WIS21 22AILEARNINGGUIDE2017 Sem2 PDF

LEARNING GUIDE
MATHEMATICS 2
WIS21AI/WIS22AI
(Electrical, Mechanical and Civil Engineering)
2
COPYRIGHT
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No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher.
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ORGANISATIONAL COMPONENT
1. INTRODUCTION 4
2. CRITICAL CROSS-FIELD OUTCOMES 4
3. OBJECTIVE OF THE SUBJECT 4
4. PURPOSE OF THIS LEARNING GUIDE 4
5. SUBJECT INFORMATION 5
6. PRESCRIBED BOOK 5
7. BOOKS FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES 5
8. e-THUTO AND TWITTER 5
9. CALCULATOR 6
10. LECTURER INFORMATION 6
11. SYLLABUS AND WORKSCHEME 6
12. ASSESSMENT 7
13. HOW TO MASTER THE SUBJECT CONTENT 9
LEARNING COMPONENT
1. LEARNING UNITS
LEARNING UNIT 1 : DIFFERENTIATION 10

TUTORIALS 21
LEARNING UNIT 2 : INTEGRATION 26

TUTORIALS 35
LEARNING UNIT 3 : FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 39

TUTORIALS 43
LEARNING UNIT 4: MATRICES 45

TUTORIALS 51
2. FORMULAE 54
4
ORGANISATIONAL COMPONENT
1. INTRODUCTION
Welcome to Mathematics 2. We intend to make your learning experience in this subject as enjoyable as
possible. However, we cannot achieve this without your active participation in all aspects of the
learning process. It is thus imperative that you attend all lectures, be vigilant and attentive in class, ask
questions and participate in class discussions, do the class activities and make sure you understand the
subject content by revising and practising Mathematics for at least one hour per day.
2. CRITICAL CROSS-FIELD OUTCOMES:
According to SAQA the following seven critical cross-field outcomes must inform all teaching and learning
in our courses:
All students must develop:

the ability to identify and solve problems with responsible decisions shown to be the result of critical
and creative thinking;
the ability to work effectively with others as a member of a team, group, organisation and
community;
the ability to organise and manage oneself and ones activities responsibility and effectively;
the ability to collect, analyse, organise and critically evaluate information;
the ability to communicate effectively, using visual, mathematical and/or language skills in oral
and/or written presentation;
the ability to use science and technology effectively and critically, showing
responsibility towards the environments and health of others;
the ability to demonstrate an understanding of the world as a set of related systems by recognising
that problem-solving contexts do no exist in isolation.
3. OBJECTIVE OF THE SUBJECT
The objective of this course is to introduce students in the engineering fields to several mathematical
methods that are essential to the successful solution of real problems that will be encountered in several
areas of engineering applications.
After completion of this course you will be able to:

differentiate the common engineering functions and apply these techniques to solve optimization
problems in the engineering discipline;
integrate functions and apply it to solve engineering problems;
set up and solve first order differential equations;
apply the theory of matrices to solve systems of linear equations.
5
4. PURPOSE OF THIS LEARNING GUIDE:
This learning guide provides a framework in which the learning outcomes of the subject are clearly
stated. The aim of each learning theme is known to you, the student, well in advance. Therefore you
know what the syllabus comprises of and by which methods and criteria you will be assessed during and
at the end of the course.
The learning guide promotes selfstudy by the student. The continuous consultation of this learning guide
is therefore imperative as it provides you with, amongst others:
The learning outcomes of each learning unit that you should attain,
Information on which topic will be discussed (workscheme) and
Activities which will help you to attain the learning outcomes of the subject.
The learning guide also contains important information about your course lecturers, assessment,
prescribed books, etc.
5. SUBJECT INFORMATION
Learning area: Civil, Electrical and Mechanical Engineering

Instructional offering: Mathematics 2
Level: 2
Subject code: WIS21AI/WIS22AI
NQF level: 5
Credits: 12
Notional hours: 120
Prerequisites: Mathematics 1
Duration: One semester
Contact sessions: Seven 40-minute periods per week
Assessment: Three tests and one examination
6. PRESCRIBED BOOK:
Singh, K, Engineering Mathematics through applications, Palgrave Macmillan, 2nd edition, 2011, ISBN:
978-0-230-27479-2.
7. BOOKS FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES:
Stroud, KA& Booth, DJ,Engineering Mathematics, Palgrave MacMilllanPress, 5th edition, 2001.
Bird, J,Higher Engineering Mathematics, Amsterdam, Boston, Newnes, 5th edition, 2006.
Croft, A & Davison, R, Mathematics for Engineers, Pearson, 3rd edition, 2008
James, G,Modern Engineering Mathematics, Addison-Wesley, 2nd edition, 1996.

6
8. e-THUTO AND TWITTER:
e-Thutho is an electronic Learning Management System that offers a range of supporting learning tools
to you as student. In particular, through e-Thutho you will have electronic access to all the course
material such as lecture notes, worked examples, tutorials, tests and examinations (with their solutions).
Furthermore it also contains communication tools which enables communication between students and
communication between the lecturer and the student. Used in conjunction with the lectures and
tutorialsessions e-Thutho can go a long way in helping students to be successful. Please note that the
lecturers will provide you with further information during the first week of lectures. Please use the
following links to access e-Thuto: CUT homepageStudentsCurrent studentse-Thuto. Students can
also make use of Twitter to ask for additional help from the lecturer. Please use the address
@scienceatcut.
9. CALCULATOR:
Any non-programmable scientific calculator, preferably a SHARP or a CASIO.
10. LECTURER INFORMATION:
Prof M Truscott (co-

Lecturer Telephone Number 051 507 3536
ordinator for Maths 2)
Consultation Times Office Number New Maths Building: 222
Lecturer Dr G Makanda Telephone Number
Lecturer Dr Brink Telephone Number
Lecturer Mr S Ruswa Telephone Number

7
11. SYLLABUS AND WORKSCHEME:
DATE TOPIC Contact Notional COMMENTS

Hours Hours
1 Differentiation 16 (26 36.4
periods)
24.07.2017 1.1 Revision of Mathematics 1 2.7 (4 5.6 24.07.2017-Classes commence
to differentiation techniques periods) 24.07-28.07.2017-ENROLLMENT
28.07.2017 1.2 Further applications of 3.3 (5 7
differentiation: series periods)
expansions and numerical
solutions of equations:
31.07.2017 1.3 Differentiation of inverse 2 (3 4.2 31.07-11.08.2017-late
to trigonometric functions periods) registrations
04.08.2017 1.4 Differentiation of inverse 2 (3 4.2
hyperbolic functions periods)
07.08.2017 1.5 Differentiation of 2.7 (4 5.6 09.08.2017-PUBLIC HOLIDAY
to parametric functions periods) 11.08.2017-Last day: late
11.08.2017 1.6 Partial differentiation 4.7 (7 9.8 registrations
periods) 11.08.2017: TT1: Units 1.1-1.4
14.08.2017 1.6 Partial differentiation 4.7 (7 9.8
to Continued periods)
18.08.2017 2 Integration 12 (18 30.8
periods)
2.1 Revision and integration 2.7 (4 5.6
by substitution periods)
21.08.2017 2.2 Integration by parts 2.7 (4 5.6
to periods)
25.08..2017 2.3 Integration of partial 4 (3 8.4 25.08.2017: TT2: Units 1.5-1.6
fractions periods)
28.08.2017 2.3 Integration of partial 4 (3 8.4 29.08.2017-Final Oct/Nov
to fractions (continued) periods) assessment timetable
01.09.2017 2.4 Integration of 3.3 (5 7 01.09.2017: CT1: Units 1.1-1.6
trigonometric functions periods)
04.09.2017 2.5 Applications of 2 (3 4.2 08.09.2017-14H00: Spring
to integration: applications periods) Graduation Ceremony
08.09.2017 in thermodynamics and 07.09.2017: TT3: Units 2.1-2.3
structural mechanics,
average value and RMS
value, numerical
integration
3 First order differential 11.3 (17 15.4
equations periods)
3.1 Introduction 0.7 (1 1.4
period)
3.2 Solving differential 2 (3 4.2
equations by direct periods)
integration
11.09.2017 3.3 Solving differential 2 (3 4.2 15.09.2017: TT4: Units 2.4-2.5
to equations by separating periods)
15.09.2017 the variables
8
3.4 Solving differential 2.7 (4 5.6
equations by using the periods)
integrating factor
4 Matrices 8.7 (13 18.2
periods)
18.09.2017 4.1 Operations with matrices 4 (6 8.4 FEIT Main Tests commence
to periods) 20.09.2017
22.09.2017
25.09.2017 Third quarter concludes 25.09.2017 PUBLIC HOLIDAY

to 29.09.2017 3rd quarter tests
29.09.2017 marks entered into ITS
MT: Units 2.1-2.5
HOLIDAY
09.10.2017 4th Quarter commences 10.10.2017 Assessment papers
to 4.2 Solution of simultaneous 4.7 (7 9.8 for Oct/Nov handed in
13.10.2017 equations: Cramers rule, periods) 13.10.2017 4th quarter test
Gaussian elimination and marks entered into ITS
the inverse matrix method 12 or 13.10.2017: ST:Units 1.1-
2.5
16.10.2017 4.2 Solution of simultaneous 4.7 (7 9.8 17.10.2017 preliminary course
to equations: Cramers rule, periods) marks published
20.10.2017 Gaussian elimination and 20.10.2017 final course marks
the inverse matrix method published
(continued)
23.10.2017 Main assessment 23.01.2017 - Oct/Nov main
to assessment commences
10.11.2017 10.11.2017 Oct/Nov main
assessment concludes
13.11.2017 16.05.2017 Calculation of
to course marks
17.11.2017 18.05.2017 Final course marks
published
20.11.2017 Sickness, special, re- 20.11.2017 Oct/Nov Re-
to assessment assessment commences
01.12.2017 01.12.201 Oct/Nov Re-
assessment concludes
08.12.2017 Fourth quarter concludes
Tutorials 5.3 (8 11.2

periods)
Tests 2.7 (4 5.6
periods)
Examination 3
9
12. ASSESSMENT:
Abbreviations:
CT1: CLASS TEST 1
TT: TUTORIAL TEST
CT2: CLASS TEST 2
MT: MAIN TEST
CM: COURSE MARK
EM: EXAMINATION MARK
FM: FINAL MARK
Assessment criteria:
The assessment criteria for each unit can be found under the learning component section.
Assessment methods:
During a semester a minimum of one class test (CT1), one main test (MT) and an examination (EM)
will be scheduled. The mark of CT2 will be made up from the tutorial test marks (TT). A minimum of
four tutorial tests will be written during a semester. The four tutorial tests will be used to calculate
CT2. The dates for all the tests will be announced during the first week of lectures.
Absence during assessments:

