CS131 Sample Paper Answers

Multiple Choice
Ive just given answers here, mostly taken from the revision lecture if you want more working or
want to question an answer then feel free to ask :-)
1) The answer is 4 (all the options are incorrect)
2) C
3) A
4) C
5) B
6) B
7) C
8) B

Section Two
Ai) (, ) = ( + , 2 + 4)
(1,0) = (1, 2)
(0,1) = (1, 4)
1 1
Matrix is therefore [ ]
2 4
To find eigenvalues, use |M I| = 0
1 1
| |=0
2 4
(1 )(4 ) (2)(1) = 0

2 5 + 6 = 0
( 3)( 2) = 0

Eigenvalues are therefore 1 = 3 and 2 = 2

For eigenvalue 3:
1 1 3
[ ] [] = [ ]
2 4 3
() + = 3
() 2 + 4 = 3

Solving these equations gives y = 2x

Thus any vector of the form [ ] is an eigenvector corresponding to eigenvalue 3.
2
1
To form a unit eigenvector, divide by the magnitude: [ ]
5 2 2
 For eigenvalue 2:
1 1 2
[ ] [] = [ ]
2 4 2
() + = 2
() 2 + 4 = 2

Solving these equations gives y = x

Thus any vector of the form [ ] is an eigenvector corresponding to eigenvalue 2.

1
To form a unit eigenvector, divide by the magnitude: [ ]
2 2
1 1
Our unit eigenvectors are [ ] and 22 [ ] for \ {0}
5 2 2
Aii) 3+2 +1 2 = 5
First we want to solve for the homogenous case: 3+2 +1 2 = 0
The auxiliary equation is 32 2 = 0

(3 + 2)( 1) = 0
2
We have = 3 or = 1

2 2
Thus = ( 3) + (1) = ( 3) +

To find a particular solution, try = (note that = fails should we try it first)

3(( + 2)) ( + 1) 2 = 5

Solving this gives C = 1

Thus =
2
Our general solution is = + = ( ) + +
3

Substituting the initial conditions gives two equations:

() 1 = +
2
() 7 = + + 1
3

Solving simultaneously gives = 3 and = 4

2
Therefore the solution to our recurrence is = 3 ( 3) + 4 +
Bi) The series is said to converge to the sum s if the sequence ( ) of partial sums also
converges to s where:
= 0 + 1 + + ( = 0, 1, 2, )
as

Bii) We may make the observation: 0 22 22 1
1
Since
=1 2 diverges (Harmonic Series), it follows from the Comparison Test that the

series
=1 22 1 also diverges.

Biii) We will make use of the Intermediate Value Theorem:

If : [, ] is a continuous function, and () and () have opposite signs, then

() = 0 for some (, ).

() = 3 3 8 2 + + 3 = 0 is clearly continuous.
(0) = 3
(1) = 1
Since (0) and (1) have opposite signs, there exists an such that 0 < < 1
(10) = 2213
Since (10) and (1) have opposite signs, there exists an such that is greater than 1
(and also bounded above by 10 in this case).
(10) = 3807
Since (10) and (1) have opposite signs, there exists an such that is less than 0
(and also bounded below by -10 in this case).
(+)()
Biv) We say that a function is differentiable if lim
exists and equals ().
0

()()
(You may also use lim
if you want to)

Let () = ||3
||3 2
= { 2 <0
(0+)(0)
Then we have =
+ 0
Therefore:
||3 ||3
lim = lim =0
0 0+

Since the left and right limits are equal, the limit exists and = ||3 is differentiable at 0.

Since differentiability implies continuity, we may also say that = ||3 is therefore
continuous at 0.
 2 +1
Ci) = 2 ++1

( 2 ++1)(21)(2+1)( 2 +1)

= ( 2 ++1)2
(by the Quotient Rule)

2 2 2

= ( 2 ++1)2

Stationary Points occur when = 0

2 2 2 = 0
Hence = 1
(1)2 (1)+1 1
Substituting = 1 gives: = (1)2 +(1)+1 = 3

(1)2 (1)+1
Substituting = 1 gives: = (1)2 +(1)+1 = 3

1
Hence the minimum value is = 3 and the maximum value is = 3

Cii) We may first make some observations:

There is a horizontal asymptote at = 1

There are no vertical asymptotes
The function does not cross the axis
The function crosses the y axis at = 1
The stationary points are at = 1
Knowing these, we may sketch the function as below:

1 (1+) 1+ 1
Ciii)
= 1+ (1+)2
= (1+)2 (1+)2 = (1+)2 = 2 +2+1

2 +1
We may make the observation: 0 2 +2+1 2 ++1

2 +1
lim =1
2 ++1

Therefore our derivative is bounded such that: 0 2 +2+1 1

As , is always between 0 and 1, so the function is strictly increasing.
The function also crosses the axis at the point = 0.
We may therefore deduce the value is therefore positive for all positive values of .
 1cos() sin() cos() 1
Di) lim = lim cos()+sin() = lim sin()+2cos() = 2
0 sin() 0 0

(by LHpitals Rule)

Dii) (1 + 2 ) = 1 and (1 + 2 ) =
1
= 1+ 2 and = 1+ 2
2

= (1+ 2 )2 by the Quotient Rule

1 2

= (1+ 2 )2 by the Quotient Rule

By the Chain Rule we have =

2
1 2 (1+ 2 ) 1 2 1 1 2 1 1
Hence = (1+ 2 )2 2
= 2
= 2 ( ) = 2 ( )

Diii) = 2 cos(3)
We have = 2 3
The auxiliary equation is 2 + + B = 0
(2 + 3)2 + (2 + 3) + = 0

Expanding, rearranging, and equating real and imaginary parts gives two equations:
() 5 2 + = 0
() 12 + 3 = 0

Solving simultaneously gives the desired values = 4 and = 13.