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InsidetheTOEFLTestReading
FactualInformationandNegative
FactualInformationQuestions
Peopleinthisvideo
Michael
Intro
[musicplaying]
Onscreen:
InsidetheTOEFLTestReading
FactualInformation
NegativeFactualInformation
Michael:Hi,ImMichaelfromETS.TodayonInsidetheTOEFLTest,were
goinginsidetheTOEFLiBTReadingsection.Specifically,thefactual
informationandnegativefactualinformationquestions.
FactualInformationquestionsaskyoutorecognizeinformationthatisexplicitly
statedinthetext.
Thesemayincludefactssuchasmajorideas,supportingdetails,ordefinitions.
Negativefactualinformationquestionsaresimilar,exceptthat,insteadofonlyone
answerbeingtrue,threeofthefouranswersaretrue,andyouhavetodetermine
whichoneisfalse.
Onscreen:QuestionStructure
FactualInformationexplicitlystated
Majorideas
Supportingdetails
Definitions
NegativeFactualInformation3outof4answersaretrue.WhichoneisFALSE?
Michael:FactualInformationquestionswillhavephraseslikeAccordingtothe
paragraph,orParagraphXanswerswhichofthefollowing?inthequestion.
Fornegativefactualinformationquestions,lookforthewordsNOTor
EXCEPTincapitalletters.
Onscreen:RecognizingtheQuestionType
FactualInformation
http://www.ets.org/s/toefl/flash/34192_toefl2016r1_transcript.html 1/5
2017/1/17 InsidetheTOEFLTestReadingFactualInformationandNegativeFactualInformationQuestions
Accordingtotheparagraph
ParagraphXanswerswhichofthefollowing
NegativeFactualInformation
Accordingtotheparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingEXCEPT
Michael:Herearesometipsforansweringfactualandnegativefactual
informationquestions:
Number1.Dontautomaticallyselectananswerjustbecauseitcontainswordsor
phrasesfromtheparagraph.Makesureyoucarefullyevaluateeachoptionto
determineifitiscorrect.
2.Forthenegativefactualinformationquestions,rememberthatyourelooking
forananswerthateitherisntintheparagraph,ordirectlycontradictsinformation
intheparagraph.
Onscreen:
FactualInformation
Dontselectananswerjustbecauseitcontainswordsorphrasesfromthe
paragraph.
Evaluateeachoptiontodetermineifitiscorrect.
ForNegativeFactualInformationquestions
Answeriseithernotintheparagraph,oritcontradictsinformationinthe
paragraph.
Michael:Letslookatasamplefactualinformationquestion.First,heresan
excerptfromareadingpassageaboutmeteoriteimpacts.
Onscreen:SampleQuestionsFactualInformation
ThebodythatimpactedEarthattheendoftheCretaceousperiodwasameteorite
withamassofmorethanatrilliontonsandadiameterofatleast10kilometers.
Scientistsfirstidentifiedthisimpactin1980fromtheworldwidelayerof
sedimentdepositedfromthedustcloudthatenvelopedtheplanetaftertheimpact.
Thissedimentlayerisenrichedintheraremetaliridiumandotherelementsthat
arerelativelyabundantinameteoritebutveryrareinthecrustofEarth.Even
dilutedbytheterrestrialmaterialexcavatedfromthecrater,thiscomponentof
meteoritesiseasilyidentified.By1990geologistshadlocatedtheimpactsite
itselfintheYucatnregionofMexico.Thecrater,nowdeeplyburiedinsediment,
wasoriginallyabout200kilometersindiameter.
Michael:Andheresthequestion.
Onscreen:Accordingtoparagraph3,howdidscientistsdeterminethatalarge
meteoritehadimpactedEarth?
a.TheydiscoveredalargecraterintheYucatnregionofMexico.
b.Theyfoundauniquelayerofsedimentworldwide.
c.Theywerealertedbyarchaeologistswhohadbeenexcavatinginthe
Yucatnregion.
d.Theylocatedameteoritewithamassofoveratrilliontons.
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2017/1/17 InsidetheTOEFLTestReadingFactualInformationandNegativeFactualInformationQuestions
Michael:Becarefulwhenselectingyouranswer,because3ofthe4answer
choicesmisstateinformationfromthepassageORcontradictinformationfrom
thepassage.
OneanswerwecandefinitelyeliminateisC,becausethereisnomentioninthis
paragraphofarcheologistsworkingintheYucatanregion.
ChoiceAlookslikewhatissaidhereinthelasttwosentences,whereitdoessay
theyfoundthecraterin1990.Buttheydeterminedin1980thattherewasa
meteoriteimpact,soitsnotchoiceA.
ChoiceDisincorrectbecauseitsaysthattheylocatedameteorite,whichisnot
truebecausewhattheyfoundwasthecrater,andotherevidenceofthemeteorite
impact,notthemeteoriteitself.
ThatleaveschoiceB,whichissupportedbythesecondandthirdsentences.The
secondsentencementionstheworldwidelayerofsedimentandthethird
sentenceexplainshowitisunique.ThereforeBisthecorrectanswer.
Onscreen:
RedXappearsnexttoansweroptionC.Theywerealertedby
archaeologistswhohadbeenexcavatingintheYucatnregion.
HighlightappearsonansweroptionA.Theydiscoveredalargecraterinthe
YucatnregionofMexico.
HighlightappearsonlasttwosentencesofthereadingexcerptBy1990
geologistshadlocatedtheimpactsiteitselfintheYucatnregionof
Mexico.Thecrater,nowdeeplyburiedinsediment,wasoriginallyabout
200kilometersindiameter.
Highlightappearsonthissentencefromthereadingexcerpt,Scientistsfirst
identifiedthisimpactin1980fromtheworldwidelayerofsediment
depositedfromthedustcloudthatenvelopedtheplanetaftertheimpact.
