, ASHRAE
This file is licensed to Abdual Hadi Nema (ahaddi58@yahoo.com). License Date: 6/1/2010
I.2 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration (SI)

types, S48.2, 4 solar energy systems, A33.16, 18, 26 surface (wall and ceiling), F20.6
unit ventilators, S27.1 subway stations, A13.13 throw, F20.5
window-mounted, S2.3 swimming areas, A4.6 ceiling-mounted diffusers, F20.11
Air conditioning. (See also Central air systems equipment, S19
conditioning) decentralized, S2.1 evaluation, F20.12
airports, A3.9 floor-by-floor, S2.6 air velocity, F20.13
animal buildings, A22.4 forced-air, small, S9.1 exhaust inlets, F20.11
archives, A21 packaged methods
arenas, A4.4 outdoor equipment, S2.8 displacement ventilation, F20.16
atriums, A4.8 rooftop, S2.8 mixed-air systems, F20.7
auditoriums, A4.3 radiant panel S6.1 outlets
automobile, A9.1 selection, S1.1, 8 Group A, F20.7, 10
bakeries, R41 self-contained, S2.6 Group B, F20.8, 10
bars, A3.5 space requirements, S1.5 Group C, F20.9, 11
bowling centers, A3.8 split, S2.6 Group D, F20.9, 11
buses, A9.13 television studios, A3.8 Group E, F20.9, 11
bus terminals, A3.10 temporary exhibits, A4.8 performance, F20.10
casinos, A3.6 textile processing plants, A19.4 performance index, F20.12, 13
changeover temperature, S5.11, 13 theaters, A4.3 return inlets, F20.11
clean spaces, A16 transportation centers, A3.9 space, F20.1
commercial buildings, A3.1; S2.6 warehouses, A3.11 standards, F20.12
computer rooms, A17 wood products facilities, A24.1 system design, F20.9
concert halls, A4.4 Air contaminants, F11. (See also temperature gradient, F20.9
convention centers, A4.5 Contaminants) terminology, F20.2
data processing areas, A17 Aircraft, A10 Air diffusion performance index (ADPI),
desiccant dehumidification and, S23.10 air conditioning, A10.5 A56.5; F20.12, 13
dormitories, A5.1, 8 air distribution, A10.7 Air distribution
educational facilities, A6.1 air filters, A10.4, 9 aircraft cabins, A10.7
engine test facilities, A15.1 air quality, A10.8 air terminals, A56.1
equipment cabin pressurization animal environments, A22.3, 5
outdoor, S2.8 control, A10.6, 8 bowling centers, A3.8
refrigeration, S3.3 performance, A10.2, 4 buildings, S4.1
exhibition centers, A4.5 carbon dioxide concentration, A10.9 central system, A41.2
fairs, A4.8 environmental control system (ECS), communications centers, A3.9
fixed-guideway vehicles, A9.18 A10.2, 4, 6, 8 control, A46.17; S4.17
galleries, A21 air-conditioning packs, A10.4 ductwork, S1.7; S4.10
gymnasiums, A4.5 air-cycle machine, A10.5 equipment, S19
health care facilities, A7 cabin pressure control, A10.2, 4, 6, 8 fixed-guideway vehicles, A9.19
hospitals, A7.2 design conditions forced-air systems, small, S9.7
nursing facilities, A7.14 considerations, A10.2 industrial environments, A29.2
outpatient, A7.13 ventilation, A10.4 in-room terminal systems, S5.10
hotels and motels, A5 engine bleed air system, A10.4 isovels, A56.5
houses of worship, A4.3 load determination, A10.3 kitchen makeup air, A31.15
ice rinks, A4.5 outside air, A10.4 laboratories, A14.9
industrial environments, A12; A29 pneumatic system, A10.4 mapping, A56.5
kitchens, A3.5, 6; A31 regulations, A10.1 occupied zone, A56.1
laboratories, A14.1 heating, A10.4 places of assembly, A4.2
libraries, A21 humidity, A10.9 rail cars, A9.17
mass transit, A9.13 multiple factors, A10.10 retail stores, A2.1
mines, A27 oxygen levels, A10.1, 9 ships, A11.3, 4
museums, A21 ozone concentration, A10.1, 7, 8 sound control, A47.2, 30
natatoriums, A4.6 ventilation, A10.1, 4 systems, A56.1
nightclubs, A3.6 Air curtains, display cases, R15.5 design considerations, A56.1
nuclear facilities, A26 Air diffusers fully stratified, A56.6
office buildings, A3.6 sound control, A47.9 mixed, A56.2
paper products facilities, A24.2 testing, A37.2 partially mixed, A56.8
photographic processing and storage areas, Air diffusion rooms, A56.1
A20.1 air jets terminal boxes, A46.14, 17
places of assembly, A4 angle of divergence, F20.3 testing, adjusting, balancing, A37.3
plant growth chambers, A22.17 Archimedes number, F20.6 textile processing plants, A19.6
power plants, A25.10 behavior, F20.3 zone control, A46.10, 19
printing plants, A18 centerline velocity, F20.3 Air exchange rate
public buildings, A3.1 Coanda effect, F20.6 air changes per hour (ACH), F16.4
radio stations, A3.8 entrainment ratios, F20.5 modeling, F16.22
rail cars, A9.15 fundamentals, F20.3 multizone measurement, F16.6
restaurants, A3.5 isothermal, radial flow, F20.6 time constants, F16.4
retrofitting, contaminant control, R7.9 multiple, F20.7 tracer gas measurement method, F16.5
ship docks, A3.10 nonisothermal, F20.6 Air filters. See Filters, air
R = 2010 Refrigeration F = 2009 Fundamentals S = 2008 HVAC Systems and Equipment A = 2007 HVAC Applications
Composite Index I.3

Airflow reheat, S4.9 air handlers, S4.3
air-to-transmission ratio, S5.12 sequencing, A41.26 buildings, S4.1
around buildings, F24 set point reset, A41.27 constant-volume, S4.10, 12
air intake contamination estimation sound levels, A47.3 control, S4.17
minimum dilution, F24.11 strategies, A41.26 cooling, S4.4, 8
coefficients wind pressure, F24.3 unitary, air conditioners, S48.7 costs, S4.3
computational modeling, F24.9 vibration isolation, S4.10 dehumidification, S4.5, 9
internal pressure, F24.9 Air intakes disadvantages, S4.1
LES model, F24.10 design, A44.1 dual-duct, S4.12
modeling and testing, F24.9 hospitals, A7.2 economizers, S4.7
wind tunnels, F24.10 location to avoid contamination, A44.2 heating, S4.2, 5
patterns, A44.3; F24.1 outdoor, S4.7 humidification, S4.5, 9
RANS model, F24.10 vehicular facilities, enclosed, A13.35 multizone, S4.13
wind Air jets. See Air diffusion primary equipment, S4.4
data, F24.3, 6 Air leakage. (See also Infiltration) single-duct, S4.10
effects on system operation area, F16.15 variable-air-volume (VAV), S4.11, 12
intakes and exhausts, F24.7 building distribution, F16.16 zoning, S4.2
system volume, F24.9 commercial buildings, F16.25 Ammonia
ventilation, F24.7 controlling, air-vapor retarder, F16.17 absorption
velocity pressure (Bernoulli equation), leakage function, F16.14 ammonia/water, F2.18; R18.7
F24.3 measurement, F16.14, 15 ammonia/water/hydrogen, R18.8
through building components, F25.7 Air outlets in animal environments, A22.2, 9
clean spaces, A16.3 accessories, S19.4 properties, ammonia/water, F30.1, 3435, 69
computational fluid dynamics, A39.10 dampers, S19.4, 7 system practices, R2
computer-aided modeling, A16.4 location, S9.4 Anchor bolts, seismic restraint, A54.14
condensers, evaporative, S38.15 selection, S19.2 Anemometers
control, F25; F26; F27 smudging, S19.3 air devices, A37.2
and convection, F25.5 sound level, S19.2 types, F36.16
displacement flow, F16.3 supply, S19.1 Animal environments
entrainment flow, F16.3 surface effects, S19.2 air contaminants
exhaust hoods, A30.3 temperature differential, S19.2 ammonia, A22.2, 9
furnaces, S32.3 types, S19.3 carbon dioxide, A22.2
with heat and moisture flow, F25.12 Airports, air conditioning, A3.9 air distribution, A22.3, 5
laminar, A16.4 Air quality. (See also Indoor air quality) air inlets, A22.6
measurement of, A37.2 aircraft cabins, A10.8 air quality control, A22.2
modeling animal buildings, A22.2 air transport, R27.2
in buildings, F13 bus terminals, A13.23 cattle, beef and dairy, A22.7
hygrothermal, F25.13 diesel locomotive facilities, A13.26 cooling, A22.4
nonunidirectional, A16.3 parking garages, A13.17 design, A22.1
perfect mixing, F16.3 road tunnels, A13.7 disease control, A22.3
pressure differentials, F25.4 tollbooths, A13.25 evaporative cooling, A22.4; A51.14
smoke management, A52.5 Airtightness, F36.22 fans, A22.6
solar energy systems, A33.25 Air-to-air energy recovery, S25 heating, A22.4
terminology, F25.2 Air-to-transmission ratio, S5.12 hydrogen sulfide, A22.2
tracking, A46.9 Air transport, R27 insulation, A22.4
unidirectional, A16.4, 11, 13 animals, R27.2 laboratory conditions, A14.14; A22.9
velocity measurement, F36.14 commodity requirements, R27.2 moisture control, A22.2
and water vapor flow, F25.8 design considerations, R27.2 particulate matter (PM), A22.2
Airflow retarders, F25.7, 8 galley refrigeration, R27.5 poultry, A22.8
walls, A43.4 ground handling, R27.4 shades, A22.3
Air flux, F25.2. (See also Airflow) perishable cargo, R27.1 swine, A22.7
Air handlers refrigeration, R27.3 temperature control, A22.1
all-air systems, S4.3 shipping containers, R27.3 ventilation, A22.5
control, A46.17 Air washers Annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE),
cooling, S4.4 air cleaning, S40.8 S32.8; S33.2
dampers, S4.7 coolers, S40.6 Antifreeze
dehumidification, S4.5, 9 dehumidification performance factor, S40.8 coolants secondary, F31.4
distribution systems, A41.2 heat and mass simultaneous transfer, F6.11 ethylene glycol, F31.4
draw-through, S4.3 high-velocity spray type, S40.7 hydronic systems, S12.23
economizers, S4.7 humidification, S40.7 propylene glycol, F31.4
fans, S4.4, 6, 9 maintenance, S40.8 Antisweat heaters (ASH), R15.5
faults, A38.6 spray type, S40.6 Apartment buildings
filter, S4.8 textile processing plants, A19.4 service water heating, A49.13, 16
heating, S4.5 water treatment, A48.9; S40.9 ventilation, A1.6
humidification, S4.5, 9 Algae, control, A48.5 Aquifers, thermal storage, A34.6; S50.6
location, S4.4 All-air systems Archimedes number, F20.6
mixing plenum, S4.7 advantages, S4.1 Archives. See Museums, galleries, archives,
psychrometrics, S4.4 air distribution, S4.10 and libraries

Arenas finned-tube, S35.1 condensing, S31.3
air conditioning, A4.4 heating equipment, S35.1 construction materials, S31.1
smoke management, A52.12 nonstandard condition corrections, controls, A46.1; S31.6, 7
Argon, recovery, R47.17 S35.3 flame safeguard, S31.7
Asbestos, F10.4 radiant, S35.1 optimization, A41.3
ASH. See Antisweat heaters (ASH) rating, S35.3 copper, S31.3
Atriums Basements draft types, S31.3
air conditioning, A4.8 conditioned, A43.1 dry-base, S31.2
smoke management, A52.12 heat loss, F17.11; F18.30 efficiency, S31.5
Attics, unconditioned, F27.2 heat transfer, F27.2 electric, S31.4
Auditoriums, A4.3 moisture control, A43.2 equipment, S3.5
Automobiles unconditioned, A43.1 gas-fired, S30.5, 11
air conditioners Beers law, F4.16 venting, S34.18
compressors, A9.8 Bernoulli equation, F21.1 integrated, S31.4
condensers, A9.9 generalized, F3.2, 6 modeling, F19.14
controls, A9.8 kinetic energy factor, F3.2 noncondensing, S31.3
design factors, A9.1 steady flow, F3.12 oil-fired venting, S34.19
evaporators, A9.6, 11 wind velocity pressure, F24.3 piping, S10.3
lubricants, A9.11 Best efficiency point (BEP), S43.7 rating, S31.5
receiver/drier/filter assembly, A9.10 Beverages, R39 residential, A1.3
refrigerants beer, R39.1 scotch marine, S31.3
flow control, A9.8 storage requirements, R21.11 selection, S31.5
vehicles, A9.11 carbonated, R39.10 service water heating, A49.25
engine test facilities, A15.1 coolers, R39.11 sizing, S31.6
environmental control, A9.1 fruit juice, R38.1 stainless steel, S31.3

heaters liquid carbon dioxide storage, R39.12 standards, S31.5
controls, A9.8 refrigeration systems, R39.11 steam, S31.1
design factors, A9.1 refrigerators for, R16.2 systems, S10.3
heater cores, A9.5 thermal properties, R19.1 steel, S31.2
ventilation, A9.8 time calculations stokers, S30.17
Autopsy rooms, A8.5, 6 cooling, R20.1 storing, A48.11
Avogadros law, and fuel combustion, freezing, R20.7 venting, S34.18, 19
F28.10 wine wall-hung, S31.4
Backflow-prevention devices, S46.13 production, R39.8 waste heat, S10.3
BACnet, A39.15; F7.18 storage temperature, R39.10 water, S31.1
Bacteria BIM. See Building information modeling water treatment, A48.10
control, A48.5 (BIM) wet-base, S31.2
food, growth in, R22.1 Bioaerosols wet-leg, S31.2
humidifiers, growth in, S21.1 airborne working pressure, S31.1
pathogens, F10.7 bacteria, F11.2, 6 Boiling
Bakery products, R41 control, F11.7 critical heat flux, F5.4
air conditioning, R41.1 fungus spores, F11.2 evaporators
bread, R41 microbiological particulate, F11.6 flow mechanics, F5.4
cooling, R41.4 mold, F11.6 heat transfer, F5.5
dough production, R41.2 pollen, F11.2 film, F5.1
freezing, R41.5 sampling, F11.7 natural convection systems, F5.1
ingredient storage, R41.1 viruses, F11.2 nucleate, F5.1, 2
refrigeration, R16.2; R41.1 origins, F11.1 pool, F5.1
slicing, R41.5 particles, F10.4 Bowling centers, A3.8
wrapping, R41.5 Biocides, control, A48.5 Brayton cycle
Balance point, heat pumps, S48.9 Biodiesel, F28.6 cryogenics, R47.11
Balancing. (See also Testing, adjusting, and Biological safety cabinets, A14.6 gas turbine, S7.18
balancing) Biomanufacturing cleanrooms, A16.6 Bread, R41
air distribution systems, A37.3 Bioterrorism. See Chemical, biological, radio- Breweries
dual-duct systems, A37.4 logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents carbon dioxide production, R39.6
HVAC systems, A37.1 Boilers, S31 refrigeration
hydronic systems, A37.6 air supply, S34.26 fermenting cellar, R39.4
induction systems, A37.5 aluminum, S31.3 Kraeusen cellar, R39.5
kitchen ventilation systems, A31.18 burners, S30.1 stock cellar, R39.5
refrigeration systems, R5.1 burner types, S31.6 systems, R39.7
steam distribution systems, A37.15 carbonic acid, S10.2 wort cooler, R39.3
temperature controls, A37.16 cast iron, S31.2 storage tanks, R39.6
variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, A37.4 central vinegar production, R39.8
Bars, A3.4, 5 multifamily, A1.5 Brines. See Coolants, secondary
BAS. See Building automation system (BAS) plants, S11.3 Building automation systems (BAS), A39.15;
Baseboard units classifications, S31.1 F7.14
application, S35.5 codes, S31.5 Building energy monitoring, A40. (See also
design effects, S35.3 combination, S31.4 Energy, monitoring)
Composite Index I.5

Building envelopes Candy temperature settings, R25.10
ceilings, A43.5 chocolate, R42.1 use, R25.10
condensation, S21.2 manufacture vapor barrier, R25.1
driving rain load, F25.3 chilling, R42.3 ventilation, R25.5, 10
energy conservation, A43.1 coating, R42.4 Carnot refrigeration cycle, F2.6
fenestration, A43.6 cooling, R42.4 Casinos, A3.4, 6
foundations, A43.1 dipping, R42.2 Cattle, beef, and dairy, A22.7. (See also Animal
insulation, F26.2 drying, R42.3 environments)
interface, A43.6 enrobing, R42.2 CAV. See Constant air volume (CAV)
material properties, F26 plants, R42.1 Cavitation, F3.13
museums, galleries, archives, and libraries, refrigeration plant, R42.4 pumps, centrifugal, S43.9
A21.12 storage valves, S46.2
roofs, A43.5 humidity, R42.7 CBRE. See Chemical, biological, radiological,
structural failure, from moisture, F25.14 temperature, R42.6 and explosive (CBRE) incidents
thermal bridges Capillary action, and moisture flow, F25.8 Ceiling effect. See Coanda effect
design recommendations, A43.10 Capillary tubes Ceilings
heat transfer, A43.8 capacity balance, R11.25 air movement, A43.6
mitigation of, A43.9 characteristic curve, R11.25 insulation, A43.5
thermal bridges, F25.7 pressure-reducing device, R11.24 moisture control, A43.6
thermal mass, A43.11 restrictor orifice, S22.2 sound correction, A47.25
U-value, F25.7 selection, R11.26 sound transmission, A47.30
walls, residential, A43.3 Carbon dioxide natural ventilation, F16.13
Building information modeling (BIM), A39.11 in aircraft cabins, A10.9 Central air conditioning, A41. (See also Air
Building materials, properties, F26 in animal environments, A22.2 conditioning)
Building thermal mass combustion, F28.1, 11 Central plants

charging and discharging, A34.15; S50.15 greenhouse enrichment, A22.14 boiler, S11.3
effects of, A34.14; S50.14 liquefaction, R39.7 chiller, S11.1, 4
precooling, A41.28 measurement, F36.23 distribution design, S11.5
Burners refrigerant, R3.1 district heating and cooling, S11.3
air supply, S34.26 storage, R39.12 emission control, S11.4
controls, S30.20 Carbon emissions, F34.6 heating medium, S11.3
conversion, S30.4, 6 Carbon monoxide hotels and motels, A5.7
dual-fuel gas/oil, S30.14 analyzers, A13.9, 10 thermal storage, S11.4
gas-fired, S30.3 health effects, F10.11 Central systems
altitude compensation, S30.10 parking garages, A13.17, 18 cooling and heating, S3.1
combustion and adjustments, S30.20 road tunnels, A13.7 features, S1.3
commercial, S30.6 tollbooths, A13.25 furnaces, S32.1
industrial, S30.6 Cargo containers, R25 humidifiers, S21.5
residential, S30.5 airborne sound, R25.7 residential forced air, S9.1
venting, S34.18 air circulation, R25.3 space requirements, S1.5
oil-fired, S30.11 ambient design factors, R25.6 ventilation, with in-room terminal systems,
commercial, S30.12 commodity precooling, R25.10 S5.2
fuel control, R25.5, 11 Cetane number, engine fuels, F28.8
handling system, S30.15 controlled atmosphere, R25.5 CFD. See Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
preparation system, S30.16 costs, owning and operating, R25.9 Charging, refrigeration systems, R8.4
storage, S30.14 design, R25.1 Chemical, biological, radiological, and
industrial, S30.12 equipment explosive (CBRE) incidents, A58
residential, S30.11 attachment provisions, R25.3 biological events, A58.4
venting, S34.19 design and selection factors, R25.6, 8 building envelope as protection, F16.11, 18
venting, S34.18, 19 operating economy, R25.7 chemical agent types, A58.1
Buses qualification testing, R25.8 gases and vapors, A58.3
air conditioning, A9.13 selection, R25.9 incapacitating, A58.2
garage ventilation, A13.20 system application factors, R25.8 irritants, A58.2
Bus terminals types, R25.3 toxic, A58.2
air conditioning, A3.10 heating only, R25.5 chemical events, A58.1
physical configuration, A13.22 insulation barrier, R25.1 explosive events, A58.5
ventilation load calculations, R25.8 design considerations, A58.6
equipment, A13.31 maintenance, R25.11 loading description, A58.5
operation areas, A13.23 mechanical cooling and heating, R25.3 general guidelines, A58.1
control, A13.24 operations, R25.10 HVAC system design, A58.7
effects of alternative fuel use, A13.23 qualification testing, R25.8 radiological events, A58.4
platforms, A13.22 safety, R25.7 risk evaluation, A58.7
Butane, commercial, F28.5 sanitation, R25.3 Chemical plants
CAD. See Computer-aided design (CAD) shock and virbration, R25.6 automation, R46.3
Cafeterias space considerations, R25.10 energy recovery, R46.4
air conditioning, A3.4 storage effect cooling, R25.5 flow sheets, R46.1
service water heating, A49.13, 19 system application, R25.8 instrumentation and controls, R46.8
Calcium chloride brines, F31.1 temperature-controlled transport, R25.1 outdoor construction, R46.4

piping, R46.8 liquid heads, S42.3 cooling, A16.14
pumps, R46.8 load distribution, A41.21 energy conservation, A16.16
refrigeration maintenance, S42.5, 12, 15 fire safety, A16.14
compressors, R46.6 marine water boxes, S42.3 high-bay, A16.13
condensers, R46.6 noise generation, A47.10; S42.11 humidity control, A16.14
cooling towers, R46.8 optimization, A46.5 makeup air, A16.14, 16
equipment, R46.3, 6 prerotation vanes, S42.4, 9 noise control, A16.17
evaporators, R46.7 reciprocating operation, A16.17
load, R46.2 components, S42.5 particle sources, A16.3
safety requirements, R46.2 control, S42.7 pharmaceutical
spray ponds, R46.8 equipment, S42.5 aseptic, A16.7
systems, R46.1, 5 performance, S42.6 start-up, A16.9
safety requirements, R46.2 refrigerant selection, S42.6 biomanufacturing, A16.6
specifications, R46.1 selection methods, S42.7 contaminant control, A16.8
tanks, R46.8 refrigeration cycle, S42.1 control and monitoring, A16.9
Chemisorption, A45.6 screw design, A16.7
Chilled water (CW) applications, S42.15 isolators, A16.9
combined heat and power (CHP) distribution, capacity control, S42.14 nonaseptic, A16.9
S7.44 components, S42.13 unidirectional hoods, A16.8
district heating and cooling, S11.4, 19, 32 equipment, S42.13 pressurization, A16.15
optimal temperature, A41.17 maintenance, S42.15 process exhaust, A16.14, 16
pumping system, A41.2, 6, 17 performance, S42.14 semiconductor, A16.11
pump sequencing, A41.16, 20 selection methods, S42.3, 7, 10 system sizing and redundancy, A16.15
reset, A41.16, 17 sequencing, A41.6, 20, 23 temperature control, A16.14
systems, S12.1, 17 standards, S42.5 terminology, A16.1

central plant, A37.14 subcooling, S42.1 testing, A16.6
heat transfer vs. flow, A37.7 and turbines, S17.4 vibration control, A16.17
one-pipe, S12.19 vapor compression model, F19.15 Clear-sky solar radiation, calculation, F14.7
testing, adjusting, balancing, A37.8 variable-flow, S42.2 Climate design information, F14
two-pipe, S12.19 variable-speed, S42.4, 10 Clothing
thermal storage, A34.4; S50.4 vibration control, A47.12; S42.11 insulation, clo units, F9.8
water treatment, A48.10 walk-in, R16.3 moisture permeability, F9.8
Chillers Chilton-Colburn j-factor analogy, F6.7 CLTD/CLF. See Cooling load temperature
absorption, S3.4 Chimneys, S34 differential method with solar cooling load
ammonia/water, R18.7 accessories, S34.28 factors (CLTD/CLF)
heat-activated, S7.39 capacity calculation examples, S34.12 Coal
water/lithium bromide, R18.2 caps, S34.30 classification, F28.8
blast, R16.3 codes, S34.32 handling facilities, A25.6, 9
central plants, A46.4; S11.1, 4 design equations, S34.3 heating value, F28.9
centrifugal draft, S34.1 stokers, S30.17
air-cooled, S42.12 available, S34.1, 3 types, F28.8
controls, S42.11 theoretical, S34.2, 3 Coanda effect, A31.2; F20.6; S19.2
equipment, S42.8 fireplace, S34.1, 20 Codes, R51. (See also Standards)
fouling, S42.11 flue gas, S34.1 air conditioners, room, S49.4
free cooling, S42.12 functions, S34.2 air distribution, A56.1
hot-gas bypass, S42.10 gas, appliance venting, S34.18 boilers, S31.5
maintenance, S42.12 masonry, S34.18, 20 building codes, S18.1
purge units, S42.11 materials, S34.26 chimneys, fireplaces, and gas vents, S34.32
rating, S42.10 standards, S34.27, 32 condensers, S38
refrigerant terminations, S34.30 evaporative, S38.18
selection, S42.8 wind effects, S34.3, 30 water-cooled, S38.7
transfer units, S42.12 Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), coolers, liquid, S41.4
selection methods, S42.10 A32.6 data processing, A17.15
temperature lift, S42.10 Chocolate, R42.1. (See also Candy) dehumidifiers, room, S24.3
control, A46.4 Choking, F3.13 duct construction, S18.1
capacity, S42.4, 14 CHP systems. See Combined heat and power electrical, A55.15
considerations, S42.11 (CHP) furnaces, S32.10
regulating, S42.4 Cinemas, A4.3 makeup air units, S27.9
safety, S42.4 Claude cycle, R47.8 motors, S44.2
costs, S42.3 Cleanrooms. See Clean spaces nuclear facilities, A26.10
direct expansion, R1.26; S42.1 Clean spaces, A16 piping, S45.6
economizing, S42.1 aerospace, A16.13 Coefficient of performance (COP)
expansion turbines, S42.1 air filters, A16.3, 8, 11 absorption, F2.13
faults, A38.5 airflow, A16.3, 4, 11, 13 compressors, S37.2
flash, S42.1 applications, A16.2 economic (ECOP), combined heat and power
heat recovery, S42.2 biomanufacturing cleanrooms, A16.6 (CHP), S7.50
injection, S42.1 construction, A16.17 refrigeration, F2.3, 13
liquid-chilling systems, S42 contaminant control, A16.3, 8 room air conditioners, S49.2
Composite Index I.7

