NZIOL

WRITING SAMPLES

WRITING TASK 1

SAMPLE 1 (INFORMAL)
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
An English-speaking friend wants to spend a two-week holiday in your region and has written
asking for information and advice. Write a letter to your friend. In your letter,
offer to find somewhere to stay
give advice about what to do
give information about what clothes to bring
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any address.

Begin your letter as follows:

Dear __________,

Dear Julie

Thanks so much for your latest letter. I'm really excited to hear that you're planning to visit
Toronto. It will give me a chance to take you around, as you did so kindly for me when I was
in Amsterdam last year.
Regarding your visit, I would be happy to help in any way possible. First, unless you really
like freezing weather, I suggest you come in the summer months of July or August. Though
most hotels are expensive at that time, we have some wonderful guest suites available in our
high-rise building, for only about $50 per night. They are fully furnished studio apartments,
with a kitchen, so you can have the option of eating in. Just let me know your dates and I
can make a reservation for you.
Summer is also the time when all the tourist sites are open. We can visit Centre Island,
Canada's Wonderland, Niagara Falls, the CN Tower, the Royal Ontario Museum, the Science
Centre and Thousand Islands. The weather should be warm and comfortable, around 25 30
degrees Celsius, so bring your informal summer clothes, a swimsuit and an umbrella too. We
do get summer showers quite often.
I can't wait for you to come! Write soon with more details,
Warm wishes
Irene

SAMPLE 2 (INFORMAL)

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

You have recently started work in a new company.
Write a letter to an English-speaking friend. In your letter,
explain why you changed jobs
describe your new job
tell him / her your other news
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any address.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear __________,

Dear Eva,

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How are you? I hope you've been well. Sorry for having been out of touch for a short while.
There have been some changes in my life and I wanted to let you know the latest from my
side.
The big news is that I have finally changed my job! Do you remember when you were here
on holiday, I always talked about how I hated my boring bank job? Well, it was clear I
needed a change. So, finally, I took a part-time TESL course and trained to be an ESL
teacher. Now I'm working full-time in a private language school. I teach General English,
Business English and IELTS. Each day, I look forward to going to work. My students come
from all over the world and I love teaching them as well as learning from them.
Aside from that, I also moved to a new apartment near the school where I work. It's small,
but downtown, so I am right in the heart of the city, instead of way out in the suburbs.
Suddenly, there's so many fun things to do, in the evenings too. I am a much happier person
today because of these recent changes.
So, how about you? I hope you'll have a chance to visit Canada again soon. In the meantime,
please write and let me know what's new with you.

Warm wishes
Kim

SAMPLE 3 (INFORMAL)
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
Last month you had a holiday overseas where you stayed with some friends. They have just
sent you some photos of your holiday.
Write a letter to your friends. In your letter:
thank them for the photos and for the holiday
explain why you didn't write earlier
invite them to come and stay with you
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any address.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear __________

Dear Ajay and Sunita,

Thanks so much for your kind letter and the lovely photos of my holiday in Mumbai. Sorry for
the delay in acknowledging your mail, but your package arrived just as I was about to leave
town on a business trip. I've just returned to Toronto today.
Looking at the photos brings back so many happy memories of the times we spent together
and the wonderful hospitality you extended to me. I felt completely pampered by both of
you! You surrounded me with warm friends, good food, amazing sights, great shopping,
unforgettable cultural events and laughter-filled evenings. I would have been lost without
you. I can't thank you enough.
These good memories gave me an idea. I know you've always wanted to visit Canada. Why
don't you plan a holiday and stay with me this summer? The weather is great at that time of
year, all tourist sites are open and I could take two weeks off from work. Aside from seeing
Toronto, we could drive to Niagara Falls, Thousand Islands, Montreal, Ottawa and Quebec
City. I would be thrilled if you could make it.
Thank you both again for the beautiful holiday and the photos which are already up on my
wall. Now, I'm looking forward to hearing from you.

Warm wishes,
Carol

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SAMPLE 4 (SEMI-FORMAL)

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

You have been living in a rental apartment for the past year. Recently a new neighbor moved
in and has been making a lot of noise, which disturbs you.
Write a letter to the landlord. In your letter:
explain the situation
describe why it bothers you
suggest a solution
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any address.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear __________

Dear Mr Shah,

I hope you and your family are all well. I am writing in connection with a problem I have with
the new tenant, Jack, who has moved in downstairs. Unfortunately, his habits and needs
appear to be quite different from my own.
The issue is that Jack is a professional musician who plays his electric guitar late into the
night. I understand he is in a band and needs to practice; however, I think he cannot do so in
a residential building such as ours. As I mentioned to you when I signed the lease to the
apartment, I am a full-time writer who works from home. For me, it is essential to have
silence so I can concentrate on my work. With Jack playing at all hours, I have been unable
to get any of my writing done, except when he is out. In some cases, I have even been
forced to leave the apartment and work at a nearby coffee shop or library as the guitar
playing was causing such a disturbance.
I would appreciate it if you could speak to Jack and ask him to turn down the volume on his
guitar or else to use headphones. I have spoken to him about it, but to no avail. I will let you
know as soon as the situation improves.
Thank you kindly in advance and please give my best regards to your family,
Yours sincerely,
Meg Snyder

SAMPLE 5(SEMI-FORMAL)
You are going on a short training course at a college in Sydney, Australia. You need
somewhere to live while you are there.
Write a letter to the accommodation officer at the college. In your letter:
Write a letter to the accommodation officer at the college. In your letter:
explain your situation
describe the accommodation you require
say when you will need it
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any address.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear __________

Dear Mrs Walker,

I am writing in connection with my upcoming training course at your college in Sydney,

Australia. I will be there to attend the Brain- Based Learning program at Victoria College for a
period of three weeks from July 2st to July 22st, 2010. I am hoping that you will be able to
assist me with my accommodation arrangements.
As I am slightly older than most of the other participants, I would appreciate it if you could
find a private studio apartment for me, close to the college. It would be ideal if I could walk