If you cannot write a test or examination due to whatever reason, then you must report to your
lecturer concerned (in the case of class tests) or the examination department (in the case of
examinations) within three (3) working days to avoid obtaining a zero for the test or examination. If
a satisfactory reason for absence is provided, than you will be allowed to write one sickness test at
the end of the semester. Please note that the scope of this test will include all the topics up to and
including the last test. If a student failed to write two or more class tests, then the mark for the
sickness test will be divided proportionally between those tests. In the case of a sickness examination
the examination department will arrange with you in respect of the date and time.
Assessment schedule and contents:

The test dates will be announced by your lecturer during the first week of lectures and they will also
be posted on e-Thuto. Please write them down in the table below. Also take note of the contents
for each test:
TESTS CONTENTS DATE

CLASS TEST 1(CT1) Unit 1.1 - 1.6 01.09.2017
MAIN TEST(MT) Units 2.1- 2.5 20.09.2017-29.09.2017
Unit 1.1-1.4 TT1 11.08.2017
CLASS TEST 2(CT2) Units 1.5-1.6 TT2 25.08.2017
(TT1+TT2+TT3+TT4)/4 Units 2.1-2.3 TT3 07.09.2017
Unit 2.4-2.5 TT4 14.09.2017
SICKNESS TEST Units 1.1 2.5 To be announced: 12 or 13.10.2017
Last day to change marks 17.10.2017
Calculation of course mark:

10
The coursemark (CM) will be calculated as follows:
CM = 25%CT1 + 25%CT2 + 50%MT
If CM < 40% you will have to repeat the course the following semester. If CM 40% you will be granted
permission to sit for the examination at the end of the semester.
Calculation of final mark:

The finalmark (FM) is calculated as follows:
FM = 40%CM + 60%EM
Promotion requirements:
For you to be credited with the course the requirement is that FM 50%. If 45% FM 49% then
you will be allowed to sit for the re-examination, which is scheduled for immediately after the
completion of the main examination sessions. If FM < 45% then you will have to repeat the course
the following semester. Please note that if you sit for the re-examination then the maximum
finalmark that you can obtain is 50%, unless in cases where the re-examination is treated as a sickness
examination or where students could not write the main examination because of some valid reasons.
To summarize:
CM
25%CT1 +25%CT2 + 50%MT
CM 40 CM < 40
QUALIFY FOR ASSESSMENT REPEAT COURSE
FM
40%CM + 60%EM
FM 50 45 FM 49 FM < 45
PASS RE-ASSESSMENT REPEAT COURSE
Verification of marks:
Please note the following schedule for correction of course marks. No corrections will be made
after the indicated dates:
LAST DATE FOR
DATE ITEM
CORRECTIONS
STUDENTS VERIFY COURSE MARKS IN FACULTY
STUDENTS VERIFY COURSE MARKS ON CENTRAL
17.10.2017
NOTICE BOARDS/E-TUTHO
11
13. HOW TO MASTER THE SUBJECT CONTENT:
In order to learn mathematics you need to participate actively in the learning process, meaning that you
must do all the calculations by yourself and you must write out the solutions to each exercise. It is not
sufficient to watch the lecturer solve a similar problem or just read through the solutions in the notes.
The test of real understanding is whether or not you can solve the exercises on your own after witnessing
a few of the similar solutions. Remember the saying: Practise makes...............
At the end of each lecture you must be able to convince yourself that you understand the content of
that particular lecture. If you have a question or do not understand what the lecturer says in class, please
stop him/her immediately and ask your question - dont leave it for later. If you have to ask your question
later on, do it immediately at the end of the lecture or make an appointment with the lecturer.
12
LEARNING UNIT 1
DIFFERENTIATION
CREDITS: 3.36 of 12 NOTIONAL HOURS: 33.6 of 120
LEARNING MODES: Interactive lectures, LEARNER SUPPORT: e-Thutho
Examples Individual consultations
Activities Tutorials
QUALITY CONTROL: Internal/External METHODS OF ASSESSMENT: Formative
moderators assessment
ECSA Summative
HEQC assessment
LAY-OUT OF LEARNING UNIT
REVISION OF MATHEMATICS 1 DIFFERENTIATION

TECHNIQUES
FURTHER APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIATION: SERIES
EXPANSIONS AND NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF
EQUATIONS
DIFFERENTIATION DIFFERENTIATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC AND INVERSE
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
DIFFERENTIATION OF HYPERBOLIC AND INVERSE
HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
DIFFERENTIATION OF PARAMETRIC FUNCTIONS
PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION
1.1 Revision of Mathematics 1 differentiation techniques

Learning outcome:
After completion of this section you should be ableto:
recall and apply the differentiation techniques of Mathematics 1;
Recall the derivatives of polynomial functions, exponential functions, logarithmic functions, the
trigonometric functions and the hyperbolic functions;
Apply the chain rule, the product rule and the quotient rule;
Perform logarithmic and implicit differentiation.
Resource:
SINGH, pp290-296, C1
SINGH, pp296-302, D1-D2
SINGH, pp315-321, G1-G2
13
1. Complete the following table:
y dy
dx
un
eu
au
lnu
loga u
sinu
cos u
tanu
cot u
sec u
cosec u
sinhu
coshu
tanhu
cothu
sechu
cosech u
uv
u
v
2. SINGH, p290, no.4 (a)-(d) 3. SINGH, p290, no.6 (a)-(f)

4. SINGH, p296, no.1 (a)-(e) 5. SINGH, p296, no.2 (a)-(e)
6. SINGH, p296, no.3 7. SINGH, p296, no.4
14
8. (Mechanical Engineering) 9. (Mechanical Engineering)
SINGH, p323, no.2 SINGH, p325, no.13
10. (Civil Engineering) 11. (Electrical Engineering)

12. (Electrical Engineering) 13. (Electrical Engineering)

14. State each of the following rules: 15. SINGH, p302, no. 3 (a)-(p)
(a) The product rule of differentiation.
(b) The quotient rule of differentiation
16. SINGH, p302, no. 1 17. SINGH, p302, no. 2

18. Describe the processes of: 19. SINGH, p322, no. 1 (a)-(d)
(a) implicit differentiation and
(b) logarithmic differentiation.
20. SINGH, p322, no. 2 (a)-(e) 21. SINGH, p322, no. 5 (a)-(d)
1.2 Further applications of differentiation: series expansions
Learning outcome:
make use of series expansions to evaluate various engineering functions;
solve equations by making use of differentiation.
Obtain the Maclaurin series for various engineering functions and use it to evaluate certain limits;
Apply the Newton-Raphson method to solve equations.
Resource:
SINGH, pp358-365, F1-F2
SINGH, pp389-393, H1
1. Define the Maclaurin series of a function f(x) . 2. SINGH, p369, no.1
5. SINGH, p369, no.4 6. SINGH, p369, no.5 (a), (b)
7. Describe the Newton-Raphson method for solving non-linear equations.
8. SINGH, p393, no.1 (b), (c)
9. (Mechanical and Civil Engineering) 10. (Mechanical and Civil Engineering)

Use the Newton-Raphson method to solve the Consider the following equation:
following equation 3 62 348 + 3112 = 0
e = 6 3 Given that there is a root of this equation
correct to two decimal places. Use r1 = 7,5 between = 10 and = 11, find this root
correct to three decimal places.
8,05 10,196
15
1.3 1.4 Differentiation of inverse trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
Learning outcome:
define and differentiate the inverse trigonometric and hyperbolic functions.
Define and differentiate the first three inverse trigonometric and hyperbolic functions;
Apply the chain rule, the product rule and the quotient rule to inverse trigonometric and hyperbolic
functions;
Perform logarithmic and implicit differentiation on inverse trigonometric and hyperbolic functions.
1. Write down the definitions for each of the following inverse trigonometric functions:
(a) sin1 x (b) cos 1 x (c) tan1 x
2. Write down the definitions for each of the following inverse hyperbolic functions:
(a) sinh1 x (b) cosh1 x (c) tanh1 x
3. Complete the following table:
dy
y
dx
sin1 u
cos 1 u
tan1 u
sinh1 u
cosh1 u
tanh1 u
16
1.3.1 EXAMPLE
dy
Determine in each of the following:
dx
(a) y
= tanh1 2x + esinhx
Solution
dy 1
= (2) + esinhx coshx
dx 1 4x 2
(b) y = sinh(tan1 4x)
Solution
dy 1
= cosh(tan1 4x) (4)
dx 1 + 16x2
(c) 2sinhx e2coshx
y = ln
tanh1 x2
Solution
y = sinhxln2 + 2coshx lntanh1 x2

dy 1 2x
= coshxln2 + 2sinhx
dx tanh x 1 x 4
1 2
(d) x2 5 sechx
y =
tan1 ex
Solution
1
2
x (sech2x) 5
lny = ln
tan1 ex
1
2lnx + lnsech2x lntan1 ex
=
5
1 dy 2 1 1 1 ex
= + [ sechx tanhx]
y dx x 5 sech x tan1 ex 1 + e2x

dy 2 2 ex
=y tanhx
dx x

5 tan1 ex 1 + e2x ( )