Cogeneration. See Combined heat and power packaged systems, S7.3 analysis, F36.32
(CHP) peak shaving, S7.4 burners
Coils prime movers gas, S30.20
air-cooling, S4.8 fuel cells, S7.22 oil, S30.11
airflow resistance, S22.6 selection, S7.4 control, S30.2
applications, S22.1, 4 thermal output, S7.33 efficiency boilers, S31.5
aqueous glycol coils, S22.2 turbines industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S29.27
construction and arrangement, S22.1 combustion, S7.18, 46 venting, S34.1
control, A46.7; S22.3 steam, S7.25, 47 Combustion turbine inlet cooling (CTIC),
direct-expansion coils, S22.2 thermal energy storage, S7.40 S7.20; S17.1
fluid flow arrangement, S22.3 utilization systems thermal storage, A34.17; S50.17
heat transfer, S22.6 air, S7.43 Comfort. (See also Physiological principles,
load determination, S22.14 district heating and cooling, S7.43 humans)
maintenance, S22.15 hydronic, S7.43 environmental indices, F9.20
performance service hot water, S7.43 environmental parameters
cooling and dehumidifying, S22.9 vibration control, foundations, S7.15 air velocity, F36.29
cooling-only, S22.7 Combustion, F28 asymmetric thermal radiation, F9.14
rating, S22.6 air pollution, F28.14 draft, F9.14
refrigerant coils, S22.2 air required for, F28.10 floor temperature, F9.15
selection, S22.5 altitude compensation, F28.3 radiant temperature, F9.11
on ships, A11.4 calculations vertical air temperature difference, F9.15
water coils, S22.2 air required for, F28.10 humidity, F25.14; F36.29; S21.1
air-heating, S26.1 carbon dioxide, theoretical, F28.11 local discomfort, F9.14
aqueous glycol, S26.2 efficiency, F28.12 nonuniform conditions, F9.14
construction, S26.1 flue gas predicted mean vote (PMV), F9.17; F36.30
design, S26.1 dew point, F28.12 predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD), F9.17
electric, A46.3; S26.3 loss, F28.14 productivity, F9.13
installation, S26.4 quantity produced, F28.11 radiant heating, A53.3
maintenance, S26.5 water vapor in, F28.12 special environments
rating, S26.3 coals extreme cold, F9.25
refrigerant, S26.3 characteristics, F28.9 hot and humid environments, F9.24
selection, S26.3 classification, F28.9 infrared heating, F9.23
shipboard, A11.4 heating value, F28.9 radiant heating, comfort equations, F9.24
steam, A46.2; S26.1 types, F28.8 steady-state energy balance, F9.16
water, A46.2; S14.8; S26.2 condensation in, F28.16 two-node model, F9.18
condensers, S38 continuous, F28.2 task performance, F9.13
evaporative, S38.15 corrosion in, F28.16 thermal sensation scale, F9.11
dehumidifying, S22.1 diesel fuel, F28.7 zones, F9.19; F10.12
desuperheating, S38.17 efficiency, F28.12 Commercial and public buildings
energy recovery loops, S25.11 engine fuels, cetane number, F28.8 air leakage, F16.25
halocarbon refrigeration systems, R1.27 excess air, F28.10 airports, A3.9
heat and mass simultaneous transfer, flammability limits F28.1 bars, A3.4, 5
F6.12 fuel oils, F28.6 bowling centers, A3.8
heat reclaim, S26.3 gaseous fuels burners
preheat, S4.8 illuminants, F28.10 gas, S30.3, 6
reheat, S4.9; S26.2 liquefied petroleum gas, F28.5 oil, S30.12
Colburns analogy, F4.17 natural gas, F28.5 bus terminals, A3.10
Colebrook equation types and properties, F28.5 cafeterias, A3.4
friction factor, F21.6 gas turbine fuel, F28.7 casinos, A3.4, 6
pressure drop, F22.1 heating value, F28.3 central cooling systems, A41.1
Collectors, solar, A33.6, 11, 23, 25; S36.3 ignition temperature, F28.2 communications centers, A3.8
(See also Solar energy) illuminants, F28.10 ducts
Colleges and universities, A6.10 liquid fuels, F28.6 construction, S18.2
Combined heat and power (CHP), S7 engines, F28.7 design, small applications, S9.10
economic feasibility, S7.49 noise, F28.17 furnaces, S32.5
estimate, S7.50 oscillation, F28.17 garages, A3.10
load duration curve, S7.50 pollution, F28.14 general criteria, A3.1
two-dimensional, S7.52 principles, F28.1 humidifiers, S21.6
simulation, S7.53 pulse, F28.2 ice rinks, R44
electrical systems, S7.44 reactions, F28.1 kitchen ventilation, A31.1
expansion engines/turbines, S7.31 resonance, F28.17 load characteristics, A3.1
heat-activated chillers, S7.39 solid fuels, F28.8 malls, A2.6
heat recovery soot, F28.17 nightclubs, A3.4, 6
engines, S7.33, 34 sound, F28.17 office buildings, A3.6
turbines, S7.37 stoichiometric, F28.1 restaurants, A3.4, 5
load profiling, S7.4 types, F28.1 retail facilities, A2.1
maintenance, S7.17 Combustion air systems service water heating, A49.11
modular systems, S7.3 air required, S34.26 ship docks, A3.10

transportation centers, A3.9 bearings, S37.7, 10 building information modeling (BIM),
warehouses, A3.11 capacity control, S37.11 A39.11
Commissioning, A42 crankcase, R1.33 combined heat and power (CHP), S7.53
acceptance, A42.7 features, S37.9 computational fluid dynamics, A39.10
construction, A42.6 lubrication, S37.10 computer-aided design (CAD), A39.11
control systems, F7.18 parallel, R2.11 duct design, A39.6
costs, A42.10 performance, S37.8 equipment selection and simulation,
desiccant dehumidifiers, S23.7 special devices, S37.11 A39.8
design, A42.5; A46.23 types, S37.7 load calculations, A39.5
existing buildings, A42.1, 11 valves, S37.10 piping design, A39.7
in integrated building design, A57.8 rotary, R2.12; S37.11, 14 refrigerant properties, A39.12
laboratories, A14.19 bearings, S37.13 smoke control analysis, A52.12, 13
makeup air units, S27.9 screw, S7.46 ventilation, A39.12
new construction, A42.1 lubricant cooling, R2.14 road tunnel, A13.2
objectives, A42.2 single, S37.14 equipment, A39.8
occupancy and operations, A42.10 bearings, S37.14 graphics, A39.11
owners project requirements (OPR), A42.2 capacity control, S37.17 hardware, A39.1
predesign, A42.4 compression process, S37.14 HVAC simulation, A39.9
pumps, centrifugal, S43.13 economizers, S37.16 Internet, A39.16
recommissioning, A42.1, 10 lubrication, S37.15 modeling, F7.20
retrocommissioning, A42.1, 11 noise and vibration, S37.18 monitoring and control, A39.15
team, A42.3 oil-injected, S37.15 networking components, A39.13
test procedures, A42.8 performance, S37.18 peripherals, A39.5
Communications centers, A3.8 volume ratio, S37.16 smoke control analysis, A52.12, 13
Compressors, S37 twin, S37.19 software, A39.2

air conditioners, room, S49.2 bearings, S37.20 antispyware, A39.2
ammonia refrigeration systems, R2.2 capacity control, S37.20 custom programming, A39.4
bearings compression process, S37.19 development tools, A39.4
centrifugal, S37.36 hermetic, S37.23 energy analysis, F19.3
reciprocating, S37.7, 10 lubrication, S37.22 firewall, A39.2
rotary, S37.13 volume ratio, S37.21 graphics, A39.3
scroll, S37.23 scroll, S37.23 HVAC, A39.5
single-screw, S37.14 bearings, S37.25 readymade, A39.4
twin-screw, S37.20 capacity control, S37.25 road tunnel, A13.2
centrifugal, S7.45 efficiency, S37.26 terminology, A39.2
angular momentum, S37.29 variable-speed, S37.26 utilities, A39.2, 12
bearings, S37.36 trochoidal (Wankel), S37.27 supervisory control, A39.15
capacity control, S37.33 Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), F13.1 World Wide Web, A39.17
critical speed, S37.34 assessing predictions, F13.11 Concert halls, A4.4
design, S37.35, 36 boundary conditions for Concrete
drivers, S37.35 inlet, F13.6 cooling, R45.1
efficiency, S37.32 outlet, F13.7 pozzolanic admixtures, R45.1
isentropic analysis, S37.30 reporting, F13.13 selection, R45.1
lubrication, S37.36 sources/sinks, F13.8 thermal design, R45.4
Mach number, S37.31 surfaces, F13.7 water heating for, A49.23
noise, S37.5, 23, 34 symmetry, F13.8 Condensate
paralleling, S37.35 walls, F13.7 steam systems, F22.13; S10.6; S11.7, 19
polytropic analysis, S37.30 considerations, F13.9 water treatment, A48.11
refrigeration cycle, S37.28 grids, F13.4 Condensation
surging, S37.33 mathematical approaches, F13.1 in building components, F25.14
testing, S37.32 meshing, F13.4 in combustion systems, F28.16
turbocompressors, S37.28 reporting, F13.9, 13 concealed, S21.3
variable-speed, S37.33 steps, F13.9 control, with insulation, F23.3
vibration, S37.34 turbulence modeling, F13.3 dew-point analysis, F25.13
chemical industry refrigeration, R46.6 validation, F13.9, 10 dropwise, F5.8
drives, R2.2 verification, F13.9 energy recovery equipment, S25.7
dynamic, S37.1 viscosity modeling, F13.10 film, F5.8
engine-driven, S7.45 Computer-aided design (CAD), A16.4; A39.11 heat transfer coefficients, F5.9
halocarbon refrigeration systems, R1.24 Computers, A39 interstitial, and drying, F25.13
heat pump systems, S8.6 abbreviations for programming, F37.1 noncondensable gases, F5.10
motors, S37.6; S44.4 BACnet, A39.15; F7.18 with oil, F5.11
noise generation, A47.10 building automation systems (BAS), A39.15 oil-fired appliances, S34.19
operation and maintenance, S37.36 computational fluid dynamics, A13.2; prevention, dehumidification for, S23.10
orbital, S37.23 A39.10; A52.14 surface, F25.2, 12
positive-displacement, S37.6 computer-aided design (CAD), A16.4; A39.11 in tubes, F5.8
performance, S37.2 for control, F7.4, 10, 20 visible, S21.2
reciprocating, S7.45; S37.7 design tools Condensers, S38
application, S37.11 acoustic calculations, A39.8 air conditioners, room, S49.2
Composite Index I.9

air-cooled, R15.16; S38.8, 11 foods, R19.9 fogs, F11.1, 3
control, S38 soils, F26.12 fumes, F11.1
air-side, S38.12 Constant air volume (CAV) measurement, F36.32
low-pressure-drop, S38.11 control, A41.2 mists, F11.1, 3
refrigerant-side, S38.11 supply air temperature reset, A41.27 pollen, F11.6
installation, S38.13 versus variable-air-volume (VAV), A14.12 polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC),
machine room, R15.17 Constant-volume, all-air systems F10.5
maintenance, S38.13 dual-duct, S4.12 radioactive, F11.19
noise, R15.18 single-duct, S4.10 size distribution, F11.4
rating, S38.11 terminal units, S4.16 smogs, F11.1, 3
remote from compressor, R15.17 Construction. (See also Building envelopes) smokes, F11.1
types, S38.8 curtain wall, F15.5 suspended particles, counters, F11.6
ammonia refrigeration systems, R2.2 glass block wall, F15.19 synthetic vitreous fibers, F10.5
horizontal shell-and-tube, R2.16 in integrated building design, A57.7, 8 ultrafine, F11.3
parallel horizontal shell-and-tube, R2.16 Containers. (See also Cargo containers) refrigerant systems, R7.1
piping, R2.15 air transport, R27.3 dirt, R7.6
cascade, R5.1 marine transport, R26.2 field assembly, R7.8
chemical industry refrigeration, R46.6 Contaminants filter-driers, R7.6
in chillers, S42.6, 8, 13 clean spaces, A16.3, 8 generation by high temperature, R6.9
circuiting, S38.5 food, R22.1 lubricants, R7.7
evaporative, R15.17; S38.14 gaseous metallic, R7.6
airflow, S38.15 combustion, F28.14; S29.27 moisture, R7.1
capacity control, S38.18 concentration, indoor, measurement, motor burnout, R7.8, 8
codes, S38.18 A45.4 noncondensable gases, R7.7
coils, S38.15 control, A45.5; F11.14 residual cleaning agents, R7.7

desuperheating, S38.17 adsorption, A45.5; S29.24 sludge, tars, and wax, R7.7
wetting method, S38.15 catalysis, A45.7 solvents, R7.7
freeze prevention, S38.16 chemisorption, A45.6 special system characteristics, R7.9
heat transfer, S38.14 desiccant dehumidification, S23.10 textile processing, A19.7
liquid subcoolers, S38.17 dilution ventilation, A45.5 Continuity, fluid dynamics, F3.2
location, R2.17; S38.16 hoods and local exhaust, A45.5 Control. (See also Controls, automatic;
maintenance, S38.18 incineration, S29.27 Supervisory control)
multicircuiting with liquid coolers, S38.17 source elimination, A45.5 absorption units, R18.6, 9
multiple-condenser installations, S38.16 wet-packed scrubbers, S29.18 air-cooled condensers, S38.11
purging, S38.18 environmental tobacco smoke (ETS); aircraft cabin pressure, A10.6, 8
rating, S38.16 F11.2 air-handling systems, A41.26; A46.9
standards, S38.18 flammable, F11.18 all-air systems, S4.17
water, S38.18 indoor air, F11.16 authority, F7.7
halocarbon refrigeration systems industrial, F11.16 automobile air conditioning, A9.8
air-cooled, R1.33 inorganic, F11.14 biological growth, A48.5
evaporative, R1.32 measurement, A45.4; F11.10; F36.31 boilers, A46.1; S31.6
piping, R1.23 nuclear facilities, A26.3, 5, 7 building pressurization, A46.8
pressure control, R1.32 outdoor air, F11.15 burners, S30.19
water, R1.32 ozone, A45.12 bus terminal ventilation, A13.24
retail food store refrigeration, R15.16 polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC), central air conditioning, A41.1
water-cooled, S38.1 F10.5 chemical plants, R46.3
circuiting, S38.5 radioactive, F11.19 chilled-water pumps, A41.6, 16, 17
codes, S38.7 radon, A45.12; F10.17 chillers, A41.20
Darcy-Weisbach equation, S38.4 soil gases, F11.20 combustion turbines, S7.22
fouling factor, S38.4 vapors, flammable, F11.18 components, F7.4
heat removal, S38.1 volatile organic compounds (VOC), condensers, S38
cooling tower, S13.1 F11.11 evaporative, S38.18
once-through, S13.1 health effects, F10.9 cooling, S6.20
heat transfer, S38.2 total (TVOC), F11.13 coils, A46.7; S22.3
liquid subcooling, S38.5 indoor, concentration prediction, F13.16 tower fans, A41.12, 16
maintenance, S38.7 organism destruction, R22.4 towers, A46.5
noncondensable gases, S38.6 particulate corrosion, A48.2, 9
pressure drop, S38.4 aerosols, S28.1 dehumidifying coils, S22.3
standards, S38.7 asbestos, F10.4 design principles
types, S38.5 classification, F11.1 building and mechanical subdivision,
Conductance, thermal, F4.3; F25.1 coarse, F11.2 A46.21
Conduction collection mechanisms, S28.2; S29.10, 15 controlled area size, A46.23
display cases, R15.4 combustion, F28.14 energy conservation, A46.21
steady-state, F4.3 dusts, S28.1 load matching, A46.23
thermal, F4.1, 3 combustible, F11.18 sensor location, A46.23
Conductivity, thermal, F25.1; F26.4 environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), system selection, A46.22
apparent, F25.1; F26.4 F11.2 economizers, A46.2, 12
of thermal insulation, F26.4 fine, F11.3 electric heating slabs, S6.20

energy recovery equipment, S25.7, 11 zone valves, S10.13 static pressure, A46.8, 21
engines, S7.15 Controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage switches, R11.1
fans, A46.7; S20.9 apples, R35.3 systems, F7.1
air volume, S44.8 apricots, R35.13 terminology, F7.1
fire, A52.1 berries, R35.13 testing, A37.16
fixed-guideway vehicle air conditioning, cherries, sweet, R35.12 transducers, pressure, R11.4
A9.18 figs, R35.13 tuning, F7.3, 18, 19
forced-air systems, small, S9.3 grapes, R35.8 two-position, F7.2
fundamentals, F7 nectarines, R35.12 valves, F7.4
furnaces, S32.2, 5 peaches, R35.12 actuators, F7.6
gaseous contaminants, A45.1 pears, R35.6, 7 flow characteristics, F7.5
heaters, S33.2, 4 plums, R35.11 selection and sizing, F7.5, 6
infrared, S15.4 refrigerated facilities, R23.3 Convection
heating coils, A46.2 strawberries, R35.13 flow, fully developed turbulent, F4.17
heat pumps, A46.16; S48.10 vegetables, R37.6 forced, F4.16
heat recovery systems, S8.18 Controlled-environment rooms (CERs), and condensation in tubes, F5.8
heat timers, S10.13 plant growth, A22.16 evaporation in tubes, F5.4
humidifiers, S21.7 Controls, automatic, F7. (See also Control) equations, F5.6, 9
humidity, A46.13; S21.1; S23.1 authority, F7.7 laminar, F4.17
hydronic heating systems, A46.20; S12.13; classification, F7.4 transition region, F4.17
S14.8 closed loop (feedback), F7.1 turbulent, F4.17
justice facilities, A8.3 commissioning, F7.18 free, F4.18
kitchen ventilation, A31.27 components mass, F6.5
laboratory systems, A14.12 controlled devices natural, F4.18; F5.1
liquid chillers, S42.4, 7, 11, 14 actuator, F7.4 steam heating systems, S10.11
low-temperature, R2.7 dampers, F7.4, 6 thermal, F4.1
makeup air units, A46.18; S27.9 operator, F7.4 Convectors
motors, S44.5, 6 positive positioners, F7.8 application, S35.5
protection, S44.6 valves, F7.4 design effects, S35.3
nuclear facilities, A26.5 controllers heat-distributing unit, S35.1
optimization, A41.1 direct digital (DDC), nonstandard condition corrections, S35.3
outdoor air quantity, A46.10 A37.16; F7.10, 19 rating, S35.2
paper moisture content, A18.2 static pressure, A46.8, 21 Convention centers, A4.5
parking garage ventilation, A13.18 thermostats, F7.11 Conversion factors, F38
photographic materials processing, sensors, F7.8 Coolants, secondary
A20.3 flow rate, F7.10 brines
pipe-tracing systems, A50.20 humidity (hygrometers), F7.9 corrosion inhibition, A48.10; F31.4
plant growth chambers, A22.17 indoor air quality, F7.10 properties, F31.1
processes, A45.5 lighting level, F7.10 calcium chloride solutions, F31.1
radiant panels, A46.4; S6.19 location, A46.23 d-limonene, F31.12
radioactivity, A26.7 power sensing and transmission, F7.10 ethyl alcohol solutions, F31.1
rail car air conditioning, A9.17 pressure, F7.9 halocarbons, F31.12
refrigerant flow, R11.1 temperature, F7.9 inhibited glycols
residential heating and cooling, A1.5 transducers, electronic-to-pneumatic corrosion inhibition, F31.11
road tunnel ventilation, A13.9 (E/P), F7.13 ethylene glycol, F31.4
scale, A48.4 computers, A39.15; F7.4 propylene glycol, F31.4
ship air conditioning control action types, F7.2, 4, 18 service considerations, F31.11
merchant, A11.3 dampers, F7.6 low-temperature refrigeration, R48.10
naval surface, A11.4 actuator mounting, F7.8 nonhalocarbon nonaqueous fluids, F31.12
smoke, A52.1 actuators, F7.8 polydimethylsiloxane, F31.12
snow-melting systems, A50.10 types, F7.6 potassium formate solutions, F31.1
solar energy, A33.13, 25, 26; S36.16 direct digital (DDC), A37.16; F7.4, 10, 19 refrigeration systems, R13.1
differential temperature controller, S36.16 explosive atmospheres, A46.20 sodium chloride solutions, F31.1
hot-water dump, S36.17 extraordinary incidents, A46.21 Coolers. (See also Refrigerators)
overtemperature protection, S36.17 feedback (closed loop), F7.1 beverage, R39.11
sound, A47.1, 40; F8.15 fuzzy logic, F7.3 cryocoolers, R47.11
static pressure mobile applications, A46.20 forced-circulation air, R14.1
limit control, A46.21 modeling, F19.23 installation and operation, R14.6
variable flow rates, A46.8 modulating, F7.2 liquid (See also Evaporators)
steam systems, S10.13 open loop, F7.1 Baudelot, S41.2
thermal storage systems, A34.23; A41.29; positive positioners, F7.8 brazed (semiwelded) plate, S41.2
S50.23 proportional/integral (PI), F7.3 in chillers, S42.6, 8, 13
unit heaters, S27.7 proportional-integral-derivative (PID), evaporative, with evaporative condensers,
unit ventilators, A46.17; S27.3 F7.3 S38.17
variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, A41.2; proportional-only (P), F7.3 flooded, S41.2
A46.7 refrigerant flow, R11.1 freeze prevention, S41.5
vibration, A47.38 safety, A46.20 heat transfer, S41
zone systems, A46.19 sensors, F7.8, 10; R11.4 coefficients, S41.3
Composite Index I.11

fouling factor, S41.4 two-speed fans, S39.8 glycol degradation, F31.11
maintenance, S41.6 variable-frequency fan drives, S39.8 inhibited glycols, F31.11
oil return, S41.6 variable- vs. fixed-speed fans, A41.8 microorganism influence, A48.2, 5
piping, R1.25, 26 construction materials, S39.7 oil-fired appliances, S34.20
pressure drop, S41.4 design conditions, S39.2 oxygen corrosion, A48.2, 11
refrigerant flow control, S41.5 drift, S39.11 secondary coolant systems, R13.5
residential, A1.4 eliminators, S39.11, 12 service water systems, A49.8
shell-and-tube, S41.1 economics, S39.7 types, A48.2
tube-in-tube, S41.1 fill, S39.3 under insulation, F23.6
vessel design requirements, S41.4 fogging, S39.11 white rust, A48.4
retail food store, R15.1 free cooling, S39.10 under insulation; R10.2
walk-in, R15.12; R16.3 freeze protection, S13.3; S39.10 Costs. (See also Economics)
water, R39.11 heat and mass simultaneous transfer, F6.12 all-air systems, S4.3
Cooling. (See also Air conditioning) indirect evaporative coolers, S13.3; S40.5 analysis period, A36.2
absorption equipment, R18.1 inspections, S39.11 economic analysis techniques
animal environments, A22.4 Legionella pneumophila, S39.12, 13 computer analysis, A36.11
bakery products, R41.4 maintenance, S39.11 life-cycle cost analyses, A36.9
concrete model, F19.16 present value (worth), A36.9
active systems, R45.5 number of transfer units (NTU), S39.16 simple payback, A36.9
air blast, R45.2 performance energy, A36.4, 9
chilled water, R45.1 curves, S39.13 financing alternatives, A36.8
embedded coils, R45.1 monitoring, S39.11 inflation, A36.10
inundation, R45.2 thermal, S39.15 interest and discount rate, A36.3
passive, R45.4 tower coefficients, S39.17 laboratory systems, A14.20
controls, S6.20 piping, S13.2; S39.8 life-cycle, A36.11

foods and beverages, time calculations, R20.1 plumes, S39.11 energy recovery equipment,
fruits and vegetables principle of operation, S39.1 S25.11, 15, 22
evaporative, R28.8 recommissioning, A48.8 operation and maintenance, A38.2
forced-air, R28.6 selection, S39.7 piping insulation, S11.17
hydrocooling, R28.3 shutdown, A48.9 maintenance, A36.6
load calculation, R28.1 siting, S39.7 operating
package icing, R28.8 sound, attenuators, S39.10 actual, A36.4
vacuum cooling, R28.9 start-up, A48.8 electrical energy, A36.4
geothermal energy systems, A32.9 testing, A37.15; S39.15 natural gas, A36.6
greenhouses, A22.12 theory, S39.15 other fuels, A36.6
radiant panel systems, S6.1 counterflow integration, S39.16 snow-melting systems, A50.8, 10
radiative, A33.17 cross-flow integration, S39.17 owning
solar energy systems, A33.16, 18, 26 heat and mass transfer, S39.15 initial cost, A36.1
water systems, S12.1, 17, 18 types, S3.5 insurance, A36.4
dynamometers, A15.4 direct contact, S39.5 taxes, A36.4
Cooling load indirect contact, S39.2, 6 periodic, A36.4
calculations, F17; F18 open systems, S13.1 refrigerant phaseout, A36.8
central plant, S3.2 water treatment, A48.4, 8, 9; S13.2; S39.13 Cotton, drying, A23.8
coil, F18.2 winter operation, S39.10 Courthouses, A8.4
nonresidential, F18 inspections, S39.13 Courtrooms, A8.4
heat balance, F18.2 Cool storage, A34.1; S50.1 CPVC. See Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
conduction transfer functions, F18.19 COP. See Coefficient of performance (COP) (CPVC)
heat gain Corn, drying, A23.1 Crawlspaces
fenestration, F18.14 Correctional facilities. See Justice facilities heat loss, F17.11
sol-air temperature, F18.22 Corrosion insulation, A43.1
heat sources, F18.3 brines, F31.4 vented vs. unvented, A43.1
radiant time series (RTS) method, F18.2 in combustion systems, F28.16 wall insulation, A43.2
sol-air temperature, F18.22 concentration cell corrosion, A48.2 Critical spaces
refrigeration, S5.11 contributing factors, A48.2 forensic labs, A8.6
residential, F17 control, A48.2, 3, 9 justice facilities, A8.3
heat balance (RHB) method, F17.2 in boilers, A48.10 Crops. See Farm crops
load factor (RLF) method, F17.2 cathodic protection, A48.4 Cryogenics, R47
space, F18.2 buried pipe, S11.24 biomedical applications
Cooling load temperature differential method in cooling towers, A48.4 cryomicroscopy, R49.6
with solar cooling load factors (CLTD/CLF), cycles of concentration, A48.3 cryopreservation, R49.1
F18.49 in geothermal energy systems, A32.6 cryoprotective agents, R49.2
Cooling towers, S39 inhibitors, A48.3 cryosurgery, R49.7
approach to wet bulb, S39.1 materials selection, A48.3 induced hypothermia, R49.7
capacity control, S39.2 passivation, A48.4 refrigeration, R49.1
airflow, A41.13 protective coatings, A48.3 specimen preparation, R49.6
fan cycling, S39.8 in steam and condensate systems, A48.11 Brayton cycle, R47.11
fan sequencing, A41.13 energy recovery equipment, S25.7 cascade cycle, R47.8
flow modulation, A41.8 galvanized metals, F31.11 Claude cycle, R47.8