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to school each day, but if not, I would need access to public transportation. I understand
some of the events on campus finish quite late so I would prefer not to walk in an unfamiliar
neighborhood after dark. In terms of the apartment, all I require is a bed, a desk, a TV, an
Internet connection, a kitchen and a bathroom. My budget is around US $1000 for 3 weeks.
As I will be arriving on July 1st, I would need the apartment to be available from that night
until the day of my departure, which is July 23rd. My last night in the apartment would be
July 22nd.
Please let me know if you are able to find such an apartment and if not, please suggest other
suitable arrangements. I look forward to hearing from you,
Yours sincerely,
Jane Goodwin

SAMPLE 6(FORMAL)
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
You recently stayed in a hotel in a large city. The weather was very unusual for the time of
year and the heating / cooling system in the hotel was quite inadequate.
Write a letter to the manager of the hotel. In your letter:
give details of what went wrong
explain what you had to do to overcome the problem at the time
say what action you would like the manager to take
You should write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write your own address.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear __________

Dear Sir / Madam,

I am writing in connection with my recent stay at the Four Seasons in London, England.
Unfortunately, due to a malfunctioning heater in my room, I spent three miserable nights at
your hotel from April 26 to 29, 2010.
When I arrived in London, there was an unexpected snowstorm. I understand it does not
usually snow in April; however, when I got to my room, there was no heat. After
complaining, a technician was sent up, who informed me they had to install a new heating
unit. When I asked to be moved to another room, I was told the hotel was completely
booked. Unfortunately, each night after work I returned to discover the problem had not been
rectified. Eventually, I spent three horribly uncomfortable nights, wearing my coat to bed,
wearing socks around the room and ending up with a bad cold from the unheated room. I had
no time to complain as I had to catch a flight home right after my conference.
I am shocked by this terrible service. This is not what anyone expects for $400 a night! To
compensate me for this tremendous inconvenience, I ask that you refund my money right
away and offer me a free, more comfortable stay in one of your finer suites in the future. If
not, I am prepared to take my complaint to a higher authority.
I look forward to hearing from you at the earliest.

Yours faithfully,
John McFee

SAMPLE 7 (FORMAL)
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
You eat at your college cafeteria at lunch time every day.. However, you think it needs some
improvements. Write a letter to the college magazine. In your letter:
explain what you like about the cafeteria
say what is wrong with it
suggest how it could be improved
Write at least 150 words.
Begin your letter as follows:

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Dear __________

Dear Sir / Madam,

I am writing in connection with our college cafeteria. Since almost every student spends
some time here every day, I believe it is in everyone's best interest to find ways to improve
the quality of this central eatery.
The cafeteria itself is modern, spacious and attractive. The newly painted murals of the
seaside give the seating area an open, airy, outdoor feeling which makes it very pleasant to
eat meals there. This is further enhanced by the large green plants and flowing water
fountains.
The main problem with the cafeteria is in the food served! First of all, there is a very limited
selection available. Each day offers up only standard North American fare of hamburgers, hot
dogs, chicken nuggets and French fries. Not only is this selection unhealthy, but also
uninteresting day in and day out. We have so many international students on campus, it
would be wonderful to have some curries, burritos and falafel added to the menu. Secondly,
since this is a student cafeteria, prices need to stay low. We have unfortunately seen two
price hikes in the last two years.
I am sure if we offer a wider range of foods, at better prices, the cafeteria will continue to run
profitably as more students choose to eat there.
Yours faithfully,
Daniel Bernard

SAMPLE 8 (FORMAL)
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
You have received a letter from your bank, asking you to acknowledge receipt of a new bank
card. However, the card was missing from the envelope.
Write a letter to the bank's head office. In your letter:
explain why you are writing
express concern about the missing card
ask them what they intend to do
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any address.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear __________

Dear Sir / Madam,

I am writing in connection with a missing or stolen debit card from your bank. This is an
urgent matter as the bank card could prove dangerous in the hands of the wrong person.
Just yesterday, I received a letter from your bank's head office. It stated that my new bank
card was enclosed and asked me to acknowledge receipt. However, when the envelope
arrived in my mailbox, it was in a tattered state. More importantly, the debit card which was
supposed to be included, was missing. I checked and rechecked around the mailbox, but
found nothing. I am concerned that someone has gone through my mail and possibly stolen
the card.
For this reason I request that you cancel the existing debit card immediately. The debit card
in question is related to my account number 64729401 at your Bay and Bloor branch. After it
has been cancelled, please arrange to send me a new one, as I need to travel overseas next
week and will need to carry the new bank card with me.
Thank you kindly in advance,

Yours faithfully,
Ms Brenda Holster

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SAMPLE 9 (SEMI FORMAL)

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
You are applying for a job and need a letter of reference from someone who knew you when
you were at school.
Write a letter to one of your old teachers asking for a reference. In your letter:
say what job you have applied for
explain why you want this job
suggest what information the teacher should include
Write at least 150 words.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear __________

Dear Mrs Sweeney,

How are you? I hope everything is fine at the school and that you have been well. I still
remember the dynamic way in which you taught grammar to me and all of the teacher
trainees in your English class. Thanks again for those important lessons.
I am writing in connection with a letter of reference that I need for a job that I have applied
for recently. As I am due to graduate next month, I have applied for a position as an ESL
teacher at a private language school in Tokyo, Japan. You might remember my telling you
how very much I looked forward to teaching and traveling around the world. Now I have the
chance. I am confident that I can make a difference in the lives of students who need to learn
English.
In the letter of reference, I would appreciate it if you could include information related to my
trustworthiness, my enthusiasm and my cross-cultural awareness while in teacher training
college. As the job is in Japan, they do not have the chance to interview me and will base
their decision largely on my letters of reference. I would need to have the letter in two
weeks, by July 1st.
Thank you kindly in advance,

