Animal Cell Structure

The animal cell contains the following parts:

Cell Membrane is a thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell.
Nuclear Membrane: is the membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Nucleolus is an organelle within the nucleus.
Nucleus: is a spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus.
Centrosome (Microtubule Organizing Center): is a small body located near the nucleus it has a dense
centre and radiating tubules. The centrosomes is where microtubules are made.
Lysosome (Cell Vesicles): is a round organelles surrounded by a membrane and containing digestive enzymes.
Cytoplasm is the jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located.
Golgi Body is a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes and is located near the
nucleus.
Mitochondrion: Spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane.
Ribosome is small organelles made up of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis.
Vacuole is fluid-filled, membrane-surrounded cavities inside a cell.
Nucleopore is the tiny hole in the nuclear membrane, allows the movement of nucleic acids and proteins in/out
of the cell.
Plant Cell

The Cell Wall: It is a rigid layer that made up of cellulose. It is located outside the cell membrane. It comprises
of protein, polysaccharides and cellulose. The primary function of the cell wall is to protect and provide
structural support to the cell.
The formation of the cell wall is guided by microtubules. Some cell also comprises of the secondary cell wall. It
contains lignin and a secondary cell wall. The primary cell wall is formed by cellulose laid down by enzymes.
Plastids: They are membrane bound articles that comprise of own DNA. They are necessary to store starch, to
carry out the process of photosynthesis and in the synthesis of many molecules that are required for cellular
building blocks. Some of the vital types of plastids and their functions are stated below:
Leucoplasts: They are found in non-photosynthetic tissues of plants. They are used for the storage of
protein, lipid and starch.
Chloroplasts: It is an elongated organelle comprising chlorophyll. The chlorophyll absorbs light energy
from the sun and uses it to carbon dioxide and water to form food for the plant.
Chromoplasts: They are heterogeneous, plastids organelle that is responsible for pigment synthesis. They
are also used for storage in photosynthetic eukaryotes.
Nucleus: It is a membrane-bound structure. The vital function of a nucleus is to store DNA or hereditary
material which include cell division, metabolism, and growth.
Nucleolus: It manufactures cells protein-producing structures and ribosomes.
Nucleopore: Nuclear membrane is perforated with holes called as nucleopore that allows proteins and
nucleic acids.
The Central Vacuole: It occupies around thirty percent of the cells volume in a mature plant cell. Tonoplast is
a membrane that surrounds central vacuole. The vital function of central vacuole apart from storage is to sustain
maintain turgor pressure against the cell wall. The central vacuole consists of cell sap. It is a mixture of salts,
enzymes and other substances.
Chloroplast: The chloroplasts is enclosed by phospholipid membrane. It is involved in the process of
photosynthesis. The shape of the chloroplast varies. The stroma is the fluid within the chloroplast that comprise
a circular DNA.
ANIMAL CELL
PLANT CELL