(e) y = (cosh1 x)x
Solution
lny = ln(cosh1 x)x

= xlncosh1 x
17
1 dy 1 1
= x + lncosh1 x
y dx 1
cosh x x 12
dy x
y + lncosh1 x
dx 1 2
cosh x x 1
(f) y2 sin1 e = esech 3x
Solution
dy 1
2y sin
= e esech3x [ sech3x tanh3x](3)
dx
dy 3sech3x tanh3xesech3x
=
dx 2y sin1 e
(g) cosh1 y tan1 2x =

ey
Solution
1dy 1 dy
ey
(2) =
2
y 1 dx 1 + 4x 2 dx
1dy 2 dy
ey
=
y 1 dx dx
2 2
1 + 4x
dy 1 2
2 ey = 2
dx y 1 1 + 4x

2
dy 1 + 4x2
=
dx 1
ey
2
y 1
(h) tan1 2x
= y2 + sinh2x
Solution
1 dy
= (2) 2y + cosh2x(2)
1 + 4x 2 dx
2 dy
= 2y + 2cosh2x
1 + 4x 2 dx
2
2cosh2x
dy 1 + 4x 2
=
dx 2y
y = x sinh 2x
1
(i)
Solution
lny = lnxsinh 2x
1
= (sinh1 2x)lnx
18
1 dy 1 2
= (sinh1 2x) + lnx
y dx x 2
1 + 4x
dy sinh1 2x 2lnx
= y +
dx x 1 + 4x2
( )
1 sinh1 x
(j) y = sin 3x
Solution
( )
sinh1 x
ln y = ln sin1 3x
= sinh1 x ln ( sin1 3x )
1 dy 1 1 1
sinh1x (3) + lnsin1 3x
y dx 1
sin 3x 1 9x 2
1 + x2
dy 3sinh1 x lnsin1 3x
y +
dx 1
sin 3x 1 9x
2
1 + x2
xcoshx + sin1 x
4
(k)
= y
Solution
xcoshx + sin1 x
4
=y
m = x coshx n = sin1 x
4
lnm = lnx coshx

4
dn 1
=
dx 1 x2
= coshx 4 lnx
1 dm 1
= coshx 4 + lnxsinhx 4 (4x 3 )
m dx x
coshx 4
dm
= m + 4x 3 lnxsinhx 4
dx x
4 coshx
4
= x coshx + 4x 3 lnxsinhx 4
x
dy dm dn
= +
dx dx dx
4
coshx 4 1
= xcoshx + 4x3 lnxsinhx 4 +
x 1 x2
dy
dx
4. y = tan1 e3x 5. y = 2 sinh3 4x
3e3x 24sinh2 4xcosh4x

1 + e6x
6. y = cosh1 2x 7. y = (sin1 x)2

19
2 2sin1 x
4x2 1 1 x2
8. y = cosh(tanh1 2x) 9. y = lncoth6x
2sinh(tanh1 2x) 6cosech2 6x

1 4x2 coth6x
10. y = 3
cos 1 x2 11. y = esech(x)
2x esech(x) sech(x)tanh(x)
( )
2
33 cos 1 x2 1 x4
12. y
= sinh1 1 x 13. y = sin1 (ln4x)
1 1
2 2 x 1 x x 1 ln2 4x
14. 2x + sinh1 2y3 =

5e 15. tan1 (1 =
y) cosh2x + y
1 + 4y6 2sinh2x
3y2 1 1 + (11 y)2
16. sinh1 2y + 4x2 =

y 17. cosech4x
= sin(y x)
8x 4cosech4xcoth4x + cos(y x)
1 2 cos(y x)
1 + 4y2
esinh 2x
(tan1 x)2
1
cosh3x
18. y = ln 19. y = ln
2cos
1
x x sinh2x
2 ln2 2 1
+ 3tanh3x + 2coth2x
1 + 4x2 1 x2 tan1 x(1 + x2 ) 2x
sech4 x tanh3x
20. y = 21. y =
etan
1
2x
ln2x 1 tan1 2x
2 1 2
y 4 tanhx y 3sech2 3x +
1 + 4x 2 xln2x
1 2
(1 tan 2x)(1 + 4x )
20
22. y = 2x tanh 2x
23. y = x sinh 2x
1 1
2ln2x tanh1 x sinh1 2x 2lnx

y + y +
1 4x
2 x x 1 + 4x2
1.5 Differentiation of parametric functions

Learning outcome:
differentiate parametric functions.
Draw the the graphs of parametric functions;
Determine the first and second derivative of a parametric function;
Solve problems which involve the applications of parametric functions.
Resource:
SINGH, pp308-314, F1-F3
1. Explain how to determine the first and second derivatives of parametric functions
2. SINGH, p314, no.1 (a), (b), (c), (d) 3. SINGH, p315, no.7
1.6 Partial differentiation
Learning outcome:
determine and apply partial derivatives.
Determine the first and second partial derivative of a function of more than one variable;
Write down the differential of a function and apply it to solve problems involving errors and rates of
change;
Find and identify stationary points as either a maximum, minimum or saddle point and determine the
solution to a practical optimization problem.
Resource:
SINGH, pp773-801 A1-C3
1. Define the first and second order partial derivatives of a function f = f(x,y)
2. SINGH, p783, no.1 (a), (b), (c), (d) 3. SINGH, p784, no.11 (a), (b)
SINGH, p783, no.3(a) SINGH, p783, no.4

SINGH, p783, no.5b SINGH, p783, no.6

21
10. (Electrical Engineering)
The total resistance R produced by three conductors with resistance R1 and R2 connected in a parallel
electrical circuit is given by the formula
1 1 1
= + .
R R1 R2
R 2R 2R
Find , and
R1 R12 R2R1
R
R1R2 (R2 + R1 )2 + R2 (R2 + R1 )1 ;
=
R1
2R
= 2R1R2 (R2 + R1 )3 2R2 (R2 + R1 )2 ;
R12
2R
= 2R1R2 (R2 + R1 )3
R2R1

The resonant frequency of an LC circuit is given by
1
f = .
2 LC
f 2 f 2 f
Determine , and
L L2 CL
f 1 3 1 2f 3 52 12 2f 1 32 32
L 2 C 2 ;
= = L C ; = L C
L 4 L2 8 CL 8

The Q factor in a resonant electrical circuit is given by
1 L
Q = .
R C
Q 2Q 2Q
Determine , and
R CR LR
Q 2Q 1 2 12 23 2Q 1
R 2L2 C 2 ; R 2L 2 C 2
1 1 1 1
= = R LC ; =
R CR 2 LR 2

The power P consumed in a resistor is given by
V2
P = .
R
P 2P 2P
Determine , and
V V2 RV
P 2P 2P
= 2R 1 V; = 2R 1 ; = 2R 2 V
V V2 RV
22
14. If f = f(x,y), define 15. (Mechanical and Civil Engineering)
(a) the change in f SINGH, p791, no.1
(b) the total differential
(c) the rate of change of f
16. (Mechanical and Civil Engineering) 17. (Electrical Engineering)
18. (Electrical Engineering) 19. SINGH, p792, no.7

SINGH, p792, no.5
20. Two straight roads intersect at right angles. Car 21. A rectangular box has sides of length x cm, y cm
A, moving on one of the roads, approaches the and z cm. Sides x and z are expanding at rates of
intersection at 20 km/h and car B, moving on the 3 mm/s and 5 mm/s respectively and side y is
other road, approaches the intersection at 30 contracting at a rate of 2 mm/s. Determine the
km/h. At what rate is the distance between the rate of change of volume when x is 3 cm, y is 1,5
two cars changing when car A is 0,3 km and car B cm and z is 2 cm.
is 0,4 km from the intersection?
-36 km/h 3
0.1950 cm /s
22. One end of a ladder, 10 m in length, stands 23. The base radius r of a cone decreases at a rate of
against a wall. If the bottom end of the ladder is 0,1 cm/s while the perpendicular height h
pulled away from the wall at a rate of 0,5 m/s, at increases at a rate of 0,2 cm/s. If V = 1 r2h ,
3
what rate does the top of the ladder slide down
determine the rate of change in V when r = 2
when the bottom is 2 m from the wall?
cm and h = 3 cm.
0,1 m/s 0,42 cm3 /s
24. If f = f(x,y) , explain how we will determine the stationary points. Also explain how we will determine
which of the stationary points is a minimum, maximum or saddle point
25. SINGH, p802, no.2 (a), (b)

23
TUTORIALS
LEARNING UNIT 1
DIFFERENTIATION
1.1 Revision of Mathematics 1 differentiation techniques
1. SINGH, p322, no.1 (iv) 2. SINGH, p322, no.4 (iv), (v), (vi)
7. SINGH, p322, no.1 (ii), (iii) 8. SINGH, p322, no.4 (ii), (iii)
9. SINGH, p323, no.12 (a), (b)
dy
10. Find for each of the following:
dx
6x
(a) cos=
y ey 3x2 y
e + sin y
x 3
1
x
2x ln2
(b) lnx
= 2 + y
3y2
1
x y
(c) e =tan3y
y x
y2
3sec2 3y
sinhy
(d) e y x sinhy =
cos y
e xcoshy
x2e3x 2 1
(e) y = ln + 3
4x x x
xx 1 1
(f) y = ln 1 + lnx +
1 x xln2x
ln2x
x
x e 5tanx e
y + ln5sec2 x 2
(g) y =
e2x x
2x 1 1
(h) y = y ln2 +
x 1 2x x 1 2x
(i) y = 3x 6x y [6 + 6lnx ]
ln2x sinxln2x ln(cos x)