Yours sincerely,
Grace Smith

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IELTS Letter Topics -

Semi-Formal
1. Arranging Accommodation
You are being sent on a one month work assignment in San Francisco,
California. You need a place to stay while you are there. Write a letter to
the Maury Samson Real Estate Agency. In your letter:
explain the situation
describe the kind of accommodation you would like
provide the dates you will need it
Begin your letter as follows: Dear Mr Samson,
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes
on this task.
2. Asking for Permission
You are studying overseas. You need to return to your country before the
end of the semester for a family event. Write a letter to your supervisor.
In your letter:
Request time off
Explain why you need to leave early
Reassure him / her that your studies will not suffer
Begin your letter as follows: Dear Mr / Ms _______

3. Complaining to a Landlord
You have been living in a rental apartment for the past year. Recently a
new neighbour moved in who has loud parties several times a week. Write
a letter complaining about this to the landlord. In your letter:
explain the situation
describe why it bothers you
suggest a solution
Begin your letter as follows: Dear Mr / Ms _____________,
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes
on this task.
4. Making a Suggestion
You exercise regularly and have been a member of many different gyms.
Recently, you moved into a new neighborhood and joined a new gym. You
have noticed that people at this gym do not bother to wipe down the
machines after use and often leave dirty towels on the benches in the
change rooms. Write to Mr Koto, the manager. In your letter:
explain who you are
describe the problem exactly
make suggestions to improve the gym
Begin your letter as follows: Dear Mr Koto,
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes
on this task.
5. Booking Accommodation
You are going to take a short holiday in Singapore and you want to rent a

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holiday apartment while you are there. Write to the tourist information
office. In your letter:
explain what you need
say when you plan to be there
ask for information about prices
Begin your letter as follows: Dear Mr / Ms __________
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes
on this task.
6. Explaining to a Neighbour
You are having a graduation party next Saturday night. You have invited
50 people to celebrate at an outdoor barbecue evening, which may
continue into late into the night. Write a letter to your elderly neighbour.
In your letter:
explain what will be happening
offer your apologies in advance
invite her to join the celebration
Begin your letter as follows: Dear Mr / Ms _________
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes
on this task.
7. Asking for permission
You are supposed to hand in a mid-term project for your psychology class
by November 1st. However, your brother is getting married in Hawaii at
the same time and the entire family is traveling there for the occasion.
You would like an extension on the due date for submitting the project.
Write to your professor. In your letter:
explain the situation
remind the professor of your fine academic record to date
ask for an extension of the due date
Begin your letter as follows: Dear ________
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes
on this task.
8. Making a Suggestion
You live in a high-rise building, which has a communal laundry room.
There are many washers and dryers there, but even more residents.
Sometimes people don't come in time to empty the machines and other
residents have to wait for a washer or dryer. You think the building
management should purchase 10 extra laundry baskets and make them
available for such times, so the machines can be freed up. Write to the
Property Manager, Mrs Williams. In your letter:
explain how long you have been a resident
describe the problem
propose your solution
Begin your letter as follows: Dear Mrs Williams
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes
on this task.
9. Asking for Permission
You have received a job offer for a position you have wanted for a long

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time. You are expected to start on July 1st. However, you can only start a
week later due to personal reasons. Write a letter to Mr Jackson, your
new boss. In your letter:
show your enthusiasm for the job offer
explain the problem
suggest what you can do
Begin your letter as follows: Dear Mr Jackson,
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes
on this task.

IELTS Letter Topics - Formal

1. Asking for Information
You live in an English speaking country and you want to do some voluntary, unpaid work in a
developing country. Write a letter to a company called Cultural Expeditions, which organizes
such trips. In your letter:
Explain why you want to do the voluntary work.
State what your skills and experience are.
Indicate where you would like to volunteer and for how long.
Begin your letter as follows: Dear Sir / Madam
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

2. Applying for a Job

You have decided to apply for a job as a Spanish instructor that was advertised in the April
edition of the magazine Teaching Professional. This ad was posted by Mr John Sullivan,
director of the Spanish department at The Language Institute of Great Britain in London,
England. In your letter to Mr Sullivan:
explain why you are writing
describe your qualifications and experience
explain how they can contact you
Write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

3. Making Suggestions
You eat at your college cafeteria every lunchtime. However, you think it needs some
improvements. Write a letter to the college magazine. In your letter:
explain what you like bout the cafeteria
say what is wrong
suggest how it could be improved
Begin your letter as follows: Dear Sir / Madam
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

4. Applying for a Job

You are looking for a part-time job. Write a letter to an employment agency. In your letter:
introduce yourself
explain what sort of job you would like
say what experience and skills you have
Begin your letter as follows: Dear Sir / Madam
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

5. Complaining to a Bank
You have received a letter from your bank, asking you to acknowledge receipt of a new bank
card. However, the card was missing from the envelope. Write a letter to the bank's head
office. In your letter:
explain why you are writing
express concern about the missing card
ask them what they intend to do
Begin your letter as follows: Dear ________,

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6. Informing an Airline
Last Tuesday you flew from New York to Paris. When you arrived home, you discovered that
you had left your cabin bag on the plane. Write a letter to the airline. In your letter, you
should explain:
where and when you lost your bag
what your bag looks like
what its contents were
Begin your letter as follows: Dear Sir / Madam
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

7. Applying for a Job

You have seen an advertisement for part-time work in a hotel for three months over the
summer. Write a letter to the manager. In your letter:
say what experience you have
ask what the work involves
enquire about conditions
Begin your letter as follows: Dear Sir / Madam
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

8. Making Recommendations
You normally go shopping in the area where you live. However, you think some of the
facilities for shoppers could be improved. Write a letter to your local newspaper. In your
letter:
say in general what you like about shopping in your area
say what is wrong with the facilities
suggest how they can be improved
Begin your letter as follows: Dear Sir / Madam
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

9. Applying for a Job

You would like a temporary job working in the summer camp which runs sports and outdoor
activities for children and young people next summer. Write a letter to the organizers of the
summer camp. In your letter:
explain what sort of job you would like to do
describe your personality
say what experience and skills you have
Begin your letter as follows: Dear Sir / Madam
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

10. Complaining about a Product

You live in a small university town. Last week, you drove to a big city about two hours away
to buy a new laptop at a good price. You worked on the laptop all week and finished writing a
long assignment that is due shortly. However, this week, the laptop doesn't even switch on.
Write to the store. In your letter:
tell the store where you live & what happened
explain the problem with the laptop
state what action you would like the store to take
Begin your letter as follows: Dear ________
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