cryobiological, R49.8 cheese room refrigeration, R33.12 Degree-days, F14.11; F19.19
cryocoolers manufacture, R33.10 Dehumidification, A46.13; S23
recuperative, R47.11 cream, R33.5 absorption, S23.10
Brayton, R47.11 display refrigerators, R15.6 adsorption, S23.10
Joule-Thomson, R47.11 ice cream air washers, S40.8
Kleemenko, R47.13 freezing, R33.16 all-air systems, S4.5
regenerative, R47.14 hardening, R33.17 desiccant, S23.1
Gifford-McMahon, R47.15 milkfat content, R33.13 applications, S23.1, 8
orifice pulse tube, R47.14 mix preparation, R33.14 air-conditioning systems, S23.10
Stirling, R47.14 refrigeration condensation prevention, S23.10
cryopumping, R47.1 equipment, R33.19 gaseous contaminant control, S23.10
equipment requirements, R33.16 industrial processes, S23.8
coiled-tube exchanger, R47.21 milk materials storage, S23.8
compressors, R47.20 dry, R33.22 testing, S23.10, 11
expansion devices, R47.20 evaporated, R33.21 ventilation air preconditioning, S23.8
heat exchangers, R47.21 fresh capacity, S23.2
regenerators, R47.22 processing, R33.2 equipment, S23.3
systems, R47.20 production, R33.1 high-pressure, S23.10
turboalternators, R47.21 storage, R33.4 liquid, F32.3
turboexpanders, R47.21 sweetened condensed, R33.22 solid, F32.4
fluids thermal properties, R19.1 evaporative cooling, A51.2; S40.8
cold burns, R47.28 UHT sterilization, R33.19 performance factor, S40.8
flammability, R47.29 yogurt, R33.5 residential, A1.5
storage vessels, R47.26 Dampers Dehumidifiers
transfer, R47.27 air outlet, S19.4, 7 desiccant, S23

freezers, industrial, R29.5 controls, automatic, F7.6, 7 capacity, S23.2
hazards, R47.28 fire and smoke control, A52.8 commissioning, S23.8
Heylandt cycle, R47.8 furnaces, S32.2, 9 high-pressure, S23.10
instrumentation, R47.27 opposed-blade, S4.7; S19.4, 7 liquid, S23.3
insulation outdoor air, A46.10 operation, S23.7
low-temperature, R47.23 parallel-blade, S4.8; S19.4, 7 rotary solid, S23.4
selection (table), R47.26 return air, S4.7 solid, S23.4
thermal conductivity (table), R47.24 sound control, A47.8 ice rinks, S24.6
isenthalpic expansion, R47.6 splitter, S19.7 indoor swimming pool, S24.4
isentropic expansion, R47.7 vehicular facilities, enclosed, A13.32 makeup air treatment, S24.3
Joule-Thomson cycle, R47.6 vent, S34.28 mechanical, S24.1
Kleemenko cycle, R47.13 Dams, concrete cooling, R45.1 components, S24.2
Linde cycle, R47.6 Darcy equation, F21.6 psychrometrics, S24.1
liquefaction Darcy-Weisbach equation types, S24.2
balanced flow condition, R47.6 ductwork sectional losses, F21.11 wraparound heat exchangers, S24.7
of gases, R47.6 pressure drop, F3.6; F22.1 Dehydration
liquid-level sensors, R47.27 water-cooled condensers, S38.4 of eggs, R34.11
mixed refrigerant cycle, R47.8 water systems, S43.4 farm crops, A23.1
natural gas processing, R47.19 Data-driven modeling industrial systems for, A28.1
properties black-box, F19.24 refrigeration systems, R8.1
electrical, R47.5 calibrated simulation, F19.24 Density
magnetic, R47.5 empirical, F19.24 fluids, F3.1
mechanical, R47.6 examples, F19.30 modeling, R19.6
thermal, R47.3 gray-box, F19.25 Dental facilities, A7.14
purification of gases, R47.19 neural network, F19.30 Desiccants, F32.1; S23.1
recovery of gases, R47.17, 18 steady-state, F19.25 adsorption, S23.1
separation of gases, Gibbs phase rule, Data processing areas cosorption of water vapor and air
R47.16 air-conditioning systems, A17.1 contaminants, F32.5
staging, R47.15 humidification, S21.1 dehumidification, S23.1
Stirling cycle, R47.14 design criteria, A17.1 glycols, S23.2
storage systems, R47.26 codes, standards, and guidelines, A17.15 isotherms, F32.5
transfer systems, R47.27 Daylighting life, F32.5
CTIC. See Combustion turbine inlet cooling interior building illumination, F15.51 liquid, S23.2, 3
(CTIC) light transmittance, F15.52 lithium chloride, S23.2
Curtain walls, F15.5 solar radiation, F15.1 materials, F32.1
Cycloparaffins, R12.3 Defrosting refrigerant systems, R7.5
Dairy products, R33 air coolers, forced-circulation, R14.4 equilibrium curves, R7.4
aseptic packaging, R33.20 air-source heat pump coils, S8.7, 8; S48.9 moisture, R7.3
butter ammonia liquid recirculation systems, types
manufacture, R33.6 R2.22 liquid absorbents, F32.3
refrigeration load, R33.9 household refrigerators and freezers, R17.5 solid adsorbents, F32.4
buttermilk, R33.5 meat coolers, R30.2 wheel, S23.4
cheese retail food store refrigerators, R15.19 Desuperheaters

air conditioners, unitary, S48.4 underground systems, S11.20 desiccant, high-pressure, S23.10, 11
in ammonia refrigeration, R2.3 valve vaults, S11.25 dew point control, S23.11
condensers, evaporative, S38.17 variable-flow, S11.5 farm crops, A23.1
heat pumps, unitary, S48.4 water hammer, S11.7 gases, S23.11
Dew-point economics, S11.2 DTW. See Dual-temperature water (DTW)
analysis, F27.8 geothermal heating systems, A32.8 system
method, F25.13 heating conversion to, S11.32 Dual-duct systems
Diamagnetism, and superconductivity, R47.5 heat transfer analysis, S11.9 all-air systems, S4.12
Diesel fuel, F28.8 ground to air, S11.11 control, A46.19
Diffusers, air, sound control, A47.8 pipes in terminal boxes, A46.16
Diffusion air, S11.17 testing, adjusting, balancing, A37.4
coefficient, F6.2 buried trenches or tunnels, S11.15 Dual-temperature water (DTW) system, S12.1
eddy, F6.7 shallow trenches, S11.16 DuBois equation, F9.3
moisture flow, F25.10 single buried pipe, S11.11 Duct design
molecular, F6.1 soil temperature calculation, S11.10 all-air systems, S4.10
space air, F20.1 two pipes buried, S11.13 Bernoulli equation, F21.1
Diffusivity metering, S11.33 commercial, small applications, S9.10
thermal, of foods, R19.17 pressure losses, S11.7 computer analysis, A39.6
water vapor, F25.2 thermal storage, A34.7, 16; S11.4; S50.7, 16 Darcy equation, F21.6
Dilution water systems, S11.1 Darcy-Weisbach equation, F21.11
exhaust, F24.11 d-limonene, F31.12 design considerations
smoke, A52.4 DNS. See Direct numerical simulation (DNS) space pressure relationships, F21.13
ventilation, A29.2; A45.5 Docks, ships, A3.10 duct fitting database, F21.9
Dining halls, in justice facilities, A8.4 Doors dynamic losses
DIR. See Dispersive infrared (DIR) air exchange, F16.26 duct fitting database, F21.9
Direct digital control (DDC), F7.4, 10 U-factors, F27.8 local loss coefficients, F21.9
Direct numerical simulation (DNS), turbulence Dormitories fan-system interface, F21.11
modeling, F13.4; F24.10 air conditioning, A5.8 fitting loss coefficients
Dirty bombs. See Chemical, biological, radio- design criteria, A5.1 duct fitting database, F21.9
logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents energy systems, A5.1 flexible ducts, F21.9
Discharge coefficients, in fluid flow, F3.9 load characteristics, A5.1 tables, F21.2666
Dispersive infrared (DIR), F7.9 service water heating, A49.12, 15, 19 friction losses, F21.6
Display cases, R15.1, 4 Draft head, F21.2
District heating and cooling, S11 burners, S30.1, 14 industrial exhaust systems, S29.28
applicability, S11.1 chimney, S34.1 methods, F21.16
central plants available, S34.1, 3 noise, F21.16
boiler, S11.3 theoretical, S34.2, 3 pressure, F21.2
chiller, A46.4; S11.1, 4 comfort affected by, F9.14 residential, S9.8
distribution design, S11.5 cooling towers, S39.3, 5 roughness factors, F21.6
emission control, S11.4 Drag, in fluid flow, F3.5 stack effect, F21.2
equipment, S11.3 Driers, R7.6. (See also Dryers) testing, adjusting, and balancing, F21.16
heating medium, S11.3 Drip station, steam systems, S11.7 Ducts
thermal storage, S11.4 Dryers. (See also Driers) acoustical lining, A47.15; S18.4
combined heat and power (CHP), S7.43 commercial and industrial in hospitals, A7.13
components, S11.1 adsorption, S23.10, 11 airflow measurement in, A37.2
consumer interconnections agitated-bed, A28.6 antimicrobial, S18.5
chilled water, S11.4, 19, 32 calculations, A28.2 classifications, S18.1
components, S11.28 conduction, A28.3 cleaning, S18.2
direct connection, S11.27 constant-moisture solvent, A28.6 construction
flow control, S11.29 convection, A28.4 codes, S18.1
hot water, S11.31 dielectric, A28.4 commercial, S18.2
indirect, with heat exchangers, S11.28 drying time determination, A28.1 acoustical treatment, S18.4
steam, S11.19, 30 flash, A28.6 hangers, S18.4
temperature differential control, S11.33 fluidized-bed, A28.6 materials, S18.2
costs, A36.9 freeze drying, A28.6 plenums and apparatus casings, S18.4
distribution system mechanism, A28.1 industrial, S18.4
aboveground systems, S11.18, 19 microwave, A28.4 hangers, S18.5
condensate drainage and return, S11.7, 19 psychrometrics, A28.1 materials, S18.4
conduits, S11.22, 24 radiant infrared, A28.3 kitchen exhaust, S18.5
constant-flow, S11.5 selection, A28.3 master specifications, S18.6
construction, S11.18 superheated vapor, A28.6 outdoor ducts, S18.6
entry pits, S11.25 tunnel, A28.5 residential, S18.2
hydraulic design, S11.6 ultraviolet (UV), A28.3 seismic qualification, S18.6
insulation vacuum drying, A28.6 sheet metal welding, S18.6
economical thickness, S11.17 desiccant, high-pressure, S23.10 standards, S18.1
pipe, S11.8, 17, 21 farm crops, A23.1 commercial, S18.2
pipe, S11.7 Drying industrial, S18.4
thermal design conditions, S11.8 air, S23.11 residential, S18.2

thermal insulation, S18.6 Effective radiant flux (ERF), A53.2 building supervisory control, A41.1
underground, S18.6 Efficiency clean spaces, A16.16
desiccant dehumidifiers, S23.7 air conditioners educational facilities, A6.1, 2
efficiency testing, S9.11 room, S49.2 farm crop drying, A23.3
fabric, S18.6 unitary, S48.5 greenhouses, A22.15
fibrous glass, S18.3 boilers, S31.5 hospitals, A7.13
flat oval, F21.7; S18.3 combustion, F28.12 industrial environments, A29.6
flexible, S18.3 compressors infrared heaters, S15.1
fluid flow, F3.1 centrifugal, S37.32 kitchen ventilation, A31.21
forced-air systems, small, S9.2, 8 positive-displacement, S37.3 pumps, centrifugal, S43.13
friction chart, F21.7 reciprocating, S37.8, 9 refrigerators commercial, R16.7
industrial exhaust systems, A30.5 rotary, S37.12 temperature and ventilation control,
insulation, F23.12 scroll, S37.26 A46.21
leakage, S18.2 single-screw, S37.18 textile processing, A19.7
noise in, A47.7 fins, F4.4 thermal insulation, F23.1
noncircular, F21.7 forced-air systems, small, S9.11 consumption
plastic, S18.5 furnaces, S9.12, 9 benchmarking, A35.7
rectangular, F21.7; S18.2, 5 heat pumps, unitary, S48.5 building HVAC, control effect on,
road tunnels, A13.8 industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S29.3 A41.7
roughness factors, F21.6 infrared heaters, S15.3 emergency reduction, A35.17
round, S18.2, 5 motors, S44.2 gaseous contaminant control, A45.13
ships, A11.3 pumps, centrifugal, S43.6 humidifiers, S21.3
sound refrigerating, F2.3 United States, F34.6
attenuation, A47.12 Eggs, R34 world, F34.5
control, F8.12 composition, R34.1 costs, A36.4

transmission, A47.20 dehydration, R34.11 efficiency
velocity measurement in, F36.17 processing plant sanitation, R34.13 in commercial and food service
vibration control, A47.46 products, R34.9 refrigerators, R16.7
security concerns, A58.6 shell eggs energy efficiency ratio (EER), S49.2
Dust mites, F25.14 packaging, R34.8 and humidity, F25.15
Dusts, S28.1 processing, R34.5 emergency use reduction, A35.17
synthetic, S28.2 refrigeration, R34.5 estimating, F19
Dynamometers, A15.1 spoilage prevention, R34.4 analysis, F19.3
Earth, stabilization, R45.3, 4 storage, R34.8 application to cooling and
Earthquakes, seismic restraint design, A54.1 structure, R34.1 dehumidifying coils, F19.11
Economic analysis, A36 transportation, R34.8 degree-day and bin methods, F19.17
computer analysis, A36.11 storage, R34.1 annual degree-day, F19.18
life-cycle cost analyses, A36.9 thermal properties, R19.1 variable base, F19.19
present value (worth), A36.10 EIFS. See Exterior insulation finishing system balance point temperature, F19.18
simple payback, A36.9 (EIFS) correlation, F19.22
Economic coefficient of performance (ECOP), Electricity degree-day, F19.21
S7.50 billing rates, A55.12 forecasting, A41.31
Economics. (See also Costs) codes, A55.15 general considerations, F19.1
district heating and cooling, S11.2 costs, A36.4, 9 integration of systems, F19.23
energy management planning, A35.2 generation, on-site, A36.9 models, F19.1
energy recovery equipment, S25.22 imbalance, S44.1 monthly degree-day, F19.20
evaporative cooling, A51.15, 17 motor starting, A55.5; S44.7 seasonal efficiency of furnaces, F19.19
indoor gaseous contaminant control, A45.13 performance, A55.1 simulating, F19.22
insulation thickness, pipe, S11.17 power quality variations, A55.7 software selection, F19.3
laboratory systems, A14.20 principles, A55.2 field survey audit, A37.17
owning and operating costs, A36.1 safety, A55.1 forecasting building needs, A41.31
Economizers voltage, A55.1 management, A35
air-side, F16.18 measurement, F36.26 cost control, A35.12
compressors, single-screw, S37.16 Electric thermal storage (ETS), A34.12; S50.12 emergency energy use reduction, A35.17
control, A41.26 Electrostatic precipitators, S28.7; S29.7 energy audits, A35.9
humidification load calculation, S21.3 Elevators, smoke control, A52.11 energy conservation opportunity (ECO),
kitchen ventilation, A31.21 Emissions, pollution, F28.7 comparing, A35.14
water-side, S2.3 Emissivity, F4.2 implementation, A35.17
ECOP. See Economic coefficient of Emittance, thermal, F25.2 improving discretionary operations,
performance (ECOP) Enclosed vehicular facilities, A13 A35.12
ECS. See Environmental control system Energy resource evaluation, A35.2
(ECS) audit, A35.9 modeling, F19
Eddy diffusivity, F6.7 balance calculating, F19.7
Educational facilities, A6 comfort, F9.2, 16 classical approach, F19.1
air conditioning, A6.1 refrigeration systems, R5.3 data-driven approach, F19.1
service water heating, A49.21 conservation data-driven models, F19.2, 24
EER. See Energy efficiency ratio (EER) air conditioners, room, S49.3 forward models, F19.1
Effectiveness, heat transfer, F4.21 building envelopes, A43.1 general considerations, F19.1

in integrated building design, A57.4 Enhanced tubes. See Finned-tube heat transfer laundries, A51.13
system controls, F19.23 coils makeup air pretreatment, S40.6
monitoring, A40 Enthalpy motors, A51.12
applications, A40.15 calculation, F2.4 power generation facilities, A51.13
data, A40.514 definition, F2.2 precooling, S40.6
design and implementation methodology, foods, R19.7 produce storage, A51.14
A40.6 recovery loop, twin-tower, S25.14 residential, A51.9
documentation, A40.7, 14 water vapor, F6.9 wood and paper products facilities,
planning, A40.5, 14 wheels, S25.10 A51.13
quality assurance, A40.5, 14 Entropy, F2.1 cooling towers, S39.1
production, world, F34.4 calculation, F2.4 direct, A51.1, 2; S40.1
recovery (See also Heat recovery) Environmental control economics, A51.15
air-to-air, S25; S40.3 animals. See Animal environments entering air condition, A51.17
in chemical industry, R46.4 humans. See Comfort equipment
industrial environments, A29.6 plants. See Plant environments direct, S40.1
renewable, F35.2 retail food stores indirect, S40.2
resources, F34; F35.2 equipment and control, R15.21 maintenance, S40.8
demand-side management (DSM), store ambient effect, R15.3 two-stage, S40.5
F34.3 Environmental control system (ECS), A10 exhaust requirement, A51.10
electricity, F34.1 Environmental health, F10 heat recovery and, A51.7; S25.20; S40.4
fossil fuel, F34.1 biostatistics, F10.2 indirect, A51.1, 3; S25.20; S40.2
integrated resource planning (IRP), epidemiology, F10.2 psychrometrics, A51.1, 10, 16, 17
F34.3 exposure, F10.5 staged
nonrenewable, F34.1 industrial hygiene, F10.3 booster refrigeration, A51.8, 16
renewable, F34.1 microbiology/mycology, F10.3 two-stage (indirect/direct), A51.10, 16;

United States, F34.6 physical hazards S40.5
world, F34.4 electrical hazards, F10.14 water treatment, A48.9; S40.9
savings verification, A40.2 electromagnetic radiation, F10.16 Legionella pneumophila, S40.9
self-imposed budgets, F35.5 noise, F10.16 Evaporators. (See also Coolers, liquid)
wheels, S25.10 thermal comfort, F10.12 air conditioners, room, S49.2
Energy efficiency ratio (EER), S49.2 diseases affected by, F10.14 ammonia refrigeration systems
Energy savings performance contracting vibrations, F10.14 equipment, R2.2
(ESPC), A36.8 standards, F10.10 piping, R2.18
Engines, S7 Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) automobile air conditioning, A9.6, 11
air systems, compressed, S7.13 contaminants, A45.2 chemical industry refrigeration, R46.7
applications secondhand smoke, F11.17 flooded, F5.4
centrifugal compressors, S7.45 sidestream smoke, F10.6 halocarbon refrigeration systems, piping,
heat pumps, S7.46 superheated vapors, F11.2 R1.28
reciprocating compressors, S7.45 Equipment vibration, A47.38; F8.18 liquid overfeed systems, R4.6
screw compressors, S7.46 ERF. See Effective radiant flux (ERF) Exfiltration, F16.1
continuous-duty standby, S7.4 ESPC. See Energy savings performance Exhaust
controls and instruments, S7.15 contracting (ESPC) animal buildings, A22.6
exhaust systems, S7.14 Ethylene glycol, in hydronic systems, S12.23 clean spaces, A16.14, 16
expansion engines, S7.31 ETS. See Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS); engines
fuels, F28.7 Electric thermal storage (ETS) heat recovery, S7.35
cetane number, F28.8 Evaluation. See Testing installation recommendations, S7.14
heating values, S7.11 Evaporation, in tubes engine test facilities, A15.2
selection, S7.10 forced convection, F5.4 industrial environments, A12.8; A30.1
heat recovery equations, F5.6 kitchens, A31.9, 28
exhaust gas, S7.35 natural convection, F5.1 laboratories, A14.3, 9
jacket water, S7.34 Evaporative coolers. (See also Refrigerators) stack height, A14.13
lubricant, S7.34 liquid (See also Evaporators) photographic processing areas, A20.3
reciprocating, S7.34 in chillers, A1.4; S38.17; S42.5, 8, 13 stacks
turbocharger, S7.35 Evaporative cooling, A51 buildings, A44.1
heat release, A15.1 applications design strategies, A44.1
jacket water system, S7.13 air cleaning, A51.2; S40.8 exhaust dilution prediction equations,
lubrication, S7.12 animal environments, A22.4; A51.14 A44.10
noise control, S7.15 combustion turbines, S7.21 exhaust velocity, A44.1
performance, S7.10 commercial, A51.9 industrial exhaust systems, A30.7
reciprocating, S7.9 dehumidification, A51.2; S40.8 location relative to air intake, A44.2
vibration control, S7.15 gas turbines, A51.13 wake downwash, A44.2
water-cooled, S7.13 greenhouses, A22.13; A51.15 vehicular facilities, enclosed, A13.35
Engine test facilities, A15 humidification, A51.2; S40.7 Exhibit buildings, temporary, A4.8
air conditioning, A15.1 industrial Exhibit cases, A21.5, 16
dynamometers, A15.1 air conditioning, A12.7 Exhibition centers, A4.5
exhaust, A15.2 area cooling, A51.12 smoke management, A52.12
noise levels, A15.4 process cooling, A51.13 Expansion joints and devices, S45.10
ventilation, A15.1, 4 spot cooling, A51.12 bends, S45.10

joints equipment, A23.2 renewable media, moving-curtain, S28.7
district heating and cooling, S11.18 full-bin, A23.4 residential, A1.5
packed, S45.13 hay, A23.7 safety requirements, S28.12
packless, S45.13 layer, A23.5 selection, S28.8
loops, S45.11 peanuts, A23.8 ships, A11.4
Expansion tanks, S11.4 rice, A23.9 standards, S28.3, 5
hydronic systems, S14.4 shallow-layer, A23.3 test methods, S28.2
closed, S12.4 soybeans, A23.6 types, S28.6
diaphragm, S12.4 specific, A23.6 ultralow-penetration air (ULPA) filters,
expansion chamber, S12.4 microbial growth, A23.1 S28.5, 7; S29.2
functions of, S12.4, 10 recirculation, A23.3 viscous impingement, S28.6, 7
open, S12.4 storing, A23 Filters, water, A48.7
sizing equations, S12.5 grain aeration, A23.9 Finned-tube heat-distributing units, S35.1, 5
secondary coolant systems, R13.3 moisture migration, A23.9 design, S35.3
solar energy systems, A33.12 Faults, system nonstandard condition corrections, S35.3
Explosions. See Chemical, biological, radio- frequency and costs, A38.5 rating, S35.3
logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents reasons for detecting, A38.6 Finned-tube heat transfer coils, F4.24
Exterior insulation finishing system (EIFS), f-Chart method, sizing heating and cooling energy recovery loops, S25.11
A43.4 systems, A33.20 two-phase flow in, F5.14
Fairs, A4.8 Fenestration. (See also Windows) Fins, F4.4
Family courts, A8.3. (See also Juvenile air leakage, F15.50 Fire/smoke management. See Smoke
facilities) attachments, F15.30 management
Fan-coil units, S5.4 building envelopes, A43.6; F15.1 Firearm laboratories, A8.6
capacity control, S5.6 codes, F15.59 Fireplaces, S33.4
maintenance, S5.6 components, F15.1 chimney design, S34.20