(j) y = ( cos x ) y +
cos x x
24
1.2 Applications of differentiation
x
1. Make use of the Maclaurin series expansion of sin2x to calculate the following limit: lim
x 0 sin2x
-1
ln(1 x)
2. Make use of the Maclaurin series expansion of ln(1 x) to calculate the following limit: lim
x0 x
3. Use the Newton-Raphson method to solve the 4. Use the Newton-Raphson method to solve the
following equation following equation
2cos = 2 , 1
lnt = ,
correct to two decimal places. Use r1 = 0,8 t
correct to two decimal places. Use r1 = 1,6
1,02 1,76
1.3-1.4 Differentiation of inverse trigonometric and inverse hyperbolic functions

dy
dx
4x
1. y = sin1 2x2
1 4x 4
1
2. y = cosh1 e2x 2e2x
4x
1 e
2 1 2
3. y = tanh1
1 94x2 2
3x 3x
3cosech2 3x
4. y = cos 1 (coth3x)
1 coth2 3x
2
5. y = tan1 2x tan2x + sech2x 2
2sec2 2x 2sech2x tanh2x
1 + 4x
1 4
6. y = cosh1 (sin1 4x)
(sin1 4x)2 1 1 16x2
2etan 2x
1
tan1 2x
7. sinh2y + e = 6
2(1 + 4x2 )cosh2y
25
3cos3x
1
8. sinh 2y sin3x =
y 2 1
1 + 4y
2
sinh2x
9. y = [tanh1 x][sinh2x] 2tanh1 xcosh2x +
1 x2
2ecoshx
10. y = cos1 (2x)ecoshx cos1 (2x)ecoshx sinhx
1 4x2
sinh1 2x sin4x 2 sinh1 2x(4cos4x)

11. y = 1 + 4x2
sin4x sin2 4x
coth(1 x)
coth(1 x) (tanh1 x)cosech2 (1 x)
12. y = 1 x2
tanh1 x (tanh1 x)2
2x + ysechx tanhx
13. ysechx sin1 y =
x2 sechx 1 2
1y
y

x y 1
2 2
y
14. cosh1 xy + 4y =
tanh1 e x
=
+ 4 x + 4 x2y 2 1
x2 y 2 1
esinh2x 2cosh2x +
1
15. y = ln
cos 1 x 2cos x 1 x2
1
x tan x tan1 x 12sech2 6x

1
lnx
16. y = ln +
tanh2 6x x 1 + x2 tanh6x
[sin1 3x]2 6 1
17. y = y
3 1 1 2 1 2
cosh x sin 3x 1 9x 3cosh x x 1
tanh2x tanh2x sech2 2x ln2

18. y =
sin x
2sin x tanh2x
1 1
2
2 1 x
26
2xsin1 xsinhx2 lncoshx2

19. y = [coshx ] 2 sin1 x y +
coshx2 1 x2
1 tanh1 4x
1 tanh1 4x 4lnx
20. y = ( 2x ) y
x 1 16x2
2x
( )
2x
21. y = cosh1 x y + 2lncosh1 x
1 2
cosh x x 1
tanh3xsinhx
22. y = [coshx]tanh3x y + 3lncoshxsech2 3x
coshx
1.5 Differentiation of parametric functions

2
dy dy
1. Determine and 2 for each of the following:
dx dx
(a) x = esin
2 3sin ; y = = (b) x t
e= cos t; y et
dy 1 d2 y 1 sin dy 1
esin ; 2 =
= e = ;
dx 3 dx 9 dx cos t sint
d2 y sint + cos t
2
=
dx (cos t sint)2 (et sint + et cos t)
(c)=x tan1 =
; y ln(2 + 1) (d) x =
sech;y =
tanh ; =
1
dy d2 y dy d2 y
= 2; = 2 + 22 = =

1=1,18; 1 3,13
=
dx dx2 dx dx2


1.6 Partial differentiation
y3 2w 2w
y 2e x +
2
If w
1. = , prove that =
x2 xy yx
2. If z =
(1 + x)sinh(5x 2y) , prove that
2z 2z 2z
4 2 + 20 + 25 2 = 0
x xy y
27
2y
3. If z = e , prove that
3x
2z 2z 2
2 z
x2 + 2xy + y 0
=
x2 xy y2
sin2 x 5sinx cos y + arctany, show that

4. If z =
2z 2z 2y
= 2cos2x +
x2 y2 (1 + y2 )2

7. Consider 8. Let be the angle between the two equal sides of

UV2 an isosceles triangle and let x be the length of each
Z = . of these two sides. If x is increasing at 0,5 m/h and
W
rad/h, find the rate of change
is increasing at 90
If errors of 1,5% were made in the
measurement of U, V and W, calculate the of the area of the triangle when x = 6 m and
maximum error possible when Z is calculated. = 4 rad.
5,25% 2,57 m2 /h
9. Two parallel sides of a rectangle are each 10. Gas leaks from a balloon at a rate of 2 cm3 /s . At
being lengthened at a rate of 2 cm/s and the
what rate does the radius and the area change
other two sides are each being shortened so
4
that the figure remains a rectangle and its area when the radius is 5 cm? (Note that V = r3
3
stays 50 cm2. Calculate the rate of change of 2
the perimeter of the rectangle at the moment and A = 4r )
when the length of one of the increasing sides
is 5 cm.
4 cm/s 6.37x103 cm/s;

0.8 cm2 / s
11. SINGH, p802,no.1 (b), (c) (Also determine whether the stationary points are maximum, minimum or
saddle points
12. SINGH, p802, no.4

28
LEARNING UNIT 2
INTEGRATION
ECSA Summative
HEQC assessment
REVISION AND INTEGRATION

BY SUBSTITUTION
INTEGRATION BY PARTS
INTEGRATION OF PARTIAL
INTEGRATION FRACTIONS
INTEGRATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS
APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATION
2.1 Revision and integration by making use of a table of integration formulae

Learning outcome:
recall and apply the integration techniques of Mathematics 1.
Make a suitable substitution and then use the integration table to calculate the integral.
Resource:
SINGH, pp400-417, A1-C2
SINGH, pp455-458, H1H2
29
1. Study the following table of integral and make sure you know how to use it
1.
k du= ku + c 19.
sinh=u du cosh u + c
n+1
2.

n
u du
=
u
n + 1
+ c, (n 1) 20.
cosh= u du sinh u + c
du
3.
u
= ln u + c 21.
tan
= h u du ln[cosh u] + c
e du= e + c cot
u u
4. 22. = h u du ln[sinh u] + c
u
a
sech u du tan [sinh u] + c
u 1
5. a= du + c 23. =
ln a
sin u du = sech=
2
6. cos u + c 24. u du tanh u + c
7.
cos u= du sin u + c 25.
sech u tanh u du = sech u + c
u
ln tanh + c
8.
t=
an u du ln sec u + c 26.
co=sech u du
2
c= cosech u du =
2
9. ot u du ln sin u + c 27. coth u + c
10.
sec u du = ln sec u + tan u + c 28.
cosech u coth u du = cosech u + c
sec = sinh u=
2 1 1 2
11. u du tan u + c 29. du usinh u + 1 + u + c
sec u tan= cosh =

1 1 2
12. u du sec u + c 30. u du ucosh u u 1 + c
1
cosec u du= ln cosec u cot u + c
1 1 2
13. 31. tanh = u du utanh u + ln(1 u ) + c
2
du u
cosec u du = a u
2 1
14. cot u + c 32. = sin + c
2 2 a
du u
cosec u cot u du = u=
1
15. cosec u + c 33. cosh + c
2
a 2 a
du u
sin u= a=
1 1 2 1
16. du usin u + 1 u + c 34. sinh + c
2
+ u 2 a
du 1 u
cos u= a u a
1 1 2 1
17. du ucos u 1 u + c 35. = tanh + c
2 2 a
1 du 1 u
tan u= =
1 1 2 1
18. du utan u ln(1 + u ) + c 36. tan + c
2 2
a + u a
2 a
30
2. Determine each of the following integrals:
3

(a) 2 x dx 4 2
3
x + c
5 1

(b) 3 x2 2
x
4 3
dx

3 3
5
x 8x 4 + c
(c)
[cos x cot x] dx sinx ln ( sinx ) + c
7

(d) sech2 x 4x 3 dx
x tanhx
8 2
7
x + c
3e
x 4 dx
(e) + x 3ex + 4lnx + c
x3 + x 19 13
(f)
5
x
dx 5 5
19
x +
10 10
13
x + c
8x
(g)
4 23x dx
4x
ln8
+ c
(h)
[sinhx + 3sinx] dx coshx 3cos x + c
3. SINGH, p420, no.1 (a), (b) 4. SINGH, p420, no.2 (a), (b)
5. SINGH, p420, no.4 (a), (b) 6. SINGH, p420, no.5
7. SINGH, p420, no.7 (a), (b), (c) 8. SINGH, p420, no.8 (a), (b)
dx x 1
13.
8 + 2x x 2
= sin1
3
+ c
x + 1 x + 1
14.
3 2x x2 dx =
2
3 2x x2 + 2sin1
2
+ c
1 x 2
15.
12 4x + x 2
dx = cosh1
4
+ c
31
3 1 3x 2
16.
2
9x 12x + 8
dx =
2
tan1
2
+ c
x + 1
17.
3 + 2x + x2 dx =
2
3 + 2x + x2 + ln x + 1 + 3 + 2x + x2 + c
2 x 2
18.
4x x 2
dx = 2sin1
2
+ c
2.2 Integration by parts

Learning outcome:
perform integration by parts.
Use the u dv formula to integrate products of functions which cannot be found on the integration table.
Resource:
SINGH, pp432-439, E1-E2
1. Give the formula for integration by parts. 2. SINGH, p440, no.1 (a), (b)
5. SINGH, p440, no.5
1 q
e sinqdq =
q
6. e cosq + eq sinq + c
2
1 1
e
s
7. sinsds = e s coss e s sins + c
2 2
1
8.
sinhpsinpdp = 2
[ sinhp cosp + coshp sinp + c]
2.3 Integration of partial fractions