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IELTS Letter Topics -

Informal
1. Inviting a friend
You are studying English at a private language school attended by many international
students. You are planning a surprise birthday party for a friend who has been feeling
particularly sad and homesick. Write to another classmate and invite him / her to the party.
In your letter:
explain the reason for the party
give the date and time of the party
suggest what the classmate could bring to the party
Begin your letter as follows: Dear ________
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

2. Advising a friend about a holiday

An English-speaking friend wants to spend a two-week holiday in your region and has written
asking for information and advice. Write a letter to your friend. In your letter:
offer to find somewhere to stay
give advice about what to do
give information about what clothes to bring
Begin your letter as follows: Dear _______
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

3. Apologizing to a friend
You borrowed an important textbook from a classmate last term. You now realize your
classmate had returned home overseas and you still have the book. Write a letter to to him /
her. In your letter:
apologize for the mistake
find out how important the book is to him / her
say what you will do
Begin your letter as follows: Dear _____________
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

4. Thanking a friend for a holiday

You have recently been to stay with an old friend for a few days. You hadn't seen each other
for a long time. Write a letter to the friend. In your letter:
say how you felt about the visit
refer to something enjoyable that you did while staying with him / her
invite your friend to visit you
Begin your letter as follows: Dear ________
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

5. Advising a friend about work

An English-speaking friend is coming to study in your town next year and has written asking
for information and advice. Write a letter to your friend. In your letter:
Offer to find a place for him / her to live
Give advice about how to find a part-time job
Give information on where he / she can learn your language
Begin your letter as follows: Dear __________
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

6. Forgetting something at a friend's

You stayed at your friend's house when you participated in a conference in Australia. You left
a briefcase with important documents in your room. Write a letter to your friend. In the
letter:
thank your friend for the stay
describe the briefcase

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ask him/her to return it to you by post

Begin your letter as follows: Dear _________
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
7. Reminding a Friend
A year ago, you lent your favorite book to a friend who you thought would enjoy it.
Unfortunately, your friend has forgotten to return it. The book has sentimental value to you
as it had been presented by your grandmother. Write a letter to your friend. In the letter:
ask how he or she is doing
remind him / her about the book
explain why you need it back
Begin your letter as follows: Dear ________
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
8. Congratulating a Friend
Your best friend just had her first baby. You are currently overseas but will be returning to
your hometown in a week. Write to your friend. In your letter:
congratulate your friend
tell her when you will be returning home
ask when you could drop in to meet her and the baby
Begin your letter as follows: Dear _________
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
9. Requesting Help
Your parents will be celebrating their 40th anniversary next month. You are planning a big
celebration, but you are not sure how to make the occasion really memorable. Write to your
best friend, Joan, who is a professional event planner. In your letter:
explain why the occasion is special
ask for her assistance
set up a time to meet at your friend's convenience to discuss your plans
Begin your letter as follows: Dear Joan,
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
10. Admitting a Mistake
You attended an old friend's wedding in another city, about 3 hours away, a week ago. It was
an outdoor wedding held on a rainy day and you had taken along a rather expensive, elegant
umbrella. When you returned, you were tired and went straight to bed. You had a very busy
week. This weekend, when it started to rain, you realized you had the wrong umbrella. You
must have taken someone else's umbrella, which was very similar to your own, when leaving
the wedding reception. Write to your friend who got married. In your letter:
congratulate him / her on the beautiful wedding
explain the situation
ask how you can return this umbrella and locate your own
Begin your letter as follows: Dear Joan __________
You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

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SOLVED GRAPHS

1) Leisure time in a typical week in hour- by sex and employment status, 1998-99.

Model Answer 1:
The provided chart shows the number of leisure hours enjoyed by men and women in a typical
week in 1998-99, according to gender and employment status. As is observed from the graph,
the unemployed and retired men and women had more leisure time than the other type of
people.

Among the full-time employed people, men had about 45 hours of leisure time on an average per
week compared to the 38 hours of leisure time for women. No data is given for the part-time
employed men and women from this category enjoyed 40 hours of leisure time in a week. This
figure is slightly more than the employed women perhaps because of their employment nature.

Unemployed and retired people had the longest period for leisure activity both for men and
women and men had a bit more hours than the women. As expected the retired and unemployed
people enjoyed about 78 to 82 hours per week which is longer than people from other
employment statuses. Lastly, housewives enjoyed approximately 50 hours of leisure time which
is more than the employed women but less than the unemployed and retired women. The graph
reflects that men had more leisure time from all employment statuses than women which

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indicates that women spent more time working at home than their male counterparts.

The graph summarizes that the male enjoyed more leisure time than women and employed
people had less time for leisure activities than retired and unemployed people.

Sample Answer 2:
The graph compares the amount of leisure time enjoyed by people of different employment levels
in a typical week in the year 1998-1999.
In the given column graph, no data has been provided for the part-time employed and house-
staying men. For rest of the cases, Men have more leisure time than women of the same
category. The highest amount of leisure hours is enjoyed by those, who are unemployed.
Unemployed men had approximately 85 hours of spare time and women from the same category
had about 83 hours. The retired people also enjoyed the same amount of leisure activities as did
the unemployed men and women. On the contrary, full-time employed men had a total of 40
hours leisure time compared to about 37 hours of women from the same status. Finally, women
with part-time jobs had 40 hours to spend for their leisure activities and housewives had 50 hours
leisure time per week.

In conclusion, unemployed and retire people, both men and women enjoyed more leisure time
than employed people and men compared to women had more time for leisure activities.

Sample Answer 3:
The bar chart compares the leisure hours enjoyed by male and female based on the employment
status during the year 1998 to 1999.
It is clearly evident from the graph that female in all respective of employment status enjoys time
killing when compared to male. Men and women, who are unemployed and retired, spent more
leisure hours when compared to employed people. Unemployed males (85 hours per week) and
females (78 hours per week) only show a slight difference in hours spent for leisure time.
Similarly, retired employees (male75 hours per week, female 82 hours per week) spent almost
same leisure hour irrespective of gender.