RedXappearsnexttoansweroptionA.Theydiscoveredalargecraterin
theYucatnregionofMexico.
RedXappearsnexttoansweroptionD.Theylocatedameteoritewitha
massofoveratrilliontons.
HighlightappearsonlasttwosentencesofthereadingexcerptBy1990
geologistshadlocatedtheimpactsiteitselfintheYucatnregionof
Mexico.Thecrater,nowdeeplyburiedinsediment,wasoriginallyabout
200kilometersindiameter.
HighlightappearsonansweroptionB.Theyfoundauniquelayerof
sedimentworldwide.
Highlightappearsonreadingexcerptsentences:Scientistsfirstidentified
thisimpactin1980fromtheworldwidelayerofsedimentdepositedfrom
thedustcloudthatenvelopedtheplanetaftertheimpact.Thissediment
layerisenrichedintheraremetaliridiumandotherelementsthatare
relativelyabundantinameteoritebutveryrareinthecrustofEarth.
GreencheckmarkappearsonansweroptionB.Theyfoundauniquelayer
ofsedimentworldwide.
Michael:NowletslookataNegativeFactualInformationquestion.Hereis
anotherparagraphaboutmeteoriteimpactsfromthesamereadingpassage.
Andheresthequestion.
Onscreen:NegativeFactualInformationQuestions
Thisimpactreleasedanenormousamountofenergy,excavatingacraterabout
twiceaslargeasthelunarcraterTycho.Theexplosionliftedabout100trillion
tonsofdustintotheatmosphere,ascanbedeterminedbymeasuringthethickness
ofthesedimentlayerformedwhenthisdustsettledtothesurface.Suchaquantity
ofmaterialwouldhaveblockedthesunlightcompletelyfromreachingthe
surface,plungingEarthintoaperiodofcoldanddarknessthatlastedatleast
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2017/1/17 InsidetheTOEFLTestReadingFactualInformationandNegativeFactualInformationQuestions
severalmonths.Theexplosionisalsocalculatedtohaveproducedvastquantities
ofnitricacidandmeltedrockthatsprayedoutovermuchofEarth,starting
widespreadfiresthatmusthaveconsumedmostterrestrialforestsandgrassland.
Presumably,thoseenvironmentaldisasterscouldhavebeenresponsibleforthe
massextinction,includingthedeathofthedinosaurs.
Accordingtoparagraph4,allofthefollowingstatementsaretrueoftheimpactat
theendoftheCretaceousperiodEXCEPT:
a.AlargeamountofdustblockedsunlightfromEarth.
b.Earthbecamecoldanddarkforseveralmonths.
c.NewelementswereformedinEarthscrust.
d.Largequantitiesofnitricacidwereproduced.
Michael:YouknowitsaNegativeFactualInformationquestionbecauseofthe
wordEXCEPTincapitalletters.Sothreeofthechoicesaregoingtomatch
informationintheparagraph,andonlyonewillnot.
Letsseehowmanycorrectchoiceswecanfindbyscanningforkeywordsthat
appearintheanswers,likedust,sunlight,cold,dark,elements,crust,andnitric
acid.Wemayalsoneedtolookforsynonymsofthesewords.
Soifwescantheparagraphforsometextaboutdustandblockedsunlightthat
correspondstochoiceA,wefindthis,anditsamatch.
ChoiceBishere,whereittalksaboutthecoldanddarkness.
ThereisnothingintheparagraphthattalksaboutnewelementsortheEarths
crust,sochoiceClookslikeitmightbetheanswer.
ForchoiceD,wefoundthatinformationhere,whereittalksaboutnitricacid.
SochoiceCisouranswer.
Onscreen:
HighlightappearsonEXCEPTinthequestion:Accordingtoparagraph4,
allofthefollowingstatementsaretrueoftheimpactattheendofthe
CretaceousperiodEXCEPT:
3of4answersaretrue.WhichoneisFALSE?
Highlightappearsondust,sunlight,cold,dark,elements,crust,andnitric
acidintheansweroptions
Highlightappearsonreadingexcerptsentences:Theexplosionliftedabout
100trilliontonsofdustintotheatmosphere,andSuchaquantityof
materialwouldhaveblockedthesunlightcompletelyfromreachingthe
surface,
Highlightappearsonreadingexcerptphrase:plungingEarthintoaperiod
ofcoldanddarknessthatlastedatleastseveralmonths.
Highlightappearsonreadingexcerptphrase:Theexplosionisalso
calculatedtohaveproducedvastquantitiesofnitricacid
HighlightandgreencheckappearonansweroptionC.Newelementswere
formedinEarthscrust.
Michael:Hereisatiptohelpyouimproveyourreadingskills.
Readnewsandmagazinearticlesaboutvarioussubjectsasoftenasyoucan,and
practicetakingnotes.Whendecidingwhattowritedown,askyourselfwhat
piecesofinformationareimportant,orrelevantorcredible?Thenwritethose
down,butkeepthenotesshort.Thatwillhelpyourememberimportant
informationinwhatyouread.
Onscreen:SkillBuildingTipsTakingNotes
Whatisimportant,relevantorcredible?
Keepthenotesshorttohelpyourememberimportantfacts
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2017/1/17 InsidetheTOEFLTestReadingFactualInformationandNegativeFactualInformationQuestions
Michael:TherearelotsofwaystoimproveyourEnglishskills.Whateveryoudo,
keeppracticing.AndgoodluckonyourTOEFLtest.
Onscreen:FormoreinformationabouttheTOEFLtestandtoregister,visitthe
TOEFLwebsiteatwww.toeflgoanywhere.org
[END]
Totallengthofvideo:4:55
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