Learning outcome:
integrate expressions by using partial fractions.
Separated rational expressions into partial fractions;
Determine the integrals of each of the above partial fractions.
Resource:
SINGH, pp440-459, F1F2
SINGH, pp450-455, G1
32
1. Complete the following:
f(x)
(a) =
(ax + b)(cx + d)
f(x)
(b) =
(ax + b)n
f(x)
(c) =
(ax + bx + c)(dx2 + ex + f)
2
f(x)
(d) =
(ax + bx + c)n
2
2. SINGH, p450, no.1 (a), (b), (d) 3. SINGH, p450, no.2 (a), (b) 4. SINGH, p450, no.3 (a), (b), (c)
5. SINGH, p455, no.1 (a), (b), (c) 6. SINGH, p455, no.2 (a), (b)
9. SINGH, p455, no.7 (i), (ii)
2.4 Integration of trigonometric functions
Learning outcome:
integrate expressions containing powers of sines and cosines and their products.
Rewrite the expressions by using the appropriate trigonometric identity;
Determine the integrals of the rewritten expression.
Resource:
See below
1. For integrals of the form
sinaxsinbxdx, cosaxcosbxdx, sinaxcosbxdx

we use the identities
1
sinAsinB
=
2
[cos(A B) cos(A + B)]
1
sinAcosB
=
2
[sin(A B) + sin(A + B)]
1
cos AcosB
=
2
[cos(A B) + cos(A + B)]
2. For integrals of the form
sin axdx, cos axdx, sin xcos

n n n m
xdx
we use the following identities:
1 1
n even sin2 A =
2
[1 cos2A ] ; cos2 A =
2
[1 + cos2A ]
n odd sin2 A + cos2 A =
1
33
2.4.1 EXAMPLE
(a) x (b) x

sin sin3xdx
4 sin 4 sin3xdx
1 1
=
2
cos( 11x
4
) cos( 13x
4
) dx =
2
cos( 11x )
4
cos( 13x
4
) dx
1 4 4 1 4 4
= sin( 11x
4
) cos( 13x ) + c
4
= sin( 11x
4
) cos( 13x ) + c
4
2 11 13 2 11 13
2 2 2 2
= sin( 11x
4
) cos( 13x
4
) + c = sin( 11x
4
) cos( 13x
4
) + c
11 13 11 13
(c) (d)
sin 2xdx
3
cos2xcos3xdx
1

[cos(x) + cos5x ]dx
2
= = sin 2xsin2x dx
2
1 1

2
= sin(x) + sin5x + c = 1 cos 2x sin2x dx
2 5

2
1 1 = sin2x sin2xcos 2x dx
= sin(x) + sin5x + c
2 10
sin2xdx sin2xcos 2xdx
2
=
1 1 cos3 2x
= cos2x + + c
2 2 3
1 cos3 2x
= cos2x + + c
2 6
(e) (f)
cos 3x dx
5
sin 2x dx
4
= cos cos cos dx = sin sin dx

x
2 x 2 x 2 x x2
3 3 3 2 2
= [1 sin ][1 sin ]cos dx 12 [1 cosx] 12 [1 cosx]dx

x
2 x 2 x
=
3 3 3
= [1 2sin 3x + sin 3x ]cos 3x dx

2 4 =
1
4 [1 2cosx + cos2 x] dx
1 1
= [cos 3x 2cos 3x sin 3x + cos 3x sin
2 4 x
3
]dx
=
4 [1 2cosx + [1 + cos2x]]dx
2
1 1 1
= 3sin
x
3
x 3 x
2sin3 + sin5 + c
3 5 3
=
4 [1 2cosx +
2
+ cos2x]dx
2
1 3 1
=

4 2
[ 2cosx + cos2x]dx
2
1 3 1
= x 2sinx + sin2x + c
4 2 4
3 1 1
= x sinx + sin2x + c
8 2 16
(g) (h)
cos 2xdx
4
sin xcos xdx
3 4
= cos 2xcos 2xdx

2 2
= sin xsinxcos xdx
2 4
1 cos x sinxcos xdx

2 4
=
34
1
1
=[1 + cos4x] [1 + cos4x]dx
2 2
=

[sinx sinxcos2 x]cos4 xdx
1

= [1 + 2cos4x + cos 4x]dx
4
2 =

[sinxcos4 x sinxcos6 x]dx
=
1
4
1
[1 + 2cos4x + [1 + cos8x]]dx
2
=
sinx(cosx)4 dx sinx(cosx)6 dx
1 1 1 cos5 x cos7 x
=
4
[1 + 2cos4x +
2
+ cos8x]dx
2
=
5
+
7
+ c
1 3 1
4 2
= [ + 2cos4x + cos8x]dx
2
1 3 1 1
= x + sin4x + sin8x + c
4 2 2 16
3 1 1
=x + sin4x + sin8x + c
8 8 64
(i) (j)
5
2
cos xsin xdx
x
2
x
cos3 sin3 dx
2

= cos2 xcos2 xcosxsin2 xdx
x

x
= cos2 cos sin3 dx
2 2
x
2

2 2 2
=[1 sin x][1 sin x]cosx sin xdx x x x

= [1 sin2 ]cos sin3 dx
2 2 2
[
= 1 2sin2 x + sin4 x]cosxsin2 xdx x

x
= [cos sin3 sin5 cos ]dx
2 2
x
2
x
2

2
= [cosx 2cosxsin x x x
sin4 sin6
= 2 2 2 2 + c
+ cosxsin4 x]sin2 xdx 4 6
1 x 1 x
=

[cosxsin2 x 2cosxsin4 x = sin4 sin6 + c
2 2 3 2
+ cosxsin6 x]dx
sin3 3x sin5 3x sin7 3x
= + + c
3 5 7
Determine each of the following integrals:
x x 1 3x
3. sinxcos 2 dx cos
2
cos
3 2
+ c
4.
cos3xcos5x dx 1
sin(2x) +
4
1
16
sin8x + c
x 3 x 1
5.
cos4 dx
4 8
x + sin + sinx + c
2 8
sin 2xdx 1 1 1
5
6. cos2x + cos3 2x cos5 2x + c
2 3 10
35
1 3 1
sin xcos xdx
2 3
7. sin 2x sin5 2x + c
3 5

3 7
8. sinx cos3 xdx 2 2 2
sin x sin2 x + c
3 7
2.5 Applications of integration

Learning outcome:
use integration to solve problems in the fields of Mechanical, Civil and Electrical Engineering.
Use the appropriate formula to solve problems in thermodynamics and structural mechanics (Mechanical
and Civil Engineering);
Use the appropriate formula to calculate the average value and RMS-value of a curve (Electrical
Engineering);
Perform numerical integration by means of the Trapezium and Simpson rules.
Resource:
SINGH, pp503-507, E1-E2
SINGH, pp492-497, C2
1. (Mechanical and Civil Engineering)
Explain how to calculate (by making use of integration) the work done, W by a gas on the face of a piston.
Explain how to calculate (by making use of integration) the deflection y of a beam.

Define
(a) The mean value of a curve.
(b) The RMS-value of a curve.

11. State the trapezium rule for integration. 12. SINGH, p480, no.2(a)
13. SINGH, p480, no.3 i(a), (b), ii, iii, iv 14. (Mechanical and Civil Engineering)
SINGH, p480, no.1

17. State Simpsons rule for integration.
36
18. SINGH, p487, no.1 19. (Mechanical and Civil Engineering)
SINGH, p488, no.3

37
TUTORIALS
LEARNING UNIT 2
INTEGRATION
2.1 Revision and integration by making use of a table of integration formulae
5 3
1.
5x2dx
3
x + c
2.
4 + 3x
7
6x2 dx
4x +
3 2
14
x 2x 3 + c
5
3.
9 t3
dt 10 12
9
t + c
(1 + )2
4.
3
d 3 23
2
6 5 3 8
+ 3 + 3 + c
5 8
5.
2
t3
4sint + dt
t2 + 4cos t + t + c
6.
[4cosh + ]d
4sinh +
2 23
3
+ c
x
7.
4 2x2
dx

1
2
4 2x2 + c
e2
8.
1 + e2
d 1
2
ln(1 + e2 ) + c
lnt
9.
t
dt 1 2
2
ln t + c
t2
10.
e t3
dt 1 3
e t + c
3
2s 1
11.
2s 2s 2
ds 1
ln(2s 2s2 ) + c
2
e
cos
12. sin d
ecos + c
5w3
13.
w4 + 5
dw 5
4
ln(w4 + 5) + c
14.
e2x cosh e2x dx 1
2
sinhe2x + c
sinh b
15.
b
db
2cosh b + c
38
cos5 2t
16.
cos4 2tsin2tdt
10
+ c
sec2 x12
17.
x 3
dx 1
tanx 2 + c
2
dx
18.
12 8x 4x 2
1 1 2x + 2
2
sin
4
+ c
2
19.
2
x + 4x + 3
dx 2cosh1 (x + 2) + c
x 1 x 1
20.
3 2x x2 + 5 dx 3
2
2x x2 + 5 + 3sin1
6
+ c
x + 2 2
21.
4 x2 + 2x + 5 dx 4
2
x + 2x + 5 + 2ln x + 1 + x2 + 2x + 5 + c

1 1 x +1
22.
7 18x 9x2
dx
12
tanh1 12 + c
9
5 5 x 1
23.
2
4x 8x 5
dx tanh1 3 + c
6
2
2.2 Integration by parts

x tan 1 2 1 1
1
1. x dx x tan1 x x + tan1 x + c
2 2 2
2te 2 3t 2
3t
2. dt te e3t + c
3 9
3.
psin2pdp 1 1
pcos2p + sin2p + c
2 4
e 4 1 t 1
t
4. cos2tdt e sin2t e t cos2t + c