In contrast, the number of leisure hour spent by employed males is 42 hour weekly and by
female employees, this was around 40 hours per week. Housewives spent almost 10 hours more
than employed females (50 hours per week).

Overall, the bar chart shows the number of leisure hours spent during retirement and
unemployment is high when compared to employment period. In addition, males enjoy more
leisure hours per week when compared to females.

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Model Answer 4:
The given bar graph depicts the hours of leisure time enjoyed by men and women in a typical
week in different employment sectors in the year 1998-99. The first point to note is that, only mild
variations between both sexes of free time enjoyment in the given year.
Interestingly, almost equal hours are spent for relaxation by both men and women in unemployed
and retired sections. It occupied around 85 and 75 hours by men and women respectively.
Whereas, only around half of this figure engaged with free time in employment section with 42
and 38 hours by men and women respectively. Part time employed women and housewives are
engaged 40 and 50 hours respectively in leisure time activities and the figure for these sectors
for men is not mentioned in the graph.

To conclude, it is clear from the graph that, unemployed and retired people are spent more time
for enjoyment and males are dominant than females irrespective of employment status.

Model Answer 5:
The bar graph illustrates the amount of time that was spent for leisure activities per week by male
and female from various employment statuses between 1998 to 1999 period. It is clear that that
unemployed and retired man and women had the highest leisure time among the other groups.

Total time spent on leisure activities by the unemployed and retired male and female groups were
the highest among the other groups. Times spent by the unemployed and retired men were
approximately 85 and 84 hours per week, while the women's were the same at around 79 hours.
As for the full time employed male and female, their weekly figures were accounted at an
average of 45 and 38 hours respectively.

It is noticed that in the part-time employed group, the amount of leisure time for the men was
zero, while the women spent around 40 hours per week. And lastly, the number of leisure time
that was spent by housewives on a weekly basis was accounted at approximately 50 hours.

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2) The given pie charts compare the expenses in 7

different categories in 1966 and 1996 by American
Citizens.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.

You should write at least 150 words.

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

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Sample Answer 1:
The pie charts compare the expenditure of US residents in two different years for seven
categories namely food, cars, petrol, restaurants, furniture, computers and books.

It is clear that the largest proportion of American citizens spending went on foods and cars. On
the other hand, computers and books have the lowest percentage in the chart in 1966 and 1996
respectively. In 1966, 23% of American citizens expenditure went on cars. The percentage rose
to nearly double at 45% in 1996.The proportion of spending on food fell from 44% in 1966 to only
14% in 1996.

Expenditure on computers stood at only 1% in 1966 but reached 10% in 1996. The percentage of
American citizens spending on restaurants had doubled from 7% in 1966 to 14% in 1996.
Spending on books was highest in 1966, at 6%. By contrast, there was no significant change in
the proportions of petrol and furniture over a period as a whole.

Sample Answer 2:
The pie charts show changes in American spending patterns between 1966 and 1996.

Food and cars made up the two biggest items of expenditure in both years. Together they
comprised over half of household spending. Food accounted for 44% of spending in 1966, but
this dropped by two-third to 14% in 1996. However, the outlay on cars doubled, rising from 23%
in 1966 to 45% in 1996. Other areas changed significantly. Spending on eating out doubled,
climbing from 7% to 14%. The proportion of salary spent on computers increased dramatically,
up from 1% in 1996 to 10% in 1996. However, as computer expenditure rose, the percentage of
outlay on books plunged from 6% to 1%. Some areas remained relatively unchanged. Americans
spent approximately the same amount of salary on petrol and furniture in both years.

In conclusion, increased amounts spent on cars, computers, and eating out were made up for by
drops in expenditure on food and books.

Sample Answer 3:
The two provided pie charts compare the expenditure of Americans in 7 different categories
namely food, cars, petrol, restaurants, furniture, computers, and book between 1966 and 1996.

It is evident from the information provided that foods and cars made up the biggest proportions of
spending among Americans in both years. Specifically, in 1966, the highest proportion of
expenses went to food with 44% of the total expense, followed by cars with 23%. After 30 years,

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this figure observed a reversal when the spending for cars accounted for a massive 45% while
that for food dropped to just 14%.

Turning to the other expenses, petrol and furniture stood for roughly equal proportions of money
spent with 9% and 10% respectively in 1966 and both 8% in 1996. The expenditure for
restaurant experienced an increase with 7% in 1966 and a double to 14% after 30 years. It is
also interesting to note that the spending on books and computers changed conversely. Over the
30-year period, the figure for books declined from 6% to a negligible 1%, in contrast, money
spent on computers underwent a remarkable growth from 1% to 10%.

In short, Americans spent most of their money on food and cars in both 1966 and 1996, and the
spending for computers increased considerably after 30 years.

3) The graph below shows information on

employment rates across 6 countries in 1995 and
2005.
Summarise the information by choosing and describe the main idea, and make
comparisons where appropriate.

You should write at least 150 words.

You should take 20 minutes to complete this task.

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Sample Answer 1:
The supplied bar graph shows changes in employment rates in six countries namely Australia,
Switzerland, Ireland, UK, New Zealand and the USA between 1995 and 2005. As is observed,
more and more people of working age are employed, and there have been significant
improvements for women, although they lag behind men in entering the workforce.

The most obvious trend in the graph is that women have lower employment rates in most of the
countries in the graph. For example, in Australia in 1995, 57 percent of men could find work or
retain a job, but only 27 percent of women. The difference was even bigger in New Zealand, with
60 percent of women. Even in Switzerland and Iceland, slightly more men than women were in
the job market.

The second biggest trend in the graph is the improvement in employment between 1995 and
2005. In all countries shown, figures for both men and women improved. The biggest change
was in the United Kingdom, from 55 percent of men in 1995 to 73 percent over the ten years
period. Furthermore, the increases in employment rates for women were much higher in New
Zealand. The percentage of working women jumped from 25 percent to 42 percent, and in the
United States from 45 percent to 61 percent over the decade.

