DESIGN OF MIX:

1) TARGET STRENGTH FOR MIX PROPORTIONING:

f'ck =fck + 1.65 s

Where,

f'ck = target average compressive strength at 28 days;

fck = characteristic compressive strength at 28 days=20 MPa;

s = standard deviation from table 1=4 N/mm2

Hence, Target mean strength=20+1.65=26.6 N/mm2

2) SELECTION OF WATER-CEMENT RATIO:

From following of figure, for free w/c ratio required for the target mean strength of
26.6N/mm2 is 0.50.

Figure 1:W/C ratio selection

 From following figure 28 days strength of cement 51 N/mm2(43grade cement),for
curve D, the free water cement ratio is 0.52.

Figure 2:W/C ratio selection by target mean strength

From following table the maximum free water cement ratio for Mild exposure is
0.65.

Table 1:W/C as per Durability Requirements

Exposure Condition Maximum Water cement Ratio

Mild 0.65
Moderate 0.55
Severe 0.45

Hence ,the free water cement ratio is taken as the minimum of above three values=0.50.
 3) ESTIMATION OF AIR CONTENT:

For maximum size of aggregate of 20mm,the air content is taken as 2.0%.

4) CALCULATION OF CEMENT CONTENT:

From following table for 20mm nominal aggregate and sand conforming to zone-II,

water content per cubic meter of concrete=186 kg

sand = 35 % of total aggregate by absolute volume

for change in values in water-cement ratio, compacting factor and sand belonging to zone-III
the following adjustments are required:

Table 2:Adjustment of values in water content and sand percentage for other conditions

Change in condition Adjustment required

i) For decrease in water-cement
ratio(0.6-0.5)=0.1
ii)For increase in compression
factor(0.9-0.8)=0.1
iii)For sand conforming to zone-III
Total
water content percentage sand in total
aggregate
0 -2
3 0
0 -1.5
3 -3.5

Required water content=186+(186+0.03)=191.6 kg/m3

Required sand content percentage of total aggregate by absolute volume p=35-3.5=31.50%

5) DETERMINATION OF CEMENT CONTENT:

Water-cement ratio=0.50

Water=191.6 liter=191.6kg

w/c =0.5

191.6/c=0.5

C=382.20 kg/m3=383 kg/m3>300kg/m3.OK

The cement content is adequate for mild exposure condition.

6) DETERMINATION OF FINE AGGREGATE AND COARSE AGGREGATE

CONTENT :

Consider volume of concrete=1 m3

But, entrapped air in wet concrete=2%
Absolute volume of fresh concrete=1-0.02=0.98m3

V=[W+(C/SC)+(fa/PSfa]/1000
0.98=[1.918+(383/3.15)+(fa/0.3152.66)]1000
fa=558.75 kg.mass of F.A.

V=[W+(C/SC)+(fa/(1-P)SCa]/1000
0.98=[1.918+(383/3.15)+(fa/(1-0.315)2.75)]1000
Ca=1256.24 kg.mass of C.A.

MIX PROPERTIONS(By Mass):

Water Cement F.A. C.A.
3
191.6 liter 383Kg/m 558.75 Kg/m3 1256.24 Kg/m3
0.50 1 1.46 3.28

7) QUANTITIES FOR 1 KG OF CEMENT:

Water Cement F.A. C.A.

25 liter 50 Kg 73 Kg 164 Kg

8) ADJUSTMENT FOR WATER ABSORPTION AND FREE

MOISTURE IN F.A. AND C.A.:

i) For W/C ratio=0.5,quantity of water=25.0 lit

ii) C.A. absorbs 1.208% water by mass.
Extra quantity of water to be added
=(1.208164)/100=1.98 lit(+)
iii) F.A. contains 2.28% free moisture by mass
Quantity of water to be deducted
=(2.2873)/100=1.66 lit(-)
iv) Actual quantity of water to be added
 =25+1.98-1.66=25.32 lit
v) Actual quantity of sand(FA) required after allowing for mass of free moisture.
=73+1.66=74.66 lit
vi) Actual quantity of coarse aggregate required=164-1.98=162.02kg

9) Actual quantities (by mass) for 1 bag of cement:

Water Cement F.A. C.A.

25.32 liter 50 Kg 74.66 Kg 162.02 Kg