performance under varying load, S5.10 condensation resistance, F15.54 Fire safety
types, S5.5 cooling load, F18.14 clean space exhaust systems, A16.14
ventilation, S5.5 draperies, F15.32 fire and smoke dampers, A52.8
wiring, S5.5 durability, F15.58 industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S29.29
Fans, S20 energy flow, F15.2 insulation fire resistance ratings, F23.6
air conditioners, room, S49.2 energy performance, annual, F15.54 justice facilities, A8.3, 6
all-air systems, S4.4, 6, 9 exterior shading, F15.1 kitchens, A31.22
animal environments, A22.6 glazing (glass), F15.1 laboratories, A14.11
control, A46.7; S20.9 infiltration, A43.6 nuclear facilities, A26.2
cooling tower capacity control, A41.12; S39.8 occupant comfort, F15.56 penetration fire stopping, A52.1
draft, S34.29 opaque elements, F15.29 smoke management, A52.1
fixed- vs. variable-speed, A41.8 shading devices, F15.30 thermal insulation, F23.5
flow control, S20.9; S44.8 solar heat gain, A43.6; F15.13, 17 Fish, R32
furnaces, S32.2 standards, F15.59 fresh, R32.1
industrial exhaust systems, A30.7 thermal radiation, F15.16 frozen, R32.4
isolation, S20.9 U-factors, F15.4, 6 thermal properties, R19.1
kitchen exhaust, A31.12 Ficks law, F6.1 Fitness facilities. (See also Gymnasiums)
laws, S20.4 and moisture flow, F25.10 in justice facilities, A8.5
operating principles, S20.1 Filters, air, S28. (See also Air cleaners) Fittings
parallel operation, S20.7 air conditioners, room, S49.4 duct fitting database, F21.9
plenum, S20.1 aircraft, A10.4, 9 effective length, F3.8
plug, S20.1 clean spaces, A16.3, 8, 11 halocarbon refrigeration systems, R1.10
pressure relationships, S20.5 demisters, A26.7 loss coefficients, F3.8
effect of duct system on, S20.6 desiccant dehumidifiers, S23.7 local, F21.9
rating, S20.4 dry, extended surface, S28.6 pipe
selection, A47.5; S20.7 electronic, S28.5, 7 sizing, F22.1, 8
ships, naval surface, A11.4 furnaces, S32.2 standards, S45.2
sound level, A47.3; S20.8 high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, tees, F22.8
system effects, S20.7 A26.3; S28.3, 5, 7; S29.2 Fixed-guideway vehicles, A9.18. (See also
testing, S20.4 tests, S28.3 Mass-transit systems)
types, S20.1 hospitals, A7.2 Fixture units, A49.1, 23
unstable operation, A46.10 industrial air-conditioning, A12.7 pipe sizing, F22.9
variable- vs. fixed-speed, A41.8 industrial exhaust gas Flammability limits, gaseous fuels, F28.1
vehicular facilities, enclosed, A13.31 fabric, S29.10 Flash tank, steam systems, S10.14
Farm crops granular bed, S29.14 Floors
aeration, A23.3, 9 installation, S28.9 coverings
dryeration, A23.3 kitchens, A31.3, 9 panel systems, S6.7
drying laboratories, A14.9 temperature comfort, F9.15
combination, A23.4 maintenance, S28.8 slabs, heat loss, F17.11; F18.32
corn, A23.1 nuclear facilities, A26.3, 7 Flowers, cut
cotton, A23.8 panel, S28.6 air transport, R27.1, 3
deep-bed, A23.4 places of assembly, A4.1 cooling, R28.11
energy conservation, A23.3 printing plants, A18.4 refigerators, R16.3

storage, temperatures, R21.12 geometric considerations firearm labs, A8.5, 6
Flowmeters, A37.13; F36.17 equivalent heat transfer intake air quality, A8.6
bypass spring impact meters, A37.13 dimensionality, R20.9 Fouling factor
in conduits, F3.13 equivalent sphere diameter, condensers, water-cooled, S38.4
devices, A37.13 R20.12 coolers, liquid, S41.4
district heating and cooling systems, S11.33 mean conducting path, R20.10 Foundations
flow nozzles, F36.19 phase change, R20.8 insulation, A43.2
hoods, F36.18 Planks equation, R20.7 moisture control, A43.2
orifice plates, A37.13; F36.19 precooling, R20.8 radon control, A43.3
positive-displacement meters, F36.21 subcooling, R20.8 Fountains, Legionella pneumophila control,
rotameters, F36.20 industrial freezing methods, R29.1 A48.7
turbine meters, A37.13; F36.22 long-term storage, R40.7 Fouriers law, and heat transfer, F25.5
ultrasonic, A37.13 microbial growth Four-pipe systems, S5.3
velocity impact meters, A37.13 control, R22.3 load, S12.19
venturi meters, A37.13; F36.19 generalized, R22.1 room control, S5.15
Fluid dynamics computations, F13.1 requirements, R22.2 zoning, S5.15
Fluid flow, F3 plants, R40.3 Framing
analysis, F3.6 processing facilities materials, F15.2
Bernoulli equation, F3.6 contamination prevention, R22.3 solar gain, F15.18
kinetic energy factor, F3.2 dairy, R33.1 Freeze drying, A28.6
pressure variation, F3.2 fruits, R40.5 biological materials, R49.4
boundary layer, F3.4 main dishes, R40.1 Freeze prevention. (See also Freeze protection
cavitation, F3.13 meat, R30.1 systems)
choking, F3.13 organism destruction, R22.4 condensers, evaporative, S38.16
compressible, F3.13 potato products, R40.5 coolers, liquid, S41.5

expansion factor, F3.12 poultry, R31.1 cooling tower
pressure, F3.12 precooked foods, R40.1 piping, S13.3
continuity, F3.2 refrigeration systems, R40.3, 4, 6 sump water, S39.10
Darcy-Weisbach equation, F3.6 regulations and standards, R22.5 energy recovery equipment, S25.7
devices, F3.5 sanitation, R22.4 hydronic systems, S12.23
discharge coefficients, F3.9 vegetables, R40.3 insulation for, F23.3
drag, F3.5 refrigeration solar energy systems, A33.24; S36.2, 17
friction factors, F3.6 dairy products, R33 Freeze protection systems, A50.17, 19
incompressible, F3.9 eggs and egg products, R34.1 Freezers
laminar, F3.2 fishery products, R32 blast, R16.3; R23.10; R29.1; R30.15
measurement, A37.11; F3.10; F36.19 fruits, fresh, R35; R36 household, R17.1
noise, F3.13 meat products, R30 cabinets, R17.2
nonisothermal effects, F3.5 poultry products, R31 defrosting, R17.5
parabolic velocity profile, Poiseuille, F3.3 vegetables, R37 durability, R17.12
patterns, F3.4 refrigerators performance evaluation, R17.9
pipe friction, F3.6, 8 commercial, R16 refrigerating systems, R17.4
Poiseuille, F3.3 retail food store, R15.1 safety, R17.11
properties, F3.1 walk-in, R15.12 testing, R17.9
Reynolds number, Re, F3.3 storage requirements industrial, R29.1
section change losses, F3.8 canned foods, R21.11 walk-in, R16.3
sensors, F7.10 citrus fruit, R36.3 Freezing
separation, F3.4 commodities, R21.1 beverages, R20.7
turbulent, F3.3 dried foods, R21.11 biomedical applications, R49.1
two-phase fruit, R35 foods
boiling, F5.1 thermal properties, R19 bakery products, R41.5
condensation, F5.8 enthalpy, R19.7 egg products, R34.9
evaporation, F5.2, 4 heat of respiration, R19.17, 19, 20 fish, R32.5
pressure drop, F5.11 ice fraction, R19.2 freezing time calculations, R20.7
unsteady, F3.11 surface heat transfer coefficient, ice cream, R33.15
valve losses, F3.8, 9 R19.24 meat products, R30.16
vena contracta, F3.4 thermal conductivity, R19.9, 12, 16 poultry products, R31.5
wall friction, F3.3 thermal diffusivity, R19.17 processed and prepared food, R40.1
Food. (See also specific foods) transpiration coefficient, R19.19, 24 industrial, R29.1
codes, R15.2 water content, initial freezing point, R19.2 soil, R45.3, 4
cooling and freezing times, R20.1 Food service Friction, in fluid flow
cooling, R20.1 refrigerators for, R16.1 conduit, F3.6
equivalent heat transfer dimensionality, service water heating, A49.13, 19 wall, F3.3
R20.4 vending machines, R16.5 Friction losses, F21.7
estimating algorithms, R20.5 Forced-air systems, residential, A1.1 duct design, F21.6
irregular shapes, R20.3 multifamily, A1.5 fittings, F22.1, 8
slabs, cylinders, and spheres, R20.2 Forensic labs, A8.5 roughness factors, F21.6
freezing autopsy rooms, A8.5, 6 valves, F22.1, 8
estimating algorithms, R20.12 critical spaces, A8.3, 6 Fruit juice, R38

Fruits commercial, S32.5 Geothermal energy, A32
dried installation, S32.10 corrosion control, A32.6
storage, R42.7 residential, S32.1 direct-use systems, A32.3
thermal properties, R19.1 standards, S32.11 cooling, A32.9
fresh upflow, S32.5 equipment, A32.5
air transport, R27.1 humidifiers, S32.2 heating, A32.8
apples, storage, A51.14; R35.1 installation, S32.10 service water heating, A32.9
apricots, R35.13 location, S32.6 district heating, A32.8
avocados, R36.8 natural gas, S30.11; S32.1, 4, 9 geothermal fluids, A32.1
bananas, R36.5 draft hoods, S32.2 disposal, A32.4
berries, R35.13 residential, S32.1, 9 temperature, A32.1, 3
cherries, sweet, R35.12 capacity ratings, S32.9 ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems,
citrus, A51.14; R36.1 combustion system, S32.4 A32.10, 28; S8.4
cooling, R28.1 efficiency, S32.9 heat exchangers, A32.6, 27
deciduous tree, R35 heat exchangers, S32.1 materials performance, A32.5
desiccation, R21.1 vent dampers, S32.2, 9 resources, A32.1
deterioration rate, R21.1 venting, S32.2; S34.18 valves, A32.7
display refrigerators, R15.8 oil, S32.4, 10 water wells
figs, R35.13 venting, S34.19 flow rate, A32.3
grapes, R35.8 performance criteria, S32.8 pumps, A32.6, 26
mangoes, R36.8 propane, S32.4, 10 terminology, A32.24
nectarines, R35.12 regulating agencies, S32.11 water quality testing, A32.4
peaches, R35.12 residential, A1.3; S32.1 Geothermal heat pumps (GHP), A32.10
pears, R35.6 annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE), Glaser method, F25.13
pineapples, R36.8 S32.8 Glazing

plums, R35.11 efficiency, S9.12 angular averaging, F15.15
storage diseases, R35.1 floor furnaces, S33.2 glass, F15.1
strawberries, R35.13 indoor or outdoor, S32.4 plastic, F15.28
thermal properties, R19.1 performance criteria, S32.8 solar-optical properties, F15.13
vine fruits, R35.1 selection, S32.6 spectral averaging, F15.15
frozen, R40.5 selection, S32.6 spectral range, F15.16
Fuel cells, combined heat and power (CHP), standards, S32.11 systems, F15.15
S7.22 stokers, S30.17 Global warming potential (GWP), R6.1
Fuels, F28 thermal storage, A34.13; S50.13 Glycols, desiccant solution, S23.2
classification, F28.5 unducted, S32.5 Green design, and sustainability, F35.1
combustion, F28 upflow, S32.5 Greenhouses. (See also Plant environments)
engines, S7.10 venting, S34.18, 19 evaporative cooling, A51.15
flammability limits, F28.1 wall furnaces, S33.1 plant environments, A22.10
gaseous, F28.5 Galleries. See Museums, galleries, archives, Grids, for computational fluid dynamics, F13.4
heating value, F28.3; S7.11 and libraries Ground-coupled heat pumps (GCHP)
ignition temperature, F28.2 Garages closed-loop ground-source, A32.10
liquid, F28.6 automotive repair, A13.19 heat exchanger, S48.12
oil. See Oil, fuel bus, A13.20 Ground-source heat pumps (GSHP), A32.1, 9
systems, S7.11 contaminant criteria, A13.17 Groundwater heat pumps (GWHP), A32.23
solid, F28.8 parking, A3.10; A13.17 GSHP. See Ground-source heat pumps
turbines, S7.20 ventilation (GSHP)
Fume hoods, laboratory exhaust, airflow rate, A13.17 Guard stations, in justice facilities, A8.4
A14.3 control, A13.18 GWHP. See Groundwater heat pumps
Fungal pathogens, F10.7 equipment, A13.31 (GWHP)
Furnaces, S32 residential, F16.20 GWP. See Global warming potential (GWP)
air cleaners and filters, S32.2 system configuration, A13.19 Gymnasiums, A4.5; A6.4
airflow configurations, S32.3 Gases HACCP. See Hazard analysis and critical
air supply, S34.26 compressed, storage, A14.8 control point (HACCP)
burners, S30.1; S32.2 drying, S23.11 Halocarbon
casings, S32.1 liquefaction, R47.6 coolants, secondary, F31.12
codes, S32.10 purification, R47.16, 19 refrigerant systems, R1.1
commercial, S32.5 separation Hartford loop, S10.3
efficiency, S32.10 gaseous oxygen, R47.18 Hay, drying, A23.7
components, S32.1 Gibbs phase rule, R47.16 Hazard analysis and control, F10.3
controls, S32.2, 5, 9 Gas-fired equipment, S34. (See also Natural Hazard analysis and critical control point
derating, S30.10 gas) (HACCP), R22.4
duct, S32.5 noise, F28.17 in meat processing facilities, R30.1
duct furnaces, S30.6 Gas vents, S34.1 Hazen-Williams equation, F22.1
electric, S32.4, 10 GCHP. See Ground-coupled heat pumps HB. See Heat balance (HB)
fans and motors, S32.2 (GCHP) Health
floor furnaces, S33.2 Generators airborne pathogens, F10.7
gas-fired, S32.1, 9 absorption units, R18.1, 10 asbestosis, F10.4
codes, S32.10 combined heat and power (CHP), S7.40 carbon monoxide, F10.11

coalworkers pneumoconiosis, F10.4 control, S27.7 control, F25; F26; F27
in justice facilities, A8.3 location, S27.6 electric motors, F18.6
Legionella pneumophila, F10.6 maintenance, S27.8 engine test facilities, dynamometers, A15.1
and moisture problems, F25.14 piping, S27.7 fenestration, F18.14
silicosis, F10.4 ratings, S27.6 floors, F18.25
synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs), F10.5 selection, S27.4 hospital and laboratory equipment, F18.8
Health care facilities, A7. (See also specific sound level, S27.6 humans, F18.3
types) types, S27.4 laboratories, A14.2
Heat ventilators, S27.1 latent, permeable building materials,
flow rates, F18.1 water, A49 F18.14
latent Heat exchangers, S47 lighting, F18.3
respiratory loss, F9.4 air-to-air energy recovery, S25.1 office equipment, F18.8
skin loss, F9.3, 10 heat pipes, S25.12 radiant panels, S6.7
sensible rotary enthalpy wheels, S25.10 space, F18.1
respiratory, F9.4 thermosiphon, S25.14 Heating
skin, F9.3 animal environments, A22.4 absorption equipment, R18.1
space extraction rate, F18.2 antifreeze effect on, S12.23 animal environments, A22.4
timers, S10.13 chimneys, S34.29 equipment, S3.1; S26S33; S48
Heat and moisture control, F27.1 counterflow, F4.21; S47.1 baseboard units, S35.1
Heat balance, S8.19 district heating and cooling, S11.28 boilers, S31.1
air, F18.18 double-wall construction, S47.3 convectors, S35.1
conduction transfer function, F18.19 effectiveness, capacity rate ratio, F4.21 finned-tube units, S35.1
cooling load calculation methods, F18.2, 15 enhanced surfaces, F5.14 furnaces, S32.1
equations, F18.19 fouling, S47.5 radiators, S35.1
input procedure, F18.20 furnaces, S32.1 geothermal energy systems, A32.8

model, F18.15 geothermal energy systems, A32.6, 27 greenhouses, A22.11
studies, S8.19 halocarbon refrigeration systems, R1.28 industrial environments, A12.6
surface, F18.15 heat transfer, S47.1 infrared, S15.1
Heat capacity, F25.1 installation, S47.6 radiant, A53.1, 8
Heat control, F27 liquid suction, R1.28 nonresidential, S12.16
Heaters, S33 number of transfer units (NTU), F4.21 places of assembly, A4.1
automobiles, A9.5 parallel flow, F4.21 plant growth chambers, A22.17
catalytic, S33.1 plate, F4.23; R1.29; S41.2 power plants, A25.10
control, S33.2, 4 brazed, S11.29; S47.3 residential, A1.1
direct-contact, S14.6 components, S47.4 solar energy, S36.1
electric, S15.2; S33.3 gasketed, S11.28; S47.3 systems
fireplaces, S33.4 plate-and-frame, S11.28 all-air, S4.2, 5
gas, S15.1; S30.6; S33.1 pressure drop in, F5.13 selection, S1.1, 8
control valves, S33.2 welded, S11.29; S47.3 small forced-air, S9.1
efficiency requirements, S33.2 selection, S47.5 dynamic simulation model (HOUSE),
infrared, S15.1 shell-and-coil, R1.29; S11.29; S47.2 S9.12
room, S33.1 shell-and-tube, R1.29; S11.29; S41.1, 2 solar energy, A33.16, 26
thermostats, S33.2 components, S47.4 steam, S10.1
wall furnaces, S33.1 converters, S47.2 thermal storage, A34.11; S50.11
hot-water, S27.4 straight-tube, S47.2 Heating load
hydronic snow melting, A50.12 tube-in-tube, R1.29; S41.1 calculations, F18.28
infrared, S15.1; S30.6 U-tube, S47.2 central plant, S3.2
indirect, S30.7 solar energy, S36.14 residential calculations
oil-fired, S15.3 systems crawlspace heat loss, F17.11
radiant, A53.1, 4, 8 solar energy, A33.12 Heating values of fuels, F28.3, 7, 9
in-space, S33.1 steam, S10.3 Heat loss. (See also Load calculations)
kerosene, S33.3 water, medium- and high-temperature, basement, F18.31
oil, S15.3; S33.3 S14.8 crawlspaces, F17.11
radiant, S30; S33 wraparound, S24.7 floor slabs, F18.32
electric, S15.2 Heat flow, F25. (See also Heat transfer) latent heat loss, F17.12; F18.32
gas-fired, S15.1; S30.6, 7; S33.1 and airflow, F25.12 radiant panels, S6.7
infrared, S30.6 through flat building component, F25.6 Heat pipes, air-to-air energy recovery, S25.12
oil-fired infrared, S15.3 hygrothermal modeling, F25.13 Heat pumps
panels, S33.4 and moisture, 12 absorption, R18.3
quartz, S33.4 paths, series and parallel, F25.7 air-source, S48.1, 8
residential, S33.1 Heat flux, F25.1 add-on, S48.9
room, S33.1 radiant panels, S6.2 air-to-air, S8.4, 9
solid fuel, S33.4 Heat gain. (See also Load calculations) air-to-water, S8.6, 9
standards, S33.6, 7 appliances, F18.6 balance point, S48.9
steam, S27.4 calculation compressor selection, S48.10
stoves, S33.5 solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), control, S48.10
testing, S33.7 F18.17 defrost cycle, S48.9
unit; S27.4; S30.6 standard air values, F18.13 installation, S48.10

refrigerant circuits, S48.10 combined heat and power (CHP), S7.33 film
selection, S48.9 combustion turbines, S7.37 coefficient, F25.1
boosters, A34.13; S50.13 evaporative cooling, A51.7; S25.20; S40.4 resistance, F25.1, 5
cascade systems, S8.6 heat-activated chillers, S7.39 fins, F4.4, 7
components, S8.6 heat balance, S8.19 forced convection, air coolers, F4.16
compression cycles, S8.2 heat pumps, S8.9 Fouriers law, F25.5
control, A46.16; S8.7, 8 industrial exhaust systems, A30.7 ground, F19.7
efficiency, S48.5 kitchen ventilation, A31.21 ground loops, A32.13
engine-driven, S7.46 laboratories, A14.19 heat exchangers, S47.1
ground-source liquid chillers, S42.2, 12 insulation, F36.31
ground-coupled, A32.10, 12; S8.14; multiple buildings, S8.21 lakes, A32.28
S48.12 reciprocating engines, S7.34 mass transfer
heat transfer analysis, A32.13 retail food store refrigeration, R15.18 convection, F6.5
horizontal systems, A32.11, 20 service water heating, A49.4 molecular diffusion, F6.3
vertical systems, A32.10, 12 steam simultaneous with, F6.9
water loop, S8.14 systems, S10.3, 14 cooling coils, F6.12
groundwater, A32.11, 23; S48.12 turbines, S7.37 number of transfer units (NTU), F4.22
surface water, A32.11, 28; S48.12 supermarkets, A2.4 radiant balance, F4.15
terminology, A32.10 terminology, S8.1 radiation
heat recovery heat pumps, S8.9 waste heat, S8.13 actual, gray, F4.2, 12
design principles, S8.12 water loop heat pump systems, S8.14 angle factor, F4.13
waste heat recovery, S8.13 Heat storage. See Thermal storage Beers law, F4.16
heat sources and sinks, S8.2, 4 Heat stress blackbody, F4.11
ice-source, R43.7 index (HSI), A29.5; F9.21 spectral emissive power, F4.12
industrial process, S8.8 industrial environments, A29.4 black surface, F4.2

closed-cycle systems, S8.9 thermal standards, A29.4 energy transfer, F4.11
design, S8.12 Heat transfer, F4; F26. (See also Heat flow) exchange between surfaces, F4.14
heat recovery, S8.8, 9 across air space, F25.6 in gases, F4.16
open-cycle systems, S8.11 antifreeze effect on water, S12.23 gray surface, F4.12
semi-open-cycle systems, S8.11 apparent transfer coefficient, F25.6 hemispherical emissivity, F4.12
packaged terminal heat pumps (PTHPs), S49.5 augmentation Kirchoffs law, F4.12
testing, S49.7 active, F4.27 monochromatic emissive power, F4.12
residential, A1.2 passive, F4.24 Stefan-Boltzmann
room, S49.1 coefficients, F15.5 law, F4.11
split systems, S48.1 condensation, F5.9 relation, F4.2
supplemental heating, S8.8 convective, F9.7 thermal, F4.2
through-the-wall, S2.3 convective evaporation, F5.6 Wiens displacement law, F4.12
types, S8.4 evaporative, F9.8 simultaneous, F6.9
unitary, S48.1 foods, R19.24 snow-melting systems, A50.1
application, S48.1 Lewis relation, F9.4 fluids, A50.10
certification, S48.6 low-temperature, R48.9 solar energy systems, A33.11
codes, S48.5 overall, F4.25 steady-state, F25.5
desuperheaters, S48.4 coils terminology, F25.1
installation, S48.2 air-cooling and dehumidifying, S22.6 transient
space conditioning/water heating, S48.4 air-heating, S26.4 cooling time estimation, F4.8
standards, S48.5 condensers, S38.2 cylinder, F4.9
types, S48.2 water-cooled, S38.2 radiation, F4.8
water heaters, A49.3, 25 conductance, F4.3 slab, F4.9
water-source conduction, F4.1, 3 sphere, F4.9
certification, S48.12 shape factors, F4.4 transmission data, F26
design, S48.12 control, F25; F26; F27 water, S12.3
entering water temperature, S48.12 convection Heat transmission
groundwater, A32.11, 23; S48.12 buffer layer, F4.1 doors, F27.8
indirect systems, A32.27 coefficient, F4.1 floor slabs, F18.32
surface water, A32.11, 28 external, F4.17 properties, F26.1
closed-loop heat pumps, A32.29, 29; flow, fully developed laminar, F4.17 windows, F27.8
S48.12 forced, boundary layer, F4.16 Heat traps, A49.2
lake heat transfer, A32.28 free, F4.1, 18 Helium
open-loop heat pumps, A32.28 internal, F4.17 in air, F1.1
testing, S48.12 laminar sublayer, F4.1 recovery, R47.18
water loop, S8.14; S48.12 natural, F4.1, 18 and thermal radiation, F4.16
water-to-air, S8.4 turbulent region, F4.1 High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters,
water-to-water, S8.6 definition, F25.1 A26.3; S28.7; S29.2
window-mounted, S2.3 diffuse radiators, F4.15 High-temperature short-time (HTST)
Heat recovery. (See also Energy, recovery) district heating and cooling pipes, S11.9 pasteurization, R33.2
balanced heat recovery, S8.18 effectiveness, F4.21 High-temperature water (HTW) system,
cascade systems, S8.13 extended surfaces, F4.4 S12.1
coils, S26.3 factor, friction, F4.17