In conclusion, all the countries in the graph showed at least a 12 percent increase in employment
rates of both men and women over the ten years. While men had relatively higher employment
rate throughout the period, more and more women appear to be entering the labour market.

Model Answer 2:
The supplied bar graph compares the employment rates between men and female in 6 different
countries for the years 1995 and 2005. As is observed from the given data, the male employment
percentage was higher than the female employment percentage in all of the given six countries
and the overall employment conditions in Iceland, Switzerland is comparatively better than the
other four countries.

As is given in the presentation, initially in 1995, more than 65% male were employed in
Switzerland and in Iceland while in other four countries this rate was less than 60%. After 10
years, the male employment percentage reached over 70% except in Australia. On the contrary,
in 1995, the female employment percentage was over 50% only in Switzerland and for the rest of
the countries, this was from 28 to 58%. This percentage also increased over the 10 years and in
2005, female employee percentage reached to almost 70% in Switzerland and for the rest of the
countries, it was 50%.

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In summary, the male had a better employment record than the female and in 10 years the
employment opportunity for both male and female increased.

Sample Answer 3:
The supplied bar chart compares the employment rate among men and women workers in 1995
and 2005 in six countries across the globe. It is clear that in 1995, the employment rates in
Iceland and Switzerland were comparatively higher than other countries and more men were
employed than that of women in the given countries.

Male employment rates in Switzerland and Iceland was over 65% while it was exactly 60% in
New Zealand in 1995. In this year about 58% Australian male was employed while in the USA it
was just below 60%. Finally, in the UK about 55% male were employed. On the other side,
women employment rate in this year was comparatively lower (only 27-28%) in Australia and
New Zealand. Women in Switzerland had the highest employment rate in this year which was
approximately 58%.

After 10 years, the employment rate, both for woman and men, increased and the highest
employment rate for men could be observed in Iceland (82%) and lowest in Australia (69%).
Similarly, the highest women employment rate was in Switzerland (68%) and lowest in Australia
(38%). Though the percentage of women employment increased in 2005, men were still ahead
of women in employment sectors in these six countries

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4) The graph shows Underground Station passenger

numbers in London.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
You should write at least 150 words.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

Model Answer 1:
The given line graph shows data on the number of underground station passengers of London
city from 6:00 am till 10:00 pm. As is observed from the graph, the highest number of people use
the underground stations of London at 8:00 am and 6:00 pm.

At 6:00 am around 100 underground passengers can be found at the stations and this number
increases seamlessly until 8:00 am when the passengers' number reaches to 400. After 8:00 am
the number declines steadily until 10:00 am when it reaches around 180. The number keeps
fluctuating until 4:00 pm and on an average 200 passengers can be observed during this period.
After 4:00 pm the passenger number increases and reaches at 380 at around 6:00 pm. After 6:00
pm, the passenger number decreases with some fluctuations until 10:00 pm.

In summary, the highest number of passengers of London underground stations can be found in
the stations during the office going and office leaving times in a day.

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Model Answer 2:
The graph shows the number of passengers travelling at various times in an underground station
in London. As per the chart, there are 400 passengers travelling at 8.00 am and this seems to be
the time that majority of the travelling takes place. This might be because people usually go to
work or children to school at this time; hence, 8.00 am has the highest number of people using
the underground station.

Moreover, the second highest numbers of travellers were, with a slightly less number than 8.00
am is the evening travel, at 18.00 having 390 travellers. Hence, the immediate justification would
be as it is the time, people travelling back after work. However, it is noticeable that the least
number of people use the underground at 4.00 pm and 6.00 am assuming it is the same type of
people travelling back and forth at different times for starting work and finishing work. It is also
observed that the number of people travelling (300) seems to happen frequently at different times
during the day.
Overall, the time of the day that shows a high number of people using the underground station in
London are at 8.00am and 6.00pm.

Sample Answer 3:
The provided line graph shows information about the numbers of people who use the
underground station in London around the clock of a typical day. As is observed from the graph,
the busiest times at underground station are 8:00 am and 6:00 pm.
The highest numbers of people use the station in the morning and more specifically at around
8:00 in the morning. A rapid growth can be observed between 6:00 am and 8:00 am in the
morning when around 400 people use the station at around 7:30 am. This number then quickly
drops to below 200 at around 10:00 am. Again this number rises between 11:00 and 3:00 pm
when around 300 people use the underground station with some fluctuations.

In the afternoon, this number decline, with less than 100 people using the station at 4:00 pm. At
6:00 pm this number reaches at 380. After 7:00 pm, the total number of passengers declines
significantly and fluctuates for last two hours from 8:00 pm to 10:00 pm.

In summary, London underground station remains busy in the starting of the day at morning and
in the early evening.

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Sample Answer 4:
The line graph depicts the variation in the number of London subway passengers during 6 a.m.
to 22 p.m. on a typical day.
At a glance, busiest time is 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. To commence with, a large proportion of total
people use underground railway facility at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. which are about 400. From 6 a.m. to
8 a.m. the steep incline in the number of passengers from 100 to 400. In the next hour, it again
plummets back into 175. Though there is a slight increase in the number of passengers, it
remains same that is almost 300 from 12.00 to 2.00 p.m. Then the total figure of travellers
declines 100 from 300 within two hours. Interestingly, at morning (6 a.m.) and at 4 p.m. almost an
equal number of people use underground transportations, which is 100. In spite of a small hike at
9 p.m., the underground system has an equal number of travellers at 20.00 and 22.00 hours.

To conclude, London underground station remains busy at office hours.

5) The table below provides information on rental

charges and salaries in three areas of London.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
You should write at least 150 words.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

Weekly rents per property (/w) Salaries needed (/year)

Sample Answer 1:
The table compares the property rent per week in three areas in London and also shows the
required salary to be able to afford to hire these properties. A quick glance at the table reveals
that Notting Hill is the most expensive area among the three in terms of its property rent while it
is comparatively cheaper to rent an accommodation in Fulham.