5 2 4
5.
sinxcosh5xdx 5
26
sinxsinh5x
1
26
cosxcosh5x + c
sin
1 0,57
6. x dx
0
39
2.3 Integration of partial fractions
x + 34
1.
(x 6)(x + 2)dx 5ln(x 6) 4ln(x + 2) + c
s2 1 3 1
2.
(s + 1)(s 1)2
ds
4
ln(s + 1) + ln(s 1)
4 2(s 1)
+ c
p2 + p 2 11 13 3
3.
(3p 1)(p2 + 1)
dp
12
ln(3p 1) +
8
ln(p2 + 1) + tan1 p + c
4
2t2 1 7 6 3
4.
(4t 1)(t2 + 1)
dt
34
ln(4x 1) +
17
ln(x2 + 1) +
17
tan1 x + c
x 3 + x2 + x + 2 1
5.
(x2 + 1)(x2 + 2)
dx tan1 x +
2
ln(x2 + 2) + c
v2 + 3v + 1 1 1 v 1
6.
v 4 + 5v2 + 4
dv ln(v2 + 4) + tan1 ln(v2 + 1) + c
2 2 2 2
2t3 + 10t 4
7.
(t2 + 1)2
dt ln(x2 + 1) 2
x + 1
+ c
x 5 + 2x2 + 1 x3
8.
x3 x
dx
3
+ x lnx + 2ln(x 1) + ln(x + 1) + c
x 4 x 3 3x2 2x + 1 x2 1 17 4
9.
x 3 + x2 2x
dx
2
2x lnx +
2 6
ln(x + 2) ln(x 1) + c
3
2.4 Integration of trigonometric functions

1.
sin4xcos2xdx
1
12
1
cos6x cos2x + c
4
2.
sin5xsinxdx 1
8
sin4x
1
12
sin6x + c
40
sin 3xdx 3 1 1
4
3. x sin6x + sin12x + c
8 12 96
x x 5 x
4.
cos3 dx
5
5sin
5
sin3 + c
3 5
cos 3xsin 3xdx 1 3 1 5

3 2
5. sin 3x sin 3x + c
9 15
sin 4xcos 4xdx 1 1 1

5 2
6. cos3 4x + cos5 4x cos7 4x + c
12 10 28
cos xsin xdx 2 2

3
3
7. 2
5 9
cos 2 x + cos 2 x + c
5 9
2.5 Applications of integration (Mechanical and Civil Engineering)

2.5 Applications of integration (Electrical Engineering)
1. (Electrical Engineering) 2. (Electrical Engineering) 3. (Electrical Engineering)
SINGH, p497, no.2 SINGH, p511, no.9 SINGH, p498, no.5
2.5Applications of integration: Trapezium rule
1. SINGH, p480, no.2(b)
2
e
2x
2. SINGH, p480, no.3 i(a), (b), ii, iii, iv (Replace the given integral with dx )
1

2.5Applications of integration: Simpsons rule
1. SINGH, p480, no.2(b) Make use of Simpsons rule
2
e
2x
2. SINGH, p480, no.3 i(a), (b), ii, iii, iv (Replace the given integral with dx and make use of Simpsons
1
rule)
SINGH, p480, no.4 SINGH, p488, no.5 (Make use of Simpsons rule)
(Make use of Simpsons rule)
41
LEARNING UNIT 3
FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

QUALITY CONTROL: Internal/External METHODS OF ASSESSMENT: Formative assessment

moderators Summative assessment
ECSA HEQC
INTRODUCTION
SOLVING DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
FIRST ORDER BY DIRECT INTEGRATION
DIFFERENTIAL SOLVING DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
EQUATIONS BY SEPARATING THE VARIABLES
SOLVING DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
BY USING THE INTEGRATING FACTOR
3.1 Introduction
42
Learning outcome:
define what is meant by a first order differential equation.
Define what is meant by a differential equation;
Define what is meant by the order of a differential;
Define what is meant by a solution of a differential equation;
Set up differential equations by making use of Torricellis law and Newtons law of cooling (Mechanical and
Civil Engineering);
Set up differential equations to describe an electrical circuit (Electrical Engineering).
Resource:
SINGH, pp673-674, A1
SINGH, pp696-701, D1-D2 (Mechanical and Civil Engineering)
SINGH, pp689-693, C1-C2 (Electrical Engineering)
1. Define what we mean by a first order differential equation. Also explain what we mean by a solution of
such differential equations.
2. (Mechanical and Civil Engineering) 3. (Electrical Engineering): Give the formulae for:
(a) Give the differential equation which (a) The voltage across a resistor
describes Torricellis law. (b) The voltage across an inductor
(b) Give Newtons law of cooling (c) The voltage across a capacitor
(d) Kirchhoffs laws
SINGH, p701, no.1i SINGH, p701, no.2i

SINGH, p702, no.5(Only give the differential SINGH, p702, no.8(Only give the differential
equation) equation)

SINGH, p693, no.1(i) SINGH, p693, no.2(i)

SINGH, p693, no.3 (Do not solve) SINGH, p693, no.4(i)
3.2 Solving differential equations by direct integration
Learning outcome:
solve differential equations by direct integration.
Identify differential equations which can be solved by direct integration;
Solve differential equations by direct integration;
Apply differential equations to solve problems in electrical, mechanical and civil engineering.
Resource:
1. Define what is meant by solving a differential equation by direct integration:

43

SINGH, p681, no.4 dq
Suppose the current i, that is varies with time t
dt
according to the following equation:
dq
= 2e2t , where q is the charge. Determine an
dt
expression for q.
q =e2t + c
44
The voltage v across an inductor L is given by The voltage v across a capacitor C is related by
di dv
v = L , i = C ,
dt dt
where i is the current. If v = sin2t and where i is the current. If i = cos t and C = 0,2,
L = 0,05, determine an expression for i. determine an expression for v.
i =
10cos2t + c =v 5sint + c
3.3 Solving differential equations by separating the variables

Learning outcome:
solve differential equations by separating the variables.
Identify differential equations which can be solved by separating the variables;
Solve differential equations by separating the variables;
Resource:
1. Define what is meant by solving a differential equation by separating the variables.
SINGH, p701, no.1i-iii SINGH, p701, no.2i-iii

SINGH, p702, no.5(Do not plot the graph) SINGH, p702, no.8(Do not plot the graph)


3.4 Solving differential equations by using the integrating factor
Learning outcome:
solve differential equations by making use of an integrating factor.
Identify differential equations which can be solved by using an integrating factor;
Determine the integrating factor;
Use the integrating factor to solve the differential equation;
Resource:
SINGH, pp683-687, B1-B2
45
1. Explain how do we solve a differential equation by making use of the integrating factor.
4. SINGH, p687, no.3 5. (Mechanical Engineering)
SINGH, p688, no.4
6. (Mechanical Engineering)
SINGH, p688, no.5
7. (Civil Engineering)
The bending moment M of a beam of length L is given by
dM 0,2
= M + (x + L)
dx x
Find an expression for M in terms of x.
x2 Lx
M = + + cx 0,2
1,8 0,8
Consider a tank full of water which is being drained out through an outlet. The height H of water in the
tank at time t is given by
dH H
= 0,002t.
dt t
Find an expression for H in terms of t.
0,002t2 + ct
H =

46
TUTORIALS
LEARNING UNIT 3
FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
3.2 Solving differential equations by direct integration
The streamlines of a fluid flow are fiven by The bending moment M of a beam of length 5 m is
dy given by
= 2x
dx dM
= w(x + 5)
Solve the differential equation and sketch the dx
streamlines. where w is the constant load. Find an expression
for M in terms of x, the position of the load.
y
= x2 + c M
=
1
w x2 + 5x + c
2

dq The voltage v across a capacitor C is related by
Suppose the current i, that is varies with
dt dv
i = C ,
time t according to the following equation: dt
dq where i is the current. If i = e2t and C = 0,2,
= 2sin2t,
dt determine an expression for v.
where q is the charge. Determine an expression
for q.
q =
cos2t + c 5
e2t + c
v =
2
3.3 Solving differential equations by separating the variables





The current i in an electrical circuit containing The potential difference between the plates of a
resistance R and inductance L in series with a capacitor C charged by a steady voltage E through
constant voltage source E is given by a resistor R is given by the equation
di dV
E L = Ri. CR + V = E.
dt dt
Solve the equation and find i in terms of time t Solve the equation for V given that V(0) = 0.
given that i(0) = 0.
E
1 e L t E 1 e RC t
R 1
=i v
=
R
47
SINGH, p694, no. 5(i) and (ii) SINGH, p694, no. 6(i) and (ii)
3.4 Solving differential equations by using the integrating factor
1. (Mechanical Engineering) 2. (Mechanical Engineering) 3. (Mechanical Engineering)
The bending moment M of a beam of length L is given by
dM
= M + (x + L)
dx
Find an expression for M in terms of x.
M = x L 1 + cex
Consider a tank full of water which is being drained out through an outlet. The height H of water in the
tank at time t is given by
dH H
= + 0,002t2 .
dt t
Find an expression for H in terms of t.
=H 0,001t3 + ct

48
LEARNING UNIT 4
MATRICES
ECSA Summative
HEQC assessment
OPERATIONS WITH MATRICES

MATRICES SOLUTION OF SIMULTANEOUS
EQUATIONS
4.1 Operations with matrices

Learning outcome:
perform the general arithmetic operations on matrices.
Perform addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication and multiplication of matrices;
Calculate the determinant of a matrix;
Identify some special matrices;
Determine the inverse of a matrix.
Resource:
SINGH, pp561-564, A1-A2
SINGH, pp575-581, B1-B3
SINGH, Old Edition pp519-522, B2 Notes to be handed out
SINGH, pp585-597 (Example 16), C1-C4
1. Define each of the following operations for 2. SINGH, p573, no.1 (a), (d), (e), (g), (h), (j)
matrices:
(a) addition
(b) subtraction
(c) scalar multiplication
(d) matrix multiplication
49
3. Explain how to calculate the determinant of a
(a) two by two matrix
(b) three by three matrix
6. Explain how to determine the inverse of a
(a) two by two matrix
(b) three by three matrix
9. Determine the inverses of the following matrices:
1 5 2 17 23 18
1
(a) 3 1 4 9 13 10