Homeland security. See Chemical, biological, systems, A5.2 wall, S6.15
radiological, and explosive (CBRE) incidents Hot-gas bypass, R1.34 radiators, S35.1, 2, 5
Hoods HOUSE dynamic simulation model, S9.12 ventilators, S27.1
draft, S32.2; S34.28 Houses of worship, A4.3 water treatment, A48.10
gaseous contaminant control, A45.5 HSI. See Heat stress index (HSI) Hygrometers, F7.9; F36.10, 11
industrial exhaust systems HTST. See High-temperature short-time Hygrothermal loads, F25.2
capture velocities, A30.2 (HTST) pasteurization Hygrothermal modeling, F25.13; F27.11
compound hoods, A30.5 Humidification, S21 criteria, F25.14
design principles, A30.3 air washers, S40.7 dew-point method, F25.13
entry loss, A30.3 all-air systems, S4.5, 9 transient analysis, F25.13; F27.11
overhead hoods, A30.5 control, A46.13, 14; S21.1 IAQ. See Indoor air quality (IAQ)
sidedraft hoods, A30.5 design, S21.3 Ice
volumetric flow rate, A30.2 direct evaporative cooling, A51.2 commercial, R43.6
kitchen exhaust, A31.27 evaporative coolers, S40.7 delivery systems, R43.5
ductless, A31.9 load calculations, S21.4 manufacture, R43.1
recirculating systems, A31.9, 13 Humidifiers, S21 storage, R43.4
residential, A31.27 all-air systems, S4.9 thermal storage, A34.7; R43.3; S50.7
type I, A31.3 bacterial growth, S21.1 Ice makers
type II, A31.3, 8 central air systems commercial, R16.6
laboratory fume, A14.3 industrial and commercial, S21.6, 7 heat pumps, R43.7
sound control, A47.27 residential, S21.5 household refrigerator, R17.2
unidirectional, A16.8 commercial, S21.6 large commercial, R43.1
Hospitals, A7.2 controls, S21.7 storage, R43.4
air conditioning, A7.2 energy considerations, S21.3 thermal storage, R43.3
air movement, A7.3 equipment, S21.4 types, R43.1

air quality, A7.2 evaporative cooling, S21.7 water treatment, A48.7, 9
cooling, A7.13 furnaces, S32.2 Ice rinks, A4.5; R44
design criteria industrial, S21.6 conditions, R44.4, 5
administration, A7.11 Legionella pneumophila control, A48.7 dehumidifiers, S24.6
ancillary spaces, A7.9 load calculations, S21.3 energy conservation, R44.5
autopsy rooms, A7.10 nonducted, S21.5 floor design, R44.8
diagnostic and treatment, A7.11 portable, S21.5 heat loads, R44.2
infectious isolation, A7.8 residential, A1.5; S9.1; S21.5 pebbling, R44.11
intensive care units, A7.8 scaling, S21.4 surface building and maintenance, R44.10
laboratories, A7.9 supply water, S21.4 water quality, R44.11
nursery suites, A7.8 terminal, S4.17 ID50 mean infectious dose, A58.4
nursing areas, A7.8 Humidity Ignition temperatures of fuels, F28.2
operating rooms, A7.5 building envelope affected by, S21.2 IGUs. See Insulating glazing units (IGUs)
humidity, S21.2 control, A46.13; F32.1; S21.1; S23.1 Indoor air quality (IAQ). (See also Air quality)
patient rooms, A7.8 disease prevention and treatment, S21.1 bioaerosols
pharmacies, A7.10 human comfort conditions, S21.1 health effects, F10.7
protective isolation, A7.8 measurement, F36.10 particles, F10.4
recovery rooms, A7.8 odors affected by, F12.2 sources, F10.7
service areas, A7.11 sound transmission affected by, S21.2 environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), F10.6
sterilizing and supply, A7.11 static electricity affected by, S21.2 gaseous contaminant control, A45.1
surgery and critical care, A7.5 Hydrogen, liquid, R47.2 hospitals, A7.2
energy conservation, A7.13 Hydronic systems, S35. (See also Water hotels and motels, A5.6
heating and hot-water standby, A7.12 systems) humidity, F25.14
indoor air quality (IAQ), A7.2 capacity control, A46.20 kitchens, A31.13
infection sources and control, A7.2 central multifamily, A1.5 modeling, F13.1
insulation, A7.13 combined heat and power (CHP), S7.43 particulate matter, F10.4
Legionella pneumophila, A7.2 heating and cooling design, S12.1 polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC), F10.5
pressure relationships and ventilation, A7.4 heat transfer vs. flow, A37.6, 7 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH),
smoke control, A7.5 pipe sizing, F22.6 F10.5
zoning, A7.12 residential, A1.3 radon action levels, F10.17
Hot-box method, of thermal modeling, F25.7 snow melting, A50.10 sensors, F7.10
Hotels and motels, A5 testing, adjusting, balancing, A37.6, 8 standards, F10.10
accommodations, A5.3 units synthetic vitreous fibers, F10.5
back-of-the-house (BOTH) areas, A5.6 baseboard, S35.1, 3, 5 volatile organic compounds (VOC), F10.9
central plant, A5.7 convectors, S35.1, 2, 5 Indoor environmental modeling, F13
design criteria, A5.1 finned-tube, S35.1, 3, 5 computational fluid dynamic (CFD), F13.1
guest rooms, A5.3 heaters, S27.4 contaminant transport, F13.16
indoor air quality (IAQ), A5.6 makeup air, S27.9 multizone network, F13.14
load characteristics, A5.1 pipe coils, S35.1 verification and validation, F13.17
makeup air units, A5.7 radiant panels, S6.11; S35.5 Induction
public areas, A5.6 ceiling, S6.13 air-and-water systems, A37.5
service water heating, showers, A49.13, 19 design, S6.11 systems, S5.8
sound control, A5.7 floor, S6.15 units under varying load, S5.10

Industrial applications scrubbers (wet collectors), S29.15 foundations, A43.2
burners Industrial hygiene, F10.3 freeze protection, F23.3
gas, S30.6 Infiltration. (See also Air leakage) green buildings, F23.1
oil, S30.12 air exchange, R24.4 heat gain, F23.15
gas drying, S23.11 rate, F16.3, 12 heat loss, F23.15
heat pumps, S8.8 air leakage heat transfer, F36.31
humidifiers, S21.6 air-vapor retarder, F16.17 hospitals, A7.13
process drying, S23.11 building data, F16.15 insertion loss, F23.5
process refrigeration, R46.1 controlling, F16.17 limited combustible, F23.6
thermal storage, A34.17; S50.17 calculation, residential, F16.22 materials, F23.7; F26.2
service water heating, A49.23 climatic zones, F16.19 cellular, F23.7
steam generators, A25.4 commercial buildings, F16.25 fibrous, F23.7
Industrial environments, A12; A29; A30 direct flow through doorways, R24.6 foil, scrim, and kraft paper (FSK),
air conditioning, A12 driving mechanisms, F16.12 F23.10
cooling load, A12.5 examples, F16.23 foil-reinforced kraft (FRK), F23.11
design, A12.5 fenestration, F15.50 granular, F23.7
evaporative systems, A12.7 indoor air quality (IAQ), F16.10 reflective, F23.7
maintenance, A12.8 infiltration degree-days, F16.12 moisture control, F26.1
refrigerant systems, A12.7 latent heat load, F16.11 noise control, F23.4
spot cooling, A29.3; A51.12 leakage function, F16.14 noncombustible, F23.6
ventilation, A29.1 measurement, F36.22 operating temperature, F23.7
air distribution, A29.2 refrigerated facilities, R24.4 performance, F26.4
air filtration systems, A12.7; S28.2; S29.1 residential buildings, F16.14 personnel protection, F23.2
contaminant control, A12.5, 8 sensible heat load, F16.11 pipes, F23.10
energy conservation, A29.6 terminology, F16.1 economic thickness, S11.17

energy recovery, A29.6 thermal loads, F16.11 hangers, F23.10
evaporative cooling, A51.12 ventilation, R15.4 underground, F23.12; S11.8
heat control, A29.4 Infrared applications properties, F25.1
heat exposure control, A29.5 comfort, F9.23, 24 refrigerant piping, R10.1
heating systems, A12.6 drying, A28.3 design, R10.1, R10.4
heat stress, A29.4 energy generators, S15.1 installation, R10.8
local exhaust systems, A29.5; A30.1 greenhouse heating, A22.12 jacketing, R10.7
air cleaners, A30.7 heaters, A53.1, 4, 8; S15.1 joint sealant, R10.7
airflow near hood, A30.3 electric, S15.2 maintenance, R10.9
air-moving devices, A30.7 gas-fired, S15.1; S30.6 thickness tables, R10.4
ducts, A30.5; S29.28 industrial environments, A12.7 vapor retarders, R10.7
energy recovery, A30.7 oil-fired, S15.3 refrigerated facilities, R23.12; R24.1
exhaust stacks, A30.7 system efficiency, S15.3 roofs, A43.5
fans, A30.7 snow-melting systems, A50.16 smoke developed index, F23.5
hoods, A30.2 In-room terminal systems solar energy systems, S36.4, 12
operation and maintenance, A30.8 changeover temperature, S5.11 tanks, vessels, and equipment, F23.12
system testing, A30.8 performance under varying load, S5.10 thermal conductivity, F23.7
process and product requirements, A12.1 primary air, S5.10 thermal storage systems, water,
spot cooling, A29.3, 5 refrigeration load, S5.11 A34.6; S50.6
thermal control, A12.4 Instruments, F14. (See also specific instruments walls, A43.4
ventilation systems, A29.1 or applications) water absorption, F23.7
Industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S29. (See also Insulating glazing units (IGUs), F15.1 water vapor permeability, F23.7
Air cleaners) Insulation, thermal water vapor permeance, F23.7
auxiliary equipment, S29.28 airflow retarders, F25.8 water vapor retarders, F23.9
equipment selection, S29.1 animal environments, A22.4 weather barriers, F23.8
gaseous contaminant control, S29.17 below-ambient system, R10.2 weather protection, F23.8
absorption, S29.17 ceilings, A43.5 Integrated building design (IBD), A57.1
adsorption, S29.24, 26 clothing, F9.8 budgeting, A57.5
incineration, S29.27 compressive resistance, F23.7 commissioning
spray dry scrubbing, S29.18 condensation control, F23.3 construction phase, A57.8
wet-packed scrubbers, S29.18, 24 corrosion under, F23.6 QA/QC procedures, A57.8
gas stream, S29.2 cryogenic, R47.23 communication, A57.5
monitoring, S29.1 ducts, F23.12; S18.6 construction
operation and maintenance, S29.29 flexible, F23.10 contract administration, A57.7
particulate contaminant control, S29 process, F23.12 document phase, A57.8
collector performance, S29.3 economic thickness, in mechanical systems, post-construction activities, A57.8
electrostatic precipitators, S29.8 F23.1 design
fabric filters, S29.10 electrical, R6.9 basis, A57.6
inertial collectors, S29.4 motor, breakdown of, S44.11 criteria, A57.6
scrubbers (wet collectors), S29.15 energy conservation, F23.1 development, A57.8
settling chambers, S29.3 fire resistance ratings, F23.6 intent, A57.8
regulations, S29.1 fire safety, F23.5 team, A57.5, 7
safety, S29.29 flame spread index, F23.5 design-phase contract, A57.1

documentation, A57.7 air filtration, A31.3, 9 containment labs, A14.17
drawings controls, A31.27 controls, A14.12
preliminary, A57.7 cooking effluent design parameters, A14.2
working, A57.7 control of, A31.9 duct leakage rates, A14.10
energy modeling, A57.4 generation of, A31.1 economics, A14.20
building optimization, A57.4 plume, A31.1 exhaust devices, A14.8
equipment selection, A57.4 thermal plume behavior, A31.2 exhaust systems, A14.10
system optimization, A57.4 dishwashers, piping, A49.7 fire safety, A14.11
objectives, A57.1 energy conservation fume hoods, A14.3
organization, A57.4 economizers, A31.21 controls, A14.13
programming, A57.4 reduced airflow, A31.22 performance, A14.5
project residential hoods, A31.28 hazard assessment, A14.2
closeout, A57.8 restaurants, A31.21 heat recovery, A14.19
delivery, A57.8 exhaust hoods, A31 hospitals, A7.9
design, A57.6 ductless, A31.9 loads, A14.2
manual, A57.7 recirculating systems, A31.9, 13 nuclear facilities, A26.9
predesign, A57.8 residential, A31.27 paper testing labs, A24.3
quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC), systems, A31.2 radiochemistry labs, A14.18
A57.5 type I, A31.3 safety, A14.2, 11
schematic design, A57.1 type II, A31.3, 8 scale-up labs, A14.18
specifications exhaust systems, A31.2, 9, 28 stack heights, A14.13
outline, A57.7 ducts, A31.12; S18.5 supply air systems, A14.9
project manual, A57.7 effluent control, A31.9 system maintenance, A14.18
training, A57.5 fans, A31.12 system operation, A14.18
Integrated design process (IDP), A57.1 fire safety, A31.9 teaching labs, A14.18
Intercoolers, ammonia refrigeration systems, hoods, A31.2 types, A14.1
R2.3 maintenance, A31.26 ventilation, A14.8
Jails, A8.3 multiple-hood systems, A31.20, 24 Laboratory information management systems
Joule-Thomson cycle, R47.6 residential, A31.28 (LIMS), A8.7
Judges chambers, A8.4 terminations, A31.13 Lakes, heat transfer, A32.28
Juice, R38.1 fire safety, A31.22, 24 Laminar flow
Jury facilities, A8.4 fire suppression, A31.22 air, A16.4
Justice facilities, A8 multiple-hood systems, A31.24 fluids, F3.2
control rooms, A8.3, 4 prevention of fire spread, A31.24 Large eddy simulation (LES), turbulence
courthouses, A8.4 protection, A31.22 modeling, F13.3; F24.10
courtrooms, A8.4, 4 residential, A31.28 Laser Doppler anemometers (LDA), F36.16
dining halls, A8.4 grease removal, A31.3, 9 Laser Doppler velocimeters (LDV), F36.16
energy considerations, A8.2 heat recovery, A31.21 Latent energy change materials, A34.2; S50.2
fire/smoke management, A8.3 indoor air quality (IAQ), A31.13 Laundries
fitness facilities, A8.5 in justice facilities, A8.4 evaporative cooling, A51.13
forensic labs, A8.1, 5 integration and balancing, A31.18 in justice facilities, A8.4; F25.9
guard stations, A8.3, 4 maintenance, A31.26 service water heating, A49.21
health issues, A8.3 makeup air systems LCCP. See Life-cycle climate performance
heating and cooling plants, A8.2 air distribution, A31.15 (LCCP)
jail cells, A8.5 maintenance, A31.26 LCR. See Load collector ratio (LCR)
jails, A8.3 replacement, A31.13 LD50 mean lethal dose, A58.4
judges chambers, A8.4, 4 residential, A31.28 LDA. See Laser Doppler anemometers (LDA)
jury rooms, A8.4 operation, A31.25 LDV. See Laser Doppler velocimeters (LDV)
juvenile, A8.1 residential, A31.27 LE. See Life expectancy (LE) rating
kitchens, A8.4 service water heating, A49.7 Leakage, ducts, S18.2
laundries, A8.4 ventilation, A31 Leakage function, relationship, F16.14
libraries, A8.3, 5 Kleemenko cycle, R47.13 Leak detection of refrigerants, F29.8
police stations, A8.1 Krypton, recovery, R47.18 methods, R8.4
prisons, A8.3 Kyoto protocol, F35.4 Legionella pneumophila, A48.6; F10.6
system controls A8.3 Laboratories, A14 air washers, S40.9
system requirements, A8.1 air distribution, A14.9 control, A48.7
terminology, A8.1 air filtration, A14.9 cooling towers, S39.12, 13
types of, A8.1 air intakes, A14.13 decorative fountains, A48.7
U.S. Marshals, A8.5 animal labs, A14.14 evaporative coolers, S40.9
Juvenile facilities, A8.1. (See also Family cage environment, A22.9 hospitals, A7.2
courts) ventilation performance, A22.9 Legionnaires disease, A48.6
K-12 schools, A6.3 biological safety cabinets, A14.6 service water systems, A49.9
Kelvins equation, F25.9 biosafety levels, A14.17 Legionnaires disease. See Legionella
Kirchoffs law, F4.12 clean benches, A14.8 pneumophila
Kitchens, A31 cleanrooms, A16.1 LES. See Large eddy simulation (LES)
air balancing, A31.18 clinical labs, A14.18 Lewis relation, F6.9; F9.4
multiple-hood systems, A31.20 commissioning, A14.19 Libraries. See Museums, galleries, archives,
air conditioning, A3.5, 6 compressed gas storage, A14.8 and libraries

Life expectancy (LE) rating, film, A20.3 ammonia refrigeration, R2.7 air-cooled, S38.13
Lighting component characteristics, R12.3 evaporative, S38.18
cooling load, F18.3 effects, R12.28 water-cooled, S38.7
greenhouses, A22.14 evaporator return, R12.15 cooking equipment, A31.26
heat gain, F18.3 foaming, R12.27 coolers, liquid, S41.6
plant environments, A22.17 halocarbon refrigeration cooling towers, S39.11
sensors, F7.10 compressor floodback protection, R1.31 costs, A36.6
Light measurement, F36.28 liquid indicators, R1.32 documentation, A38.3
LIMS. See Laboratory information lubricant management, R1.10 energy recovery equipment, S25.7, 11
management systems (LIMS) moisture indicators, R1.31 evaporative coolers, S40.8
Linde cycle, R47.6 purge units, R1.32 filters, air, S28.8
Liquefied natural gas (LNG), S17.4 receivers, R1.32 gaseous air cleaners, A45.14
vaporization systems, S17.4 refrigerant driers, R1.31 heat pumps, unitary, S48.2
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), F28.5 separators, R1.30 industrial air-conditioning systems, A12.8
Liquid overfeed (recirculation) systems, R4 strainers, R1.31 infrared heaters, S15.5
ammonia refrigeration systems, R2.22 surge drums or accumulators, R1.30 kitchen ventilation systems, A31.25, 28
circulating rate, R4.3 mineral oil laboratory HVAC equipment, A14.18
evaporators, R4.6 aromatics, R12.3 liquid chillers, S42.15
line sizing, R4.7 naphthenes (cycloparaffins), R12.3 makeup air units, S27.10
liquid separators, R4.7 nonhydrocarbons, R12.3 management, A38
overfeed rate, R4.3 paraffins, R12.3 manual, A38.3
pump selection, R4.5 miscibility, R12.13 solar energy systems, A33.24
receiver sizing, R4.7 moisture content, R8.1 terminology, A38.1
recirculation, R4.1 oxidation, R12.27 turbines
refrigerant distribution, R4.2 properties, R12.4 combustion, S7.22

terminology, R4.1 floc point, R12.20 steam, S7.31
Lithium bromide/water, F30.1, 69 viscosity, R12.5 unit heaters, S27.8
Lithium chloride, S23.2 refrigerant Makeup air units, S27.8
Load calculations contamination, R7.7 applications, S27.8
cargo containers, R25.8 reactions with, R6.5 codes, S27.9
coils, air-cooling and dehumidifying, S22.14 solutions, R12.8 commissioning, S27.9
computer calculation, A39.5 density, R12.9 controls, A46.18; S27.9
humidification, S21.3 solubility, R12.10, 12, 14 design, S27.8
hydronic systems, S12.2 viscosity, R12.14 maintenance, S27.10
internal heat load, R24.3 requirements, R12.2 selection, S27.8
nonresidential, F18.1, 18 separators, R11.23 standards, S27.9
precooling fruits and vegetables, R28.1 solubility types, S27.9
refrigerated facilities air, R12.27 Malls, A2.6
air exchange, R24.4 hydrocarbon gases, R12.22 Manometers, differential pressure readout,
direct flow through doorways, R24.6 refrigerant solutions, R12.10, 12, 14 A37.12
equipment, R24.6 water, R12.25 Manufactured homes, A1.6
infiltration, R24.4 stability, R12.28 airflow modeling example, F13.18
internal, R24.3 synthetic lubricants, R12.3 Masonry, insulation, F26.7. (See also Building
product, R24.3 testing, R12.1 envelopes)
transmission, R24.1 wax separation, R12.20 Mass transfer, F6
residential cooling Lubrication convection, F6.5
residential heat balance (RHB) method, combustion turbines, S7.22 eddy diffusion, F6.9
F17.2 compressors Lewis relation, F6.9; F9.4
residential load factor (RLF) method, centrifugal, S37.36 energy recovery, air-to-air, S25.5, 7
F17.2 reciprocating, S37.10 heat transfer simultaneous with, F6.9
residential heating rotary, S37.13 air washers, F6.11
crawlspace, F17.11 single-screw, S37.15 cooling coils, F6.12
procedure, F17.11 twin-screw, S37.22 cooling towers, F6.12
snow-melting systems, A50.1 engines, S7.12 dehumidifying coils, F6.12
Load collector ratio (LCR), A33.22 Mach number, S37.31 direct-contact equipment, F6.10
Local exhaust. See Exhaust Maintenance. (See also Operation and enthalpy potential, F6.9
Loss coefficients maintenance) molecular diffusion, F6.1
control valves, F3.9 absorption units, R18.7 in liquids and solids, F6.4
duct fitting database, F21.9 air cleaners, S28.8 two-film theory, S29.21
fittings, F3.8 air conditioners, retail store, A2.1 simultaneous, F6.9
flexible ducts, F21.9 air washers, S40.8 Mass-transit systems
Louvers, F15.29 chillers, S42.5, 12 buses, A9.12, 13
Low-temperature water (LTW) system, S12.1 coils bus garages, A13.20
LPG. See Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) air-cooling and dehumidifying, S22.15 bus terminals, A13.22
LTW. See Low-temperature water (LTW) air-heating, S26.5 diesel locomotive facilities, A13.25
system combined heat and power (CHP) systems, enclosed vehicular facilities, A13.1
Lubricants, R12. (See also Lubrication; Oil) S7.17 environmental control, A9.1
additives, R12.4 condensers, S38 fixed-guideway vehicles, A9.12

rail cars, A9.12, 16 Mechanical traps, steam systems, S10.8 permeance, F36.30
rapid transit, A9.16; A13.10 Medium-temperature water (MTW) system, problems, in buildings, F25.8
stations, A13.13 S12.1 ratio, F25.2
thermal comfort, A9.12; A13.13 Meshes, for computational fluid dynamics, F13.4 in refrigerant systems
thermal load analysis, A9.13; A13.14 refining, F13.11 control, R7.1
tunnels Metabolic rate, F9.6 desiccants, R7.3
railroad, A13.14 Metals and alloys, low-temperature, R48.6 driers, R7.6
rapid transit, A13.10 Microbial growth, R22.4 drying methods, R7.2
subway, A13.10 Microbiology of foods, R22.1 effects, R7.1
ventilation, A9.12; A13.4 Mines, A27 factory dehydration, R8.1
McLeod gages, F36.13 heat sources, A27.2 hydrocarbon gases solubility, R12.22
Mean infectious dose (ID50), A58.4 mechanical refrigeration plants, A27.9 indicators, R7.3
Mean lethal dose (LD50), A58.4 spot coolers, A27.10 lubricant solubility, R12.25
Mean radiant temperature (MRT), A53.1 ventilation, A27.1 measurement, R7.3; R8.3
Mean temperature difference, F4.21 wall rock heat flow, A27.2 solubility, R7.1
Measurement, F36. (See also Instruments) Modeling. (See also Data-driven modeling; sources, R7.1; R8.1
air exchange rates, F16.12 Energy, modeling) in roofs, A43.6
airflow, A37.2 airflow, A16.4 solar vapor drive, F25.3
air infiltration, F36.22 around buildings, F24.9 sorption isotherms, F36.30
air leakage, F16.15 in buildings, F13.1 storage in building materials, F26.15
airtightness, F36.22 contaminant transport, F13.16 transfer, F25.2
carbon dioxide, F36.23 multizone, F13.1, 14 examples, F27.8
combustion analysis, F36.32 pollutant transport, F13.1, 18 transient, F25.12
contaminants, F36.32 turbulence, F13.3 transmission data, F26.1
data acquisition, F36.32 wind tunnels, F24.10 in walls, A43.4

electricity, F36.26 boilers, F19.14 water vapor retarders, F16.17; F26.15
fluid flow, A37.11; F3.10; F36.19 compressor, F19.15 in windows, A43.7
gaseous contaminants, A45.4 condenser and evaporator, F19.15 Mold, F25.14
heat transfer in insulation, F36.31 controls, F19.23 Montreal Protocol, F29.1
humidity, F36.10 cooling tower, F19.16 Motors, S44
light levels, F36.28 moisture in buildings, F25.13 air volume control, S44.8
moisture content, F36.30; R7.3 scale simulation and testing, A44.10 codes, S44.2
in refrigeration systems, R8.3 small forced-air heating systems, S9.12 compressors, S37.6
moisture transfer, F36.30 systems, F19.17 controls, S44.6
odors, F12.5 thermal (hot-box method), F25.7 current imbalance, S44.2
pressure, F36.13 validation, F19.31 efficiency, S44.2
rotative speed, F36.26 Moist air evaporative cooling, A51.12
sound, F36.27 psychrometrics, F1.1 field assembly and refrigerant contamination,
temperature, F36.4 thermodynamic properties R7.8
thermal comfort, F36.29 standard pressure, F1.10 furnaces, residential, S32.2
uncertainty analysis, A40.12; F36.3 temperature scale, F1.2 general purpose, S44.4
velocity, F36.14 transport properties, F1.15 harmonics, S44.12
vibration, F36.26 viscosity, F1.15 hermetic, S44.4
Meat, R30 Moisture burnout, R7.8
display refrigerators, R15.7 in animal facilities, A22.2 impedance, S44.10
food processing, R30.1 in building materials, F25.8 induction, S44.4
frozen, R30.16 capacity, F25.2 integral thermal protection, S44.5
packaged fresh cuts, R30.11 in ceilings, A43.6 inverter duty, S44.10
processing facilities combustion, F28.12 noise, S44.11
boxed beef, R30.7 condensation, S21.2 power factor correction capacitors, S44.13
carcass coolers content, F25.2 power supply (ac), S44.1
beef, R30.2 control, F25; F26; F27 protection, S44.5
calves, R30.10 terminology, F25.1 pumps, centrifugal, S43.8, 11, 12
hogs, R30.8 diffusivity, F36.31 service factor, S44.4
lamb, R30.10 farm crops content, A23.1 standards, S44.2
energy conservation, R30.17 flow starting, and electricity, S44.7
pork trimmings, R30.10 and air- and heat flow, F25.12 switching times, S44.10
processed meats isothermal, F25.12 torque, S44.4
bacon slicing rooms, R30.13 mechanisms, F25.10 in variable-speed drives, S44.10
freezing, R30.15 modeling, F25.13 voltage imbalance, S44.1
lard chilling, R30.14 flux, F25.2 Movie theaters, A4.3
sausage dry rooms, R30.13 in foundations, A43.2 MRT. See Mean radiant temperature
smokehouses, R30.12 hygrothermal modeling, F25.13 (MRT)
sanitation, R30.1 in insulation, F26.1 Multifamily residences, A1.5
shipping docks, R30.17 for refrigeration piping, R10 Multiple-use complexes
variety meats, R30.10 measurement, F36.30 air conditioning, A5.8
retail storage, R15.12 paint, effects on, F25.14 design criteria, A5.1
thermal properties, R19.1 permeability, F36.30 load characteristics, A5.1

