MATH2352 Differential Equations and Applications Name:

Coursework 1 ID:
Problem 1. Solve the following differential equation for t > 0:
1
ty + 2y = t2 t + 1, y(1) =
2
Solution: Transform the DE into the standard form
2 1
y + y = t 1 +
t t
Applying integrating factor Z 
2
(t) = exp dt = t2
t
Then we have  
d 2
1
t y = t2 t 1 + = t3 t2 + t
dt t
Integrating with respect to t gives
Z
t y = (t3 t2 + t) dt + C
2

t4 t3 t2
t2 y = + +C
4 3 2
1
To determine the constant C, substitute t = 1, y = :
2
1 1 1 1 1
= + +C C =
2 4 3 2 12
So the solution to the given system is
1 2 1 1 1
y= t t + + t2
4 3 2 12

Problem 2. Find a general solution to the differential equation

dy x2
=
dx y(1 + x3 )
Solution: Note that y 6= 0 and x 6= 1 for the given DE to be well-defined. Apply separation to the
given DE:
dy x2
=
dx y(1 + x3 )
x2
y dy = dx
1 + x3
1 1
d 1 + x3


y dy = 3
1+x 3
Integrating both sides gives
1 1
Z Z
y dy = d(1 + x3 ) + C
3 1 + x3
1 2 1  
y = ln 1 + x3  + C
2 3
Multiply both sides by 6 and let C = 6C , a general solution can be written in the implicit form
3y 2 2 ln |1 + x3 | = C

1
Problem 3. Find the value of b for which the equation

(ye2xy + x) dx + bxe2xy dy = 0

is exact, and then solve it using that value of b.

Solution: Let M (x, y) = ye2xy + x and N (x, y) = bxe2xy , then

M N
= 2xye2xy + e2xy and = 2bxye2xy + be2xy
y x
For the given DE to be exact,
M N
=
y x
2xye2xy + e2xy = 2bxye2xy + be2xy
b=1

To solve the given DE with b = 1, we need to find a function (x, y) such that x = M and y = N , so
we have
e2xy x2
Z
= ye2xy + x = (ye2xy + x) dx + f1 (y) = + + f1 (y) (1)
x 2 2
e2xy
Z

= xe2xy = xe2xy dy + f2 (x) = + f2 (x) (2)
y 2

Comparing (1) and (2) gives

x2
f1 (y) = C and f2 (x) = +C
2
So a general solution can be written implicitly as = 0, i.e.

e2xy x2
+ +C =0
2 2
or, by letting k = 2C,
1
y= ln(k x2 )
2x