Now turning back to the details, the weekly rent of one-bed property in Notting Hill is around
375 which increases to 485 for a two bedroom apartment and as high as over 700 for a three
bedroom house. To be able to support the property cost in Notting Hill it is suggested that
someone has to earn from around 99,000 to 195,000 per annum. The house rent in Regents
Park starts from 325 for a small house and ends at 650 for a big house. It is clear that the rent

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in this area is comparatively cheaper than that of Notting Hill and the salary that someone should
earn to hire properties in Regents Park ranges from roughly 85,000 to 170,000. Finally, the
property rent in Fulham is the cheapest among the three areas of London which vary from 215
to 600 for a one to three bedroom apartment. The earning requirement to live here also
decreased and ranges from 56,000 to 157,000 per year.

Sample Answer 2:
The table shows two sets of related information- the relative weekly cost, in pounds, for renting a
property with one, two or three bedrooms in three different suburbs of London and an indication
of the kind of annual salary someone would need to be able to rent property in these areas.

Of the three areas mentioned, Notting Hill is the most expensive area with weekly rents starting
at 375 (salary required approximately 99,000 per year) and rising to 738 per week for a three
bedroom property and to afford a large apartment a Londoner would require a salary of 200,000
per annum. Alternatively, Fulham is the cheapest area shown with rents ranging from 215 per
week for a one bedroom property to 600 per week for a three bedroom property. To rent in this
area, salaries need to be somewhere between 56,000 and 158,000 depending on the number
of bedrooms required. For those able to pay in the middle price range for accommodation,
Regent's Park might be a more suitable district with its house rent from 325 to 650 pound per
week.

6) Worldwide Mobile Phone Sales in 2005 & 2006 (% share of market)

Sample Answer 1:
The given data shows the mobile phone manufacturers market share worldwide for the year
2005 and 2006. As is observed from the given data, Nokia has the highest market share of cell
phone worldwide both in 2005 & 2006 and the market shares of Nokia, Motorola and Sony
Ericsson had increased in 2006 than they had in 2005.

As is presented, Nokia had the largest market share (one-third of total) in 2005 and their market
share increased by 2.5% in the next year. Motorola had the second largest market share
comprising over 17% in 2005 and their market share increase as well in the next year by almost
4%. Samsung had been able to maintain the third position for their worldwide mobile phone
market share, their share decreased to 11.8% in 2005 compared to 12.7% market share in the
previous year. On the other hand, Sony Ericsson and L.G both had more than 6% market share

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in 2005. In 2006, though Sonly Ericssons market share increased by 1%, L.Gs market share
decreased. BenQ Mobile had the lowest market share in the cell phone manufacturing worldwide
and their share got down less than half in the next year. All other mobile manufacturers market
share comprised over 19% in 2005 and that reduced to slightly over 16% as Nokia, Motorola and
Sony Ericsson had been able to secure more market share worldwide.

Sample Answer 2:
The line graph gives the comparison of the global sales of seven mobile phone brands in the
year 2005 and 2006. Generally speaking, most of the brands' sales went down in the year 2006,
except for Nokia, Motorola and Sony Ericsson.

In both years, manufacturers of Nokia has reached the largest market share having one-third of
the overall global mobile phone sales. While, other mobile phone companies also presented as
the second largest market sale in 2005 which comprised over 19%, but their figure drastically
dropped by 3% in 2006. On the other hand, Motorola also shows a significant increase in their
sale in 2006 by almost 4% from previous year. However, as Sony Ericsson mobile had been able
to maintain their sales with only a slight increase of 1% from 2005. Likewise, a gentle declined of
less than 1% for Samsung and LG mobile in 2006.

To conclude, In both years, BenQ Mobile had the lowest market share globally whereas Nokia
Mobile secured the top in its rank as number one leading cellphone company worldwide.

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7) The two graphs show the main sources of energy

in the USA in the 1980s and the 1990s.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the changes which occurred.

Write at least 150 words.

Model Answer 1:
The pie chart depicts the different sources of energy in the USA in two decades the 1980s and
1990s. An overview of the diagram shows that the major source of energy production in the USA
was oil.

The diagram shows that oil was the main energy source for the USA which was used to produce
42% energy in the 1980s and 33% in 1990s. Around one-fourth of energy in the USA came from
natural gas both in these decades. The usage of nuclear power as a source of energy increases
and it produced 10% energy in the 1990s which were double than the percentage of energy
production from this source in early decade.The production of energy from coal in the 1980s was
around 22% and it increases by 5% in 1990s. It is very surprising to notice that the production of
energy from hydroelectric power remained the same (i.e. 5%) in both decades.

To conclude, oils was the main energy production source in the 80s and 90s in the USA and the
use of nuclear power as a source of energy doubled.

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Sample Answer 2:
The given pie charts show data on the main energy sources in the United States of America for
two decades. As is presented in the pie charts, oil was the main energy source for the USA both
in the 80s and 90s.

According to the given data, oil was the main energy source in the USA which was 42% in 1980.
The second largest energy source in this decade was the natural gas which supplied 26% of total
energy in the same period. Then coal supplied more than 20 percent energy demand in the USA
while hydroelectric power and Nuclear power both supplied 5% of the total energy.

In the next decade, the Nuclear power produced one-tenth of total energy demand and that was
almost double that it was in the previous decade. The hydroelectric power as an energy source
remained unchanged as it provided 5% of total energy demand in this decade also. The two
other main sources of energy in the USA remained almost unchanged in this decade and those
two sources were Coal and Natural Gas. Finally, the use of oil as an energy source reduced to
33%, which is almost 10% less than the previous decade but remained the largest source albeit
the reduction in this 90s decade.

In summary, the use of oil and coal had reduced and their places as energy sources were
replaced by the use of Nuclear power in the USA.

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8) The diagrams show a structure that is used to

generate electricity from wave power.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Sample Answer:
The diagrams show the structure and processes of generating electricity from the wave power.
As is observed from the presented illustration, the wave is used to produce the electricity and
both the tide and ebb the structure is used to rotate a turbine to produce the electricity.

According to the given pictorial, the electricity producing machine works in two ways. Firstly, the

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structure is placed near a sea so that the wave water gets inside the chamber and creates an air
pressure that would rotate the turbine placed inside a column. The rotation of the turbine
produces electricity which is stored in the cells and this electricity can be passed and used. The
whole structure is placed near the sea, adjacent to a cliff or sea wall.