systems, A5.1, 2 NPSP. See Net positive suction pressure steam convection heating, S10.11; 1993
energy inefficient, A5.2 (NPSP) Fundamentals, Chapter 33, pp. 18-19 (See
total energy, A5.2 NTU. See Number of transfer units (NTU) explanation on first page of index.)
Multisplit unitary equipment, S48.1 Nuclear facilities, A26 Operating costs, A36.4
Multizone airflow modeling, F13.14 air filtration, A26.3, 7 Operation and maintenance, A38. (See also
applications example, F13.18 basic technology, A26.1 Maintenance)
approaches, F13.16 codes, A26.10 compressors, S37.36
verification and validation, F13.17 criticality, A26.1 condition monitoring, A38.5
Museums, galleries, archives, and libraries decommissioning, A26.10 desciccant dehumidifiers, S23.7
air distribution, A21.18 Department of Energy facilities requirements documentation, A38.3
air filtration, A21.18 confinement systems, A26.4 industrial exhaust systems, A30.8
artifact deterioration, A21.4 ventilation, A26.4 exhaust gas cleaning equipment, S29.29
building construction, A21.12 fire protection, A26.2 laboratory HVAC equipment, A14.18
dehumidification, A21.17, 19 HVAC design considerations, A26.1 management
exhibit cases, A21.5 Nuclear Regulatory Commission requirements condition monitoring, A38.5
humidification, A21.17 boiling water reactors, A26.7 results-oriented maintenance, A38.2
mold growth, A21.4 laboratories, A26.9 system complexity, A38.4
outside air, A21.17 medical and research reactors, A26.9 manuals, A38.3
relative humidity, effect on artifacts, A21.4 other buildings and rooms, A26.8 new technology, A38.7
system selection, A21.14 power plants, A26.5 responsibilities, A38.6
temperature, effect on artifacts, A21.3 pressurized water reactors, A26.7 Outlets, air diffusion, performance, F20.10
Natatoriums. (See also Swimming pools) radioactive waste facilities, A26.10 Outpatient health care facilities, A7.13
air conditioning, A4.6 safety design, A26.1 Outside air, free cooling
dehumidifiers, S24.4 standards, A26.10 cooling towers, S39.9
duct design, A4.7 tornado and wind protection, A26.2 liquid chillers, S42.12
envelope design, A4.7 Number of transfer units (NTU) Owning costs, A36.1
load estimation, A4.6 cooling towers, S39.16 Oxygen
pool water chemistry, A4.7 heat transfer, F4.22 in aircraft cabins, A10.9
ventilation requirements, A4.6 Nursing facilities, A7.14 liquid, R47.3
Natural gas, F28.5 service water heating, A49.13 recovery, R47.17
liquefaction, R47.8 Nuts, storage, R42.7 Ozone
liquefied, R47.3 Odors, F12 activated carbon air cleaner, A45.12
pipe sizing, F22.18 analytical measurement, F12.5 in aircraft cabins
processing, R47.19 control of, in industrial exhaust gas cleaning, catalytic converters, A10.7, 8
separation, R47.18 S29.26, 27 limits, A10.1
Navier-Stokes equations, F13.1 factors affecting, F12.2, 5 electronic air filters, S28.8
Reynolds-averaged, F13.3 odor units, F12.5 health effects, F10.11
NC curves. See Noise criterion (NC) curves olf unit, F12.6 Ozone depletion potential (ODP), R6.1
Net positive suction pressure (NPSP), A32.6, sense of smell, F12.1 PAC. See Polycyclic aromatic compounds
25; R2.3; S43.9 sensory measurement, F12.2 (PAC)
Nightclubs, A3.6 acceptability, F12.5 Packaged terminal air conditioners (PTACs),
Night setback sources, F12.1 S49.5
furnaces, residential, S9.15, 16 suprathreshold intensity, F12.3 residential, A1.6
recovery, A41.27 threshold, F12.1 Packaged terminal heat pumps (PTHPs),
Nitrogen ODP. See Ozone depletion potential S49.5
liquid, R47.3 (ODP) residential, A1.6
recovery, R47.17 Office buildings PAH. See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Noise, F8.13. (See also Sound) air conditioning, A3.6 (PAH)
air conditioners, room, S49.4 space requirements, A3.7 Paint, and moisture problems, F25.14
combustion, F28.17 service water heating, A49.13, 16 Panel heating and cooling, S6. (See also
compressors Oil, fuel, F28.6 Radiant heating and cooling)
centrifugal, S37.5, 23, 34 characteristics, F28.6 advantages, S6.1
scroll, S37.26 distillate oils, F28.6 air-heated/cooled panels, S6.19
single-screw, S37.18 handling, S30.15 capillary tube mats, S6.7
condensing units, R15.18 heating value, F28.7 control, S6.19
control, with insulation, F23.4 pipe sizing, F22.19 cooling, S6.1
controls, A16.17 preparation, S30.16 design, S6.6
engine test facilities, A15.4 residual oils, F28.6 calculations, S6.8
fans, S20.8 storage buildings, A25.9 disadvantages, S6.2
fluid flow, F3.13 storage tanks, S30.14 electric heating systems, S6.16
health effects, F10.16 sulfur content, F28.7 ceiling, S6.16
valves, S46.2 viscosity, F28.6 floor, S6.18
water pipes, F22.5 Oil. (See also Lubricants) wall, S6.18
Noise criterion (NC) curves, A47.31; F8.16 in refrigerant systems, R12.3 heat flux
balanced (NCB), A47.32 in two-phase flow, F5.11 combined, S6.5
Noncondensable gases Olf unit, F12.6 natural convection, S6.3
condensers, water-cooled, S38.6 One-pipe systems thermal radiation, S6.2
refrigerant contamination, R7.7 chilled-water, S12.19 heating, S6.1

hybrid HVAC, S6.1 thermal conductivity retail food store refrigeration, R15.13
hydronic systems, S6.11 solids, F33.3 service water, F22.8
ceiling, S6.13 vapors, F33.1 cold water sizing procedure, F22.11
design considerations, S6.11 viscosity steam, F22.12
distribution and layout, S6.14 liquids, F33.2 condensate return, F22.13
floor, S6.15 vapors, F33.1 high-pressure, F22.13
wall, S6.15 Physiological principles, humans. (See also low-pressure, F22.13
Paper Comfort) two-pipe systems, F22.13
moisture content, A18.2 adaptation, F9.16 valves, F22.1, 8; R2.8
photographic, A20.1 age, F9.16 water
storage, A20.3 body surface area (DuBois), F9.3 fixture units, F22.9
Paper products facilities, A24 clothing, F9.8 flow rate limitations, F22.5
air conditioning, A24.2 cooling load, F18.3 aging allowances, F22.5
conduction drying, A28.3 DuBois equation, F9.3 erosion, F22.5
control rooms, A24.3 energy balance, F9.2 noise, F22.5
evaporative cooling, A51.13 heat stress, F9.21, 24 water hammer, F22.6
finishing area, A24.3 heat transfer coefficients standards, fittings, S45.2
machine area, A24.2 convective, F9.7 steel, S45.1
system selection, A24.4 evaporative, F9.8 stress calculations, S45.7
testing laboratories, A24.3 Lewis relation, F9.4 supporting elements, S11.18; S45.8
Paraffins, R12.3 radiative, F9.7 Piping. (See also Pipes)
Parallel compressor systems, R15.14 hypothalamus, F9.1 boilers, S10.3
Particulate matter, indoor air quality (IAQ), hypothermia, F9.1 capacity tables, R1.515
F10.4, 5 latent heat loss, F9.3, 10 codes, S45.6
Pasteurization, R33.2 mechanical efficiency, F9.6 cooling towers, S13.2; S39.8

beverages, R39.6 metabolic rate, F9.6 district heating and cooling
dairy products, R33.2 respiratory heat loss, F9.4 distribution system, S11.6
eggs, R34.4, 10 seasonal rhythms, F9.16 heat transfer, S11.9
juices, R38.4, 7 sensible heat loss, F9.3 insulation thickness, S11.17
Peanuts, drying, A23.8 sex, F9.16 geothermal energy systems, A32.7
PEL. See Permissible exposure limits (PEL) skin heat loss, F9.3, 5 heat carrying capacity, S12.3
Performance contracting, A40.2 skin wettedness, F9.21 hydronic snow melting, A50.11
Permafrost stabilization, R45.4 thermal exchanges, F9.2 insulation, R10.1
Permeability thermoregulation, F9.1 radiant panels, hydronic, S6.14
clothing, F9.8 vasodilation, F9.1 refrigerant
vapor, F36.30 Pigs. See Swine ammonia systems, R2.1; R3.6
water vapor, F25.2 Pipes, S45. (See also Piping) below-ambient, R10.1
Permeance buried, heat transfer analysis, S11.11 halocarbon systems, R1.1
air, F25.2 codes, S45.6 heat gain limits, R10.1
thickness, F36.30 cold springing, S11.18; S45.11 insulation, R10.1
water vapor, F25.2 computer analysis, A39.7 jacketing, R10.7
Permissible exposure limits (PEL), F10.5 copper tube, S45.1 pipe preparation, R10.2
Pharmaceutical manufacturing cleanrooms, expansion, S11.18 supports and hangers, R10.8
A16.6 expansion bends, S45.10 vapor retarders, R10.7
Phase-change materials, thermal storage of, expansion joints, S45.12 service hot water, A49.4
A34.11, 21; S50.11, 21 expansion loops, S45.10, 11 solar energy, A33.12; S36.3
Photographic materials, A20 fluid flow, F3.1 sound
processing and printing requirements, heat transfer analysis, S11.9 control, A47.40
A20.1 insulation, F23.10 transmission, A37.24
storage, A20.1, 3 hangers, F23.10 standards, S11.19; S45.6
unprocessed materials, A20.1 installation, F23.10 system identification, F37.10
Photovoltaic (PV) systems, S36.18. (See also underground, F23.12 systems
Solar energy) iron, S45.2 ammonia refrigeration, R2.8
Physical properties of materials, F33 joining methods, S45.2, 2 compressor piping, R2.11, 12
boiling points, F33.1, 2 plastic, F22.11; S45.7, 8 condenser and receiver piping, R2.15
density selection, S45.6 evaporator piping, R2.18
liquids, F33.2 sizing, F22 halocarbon refrigeration
solids, F33.3 ammonia systems capacity tables, capacity tables, R1.39, 1115
vapors, F33.1 R2.9, 10 compressor, R1.24
emissivity of solids, F33.3 fittings, F22.1, 8 defrost gas supply lines, R1.20
freezing points, F33.2 fuel oil, F22.19 discharge lines, R1.18
heat of fusion, F33.2 gas, F22.18 double hot-gas risers, R1.19
heat of vaporization, F33.2 hydronic systems, F22.6; S12.22 draining prevention, R1.19
solids, F33.3 air separation, F22.6 evaporator, R1.28
specific heat insulation and vapor retarders, R2.11 gas velocity, R1.1
liquids, F33.2 isolated line sections, R2.11 hot-gas
solids, F33.3 pressure drop equations, F22.1 (discharge) mufflers, R1.20
vapors, F33.1, 2 refrigerant bypass, R1.34

insulation, R1.5 mixing, S4.7 hospitals, A7.3, 4
liquid cooler, flooded, R1.25, 26 sound attenuation, A47.12 readout, A37.12
location and arrangement, R1.5 stratification in, A37.2 dynamic, F36.13
minimum gas velocities, R1.19 PMV. See Predicted mean vote (PMV) gage, F36.13
oil transport up risers, R1.19 Police stations, A8.1 measurement, A37.2; F36.13
refrigerant feed devices, R1.26 Pollutant transport modeling. See Contami- sensors, F7.9
single riser and oil separator, R1.19 nants, indoor, concentration prediction smoke control, A52.5, 9
vibration and noise, R1.5 Pollution, air, and combustion, F28.7, 14 stairwells, A52.9, 10
solar energy, A33.12; S36.5, 7 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), static control, A46.8; F36.13
steam, S10.3, 5 F10.5 steam systems, S10.4
water, S14.7 Polydimethylsiloxane, F31.12 units, F36.13
circuits, S12.11 Ponds, spray, S39.5 vacuum, F36.13
distribution, S12.6 Pope cell, F36.12 Pressure drop. (See also Darcy-Weisbach
unit heaters, S27.7 Positive positioners, F7.8 equation)
vibration control, A47.40 Potatoes correlations, F5.11
vibration transmission, A37.24 processed, R40.5 pipe sizing, F22.1
Pitot tube, A37.2; F36.17 storage, A51.14 in plate heat exchangers, F5.13
Places of assembly, A4 Poultry. (See also Animal environments) two-phase fluid flow, F5.11
air conditioning, A4.2 chilling, R31.1 Pressure losses, district heating and cooling,
air distribution, A4.2 decontamination, R31.4 S11.7
air filtration, A4.1 freezing, R31.5 Primary-air systems, S5.10
air stratification, A4.2 packaging, R31.7 Printing plants, A18
arenas, A4.4 processing, R31.1, 4 air conditioning, A18.1
atriums, A4.8 processing plant sanitation, R31.9 air filtration, A18.4
auditoriums, A4.3 recommended environment, A22.8 binding areas, A18.4

concert halls, A4.4 refrigeration, retail, R31.10 collotype printing rooms, A18.4
convention centers, A4.5 storage, R31.10 letterpress areas, A18.2
exhibition centers, A4.5 tenderness control, R31.10 lithographic pressrooms, A18.3
fairs, A4.8 thawing, R31.11 paper moisture content control, A18.2
gymnasiums, A4.5 Power-law airflow model, F13.14 platemaking rooms, A18.2
houses of worship, A4.3 Power plants, A25 relief printing areas, A18.2
lighting loads, A4.1 buildings rotogravure pressrooms, A18.4
mechanical equipment rooms, A4.3 oil pump, A25.9 salvage systems, A18.4
movie theaters, A4.3 oil storage, A25.9 shipping areas, A18.4
natatoriums, A4.6 steam generator, A25.4 ink drying, A28.3
playhouses, A4.3 turbine generator, A25.7 Prisons, A8.3
precooling, A4.2 coal-handling facilities, A25.6, 9 Produce
sound control, A4.1 combined heat and power (CHP), S7.1 desiccation, R21.1
space conditions, A4.1 combustion turbine areas, A25.8 deterioration rate, R21.1
stadiums, A4.4 control center, A25.9 display refrigerators, R15.8
temporary exhibit buildings, A4.8 cooling, A25.10 Propane
vibration control, A4.1 design criteria, A25.1 commercial, F28.5
Planes. See Aircraft evaporative cooling, A51.13 furnaces, residential, S32.10
Planks equation, R20.7 fuel cells, S7.22 Propylene glycol, hydronic systems, S12.23
Plant environments, A22.10 heating, A25.10 Psychrometers, F1.9
controlled-environment rooms, A22.16 turbines Psychrometrics, F1
design, A22.10 combustion, S7.18 air handlers, S4.4
greenhouses, A22.10 steam, S7.25 chart, F1.11
carbon dioxide enrichment, A22.14 ventilation, A25.3 adiabatic mixing, F1.13
cooling, A22.12 rates, A25.2 of water, F1.13
energy conservation, A22.15 PPD. See Predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD) heat absorption and moisture gain, F1.14
evaporative cooling, A22.13 Prandtl number, F4.17 moist air, cooling and heating, F1.12
heating, A22.11 Precooling thermodynamic properties, F1.10
heat loss calculation, A22.11 buildings, A41.28 evaporative cooling systems,
humidity control, A22.14 flowers, cut, R28.11 A51.1, 11, 16, 17
photoperiod control, A22.14 fruits and vegetables, load calculation, R28.1 humidity parameters, F1.2
shading, A22.13 indirect evaporative, A51.3 industrial drying, A28.1
site selection, A22.10 places of assembly, A4.2 moist air
supplemental irradiance, A22.14 Predicted mean vote (PMV), F36.30 standard atmosphere, U.S., F1.1
ventilation, A22.12 comfort, F9.17 thermal conductivity, F1.15
other facilities, A22.21 Predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD), F9.17 thermodynamic properties, F1.2, 10
photoperiod control, A22.14 Preschools, A6.1 transport properties, F1.15
phytotrons, A22.18 Pressure viscosity, F1.15
plant growth chambers, A22.16 absolute, F36.13 perfect gas equations, F1.8
supplemental irradiance, A22.14 aircraft cabins, A10.2, 4, 6, 8 water at saturation, thermodynamic properties,
Plate heat exchangers (PHEs), S11.28 clean spaces, A16.15 F1.2
Plenums differential, F36.13 PTACs. See Packaged terminal air
construction, S18.4 conversion to head, A37.12 conditioners (PTACs)

PTHPs. See Packaged terminal heat pumps efficiency, S15.3 Radon, F10.10, 12, 17
(PTHPs) electric, S15.2 control, A43.3; A45.12; F16.20
Public buildings. See Commercial and public energy conservation, S15.1 indoor concentrations, F11.17
buildings; Places of assembly gas-fired, S15.1 Rail cars
Pulldown load, R15.5 indirect, S15.2 air conditioning, A9.15
Pumps maintenance, S15.5 air distribution, A9.17
centrifugal, S43 oil-fired, S15.3 heaters, A9.17
affinity laws, S43.7 precautions, S15.4 vehicle types, A9.15
antifreeze effect on, S12.24 reflectors, S15.4 Railroad tunnels, ventilation
arrangement, S43.9 installation, A53.8 design, A13.15
compound, S12.8 intensity, S15.1 diesel locomotive facilities, A13.25
pumping panels, A53.1, 8; S33.4; S35.5 equipment, A13.31
distributed, S43.12 applications, A53.8 locomotive cooling requirements, A13.15
parallel, S12.7; S43.10 control, A46.4 tunnel aerodynamics, A13.16
primary-secondary, S12.8; S43.12 heating, S33.4 tunnel purge, A13.16
series, S12.7; S43.11 hydronic systems, S35.5 Rain, and building envelopes, F25.3
variable-speed, S43.12 radiation patterns, A53.5 RANS. See Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes
standby pump, S12.8; S43.11 snow-melting systems, A50.16 (RANS) equation
two-speed motors, S43.11 terminology Rapid-transit systems. See Mass-transit
casing, S43.2 adjusted dry-bulb temperature, A53.1 systems
cavitation, S43.9 ambient temperature, A53.1 Rayleigh number, F4.18
commissioning, S43.13 angle factor, S15.5 RC curves. See Room criterion (RC) curves
construction, S43.1 effective radiant flux (ERF), A53.2; S15.5 Receivers
efficiency, best efficiency point (BEP), fixture efficiency, S15.4 ammonia refrigeration systems
S43.7 mean radiant temperature (MRT), high-pressure, R2.3

energy conservation, S43.13 A53.1; S6.1 piping, R2.15
impellers operative temperature, A53.1 through-type, R2.16
operation, S43.2 pattern efficiency, S15.4 halocarbon refrigerant, R1.21
trimming, S43.6, 7, 8 radiant flux distribution, S15.6 liquid overfeed systems, R4.7
installation, S43.13 radiation-generating ratio, S15.4 Recycling refrigerants, R9.3
mixing, S12.8 test instruments, A53.7 Refrigerant/absorbent pairs, F2.15
motors, S43.12 total space heating, A53.6 Refrigerant-control devices, R11
operation, S43.2, 13 Radiant time series (RTS) method, F18.2, 21 air conditioners, S48.6; S49.2
performance factors, F18.21 automobile air conditioners, A9.8
net positive suction, S43.9 load calculations, nonresidential, F18.1 capillary tubes, R11.24
operating point, S43.5 Radiation coolers, liquid, S41.5
pump curves, S12.6; S43.3, 5 atmospheric, A33.5 heat pumps
power, S43.6 diffuse, F15.15, 18 system, S8.7
radial thrust, S43.8 electromagnetic, F10.16 unitary, S48.10
selection, S43.9 ground-reflected, F15.15 lubricant separators, R11.23
types, S43.2 optical waves, F10.18 pressure transducers, R11.4
variable-speed, S12.8 radiant balance, F4.15 sensors, R11.4
chilled-water, A41.2, 6, 16, 17 radio waves, F10.18 short-tube restrictors, R11.31
sequencing, A41.16, 20 solar, A33.3 switches
condenser water, A41.6 thermal, F4.2, 11; S6.1 differential control, R11.2
as fluid flow indicators, A37.13 angle factors, F4.13 float, R11.3
geothermal wells, A32.26 blackbody, F4.11 pressure control, R11.1
lineshaft, A32.6 spectral emissive power, F4.12 valves, control
submersible, A32.6 black surface, F4.2 check, R11.21
hydronic snow melting, A50.13 display cases, R15.4 condenser pressure regulators, R11.15
liquid overfeed systems, R4.5 energy transfer, F4.11 condensing water regulators, R11.20
solar energy systems, A33.12 exchange between surfaces, F4.14 expansion,
systems, water, S12.6; S14.6 in gases, F4.16 constant pressure, R11.11, 14
variable-speed, A41.8, 17 gray, F4.2, 12 electric, R11.10
Purge units, centrifugal chillers, S42.11 heat transfer, F4.2 thermostatic, R11.5
Radiant heating and cooling, A53; S6.1; S15; infrared, F15.16 float, R11.17
S33.4. (See also Panel heating and cooling) Kirchoffs law, F4.12 pressure relief devices, R11.22
applications, A53.8 monochromatic emissive power, solenoid, R11.17
asymmetry, A53.5 F4.12 suction pressure regulators, R11.14
beam heating design, A53.4; S15.5 nonblack, F4.12 Refrigerants, F29.1
control, A46.4 transient, F4.8 absorption solutions, F30.1, 69
design, A53.2, 3 Radiators, S35.1, 5 ammonia, F30.1, 3435; R6.4
direct infrared, A53.1, 4, 8 design, S35.3 chemical reactions, R6.5
equations, A53.2 nonstandard condition corrections, S35.3 refrigeration system practices, R2.1
floor reradiation, A53.5 types, S35.1 refrigeration systems, R3.1
infrared, A53.1, 4, 8; S15 Radioactive gases, contaminants, F11.19 ammonia/water, F30.1, 69
beam heater design, S15.5 Radiometers, A53.7 analysis, R6.4
control, S15.4 Radio stations, A3.8 automobile air conditioners, A9.11

azeotropic, F2.6 recycling, R9.3 valves, R2.9
bakeries, R41.7 safety, F29.8 vessels, R2.3
carbon dioxide, F30.1, 3839 safety classifications, F29.2 autocascade systems, R48.1
refrigeration systems, R3.1 sound velocity, F29.5 azeotropic mixture, F2.6
cascade refrigeration systems, R48.3 systems beverage plants, R39.11
CFC conversion, R12.28 chemistry, R6.1 biomedical applications, R49.1
compatibility with other materials, R6.9 lubricants, R12.1 breweries, R39.3
elastomers, R6.11 thermodynamic properties carbon dioxide systems, R3.1
electrical insulation, R6.9 pressure-enthalpy diagrams, F30.1 cascade systems
plastics, R6.11 saturated liquid and vapor data, F30.1 compressors, R48.5
compositional groups, R6.1 tabular data, F30.1 refrigerants, R48.5
ammonia, R6.4 thermophysical properties, R3.2 chemical industry, R46.1, 2, 5
chlorofluorocarbons, R6.1 transport properties, F30 coefficient of performance (COP), F2.3, 13
fluoroethanes, R6.3 water/steam, F30.1, 3637 compression cycles
fluoroethers, R6.3 zeotropic, F2.6, 9 Carnot cycle, F2.6, 7
fluoromethanes, R6.3 Refrigerant transfer units (RTU), liquid Lorenz cycle, F2.8
fluoropropanes, R6.3 chillers, S42.12 multistage, F2.10
hydrocarbons, R6.4 Refrigerated facilities, R23 zeotropic mixture, F2.9
hydrochlorofluorocarbons, R6.1 air concrete, R45.1
hydrofluorocarbons, R6.3 circulation, R21.10 condensers, cascade, R5.1
computer analysis, A39.12 purification, R21.10 food
contaminants in, R7 automated, R23.4, 15 eggs and egg products, R34.1
generation by high temperature, R6.9 construction, R23.4 fish, R32.1
cryogenic fluids, F30.1, 5467 controlled-atmosphere storage, R23.3 vegetables, R37.1
effect on materials, F29.9 controls, R21.10 food processing facilities, R40.1

emissions, R9.1 design banana ripening rooms, R36.5
environmental acceptability, R6.1 building configuration, R23.1 control of microorganisms, R22.3
halocarbons, F30.1; R6.4 initial building considerations, R23.1 meat plants, R30.1
azeotropic blends, F30.1, 33 location, R23.1 food service equipment, R16
ethane series, F30.1, 1021 shipping and receiving docks, R23.3 fruits, fresh, R35.1; R36
flow rate, R1.1 single-story structures, R23.2 halocarbon systems, R1
hydrolysis, R6.5 specialized storage facilities, R23.3 accessories, R1.28
methane series, F30.1, 23 stacking arrangement, R23.2 heat exchangers, R1.28
propane series, F30.1, 25 utility space, R23.3 lubricant management, R1.10
refrigeration system practices, R1.1 freezers, R23.10 refrigerant receivers, R1.23
thermal stability, R6.4 insulation, R23.12 subcoolers, R1.29
zeotropic blends, F30.1, 2631 load calculations, R24.1 valves, R1.10
hydrocarbons, F30.1; R6.4 refrigerated rooms, R23.4 heat reclaim, service water heating, A49.4, 25
ethane, F30.1, 4243 refrigeration systems ice rinks, R44.1
ethylene, F30.5051 condensate drains, R23.9 insulation, R10.1
isobutane, F30.4849 defrosting, R23.9 liquid overfeed systems, R4.1
methane, F30.1, 4041 fan-coil units, R23.8 loads, R24.1; R40.3
n-butane, F30.1, 4647 multiple installations, R23.10 low-temperature
propane, F30.1, 4445 unitary, R23.7 autocascade systems, R48.1
propylene, F30.1, 5253 valves, R23.9 cascade systems, R48.3
leak detection, F29.8; R8.4; R9.2 sanitation, R21.10 heat transfer, R48.9
lines temperature pulldown, R23.15 material selection, R48.6
oil management, R1.10 vapor retarders, R23.5, 12 secondary coolants, R48.10
sizing, R1.2 Refrigeration, F1.1. (See also Absorption) single-refrigerant systems, R48.2
lithium bromide/water, F30.1, 69 absorption cycle, F2.13 lubricant coolers, R5.2
lubricant solutions, R12.8 air coolers, forced-circulation, R14.1 marine, R26
moisture in, R7.1 air transport, R27.3, 5 fishing vessels, R26.7
performance, F29.6 ammonia systems, R2 ships stores, R26.4
phaseout, costs, A36.8 compressors refrigerated-facility design, R23.1
piping, R1.1 cooling, R2.12, 13, 14 retail food store systems, R15.12
design, R10.1 piping, R2.11, 12 secondary coolant systems, R13.1
insulation, R10.1 types, R2.2 applications, R13.5
pressure drop controls, R2.7 coolant selection, R13.1
discharge lines, R1.5 converting systems, R2.21 design
suction lines, R1.4 equipment, R2.2 control valves, R13.2
properties, F29.1; R6.1, 4 evaporative condensers, R2.17 expansion tanks, R13.3, 5
electrical, F29.5 liquid recirculation (overfeed), R2.22 piping, R13.2
global environmental, F29.1 lubricant management, R2.7 pulldown time, R13.4
physical, F29.4 multistage systems, R2.21 storage tanks, R13.2
rail car air conditioning, A9.15 piping, R2.8 system costs, R13.5
reclamation, R9.4 safety, R2.27 soils, subsurface, R45.3, 4
removing contaminants, R9.2 system selection, R2.1 systems
recovery, R9.3 two-stage screw compressor, R2.21 charging, factory, R8.4