3 6 7 2
15 21 16
2 3 5 24 20 13
1
(b) 4 1 6 6 5 8

45
1 4 0
15 5 10
4.2 Solution of simultaneous equations (Inverse matrix method)

Learning outcome:
apply matrices to solve systems of simultaneous equations.
Make use of the inverse matrix method to solve a system of simultaneous equations;
Make use of Gauss elimination to solve a system of simultaneous equations;
Make use of Cramers rule to solve a system of simultaneous equations.
Resource:
SINGH, pp581-584, B4
SINGH, pp594-596 (Example 22)
SINGH, pp598-605, D1
Notes
1. Describe the solution of a system of simultaneous equations by making use of the inverse matrix method.
Suppose that forces F1 and F2 in a simple pulley system satisfy the equations below. Solve the system for
F1 and F2 .
F1 2F2 1
=
3F1 + 4F2 3
=
=F1 1;
= F2 0
50
The magnitudes of forces F1 and F2 in a mechanical system are connected by the equations below.
Determine the magnitudes of F1 and F2 .
3F1 + F2 =
5
2F1 + F2 =
0
F1 = 5; F2 = 10

By applying Newtons laws we obtain the equations below. Use the inverse matrix method to solve the
following system of simultaneous equations:
F1 + 2F2 + 2F3 = 7
3F1 F2 F3 0
=
3F1 + 2F2 F3 6
=
=F1 1;
= F2 2;
= F3 1

Use inverse matrix method to solve the following system of simultaneous equations:
F2 + F3 = 6
3F1 F2 + F3 =7
F1 + F2 3F3 =13
F1 =
3; F2 =
2; F3 =
4

The equations of a circuit are given by:
i1 + 2i2 + 2i3 = 7
3i1 i2 i3 0
=
3i1 + 2i2 i3 6
=
Solve for i1 , i2 and i3 by making use of the inverse matrix method.
=i1 1;
= i2 2;
= i3 1
10. Describe the method of Gaussian elimination to solve a system of simultaneous equations.
11. SINGH, p606, no.1 (a), (b)

51
4.2.1 THEOREM(Cramers rule)

1. If
a11x + a12 y =
c1
a21x + a22 y =
c2 ,
then
x y
=x = ; y ,

where
a11 a12 c1 a12 a c
= det
= ; x det
= ; y det 11 1
a21 a22 c2 a22 a21 c2
2. If
a11x + a12 y + a13z =
c1
a21x + a22 y + a23z =
c2
a31x + a32 y + a33z =
c3
then
x y z
=x = ; y = , z

where
a11 a12 a13

= det a21 a22 a23 ;
a a32 a33
31
c1 a12 a13 a11 c1 a13 a11 a12 c1

=x det
= c2 a22 a23 ; y det
= a21 c2 a23 ; y det a21 a22 c2
c a a a c3
3 32 a33 31 c3 a33 31 a32
1.4.2.2
SolveEXAMPLE
each of the following systems of simultaneous equations by making use of Cramers rule:
(a) 2x y = 3 (b) 4x 3y = 4
x + 3y =3 3x + 2y =2
Solution Solution
2 1 4 3
=
det = (2)(3) (1)(=
1) 5 =
det = (4)(2) (3)(3)
= 17
1 3 3 2
31 4 3
x = det = (3)(3) (1)(3) = 6 =
x det = (4)(2) (3)(=
2) 2
3 3 2 2
2 3 4 4
=
y = (2)(3) (3)(=
1) 3 y =det =(4)(2) (4)(3) =20
1 3 3 2
x 2 y 20
x = = ; y = =
17 17
52
16. Use Cramer's rule to solve for the unknown indicated in brackets in each of the following systems of
simultaneous equations:
(a) 3x y + z =7
y + z = 6 (x)
x + y 3z =13
Solution
3 1 1

= det 0 1 1
1 1 3

1 1 1 1
= 3det + det
1 3 1 1
= (3)(4) + (2)
= 14
7 1 1

x = det 6 1 1
13 1 3

1 1 6 1 6 1
= (7)det (1)det + det
1 3 13 3 13 1
= (7)(4) + (5) + (19)
= 42
x 42
x = = = 3
14
(b) x + 3y 6z = 7
2x y + 2z =0 (z)
x + y + 2z =1
Solution
1 3 6

= det 2 1 2
1 1 2

1 2 2 2 2 1
= det 3det + (6)det
1 2 1 2 1 1
= (4) (3)(2) + (6)(3)
= 28
53
1 3 7

=
z det 2 1 0
1 1 1

3 7 1 7
= (2)det + (1)det
1 1 1 1
= (2)(10) + (1)(8)
= 28
z 28
z = = = 1
28
17. Solve each of the following systems of simultaneous equations by making use of Cramers rule:
x 2y =
1 3x + y =5 2x 2y = 1
(a) (b) (c)
3x + 4y =
3 2x + y =0 4x + 6y =4
=x 1;
= y 0 x = 5; y = 10 x =
0,5; y =
1
x + 2y + 2z = 7 3x 2y + 2z = 10
(a) 3x y z 0 (x)
= (b) x + 2y 3z =1 (z)
3x + 2y z 6
= 4x + y + 2z = 3
x = 1 z = 1
54
TUTORIALS
LEARNING UNIT 4
MATRICES
4.1 Operations with matrices
3. SINGH, p585, no.3 4. SINGH, p598, no.7 (c), (d)
7. Determine the inverses of the following matrices:
4 2 1 30 6 6 3 1 7 2 8 1
1 1
(a) 9 6 0 45 17 9
(b) 2 0 1
7 17 11
3 4 5 56 5 2 6 15
54 10 42 4 1 2
4.2 Solution of simultaneous equations (Inverse matrix method)

Suppose that forces F1 and F2 in a simple pulley system satisfy the equations below. Solve the system for
F1 and F2 .
F1 + 2F2 =2
3F1 4F2 =9
F1 =
1; F2 =
1,5

The magnitudes of forces F1 and F2 in a mechanical system are connected by the equations below.
Determine the magnitudes of F1 and F2 .
4F1 3F2 =6
2F1 + F2 =4
=F1 9;
= F2 14

By applying Newtons laws we obtain the equations below. Use the inverse matrix method to solve the
following system of simultaneous equations:
F1 F2 + 3F3 = 3
2F1 + F2 + F3 =7
3F1 + F2 + 4F3 =0
=F1 2;
= F2 2;
= F3 1

Use inverse matrix method to solve the following system of simultaneous equations:
2F1 F2 + F3 = 2
F1 + 2F2 + 3F3 =1
2F1 + 2F2 F3 =8
F1 = 1; F2 = 2; F3 = 2
55
By applying Kirchhoffs law to a circuit we obtain the following equations:
i1 + 2i2 = 2
3i1 4i2 = 9
where i1 and i2 represent current. Find the exact values of i1 and i2 by making use of the inverse matrix
method.
i1 =
1; i2 =
1,5
i1 2i2 = 1
3i1 + 4i2 = 3
method.
=i1 1;
= i2 0
3i1 + i2 = 5
2i1 + i2 = 0
method.
i1 = 5; i2 = 10
The equations of a circuit are given by:
i1 i2 + 3i3 =3
2i1 + i2 + i3 = 7
3i1 + i2 + 4i3 =0
Solve for i1 , i2 and i3 by making use of the inverse matrix method.
i1 =
2; i2 =
4; i3 =
1
4.2 Solution of simultaneous equations (Gauss elimination)

1. SINGH, p606, no.1(c) 2. SINGH, p606, no.3
4.2 Solution of simultaneous equations (Cramers rule)
1. Solve each of the following systems of simultaneous equations by making use of Cramers rule:
x + y = 1
(a) = x 0;
= y 1
x + 2y = 2
3x 5y = 17,6
(b) x =
1,2; y =
2,8
7y 2x = 22
56
3x + 4y + z = 10
(a) 2x 3y + 5z =9 (x) x = 1
x + 2y z =6
x + y + z = 4
(b) 2x 3y + 4z =
33 (y) y = 3
3x 2y 2z =2
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES
FORMULAE SHEETS
TRIGONOMETRY
1. 2 2
sin A + cos A =
1 15. sinh2 A cosh2 A = 1
2. 1 + tan2 A =
sec2 A 16. 1 tanh A =
2 2
sech A
3. 1 + cot2 A =cosec2 A 17. coth2 A 1 =cosech2 A
4. sin2A = 2sinAcos A 18. sinh2A = 2sinhAcoshA
5. cos2A
= cos2 A sin2 A 19.
= cosh2 A + sinh2 A
cosh2A
1 1
6. cos=2
A
2
[1 + cos2A ] 2
20. cosh= A
2
[1 + cosh2A ]
1 1
7. 2
sin= A
2
[1 cos2A ] 21. sinh2 A =
2
[ 1 + cosh2A ]
8. sin(A) = sinA 22. sinh(A) = sinhA
9. cos(A) = cos A 23. cosh(A) = coshA
10. tan(A) = tanA 24. tanh(A) = tanhA
1 eA e A eA + e A
11. sinAcosB=
2
[ sin(A + B) + sin(A B)] =
25. sinhA = ; coshA
2 2
1 jA
e e jA
e + e jA
jA
12. sinAsinB
=
2
[ cos(A B) cos(A + B)] =26. sinA = ; cos A
2j 2
1
13. cos AcosB
=
2
[ cos(A + B) + cos(A B)] 27. e jA = cos A + jsinA; e jA =
cos A jsinA
sinA
14. sinc A =
A
PARTIAL FRACTIONS AND COMPLETION OF THE SQUARE
f A B
28. = +
(ax + b)(cx + d) ax + b cx + d
f A B N
29. = + ++
(ax + b) n ax + b (ax + b)2
(ax + b)n
f Ax + B Cx + D
30. 2
= 2 2
+ 2
(ax + bx + c)(dx + ex + f) ax + bx + c dx + ex + f
f Ax + B Cx + D Mx + N
31. 2
= n 2
+ 2 2
++
(ax + bx + c) ax + bx + c (ax + bx + c) (ax + bx + c)n
2
2
2 b 4ac b2
32. ax + bx + c= a x + +
2a 4a2

