TUESDAY GROUP 10

Neelkanth Kundu 2014EE10520

Nilesh Kumar Jha 2014EE10523
Ritik Vijayvergiya 2014EE10479

ELP 303
Power Engineering Laboratory
(Fall 2017)
OBJECTIVE: Use Matlab simulation program for the following
1) To study the severity of different faults like 3-phase fault, LG, LL & LLG faults.
2) To study the effect of transformer connection in fault studies.
3) To study the effect of network changes on the fault level for 3-phase fault.

Circuit Diagram:

Procedure:
1) Severity of Faults: We study the fault on bus-3.
a) Enter the bus, generator and transformer details as per the single line diagram of the system.
b) In this case edit only the faultdata.txt file to simulate different types of fault. Keep the fault
bus fixed at 3 and modify the type of faults as follows: 1: 3 Phase fault, 2: SLG, 3: LL & 4:
LLG.
c) Run the program each time and save the output files each time.
 2) Effect of Transformer Connection: Fault bus is chosen as Bus-6 and the connection of
transformer between 6 and 7 is changed.
a) In this case edit the transformer.txt file to change transformer connections and for each case
simulate all the types of faults by editing the faultdata.txt.
b) Fix the transformer type on LV side (Bus-7) as and change the transformer on HV side
(Bus-6) to Y-grounded, Y and and take the readings for all the type of faults (12-readings).

3) Effect of network changes :

a) Study the fault on bus-4 by removing the bus between 4 and 5 and then study the effect of
adding a bus by adding a bus between 4 and 6.
b) Study the effect of removing transformer by removing the transformer on bus and the
corresponding generator.
c) Study the effect of adding generator by adding a generator and transformer between bus 8 and
5, Transformer HV side is bus-5.

Observation and Results:

1) Comparison of severity of faults:
a) 3-phase fault: Bus-3
Fault current= 7.50544 -90.00000
Since it is a symmetrical fault it will have only positive sequence current.

Ia1

Ic1 Ib1

b) SLG Fault at Bus -3 Phase A

I1 =2.257 -90.000
I2 =2.257 -90.000
I0 =2.257 -90.000

0=1=2=/3. So Fault current= 6.771 -90.000

Ia1 Ia2

Ic1
Ib1 Ib2 Ic2
Ia0 Ib0 Ic0 Ia Ib= Ic = 0

Positive Sequence Negative Sequence Zero Sequence Phase Current

 c) LL Fault B to C Bus: 3
I1 3.753-90.000
I2 3.75390.000
I0 0.0000.000
Ib= 6.50
LL Fault : =,=0 and =. 0=0 and 1=2

Ia2
Ia1

Ic1 Ib1 Ib2

Ic2
Ia0 =Ib0 =Ic0=0 Ia =0 Ib=-Ic

Positive Sequence Negative Sequence Zero Sequence Phase Current

d) LLG Fault Bus -3.

I1 4.780-90.000
I2 2.72590.000
I0 2.05590.000
Ib= 7.1925.37
=0, V=0,and =0.

Ia2
Ia1

Ic1 Ib2 Ib Ic
Ib1
Ic2 Ia=0
Ia0 Ib0 Ic0

Positive Sequence Negative Sequence Zero Sequence Phase currents

Severity of Faults:
Fault Type Fault Current
3-phase fault 7.50544 -90.00000
SLG 6.771 -90.000
LL 8.2890
LLG 7.1925.37
The order of severity of fault: 3-phase > LLG > SLG >LL
 2) Effect of Transformer connection on faults:

a) LV:HV :Y-grounded Fault bus=6 Phase shift 300

Fault Type Fault Current
3-phase fault 9.571-90.00000
SLG 11.166 -90.000
LL 6.50
LLG 10.656438.93

b) LV:HV :Y-ungrounded Fault bus=6

Fault Type Fault Current

3-phase fault 9.571-90.00000
SLG 8.394 -90.000
LL 8.2890
LLG 9.0924.27

c) LV:HV : Fault bus=6

Fault Type Fault Current

3-phase fault 9.571-90.00000
SLG 8.394 -90.000
LL 8.2890
LLG 9.0924.27

The fault current on HV side of transformer in case of 3-phase fault is independent of transformer
connection.

For SLG fault the fault current on HV side follows:

:Y-grounded > :Y-ungrounded = :

For LL fault the fault current follows:

:Y-grounded < :Y-ungrounded = :

For LLG the fault current follows:

:Y-grounded > :Y-ungrounded = :

The sequence diagrams are same as previous part.

 3) Effect of Network change on 3-phase fault:
a) Bus fault at 4 without any change in connections
If= 8.18478-90

b) Fault at bus-4 and bus between 4 and 5 removed:

If= 6.82170-90.00000

c) Fault at bus-4 and a new bus added between bus-4 and bus-6:
If= 8.57367-90.00000

d) Transformer at bus 7 removed and the bus is also removed. Fault at bus-4:
If= 4.51343-90.00000

e) A generator is added between bus 5 and bus 8. Fault at bus -4:

If= 12.65954-90.00000

When a bus is removed between 4 and 5 the fault current decreases, since one path for the fault
current from that bus is reduced.
When a new bus is added between the faulted bus and any other bus the fault current increases as
there is an additional path for the fault current from that bus.
When a transformer and the corresponding generator is removed from the system the fault current
decreases as the power injected to the system is reduced due to generator removal.
When a new generator is added to the system the fault current increases as the power injected to
the system is increased.

Conclusion:
We have studied the fault analysis using simulation program as it is difficult to create different
types of fault in laboratory physically.
The theoretical and the experimental values match when we compare the severity of the faults.
Type of transformer connection doesnt affect the 3-phase fault current.
The fault current is affected when the network configuration is changed by adding/removing line
and by adding/removing generator.

Precautions:
Carefully modify the faultdata.txt , gendata.txt and linedata.txt for different fault conditions.
Save the results for each simulation in separate .txt files.
Dont take the fault on the bus which has generator connected to it.
Keep the transformer connection fixed on one side (LV) to when observing the effect of
transformer connection on fault current.