chemical reactions, R6.4 heating performance computer analysis, A13.2
component balancing, R5.1 climate effect, S9.15 controls, A13.9
contaminant control, R7 dynamic simulation model (HOUSE), ducts, A13.8
of moisture, R7.1 S9.12 emergency, A13.1
retrofitting, during, R7.9 factors, S9.12 air quantities, A13.8
copper plating, R6.7 night setback effect, S9.15, 16 enclosed facility, A13.4
dehydration, factory, R8.1 zone control, S9.9 enhancements, A13.7
design balance points, R5.2 furnaces, S32.1 equipment, A13.31
energy and mass balance, R5.3 gas burners, S30.5 hybrid, A13.7
evaluating system chemistry, R6.11 heating and cooling systems, A1.1 mechanical, A13.4
moisture in, R8.1 humidifiers, S9.1; S21.5 natural, A13.4
performance, R5.4 kitchen ventilation, A31.27 normal air quantities, A13.7
reactions, R6.7 oil burners, S30.11 normal conditions, A13.1
testing, factory, R8.4 ventilation, F16.17 pressure evaluation, A13.8
ultralow-temperature, R48.1 water heating, A49.11 temporary, A13.1
wineries, R39.8 Resistance, thermal, F4; F25; F26. (See also Roof ponds, Legionella pneumophila control,
Refrigeration load, R24. (See also Load R-values) A48.7
calculations) calculation, F4.1 Roofs
calculations, air-and-water systems, S5.11 contact, F4.8 air movement, A43.6
safety factor, R24.7 of flat assembly, F25.5 insulation, A43.5; F27.8
Refrigeration oils, R12. (See also Lubricants) of flat building components, F25.5 moisture control, A43.6
Refrigerators overall, F4.3 radiant barriers, A43.5
commercial radiant panels, S6.6 U-factors, F27.2
blast, R16.3 surface film, F25.1 wall interface, A43.7
energy efficiency, R16.7 Resistance temperature devices (RTDs), F7.9; Room air distribution, A56
freezers, R16.3 F36.6 air terminals, A56.1
temperatures, R16.2 Resistivity, thermal, F25.1 classification, A56.1
types, R16.1 Resource utilization factor (RUF), F34.2 occupant comfort, A56.1
cryocoolers, R47.11 Respiration of fruits and vegetables, R19.17 occupied zone, A56.1
food service, R16.1 Restaurants Room criterion (RC) curves, A47.31; F8.17
household air balancing, A31.18 Mark II, A47.32
absorption cycle, R18.8 air conditioning, A3.4, 5 Root mean square (RMS), F36.1
household, R17.1 commercial and public buildings, A3.4 Rotary vane compressors, S37.13
cabinets, R17.2 energy conservation, A31.21 Rotative speed, F36.26
defrosting, R17.5 kitchen ventilation, A31.1 Roughness factors, ducts, F21.6
durability, R17.12 service water heating, A49.13, 14, 19 RTDs. See Resistance temperature devices
ice makers, R17.2 Retail facilities, A2 (RTDs)
performance evaluation, R17.9 air conditioning, A2.1 RTS. See Radiant time series (RTS)
refrigerating systems, R17.4 convenience centers, A2.6 RTU. See Refrigerant transfer units (RTU)
safety, R17.11 department stores, A2.5 RUF. See Resource utilization factor (RUF)
mortuary, R16.3 design considerations, A2.1 Rusting, of building components, F25.15
retail food store discount and big-box stores, A2.2 R-values, F23; F25; F26. (See also Resistance,
display, A2.3; R15.1 load determination, A2.1 thermal)
storage, R15.11 malls, A2.6 zone method of calculation, F27.5, 6
walk-in, R16.3 multiple-use complexes, A2.7 Safety
Regulators. (See also Valves) refrigeration, R15.1 air cleaners, A45.13; S28.12
condenser pressure, R11.15 shopping centers, A2.6 automatic controls, A46.20
condensing water, R11.20 small stores, A2.1 burners, S30.1, 2, 20
draft, S34.28 supermarkets, A2.2 chemical plants, R46.2
pressure, steam, S10.9 refrigerators, R15.1 cryogenic equipment, R47.28
suction pressure, R11.14 service water heating, A49.14 electrical, A55.1
Residential systems, A1 Retrofit performance monitoring, A40.3 filters, air, S28.12
air cleaners, S28.9 Retrofitting refrigerant systems, contaminant industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S29.29
air leakage, F16.15 control, R7.9 nuclear facilities, A26.1
calculation, F16.23 Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) refrigerants, F29.2, 8
climatic infiltration zones, F16.19 equation, F13.3; F24.10 service water heating, A49.9
dehumidifiers, A1.5 airflow around buildings simulation, F24.10 solar energy systems, A33.24
duct construction, S18.2 Reynolds number, F3.3 thermal insulation and fires, F23.5
equipment sizing, A1.2 Rice, drying, A23.9 thermal insulation for, F23.2
forced-air systems RMS. See Root mean square (RMS) water systems, S14.9
air outlets and returns, S9.3 Road tunnels, A13.4 wood stoves, S33.6
selection, S9.10 carbon monoxide against attacks, A58.1
controls, S9.3 allowable concentrations, A13.7 UVGI systems, S16.8
design, S9.1, 3 analyzers and recorders, A13.9, 10 Safety showers, Legionella pneumophila control,
distribution design, S9.7 computer analysis, A13.2 A48.7
ducts, S9.6 vehicle emissions, A13.7 Sanitation
efficiency testing, S9.11 ventilation food production facilities, R22
furnace, S32.1 air quantities, A13.7, 8 control of microorganisms, R22.4

egg processing, R34.13 system planning, A49.2 airflow, A52.5
HACCP, R22.4 terminology, A49.1 buoyancy, A52.6
meat processing, R30.1 thermal storage, A34.11; S50.11 compartmentation, A52.4, 9
poultry processing, R31.9 water heating equipment dilution near fire, A52.5
regulations and standards, R22.5 placement, A49.10 pressurization, A52.5, 9, 10
refrigerated storage facilities, R21.10 sizing, A49.11, 23, 25 remote dilution, A52.4
Scale types, A49.2 rapid-transit systems, A13.12
control, A48.4 water quality, A49.8 road tunnels, A13.8
humidifiers, S21.4 SES. See Subway environment simulation smoke dampers, A52.8
service water systems, A49.8 (SES) program smoke movement
water treatment, A48.4 Shading buoyancy, A52.3
Schematic design, A57.8 coefficient, F15.28 expansion, A52.3
Schneider system, R23.7 devices, indoor, F15.49 HVAC systems, A52.4
Schools fenestration, F15.2 stack effect, A52.2
air conditioning, A6.3 Ship docks, A3.10 wind, A52.3
service water heating, A49.21 Ships, A11 stairwells
elementary, A49.13 air conditioning analysis, A52.10
high schools, A49.13, 16 air distribution, A11.3, 4 compartmentation, A52.9
Security. See Chemical, biological, radio- controls, A11.3, 4 open doors, A52.10
logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents design criteria, A11.1, 3 pressurization, A52.10, 11
Seeds, storage, A23.11 equipment selection, A11.2, 4 pressurized, A52.9
Seismic restraint, A47.46; A54.1 systems, A11.2, 4 zones, A52.11
anchor bolts, A54.14 cargo holds, R26.2 Smudging air outlets, S19.3
design, A54.1 cargo refrigeration, R26.1 Snow-melting systems, A50
design calculations coils, A11.4 back and edge heat losses, A50.6, 8
examples, A54.1521 ducts, A11.3 control, A50.10
static analysis, A54.3, 7 fish freezing, R26.8 electric system design
duct construction, S18.6 fish refrigeration constant wattage systems, A50.15
dynamic analysis, A54.2 icing, R26.7; R32.1 electrical equipment, A50.13
installation problems, A54.22 refrigerated seawater, R26.8; R32.2 gutters and downspouts, A50.17
snubbers, A54.15 merchant, A11.1 heat flux, A50.13
terminology, A54.2 naval surface, A11.3 idling, A50.18
weld capacities, A54.15 refrigerated stores, R26.4 heating elements, A50.13
Sensible heat refrigeration systems, R26.1 infrared systems, A50.16
psychrometrics, F1.14 regulatory agencies, A11.3 installation, A50.16
ratio, S49.2 Short-tube restrictors, R11.31 mineral insulated cable, A50.13
Sensors Single-duct systems, all-air, S4.10 free area ratio, A50.1
automatic controls, F7.8, 10 Skating rinks, R44.1 freeze protection systems, A50.10, 17
location, A46.23 Skylights, and solar heat gain, F15.19 heat balance, A50.1
Separators, lubricant, R11.23 Slab heating, A50 heating requirement
Service water heating, A49 Slab-on-grade foundations, A43.2 annual operating data, A50.8
combined heat and power (CHP), S7.43 moisture control, A43.3 heat flux equations, A50.2
commercial and institutional, A49.11 SLR. See Solar-load ratio (SLR) hydronic and electric, A50.1
corrosion, A49.8 Smoke management, A52 load frequencies, A50.6
design considerations, A49.4 acceptance testing, A52.17 surface size, A50.6
distribution system atriums, A52.12 transient heat flux, A50.6
for commercial kitchens, A49.7 computer analysis, A52.12, 13 weather data, A50.6
manifolding, A49.8 design wind speed, A50.6
piping, A49.4 door-opening forces, A52.6 hydronic system design
pressure differential, A49.5 flow areas components, A50.10
return pump sizing, A49.6 airflow paths, A52.6 controls, A50.13
two-temperature service, A49.8 effective, A52.6 fluid heater, A50.12
geothermal energy, A32.9 open doors, A52.8 heat transfer fluid, A50.10
indirect, A49.3, 25 pressure differences, A52.8 piping, A50.11
industrial, A49.23 weather data, A52.8 pump selection, A50.13
Legionella pneumophila, A49.9 elevators, A52.11 thermal stress, A50.13
pipe sizing, F22.8 hospitals, A7.5 operating costs, A50.10
requirements, A49.11 large open spaces slab design, hydronic and electric, A50.8
residential, A49.11 plugholing, A52.15 snow detectors, A50.10
safety, A49.9 plume, A52.13 Snubbers, seismic, A54.15
scale, A49.8 prestratification layer, A52.16 Sodium chloride brines, F31.1
sizing water heaters smoke filling, A52.14, 14 Soft drinks, R39.10
instantaneous and semi-instantaneous, steady clear height and upper layer Soils. (See also Earth)
A49.23 exhaust, A52.14 stabilization, R45.3, 4
refrigerant-based, A49.25 steady fire, A52.13, 14 temperature calculation, S11.10
storage heaters, A49.11, 15 unsteady fire, A52.13, 14 thermal conductivity, F26.12; S11.9
solar energy, A33.13, 18, 26; A49.4 zone fire models, A52.13 Solar energy, A33; S36.1
steam, S10.1 methods active systems, A33.16, 17, 19

airflow, A33.25 residential, A1.4 decibel, F8.1
collectors, A33.5, 6, 11, 25; S36.3 sizing, A33.19 frequency, F8.2
array design thermosiphon, A33.14 frequency spectrum, F8.15
piping, S36.7 heat pump systems, S8.4 intensity, F8.2
shading factor, S36.8 hybrid systems, A33.16 level, F8.1
concentrating, A33.8 hydraulics, A33.25 loudness, F8.14
construction installation, A33.23 pressure, F8.1
glazing, S36.4 irradiation, A33.4 quality, F8.14
insulation, S36.4 maintenance, A33.24 wavelength, F8.2
manifolds, S36.5 overheat protection, A33.24 testing, A37.18
design and installation, A33.25 passive systems, A33.16, 21 time averaging, F8.4
efficiency, A33.10 photovoltaic (PV) systems, A33.26; S36.18 transmission, A37.19; A47.20
flat plate, A33.5, 6 quality and quantity, A33.1 humidity affecting, S21.2
glazing materials, A33.7 radiation at earths surface, A33.3, 4 paths, F8.9
plates, A33.8 safety, A33.24 troubleshooting, A37.20
module design service water heating systems, A33.13, 18, 26; typical sources, F8.10
piping, S36.5 A34.2; A49.4; S50.2 unit heaters, S27.6
thermal expansion, S36.6 combined with space heating, A33.18 Sound control, A47; F8
velocity limits, S36.6 sizing heating and cooling systems, A33.19 acoustical design of HVAC systems, A47.1
mounting, A33.23 spectrum, A33.3 air handlers, S4.10
performance, A33.9; S36.8 start-up procedure, A33.24 A-weighted sound level (dBA), A47.32; F8.15
steady-state conditions, S36.8 thermal storage systems, A33.11, 25 barriers, A47.26; F8.11
selection, S36.9 short circuiting, S36.13 ceiling sound transmission, A47.30
testing, S36.9 sizing, S36.14 chillers, A47.10
types, S36.3 time, A33.1, 3 clean spaces, A16.17

constant, A33.1 types, S36.13 combustion turbines, S7.22
control, A33.25, 26; S36.16 uses, A33.26 cooling towers, S39.10
automatic temperature, S36.16 Solar heat gain data reliability, A47.1
differential temperature controller, S36.16 calculation, F15.17, 28 design, A47.2, 35; F8.15
hot-water dump, S36.17 coefficient, F15.17 ducts, A47.7; S18.4
overtemperature protection, S36.17 roof overhangs, F15.29 sound attenuation, A47.12; F8.12
cooling systems, A33.16, 18, 26 skylights, F15.19 branch division, A47
absorption refrigeration, A33.18; S36.3, 9 Solar-load ratio (SLR), A33.21 end reflection loss, A47.20
sizing, A33.19 Solar-optical glazing, F15.13 insulated flexible, A47.16
types, A33.16 Solar radiation plenums, A47.12
design, installation, operation checklist, daylighting, F15.1 sheet metal, A47.15
A33.25 flux, F15.28 silencers, A47.16
design values, solar irradiation, A33.4 optical properties, F15.15 sound transmission, A47.20
domestic hot water, A33.13, 26 Solid fuel enclosures, F8.12
equipment, S36.1 burners, S30.17 engines, S7.15
freeze protection, A33.24; S36.2, 17 coal, F28.8 engine test facilities, A15.4
heat exchangers, A33.12; S36.14 coke, F28.11 equipment sound levels, A47.3
external, S36.15 Solvent drying, constant-moisture, A28.6 fans, A47.4, 5
freeze protection, S36.17 Soot, F28.17 fume hood duct design, A47.27
internal, S36.14 Sorbents, F32.1 hotels and motels, A5.7
performance, S36.15 Sorption isotherm, F25.8 indoor sound rating, A47.31
requirements, S36.14 Sound, F8. (See also Noise) insertion loss, A47.16
heating systems, A33.16; A34.2; S50.2 air outlets, S19.2 justice facilities, A8.5, 6
active, A33.16, 17 attenuators, A47.12 mechanical equipment rooms, A47.28
air, S36.1, 7, 10 bandwidths, F8.4 noise criterion (NC) curves, A47.31; F8.16
components, A33.11 chillers, A47.10 outdoor
control, A33.13 combustion, F28.17 criteria, A47.35
design, S36.1 compressors, A47.10 equipment, A47.26
direct circulation, S36.2 computerized analysis, A39.8 piping, A47.40, 45
drain-down, A33.14 cooling towers, S39.10 places of assembly, A4.1
hybrid, A33.16 ducts, A47.7 return air system sound transmission, A47.30
indirect loudness, F8.14 rooftop air handlers, A47.6
circulation, S36.2 measurement, F36.27 room criterion (RC) curves, A47.31, 32; F8.17
drainback, A33.15; S36.2 basics, F8.5 room sound correction, A47.24
nonfreezing fluid, S36.2 instrumentation, A37.18; F8.4 standards, A47.48
water heating, A33.14 level meter, F8.4 terminology, F8.10
integral collector storage systems, power, F8.2 transmission loss, A47.21
A33.15; S36.3 pressure, F8.1 troubleshooting, A37.20; A47.46
liquid, S36.7, 10 rating methods, A47.31 variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, A47.5
freezing protection, S36.2 speed, F8.2 Soybeans, drying, A23.6
passive, A33.16 terminology Specific heat
pool heating, A33.15 bandwidths, F8.8 equation, F2.4
recirculation, A33.16 controlling, F8.10 foods, R19.7

liquids, F33.2 condensate removal, S10.6 desiccant dehumidification, S23.8
materials, F33.1 drainage and return, S11.7 high-pressure, S23.11
Spot cooling drip stations, S11.7 design, refrigerated-facility, R23.1
evaporative, A51.12 return pipes, S11.19 eggs, R34.5
industrial environments, A29.3, 5; A51.12 convection heating, S10.11 farm crops, A23.9
makeup air units, S27.8 design, S10.2; S35.3 fish
mines, A27.10 piping, S10.5 fresh, R32.3
Spot heating, A53.4 pressure, S10.4 frozen, R32.7
Stack effect distribution, S10.12 flowers, cut, R21.12
duct design, F21.2 district heating and cooling, S11.18 food, canned or dried, R21.11
multizone airflow modeling, F13.14 district heating and cooling, S11.3, 19, 30 fruit
smoke movement, A52.2 flash steam, S10.14 dried, R42.7
Stadiums, A4.4 percentage, S10.2 fresh, R35.1
Stainless steel boilers, S31.3 flash tank, S10.14 furs and fabrics, R21.11
Stairwells, smoke control, A52.9 gas, effects of, S10.2 ice, R43.4
Standard atmosphere, U.S., F1.1 generator buildings, A25.4 meat products, frozen, R30.16
Standards, R51. (See also Codes) heat exchangers, S10.3 milk, R33.4
air cleaners, S28.3, 5 heating, A48.11 nursery stock, R21.12
air conditioners, S48 heat recovery nuts, R42.7
packaged terminal, S49.7 direct recovery, S10.15 photographic materials, A20.3, 4
room, S49.4 flash steam, S10.14 unprocessed, A20.1
unitary, S48.5, 6 waste heat boilers, S10.3 potatoes, A51.14
air distribution, A56.1 makeup air units, S27.9 poultry products, R31.10
boilers, S31.5 one-pipe systems, S10.11; 1993 refrigerated-facility design, R23.1
chimneys, fireplaces, and gas vents, Fundamentals, Chapter 33, pp. 18-19 (See seeds, A23.11; R21.13
S34.27, 32 explanation on first page of index.) tanks, secondary coolant systems, R13.2
condensers, S38 piping vegetables, R37.3
evaporative, S38.18 distribution, S10.5 dried, R42.7
water-cooled, S38.7 Hartford loop, S10.3 wine, R39.10
coolers, liquid, S41.4 inlet orifices, S10.12 wood products, A24.2
data processing, A17.15 return, S10.3, 6 Stoves, heating, S33.5
dehumidifiers, room, S24.3 sizing, F22.12 Stratification
duct construction, S18.1 supply, S10.3, 5, 12 of air
commercial, S18.2 terminal equipment, S10.6 in places of assembly, A4.2
industrial, S18.4 temperature control, S10.13 in plenums, A37.2
residential, S18.2 terminal equipment of water, in thermal storage tanks, A34.4;
electrical, A55.15 forced-convection, S10.11 S50.4
filters, air, S28.3, 5 natural convection, S10.11 Stroboscopes, F36.26
furnaces, S32.11 units, S35.1 Subcoolers
heaters, S33.6, 7 piping design, S10.6 condensers, S38
heat pumps, S48 radiant panel, S10.11 evaporative, S38.17
packaged terminal, S49.7 traps, S10.7 water-cooled, S38.5
unitary, S48.5, 6 turbines, S7.25 two-stage, R1.29
water-source, S48.12 two-pipe systems, S10.12 Subway environment simulation (SES)
indoor air quality (IAQ), F10.10 unit program, A13.2
liquid chillers, S42.5 heaters, S27.4 Subway systems. (See also Mass-transit
makeup air units, S27.9 ventilators, S27.1 systems)
motors, S44.2, 10 valves car air conditioning, A9.16
nuclear facilities, A26.10 pressure-reducing, S10.9 station air conditioning, A13.13
pipe fittings, S45.2 safety, S10.9 ventilation, A13.10
piping, S11.19; S45.6 temperature control, S10.13 Suction risers, R2.26
sound control, A47.48 water, effects of, S10.2 Sulfur content, fuel oils, F28.7
ventilation, F16.18 Steam traps, S10.7 Superconductivity, diamagnetism, R47.5
vibration control, A47.48 Stefan-Boltzmann equation, F4.2, 11 Supervisory control, A41
Static electricity and humidity, S21.2 Stevens law, F12.3 air-handling systems
Steam Stirling cycle, R47.14 air distribution, A41.2
quality, S10.2 Stokers, S30.17 sequencing, A41.26
sources, S10.2 Storage set point reset, A41.27
testing, adjusting, balancing, A37.15 apples, A51.14; R35.1, 3 boilers, optimizing, A41.3
thermophysical properties, F30.1, 3637 controlled atmosphere, R35.1, 3 building temperature set point
Steam systems, S10 bakery ingredients, R41.1 night setback recovery, A41.27
air, effects of, S10.2 candy, R42.5 precooling, A41.28
boilers, S10.3; S31.1 carbon dioxide, R39.12 chilled-water pumps, A41.6, 16, 17
classification, S10.2 citrus, A51.14; R36.3 chillers
coils, air-heating, S26.1 cold, facility design, R23.1 load distribution, A41.21
combined heat and power (CHP) distribution, compressed gases, A14.8 sequencing, A41.6, 20, 23
S7.44 controlled-atmosphere (CA), R23.3 computerized, A39.15
combined steam and water, S10.15 cryogenic fluids, R47.26 cooling systems without storage, A41.5

cooling tower fans, A41.8, 12 wet-globe, F9.22 procedure, A37.21
cool thermal storage systems, A41.29 wind chill index, F9.22 Testing, adjusting, and balancing. (See also
ice storage control optimization, A41.37 Temperature-controlled transport, R25.1 Balancing)
forecasting energy requirements, A41.31 Temperature index, S21.2 air diffusers, A37.2
optimization methods Terminal units, A46.14; S19.8 air distribution systems, A37.3
dynamic, A41.36 air distribution, S4.15 reporting results, A37.6
static, A41.32 boxes airflow measurement, A37.2
system based, A41.33 reheat, A46.14; S4.16 balancing procedure, A37.5
performance measures, A41.2 variable-air-volume (VAV), A47.6 central plant chilled-water systems, A37.14
Supply air outlets, S19.1. (See also Air outlets) bypass, S19.10 cooling towers, A37.15
Surface effect. See Coanda effect ceiling, S19.9 design considerations, A37.1
Surface transportation chilled beams, S5.7 dual-duct systems, A37.4
automobiles, A9.1 constant volume, S4.16 duct design, F21.16
buses, A9.13 dual-duct, S19.8 energy audit field survey, A37.17
fixed-guideway vehicles, A9.18 fan-coil, S5.4 fluid flow measurement, A37.11
mass transit, A9.12 fan-powered, A46.14; S4.16; S19.9 HVAC systems, A37.1
rail cars, A9.15 humidifiers, S4.17 hydronic systems, A37.6
Surface water heat pump (SWHP) induction, A46.15; S4.16 heat transfer vs. flow, A37.6, 7
heat exchanger, S48.12 induction units, S5.8 water-side balancing
subset of GSHPs, A32.11 radiant floor heat, S5.8 instrumentation, A37.8
Sustainability, F16.1; F35.1; S48.2 radiant panels, S5.8 proportional method, A37.9
and air, noise, and water pollution, F35.3 reheat, S19.8 rated differential method, A37.10
chimney, S34.1 steam systems, S10.11 sizing balancing valves, A37.8
climate change, F35.3 throttling, S4.16 temperature difference method, A37.9
design, A56.2 unit ventilators, S5.6 total heat transfer method, A37.11
design process, F35.5 variable-air-volume (VAV), S4.16 induction systems, A37.5
energy resources, F35.2 Terminology, R50 instruments, A37.3
and green design, F35.1 Terrorism. See Chemical, biological, radio- sound transmission problems, A37.19, 24
infiltration, F16.1 logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents steam distribution systems, A37.15
in integrated building design, A57.3 Testing temperature controls, A37.16
material resources, F35.3 air cleaners, A45.15; S28.3 terminology, A37.1
renewable energy, F35.2 air conditioners, packaged terminal, S49.7 variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, A37.6
and solid and liquid waste disposal, F35.3 air leakage, fan pressurization, F16.14 TETD/TA. See Total equivalent temperature
unitary systems, S48.2 clean spaces, A16.6 differential method with time averaging
ventilation, F16.1 compressors (TETD/TA)
water use, F35.2 centrifugal, S37.32 TEWI. See Total equivalent warming impact
SVFs. See Synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs) positive-displacement, S37.5 (TEWI)
SWHP. See Surface water heat pump (SWHP) condensers, S38 Textile processing plants, A19
Swimming pools. (See also Natatoriums) evaporative, S38.18 air conditioning design
dehumidifiers, S24.4 water-cooled, S38.7 air cleaning, A19.5, 7
solar heating, A33.15 cooling towers, A37.15; S39.15 air distribution, A19.6
water chemistry, A4.7 desiccant dehumidification for, S23.10, 11 collector systems, A19.5
water heating for, A49.22 duct efficiency, S9.11 health considerations, A19.7
Swine, recommended environment, A22.7 fans, S20.4 energy conservation, A19.7
Symbols, F37 filters, air, S28.3 fabric making, A19.3
Synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs), F10.5 heaters, S33.7 fiber making, A19.1
Tachometers, F36.26 heat pumps yarn making, A19.2
Tanks, secondary coolant systems, R13.2 packaged terminal air conditioners TFM. See Transfer function method (TFM)
Television studios, A3.8 (PTACs), S49.7 Theaters, A4.3
Temperature water-source, S48.12 Thermal bridges, F25.7
ambient, A53.1 industrial exhaust systems, A30.8 building envelopes, A43.8
changeover, S5.11, 13 radiant heating system, A53.7 Thermal comfort. See Comfort
dew-point, F1.8, 9 refrigeration systems Thermal emittance, F25.2
dry-bulb, adjusted, A53.1 compressor, R8.5 Thermal energy storage (TES), S17.4
effective, A51.11; F9.20 leak detection, R8.4 Thermal mass, of buildings, A43.11. (See also
humid operative, F9.20 performance testing, R8.5 Building thermal mass)
mean radiant, A53.1; F9.10; F36.29; S6.1 refrigerators, household, R17.9 Thermal properties, F26.1
measurement, F36.4 smoke control systems, A52.17 acoustics, F26.12
odors affected by, F12.2 solar collectors, S36.9 air spaces, F26.1
operative, A53.1 sound health, F26.12
plane radiant, F9.10; F36.29 instrumentation, A37.18 insulation materials, F26.2
radiant asymmetry, F9.11 procedure, A37.19 mechanical properties, F26.11
sensors, F7.9 transmission problems, A37.19, 24 safety, F26.12
sol-air, F18.22 vibration Thermal properties of food, R19
and task performance, F9.13 equipment, A37.22 Thermal resistivity, F25.1
vertical differences, F9.15 instrumentation, A37.21 Thermal storage, A34; S50
wet-bulb, F1.8, 9 isolators, A37.21; A47.47 applications, A34.16; S50.16
globe, F9.21 piping transmission, A37.24 benefits, A34.3; S50.3