The second illustration depicts how the electricity can be produced using the ebb tide of the sea.
During the ebb, the water gets off from the chamber and the air pressure is created again from
the opposite direction and this rotates the turbine. The rotation of the turbine produces electricity
and supplies it to the storage.

In summary, the electricity can be produced using a structure near the sea and both the tide and
the ebb-tide is used to rotate the turbine to produce the electricity.

9) The diagram below shows the process by which

bricks are manufactured for the building industry.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

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Sample Answer 1:
The given diagram shows the process of brick manufacturing in different stages for the building
industries. As is presented in the diagram, brick manufacturing involves about 7 steps including
the digging stages to delivery stage.
As is given in the graph, the first step of brick manufacturing is digging the clay with a large
digger. This clay is then filtered and processed in a roller machine and then mixed with sand and
water. In the third stage, the mixture is either kept in a mould or cut in a wire cutter to make the
raw shape of the bricks. In the next stage, the shaped raw bricks are dried for 24 to 48 hours in
drying oven. After that, the dried raw bricks are kept in kiln both in moderate and high
temperature in up to 1300 degree centigrade and then placed in a cooling chamber for about 48
to 72 hours. This process makes the brick to be packed and delivered in the final two steps. The
delivery process is the final process of brick manufacturing and as it is observed, brick making is
a moderately complex process that requires some predefined stages to make it deliverable.

Model Answer 2:
The provided diagram gives information about the manufacturing process of bricks for
construction.

To begin with, a certain amount of clay is collected by a digger and then this goes through a
metal grid and large parts of clay become small ones. They are transported to the next stage by
a roller during which sand and water are added and mixed together. The mixture later either
moves through a brick cutter which cuts it into many parts of the shape of brick or is placed into a
mould in which the shape of a brick is formed. Afterwards, these brick-shaped parts are put into a
drying oven and stay there for 24 to 48 hours. Next, they are transferred to the first kiln for
heating, whose temperature is moderate, 200 to 980 C. After this, they are heated in the second
kiln under the high temperature from 870-1300C. Subsequently, in a cooling chamber, they are
cooled for two to three days before they are packaged and delivered to the construction sites.

To sum up, the whole process consists of generally seven steps during which the raw material is
dried, heated, cooled and packaged.

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Sample Answer 3:
This supplied diagram illustrates the brick manufacturing process in an orderly manner starting
from the digging of clay up to the bricks ready to be delivered into the market. As is seen in the
given illustration, brick manufacturing is a complex process and involves 7 stages until they are
ready to be sold in the market.
The process is initiated by digging clay with the help of a heavy machinery digger. This clay is
then refined through the metal grid which throws the refined clay on the rollers. Sand and water
are mixed and this mixture is either moulded or cut using a wire cutter to give the bricks a raw
shape. These bricks are put in a drying oven for 24-48 hours. The dried bricks are then passed to
kilns with moderate (200 to 980 degree C) and high temperature (870 1300 degree C) and
finally placed in a cooling chamber for 48-72 hours. After cooling down the bricks, they are
placed on a pallet for packaging and to be loaded on a lorry for delivery.

In conclusion, the process of manufacturing bricks is a complex process which passes through
several stages before the bricks are ready for use.

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10) The diagram below shows the typical stages

of consumer goods manufacturing, including the
process by which information is fed back to earlier
stages to enable adjustment.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the process shown.

You should write at least 150 words.

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

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Sample Answer 1:
This provided flow chart illustrates the process of consumer goods production in an orderly
manner and includes various stages of production and sales together with the feedback supplied
towards the earlier stages which allows improvements and modifications throughout the process.
The product manufacturing process is initiated with the purchase of raw materials and
manufactured components which are kept in storage until production process is planned.
Production planning involves product research and design. The process is carried through the
stages of assembly, inspection, testing and packaging of the final product sequentially which is
then dispatched for sale.

Production planning provides feedback for storage. Likewise, sales provide feedback for both
production planning and market research, which in turn provides feedback for advertising and
packaging. Similarly, both market research and testing provide feedback for design.

In summary, this flowchart illustrates the production process and the feedback provided at
various stages of goods manufacturing.

Sample Answer 2:
The given diagram shows the stages of manufacturing and process adjustment of the consumer
goods. As is observed from the flow chart, the goods manufacturing is a complex process which
is done in several stages and information is sometimes fed back to earlier stages to make some
adjustments.

Firstly, raw materials and other components are stored together and production planning is done.
Two major process involves in the overall manufacturing process: one is manufacturing process
itself and another one is the information feedback process with which the adjustment of the
manufacturing is done. After the product research, the design part is done and this input is used
in product planning stage. After the production planning is complete the assembly, inspection,
testing and packaging stages are done sequentially. Feedback from testing phase is used in the
design stage and which led back to product planning stage. Again, the market research affects
the design and advertising stages and inputs from the market research stage are used in the
packaging stage. The final two stages are dispatch and sales. The information flow stage gives
feedback to other stages to refine and adjust the process.

In summary, the consumer goods manufacturing process involves both the multi-staged
manufacturing and research methods. The manufacturing stages involve the storage, assembly,
inspection, packing to the sales methods whereas the research stages include market & product
research, design and advertisement.

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Sample Answer 3:
The given diagram shows the steps of the consumer products manufacturing process, as is
clearly show in the diagram that goods manufacturing is a complex process from collection of
raw materials to the end product.
As the process clearly shows the first stage of product development is collection and storage of
raw materials and manufacturing components. The second stage is designing of the products
and production planning and its a lengthy process which includes supervision and monitoring
designing progress frequently, and before market surveys, it is necessary to test the product to
being aware the quality of the product. If the product is quality wise good then the next stage is
packing of the products and make advertise for sale. In this production and manufacturing
process, there are mainly two types of processes- flow of manufacturing process and flow of
information feedback.

In summary, it is value chain development process that starts from collection of raw materials to
the end or final product for sale, in each stage of this manufacturing process value is added to
products.

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