MENSURATION
Aparallelogram = bh 1 1
33. 37. A trapezium
= (a + b)h 41. Vtriangular prism = bhl
2 2
1 2
34. Vcylinder = r2h 38. SAcylinder
= 2r2 + 2rh 42. Vcone = r h
3
SA triangular prism = bh + la + lb + lc 39. 1
35. Vpyramid = A h
3 base
4 3 1
36. Vsphere = r 40. Akite = ab
3 2
2
INTEGRATION
43.
k du= ku + c 61.
sinh=u du cosh u + c
n+1
44.
=
n
u du
u
n + 1
+ c, (n 1) 62.
cosh= u du sinh u + c
du
45.
= u
ln u + c 63.
tan
= h u du ln[cosh u] + c
e du= e + c cot
u u
46. 64. = h u du ln[sinh u] + c
u
a
a= sech u du tan [sinh u] + c
u 1
47. du + c 65. =
ln a
sin u du = sech=
2
48. cos u + c 66. u du tanh u + c
49.
cos u= du sin u + c 67.
sech u tanh u du = sech u + c
u
ln tanh + c
50.
t=
an u du ln sec u + c 68.
co=sech u du
2
c= cosech u du =
2
51. ot u du ln sin u + c 69. coth u + c
52.
sec u du = ln sec u + tan u + c 70.
cosech u coth u du = cosech u + c
sec = sinh u=
2 1 1 2
53. u du tan u + c 71. du usinh u + 1 + u + c
sec u tan= cosh =

1 1 2
54. u du sec u + c 72. u du ucosh u u 1 + c
1
cosec u du= ln cosec u cot u + c tanh =
1 1 2
55. 73. u du utanh u + ln(1 u ) + c
2
du u
cosec u du = a=
2 1
56. cot u + c 74. sin + c
2
u 2 a
du u
cosec u cot u du = u a
1
57. cosec u + c 75. = cosh + c
2 2 a
du u
sin u= a +u
1 1 2 1
58. du usin u + 1 u + c 76. = sinh + c
2 2 a
du 1 u
cos u= =
1 1 2 1
59. du ucos u 1 u + c 77. tanh + c
2
a u a
2 a
1 du 1 u
a + u a a + c
1 1 2 1
60. tan u= du utan u ln(1 + u ) + c 78. = 2 2
tan
2
3
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
b
h
79.
y dx=
a
[ y + 2(y1 + y2 + + yn 1 ) + yn ]
2 0
b
h
80.
y dx=
a
[y + 4(y1 + y3 + y 5 ) + 2(y2 + y 4 + y6 + ) + yn ]
3 0
f (0) 2 f (0) 3
81. f(x) =f(0) + f (0)x + x + x +
2! 3!
f(xn )
82. xn +=
1 xn
f (xn )
h
83. yn +=
1 yn + hf(xn ;yn ) 84. yn + 1 = yn + [y + f(xn + h;yn + hyn )]
2 n
h
yn + 1 =yn + [K + 2(K2 + K3 ) + K4 ]
85. 6 1
= K1 f(xn ;yn ); K2
=
hK
f xn + h2 ;yn + 2 1 ; K3
= ( ) hK
f xn + h2 ;yn + 2 2 ; K 4 ( ) f ( xn + h;yn + hK3 )
MATRICES
86. X
= c1u1e1t + c2u2e2t 87. X =c1uet + c2 utet + vet

88. X = c1 [Re(u)cosbt Im(u)sinbt ] eat + c2 [Im(u)cosbt + Re(u)sinbt ] eat
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
c eas
89. L{c} = 101. L {H(t a)} =
s s
n!
90. L{tn } = n+1 102. L {f(t a)H(t a)} =
easF(s)
s

91. L{sin t} = 2 103. eas
L{(t a)} =
s + 2
s
92. L{cos t} = 104. eas f(a)
L{f(t)(t a)} =
s2 + 2
93. sinh t =
s2 2

105.
dy
L=
dt { } sY(s) y(0)
s d2 y
94. L{cosh t} = 2 106. L 2 = s2 Y(s) sy(0) y(0)
s 2 dt
d3 y
95. { }
L e at
=
1
s a
107. L 3 = s3 Y(s) s2 y(0) sy(0) y(0)
dt
d4 y
96. {
L tneat }= n!
(s a)n + 1
108. L 4 = s4 Y(s) s3 y(0) s2 y(0) sy(0) y(0)
dt
97. {
L eat sin t = }
(s a)2 + 2

98. {
L eat cos t = } s a
(s a)2 + 2
99. {
L eat sinh t = }
(s a)2 2
100. {
L eat cosh t = }
s a
(s a)2 2
4
FOURIER TRANSFORMS Z TRANSFORMS

1
109. F eatH(t) 121. Z {(k)} = 1
a j
z
110. F f(t t 0 ) ejt0 F() Z {H(k)}
122.= , z > 1
z 1
z
111. F e j0t f(t) F( 0 ) 123. Z {k}
= , z > 1
(z 1)2
112. F f(at)
1
F
a a
124. Z k
= { }
2 z(z + 1)
(z 1)3
, z > 1
z(z2 + 4z + 1)
113. F F(t) 2f() 125. Z k3
= { } (z 1)4
, z > 1
j
114. F {f(t)sin=
0 t}
2
[F( + 0 ) F( 0 )] 126.
= { } z z a , z > a
Z ak
Z {kak 1 }
1 z
115. F {f(t)cos=
0 t} [F( + 0 ) + F( 0 )] =
127. , z > a
2 (z a)2
dnf

116.

F

dt

n
n (j) F() =
128. { }
Z kak
az
(z a)2
, z > a

m 1
dn
117. { n
}
F t f(t) = j n
n
d
[F()] 129. Z {x(k + m)}= m
z X(z) x(k)z
k=0
mk
118. F f(t) g(t) F()G() 130. Z {x(k m)} =

z X(z) m
dn
119. F{1} 2() 131. { }
Z knx(k) = (z)n
dzn
[ X(z)]
120. F (t) 1 132. { } z

Z ak x(k) = X
a
133. Z {x(k) y(k)} = X(z)Y(z)
134. x(0) = lim X(z)
z
z 1
135. lim x(k) = lim X(z)
k z 1 z

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LEARNING GUIDE

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2. CRITICAL CROSS-FIELD OUTCOMES 4

3. OBJECTIVE OF THE SUBJECT 4

4. PURPOSE OF THIS LEARNING GUIDE 4

7. BOOKS FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES 5

8. e-THUTO AND TWITTER 5

10. LECTURER INFORMATION 6

11. SYLLABUS AND WORKSCHEME 6

13. HOW TO MASTER THE SUBJECT CONTENT 9

LEARNING UNIT 1 : DIFFERENTIATION 10

LEARNING UNIT 2 : INTEGRATION 26

LEARNING UNIT 3 : FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 39

LEARNING UNIT 4: MATRICES 45

2. CRITICAL CROSS-FIELD OUTCOMES:

All students must develop:

3. OBJECTIVE OF THE SUBJECT

After completion of this course you will be able to:

Learning area: Civil, Electrical and Mechanical Engineering

7. BOOKS FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES:

James, G,Modern Engineering Mathematics, Addison-Wesley, 2nd edition, 1996.

Any non-programmable scientific calculator, preferably a SHARP or a CASIO.

10. LECTURER INFORMATION:

Prof M Truscott (co-

Lecturer Dr G Makanda Telephone Number

Consultation Times Office Number New Maths Building: 219

Lecturer Dr Brink Telephone Number

Consultation Times Office Number New Maths Building: 223

Lecturer Mr S Ruswa Telephone Number

Consultation Times Office Number New Maths Building: 222

DATE TOPIC Contact Notional COMMENTS

25.09.2017 Third quarter concludes 25.09.2017 PUBLIC HOLIDAY

Tutorials 5.3 (8 11.2

Absence during assessments:

Assessment schedule and contents:

TESTS CONTENTS DATE

Calculation of course mark:

CM = 25%CT1 + 25%CT2 + 50%MT

Calculation of final mark:

REVISION OF MATHEMATICS 1 DIFFERENTIATION

1.1 Revision of Mathematics 1 differentiation techniques

2. SINGH, p290, no.4 (a)-(d) 3. SINGH, p290, no.6 (a)-(f)

10. (Civil Engineering) 11. (Electrical Engineering)

12. (Electrical Engineering) 13. (Electrical Engineering)

16. SINGH, p302, no. 1 17. SINGH, p302, no. 2

11. (Electrical Engineering) 12. (Electrical Engineering)

(b) y = sinh(tan1 4x)

y = sinhxln2 + 2coshx lntanh1 x2

(e) y = (cosh1 x)x

lny = ln(cosh1 x)x

(g) cosh1 y tan1 2x =

lnm = lnx coshx

3e3x 24sinh2 4xcosh4x

6. y = cosh1 2x 7. y = (sin1 x)2

8. y = cosh(tanh1 2x) 9. y = lncoth6x

2sinh(tanh1 2x) 6cosech2 6x

14. 2x + sinh1 2y3 =

16. sinh1 2y + 4x2 =

2ln2x tanh1 x sinh1 2x 2lnx

1.5 Differentiation of parametric functions

6. (Mechanical and Civil Engineering) 7. (Mechanical and Civil Engineering)

8. (Mechanical and Civil Engineering) 9. (Mechanical and Civil Engineering)

11. (Electrical Engineering)