building mass, A34.14; S50.14 enthalpy, F2.4 ammonia refrigeration systems
combined heat and power (CHP), S7.40 entropy, F2.4 liquid, R2.18
controls, A34.1; S50.1 equations of state, F2.3 liquid level indicators, R2.5
sequence, A34.23; S50.23 laws, F2.2 purge units, R2.6
strategies, A41.29 liquid, F2.2 suction accumulator, R2.4
precooling, A41.28 multicomponent systems, F2.5 vertical suction, R2.4
cool storage, A34.1, 17; A41.2; S50.1, 17 principles, F2.1 steam systems, S10.7
district cooling, A34.16; S50.16 process, F2.2 thermostatic, S10.7
district heating, A34.7; S50.7 properties, F2.1 Trucks, refrigerated, R25. (See also Cargo
district heating and cooling, S11.4 calculation, F2.4 containers)
electrically charged storage, A34.11; S50.11 zeotropic mixture, F2.9 Tuning automatic control systems, F7.18
brick storage heaters, A34.12; S50.12 pure substance, F2.2 Turbines, S7
central furnace, A34.13; S50.13 of refrigerants, F30 benefits
heat pump boosters, A34.13; S50.13 refrigeration cycle analysis, F2.3 economic, S17.2
room units, A34.12; S50.12 saturated liquid or vapor, F2.2 environmental, S17.2
underfloor heat, A34.14; S50.14 subcooled liquid, F2.2 chiller systems, S17.4
water heaters, A34.11, 13; S50.11, 13 superheated vapor, F2.2 absorption, S17.4
equipment terminology, F2.1 mechanical, S17.4
cooling, A34.4; S50.4 vapor, F2.2 thermal energy storage (TES), S17.4
heating, A34.11; S50.11 Thermometers, F36.5 combustion, S7.18, 46; S17.1
heat storage, A34.1, 11; S50.1, 11 black globe, A53.7 Brayton cycle, S7.18
ice, R43.3 error sources, F36.5 components, S7.18
ice storage, A34.1, 2; S50.1, 2 infrared controls, S7.22
charging and discharging, A41.29 radiometers, A53.7; F36.9 dual-shaft, S7.18
control optimization, A41.37 thermography, F36.9 emissions, S7.22

encapsulated ice, A34.2, 9, 11; S50.2, 9, liquid-in-glass, F36.5 evaporative cooling applications, S7.21;
11 resistance S17.3
harvesting system, A34.2, 9; S50.2, 6, 9 semiconductors, F36.7 exhaust gas systems, S7.22
ice on coil, A34.1, 7, 8; S50.1, 7, 8 temperature devices (RTDs), F36.6 fuels, S7.20
piping, A34.21; S50.21 thermistors, F36.7 heat recovery, S7.37
slurries, A34.10; S50.10 thermocouples, F36.7 instruments, S7.22
industrial refrigeration, A34.17; S50.17 Thermopile, F7.4; F36.8; R45.4 lubrication, S7.22
insulation, A34.6; S50.6 Thermosiphons maintenance, S7.22
latent energy change, A34.2; S50.2 heat exchangers, S25.14 noise control, S7.22
media, A34.2, 4; S50.2, 4 solar energy systems, A33.14 performance, S7.19
mission-critical operations, A34.17; S50.17 Thermostats single-shaft, S7.18
off-peak, heating, A34.11; S50.11 heater control, S33.2, 4 split-shaft, S7.18
operation, A34.23; S50.23 heating/cooling, F7.11 starting systems, S7.22
phase-change materials, A34.2, 2, 11, 21; location, A46.23 thermal output, S7.34
S50.2, 11, 21 types, F7.11 engine test facilities, gas, A15.3
piping, ice storage, A34.21; S50.21 Three-pipe distribution, S5.4 expansion, S7.31; S42.1
process cooling, A34.17; S50.17 Tobacco smoke fogging, S17.3
retrofits, A34.12; S50.12 contaminants, A45.2, 7, 9; F11.2, 17 gas, S7.18
solar energy systems, A33.11, 16, 25; A34.2; environmental (ETS), F10.6 evaporative cooling, A51.13
S36.3, 10; S50.2 Tollbooths microturbines, S7.18
system sizing, A34.17; S50.17 air quality criteria, A13.25 steam
terminology, A34.1; S50.1 ventilation, A13.25, 31 applications, S7.47
water storage, A34.4, 27; S50.4, 27 Total equivalent temperature differential axial flow, S7.25
aquifers, A34.6; S50.6 method with time averaging (TETD/TA), heat recovery
performance, A34.5; S50.5 F18.49 extraction turbines, S7.38
tank insulation, A34.6; S36.12; S50.6 Total equivalent warming impact (TEWI), noncondensing turbines, S7.37
temperature range, A34.4; S50.4 R6.1; R15.16 maintenance, S7.31
thermal stratification, A34.4, 5; S50.4, 5 Trailers and trucks, refrigerated, R25. (See also wetted media, S17.3
water heaters, A34.11, 13; S50.11, 13 Cargo containers) Turbochargers, heat recovery, S7.35
water systems, medium and high temperature, Transducers, pneumatic pressure, F7.9 Turbulence
S14.9 Transfer function method (TFM), A39.6; modeling, F13.3
water treatment, A34.6; S50.6 F18.49 identification, F13.10
Thermal transmission data, F26 Transmittance, thermal, F25.1 Turbulent flow, fluids, F3.3
Thermistors, R11.4 of flat building component, F25.6 Turndown ratio, design capacity, S12.4
Thermodynamics, F2.1 thermal bridging, F25.7 Two-pipe systems, S5.4; S12.19
absorption refrigeration cycles, F2.13 hot-box method, F25.7 air-to-transmission ratio, S5.12
bubble point, F2.5 Transmitters, pneumatic pressure, F7.9 central ventilation, S5.12
compressed liquid, F2.2 Transpiration, R19.19 changeover temperature, S5.13
compression refrigeration cycles, F2.6 Transportation centers chilled-water, S12.19
cooling and freezing of foods, R20.1 commercial and public buildings, A3.9 electric heat, S5.14
cycle, F2.2 ventilation, A13.10, 22 nonchangeover design, S5.13
dew point, F2.6 Transport properties of refrigerants, F30 steam convection heating, S10.12
dry saturated vapor, F2.2 Traps zoning, S5.14

U.S. Marshal spaces, A8.5 expansion, S22.2 humidity control, S21.8
U-factor flow characteristics, S46.7 museums, galleries, archives, and libraries,
center-of-glass, F15.4 sizing, S46.9 A21.19
doors, F15.12; F27.8 types, S46.6 pressure-dependent systems, A37.4
edge-of-glass, F15.4 backflow-prevention devices, S46.13 pressure-independent systems, A37.4
fenestration products, F15.6 balancing, S46.9 single-duct, S4.11
of flat building assembly, F25.7 sizing, A37.8 sound control, A47.5
frame, F15.4 body styles, S46.3 static pressure control, A37.4
thermal transmittance, F15.4 cavitation, S46.2 static pressure reset, A41.27
windows, F27.8 check, R11.21; S46.12 system types, A37.5
Ultralow-penetration air (ULPA) filters, S28.7; compressors, reciprocating, S37.10 terminal boxes, A46.14; A47.6
S29.2 condensing-pressure-regulating, R11.15 testing, adjusting, balancing, A37.4
Ultraviolet (UV) lamp systems, S16 constant-pressure expansion, R11.14 variable-speed drives, S44.9
fixture configurations, S16.5 control valves, F3.8 Variable refrigerant flow (VRF), S48.1, 13
in-duct airstream disinfection, S16.6 coefficient, F3.9 Variable-speed drives, S44.9
lamps, S16.1, 3 discharge bypass, R11.16 carrier frequencies
germicidal, S16.3 expansion effect on drive ratings, S44.12
aging, S16.5 constant-pressure, R11.11, 14 effect on motor noise, S44.11
ballasts S16.4 electric, R11.10 conductor impedance, S44.10
cooling and heating effects, S16.5 thermostatic, R11.5 control, S44.9
irradiance, S16.5 float control, R11.17 harmonic disturbances, S44.12
maintenance, S16.8 flow coefficient, S46.2, 9 load side, S44.13
photodegradation, S16.8 geothermal energy, A32.7 motors, S44.10
safety, S16.8 halocarbon refrigeration systems impedance, S44.10
surface disinfection, S16.6 equivalent lengths, R1.10 pulse width modulation, S44.10
terminology, S16.1 float control, R1.26 transistors, S44.9
upper-air, S16.7 hydronic systems voltage waveform distortion, S44.12
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), control, S12.15 VAV. See Variable-air-volume (VAV) systems
S16.1. [See also Ultraviolet (UV) lamp safety relief, S12.20 Vegetables, R37
systems] manual, S46.3 air transport, R27.1
systems, S16.6 selection, S46.3 cooling, R28.1
Uncertainty analysis materials, S46.1 deterioration rate, R21.1
measurement, A40.12, 13 multiple-purpose, S46.10 display refrigerators, R15.8
precision uncertainty, F36.4 noise, S46.2 dried, storage, R42.7
sources, F36.3 pressure drop, F22.1, 8 frozen, R40.3
systematic uncertainty, F36.4 pressure-reducing makeup water, S46.12 misters and Legionella pneumophila control,
statistical regression, A40.13 pressure relief, S46.11 A48.7
Unitary systems, S48 safety, R11.22 refrigeration, R37.1
floor-by-floor systems, S2.6 ratings, S46.1 storage, R37.3
heat pumps, S2.3; S48.1, 8, 10 refrigerant control, R11.4 thermal properties, R19.1
outdoor equipment, S2.8 regulating and throttling, R11.11 transport, R37.2
self-contained, S2.6 safety, S46.11 Vehicles
split systems, S2.6; S48.1 solar energy systems, A33.12 ac- or dc-powered, transit, A9.16
through-the-wall, S2.3 solenoid, R11.17; S46.6 design, R25.1
window-mounted, S2.3 steam system, S10.9, 13 equipment attachment provisions, R25.3
Unit heaters. See Heaters stop-check, S46.13 sanitation, R25.3
Units and conversions, F38.1 suction pressure regulating, R11.14 temperature-controlled, R25.1
Unit ventilators, S27.1 thermostatic, S10.13; S46.11 use, R25.10
Utility interfacing, electric, S7.44 water hammer, S46.2 Vena contracta, F3.4
UV. See Ultraviolet (UV) lamp systems zone control, S10.13 Vending machines, R16.5
UVGI. See Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Vaporization systems, S17.4 Ventilation, F16
(UVGI) Liquefied natural gas (LNG), S17.4 age of air, F16.4
Vacuum cooling, of fruits and vegetables, R28.9 Vapor pressure, F27.8; F33.2 air change effectiveness, F16.5
Validation, of airflow modeling, F13.9, 10, 17 Vapor retarders, A43.3; F23.9 aircraft, A10.1, 4
Valves, S46. (See also Regulators) jackets, F23.9 air exchange rate, F16.3, 12
actuators, S46.5 Variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, airflow, F16.3
ammonia refrigeration systems all-air animal environments, A22.5
control, R2.9 dual-duct, S4.12 bus garages, A13.20
float control, R2.20 single-duct, S4.11 bus terminals, A13.22
relief, R2.10 versus constant air volume (CAV), A14.12 cargo containers, R25.5
solenoid, R2.10 control, A41.2, 27 climatic infiltration zones, F16.19
stop, R2.9 diversity, A37.5 dilution, A29.2; A45.5
authority, S46.8 dual-duct systems, S4.12 displacement, F20.16; S4.14
automatic, S46.4 duct static pressure control, A46.8, 9 design, F20.16
actuators, S46.4 fan driving mechanisms, F16.12
applications, S46.9 selection, A47.5 effectiveness, F16.5
control, F7.4 sequencing, A46.10 engine test facilities, A15.1
computerized, S46.6 unstable operation, A46.10 forced, F16.1

garages, residential, F16.20 criteria, A47.38 hammer, F22.6
gaseous contaminant control, A45.5 data reliability, A47.1 pipe stress, S11.7
greenhouses, A22.13 ducts, A47.46 heating
health care facilities, A7.1 engines, S7.15 geothermal energy systems, A32.9
hospitals, A7.2 equipment vibration, A37.22 solar energy systems, A33.13
nursing facilities, A7.14 analysis, A37.23 water treatment for, A48.10
outpatient, A7.13 fans, S20.9 humidifier supply, S21.4
hybrid, F16.14 floor flexibility, A47.47 properties, A48.1; S14.2
indoor air quality (IAQ), F16.10 isolators refrigerant, F30.1, 3637
industrial environments, A29 noise, A47.38 in refrigerant systems. See Moisture, in
exhaust systems, A30.1 resonance, A47.48 refrigerant systems
kitchens, A31 specifications, A47.40 systems, pipe sizing, F22.5
laboratories, A14.8 testing, A37.21; A47.47 thermal storage systems, A34.4, 11, 27; S50.4,
latent heat load, F16.11 piping 11, 27
leakage function, F16.14 connectors use and sustainability, F35.2
mechanical, F16.1; F24.7 expansion joint or arched, A47.45 vapor (See also Moisture)
mines, A27 flexible, A47.45 control, F25.2
natatoriums, A4.6 hose, A47.45 flow, F25.10
natural noise, A47.40 resistance, F25.2
airflow, F16.1, 12 resilient hangers and supports, A47.40 retarders, F26.13
guidelines, F16.14 places of assembly, A4.1 condensation, S21.2
stack effect, F16.13 resonance, A47.48 refrigerant piping insulation, R10.7
wind, F16.13; F24.7 seismic restraint, A47.46; A54.1 refrigerated facilities, R23.5, 12
nuclear facilities, A26.4 standards, A47.48 terminology, F25.2
odor dilution, F12.5 troubleshooting, A37.23; A47.46 transmission, F26.15

power plants, A25.3 Viral pathogens, F10.7 Water heaters
railroad tunnels, A13.14 Virgin rock temperature (VRT), and heat blending injection, A49.4
rapid-transit systems, A13.10 release rate, A27.3 boilers (indirect), A49.25
residential, F16.17 Viscosity, F3.1 circulating tank, A49.4
road tunnels, A13.4 fuel oils, F28.6 combination, A49.4
roof ventilators, A29.3 lubricants, R12.5 electric, A49.2
security concerns, A58.3 modeling, F13.10 gas-fired, A49.2
sensible heat load, F16.11 moist air, F1.15 heat pump, S48.4
ships, A11.1 Volatile organic compounds (VOC), F10.9 indirect, A49.3, 25
standards, F16.18 contaminants, A45.2 instantaneous, A49.3, 23
terminology, F16.1 Voltage, A55.1 oil-fired, A49.2
thermal loads, F16.11 imbalance, S44.1 placement, A49.10
tollbooths, A13.24 utilization, S44.1 refrigeration heat reclaim, A49.4, 25
wind effect on, F24.7 Volume ratio, compressors semi-instantaneous, A49.3, 23
Ventilators rotary vane, S37.14 sizing, A49.11, 23, 25
roof, A29.3 single-screw, S37.16 solar energy, A49.4
unit twin-screw, S37.21 storage, A49.2, 3, 11
capacity, S27.3 VRF. See Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) terminology, A49.1
control, A46.17; S27.3 VRT. See Virgin rock temperature (VRT) usable hot-water storage, A49.10
location, S27.1 Walls, A43.3 waste heat recovery, A49.4
selection, S27.3 airflow retarders, A43.4 Water/lithium bromide absorption
types, S27.1 glass block, F15.19 components, R18.1
Venting insulation, exterior, A43.4 control, R18.6
furnaces, S32.2 masonry construction, A43.4; F27.4 double-effect chillers, R18.3
gas appliances, S34.18 moisture control, A43.4 maintenance, R18.7
oil-fired appliances, S34.19 panelized, A43.4 operation, R18.6
Verification, of airflow modeling, F13.9, 10, 17 residential, A43.3 single-effect chillers, R18.2
Vessels, ammonia refrigeration systems, R2.3 roof interface single-effect heat transformers, R18.3
Vibration, F8.18 air leakage, A43.7 terminology, R18.1
compressors moisture control, A43.8 Water-source heat pump (WSHP), S48.10
centrifugal, S37.34 steel frame construction, F27.4 Water systems, S12
positive-displacement, S37.5 window interface, A43.6 air elimination, S12.21
scroll, S37.26 wood-frame construction, A43.3; F27.3 antifreeze, S12.23
single-screw, S37.18 Warehouses, A3.11 precautions, S12.24
critical speeds, S20.8 Water capacity control, S12.13
health effects, F10.14 boiler thermal models, F19.14 chilled-water, S12.1, 17
measurement, F36.28 coils, S22.2 combined heat and power (CHP)
instrumentation, A37.21 air-heating, S26.2 distribution, S7.44
testing, A37.21 coolers, R39.11 district heating and cooling, S11.19, 32
Vibration control, A47 distribution, S3.6; S12.10; S14.7 closed, S12.1, 2; S14.1
air handlers, S4.10 central plants, S11.5 components, S12.2
chillers, A47.12 district heating and cooling, S11.18 condenser water, S13.1
clean spaces, A16.17 filtration, A48.7 closed, S13.3

once-through, S13.1 loads, S12.2 clear-sky solar radiation, F14.7
open cooling tower, S13.1 makeup, S12.20 cooling, F14.6
air and vapor precautions, S13.2 open, S12.2; S13.1 dehumidification, F14.6
freeze protection, S13.3 pipe sizing, S12.22 heating, F14.5
piping, S13.2 piping, S12.11 relationships, F14.5
water treatment, S13.2 water distributuion, S12.6 return period, F14.6
overpressure precautions, S13.3 pressure drop determination, S12.22; S43.4 design-day data, F14.11
systems, S13.1 pumps, S43.1 residential infiltration zones, F16.19
water economizer, S13.3 pump curves, S12.6; S43.3 sources, F14.4
control valve sizing, S12.15 pumping Welding sheet metal, S18.6
Darcy-Weisbach equation, S43.4 compound, S12.8 Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), heat
district heating and cooling, S11.3 distributed, S43.12 stress, A29.4
dual-temperature (DTW), S12.1, 19 parallel, S12.7; S43.10 Wheels, rotary enthalpy, S25.10
equipment layout, S12.22 primary-secondary, S12.8; S43.12 Whirlpools and spas
expansion tanks series, S12.7; S43.11 Legionella pneumophila control, A48.7
functions of, S12.4, 10 variable-speed, S12.8; S43.12 service water heating, A49.23
sizing equations, S12.5 standby pump, S12.8; S43.11 Wiens displacement law, F4.12
fill water, S12.20 two-speed motors, S43.11 Wind. (See also Climate design information;
four-pipe, S12.19 safety relief valves, S12.20 Weather data)
freeze prevention, S12.23 steam and, combined, S10.15 data sources, F24.6
hot-water temperature classifications, S12.1 effect on
boilers, S31.1 turndown ratio, S12.4 chimneys, S34.3, 30
combined heat and power (CHP) two-pipe, S12.19 smoke movement, A52.3
distribution, S7.45 Water treatment, A48 system operation, F24.7
district heating and cooling, S11.31 air washers, A48.9; S40.9 pressure, F24.3
high-temperature (HTW), S12.1 biological control, A48.5 Wind chill index, F9.22
loads, S12.2 Legionella pneumophila, A48.6 Windows. (See also Fenestration)
low-temperature (LTW), S12.1 boilers, A48.10 air leakage, A43.7; F15.50
design considerations, S35.3 brine systems, A48.10 heat transfer, A43.6
heating systems, S12.16 closed recirculating systems, A48.10 moisture control, A43.7
loads, S12.2 condensers, evaporative, S38.18 solar gain, A43.6; F15.13, 17
nonresidential, S12.16 condenser water, S13.2 U-factors, F15.4, 6; F27.8
terminal equipment, S35.1 cooling towers, A48.4, 8; S39.13 wall interface, A43.6
medium- and high-temperature, S12.1; corrosion control, A48.2, 9 Wind restraint design, A54.22
S14 evaporative coolers, S40.9 minimum design wind load, A54.22
air-heating coils, S14.8 filtration, A48.7 Wineries
boilers, S14.2 fundamentals, A48.1 refrigeration, R39.8
cascade systems, S14.6 heating systems, A48.10 temperature control
circulating pumps, S14.6 ice makers, A48.7, 9 fermentation, R39.9
control, S14.8 medium- and high-temperature systems, S14.9 storage, R39.10
design, S14.2 nonchemical (physical), A48.5 wine production, R39.8
direct-contact heaters, S14.6 once-through systems, A48.9 Wood construction, and moisture, F25.8
direct-fired generators, S14.2 open recirculating systems, A48.9 dimensional changes, F25.8
distribution, S14.7 scale control, A48.4 Wood products facilities, A24.1
expansion tanks, S14.4 sprayed coil units, A48.9 evaporative cooling, A51.13
heat exchangers, S14.8 steam and condensate systems, A48.11 process area, A24.1
piping design, S14.7 terminology, A48.11 storage, A24.2
pressurization, S14.4 thermal storage, A34.6; S50.6 Wood pulp, A24.2
safety, S14.9 Water vapor retarders, F26.13 Wood stoves, S33.5
space heating, S14.8 Water wells, A32.24 World Wide Web (WWW), A39.17
thermal storage, S14.9 Weather data WSHP. See Water-source heat pump
water treatment, S14.9 climate changes effect on, F14.13 (WSHP)
medium-temperature (MTW), S12.2 design conditions, F14.1 WWW. See World Wide Web (WWW)
loads, S12.2 calculation, F14.4 Xenon, R47.18

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This file is licensed to Abdual Hadi Nema (ahaddi58@yahoo.com).

License Date: 6/1/2010

Abbreviations, F37 indoor air cleaning, A45.5 types

technology, R18.7 (AFUE) Air conditioners. (See also Central air

I.2 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration (SI)

Composite Index I.3

I.4 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration (SI)

environmental control, A9.1 fruit juice, R38.1 stainless steel, S31.3

Composite Index I.5

Building thermal mass combustion, F28.1, 11 Central plants

I.6 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration (SI)

systems, S12.1, 17 standards, S42.5 terminology, A16.1

Composite Index I.7

I.8 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration (SI)

Compressors, S37 twin, S37.19 software, A39.2

Composite Index I.9

coils, S38.15 control, A45.5; F11.14 residual cleaning agents, R7.7

I.10 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration (SI)

Composite Index I.11

controls, S6.20 piping, S13.2; S39.8 life-cycle, A36.11

I.12 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration (SI)

transfer, R47.27 air outlet, S19.4, 7 desiccant, S23

Composite Index I.13

I.14 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration (SI)

control, F8.12 composition, R34.1 costs, A36.4

Composite Index I.15

renewable, F34.1 microbiology/mycology, F10.3 two-stage (indirect/direct), A51.10, 16;

I.16 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration (SI)

maintenance, S5.6 components, F15.1 chimney design, S34.20

Composite Index I.17

compressible, F3.13 potato products, R40.5 coolers, liquid, S41.5

I.18 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration (SI)

pineapples, R36.8 S32.8 Glazing

Composite Index I.19

input procedure, F18.20 furnaces, S32.1 geothermal energy systems, A32.8

I.20 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration (SI)

industrial process, S8.8 industrial environments, A29.4 black surface, F4.2

Composite Index I.21

air movement, A7.3 equipment, S21.4 types, R43.1

I.22 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration (SI)

energy conservation, A29.6 terminology, F16.1 economic thickness, S11.17

Composite Index I.23

I.24 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration (SI)

refrigerant distribution, R4.2 properties, R12.4 combustion, S7.22

Composite Index I.25

data acquisition, F36.32 wind tunnels, F24.10 in walls, A43.4

I.26 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration (SI)

Composite Index I.27

Pasteurization, R33.2 mechanical efficiency, F9.6 cooling towers, S13.2; S39.8

I.28 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration (SI)

auditoriums, A4.3 recommended environment, A22.8 binding areas, A18.4

Composite Index I.29

S43.7 mean radiant temperature (MRT), high-pressure, R2.3

I.30 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration (SI)

effect on materials, F29.9 controls, R21.10 food processing facilities, R40.1

Composite Index I.31

I.32 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration (SI)

Composite Index I.33

types, S36.3 time, A33.1, 3 clean spaces, A16.17

I.34 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration (SI)

Composite Index I.35

I.36 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration (SI)

control optimization, A41.37 thermography, F36.9 emissions, S7.22