Mechanical Vibration Acoustics Mechanics

Resonance frequencies of Helmholtz resonators with Cobra3 1.5.08-11

What you can learn about

 Cavity resonator
 Resonance frequency
 Acoustic resonant circuit

Principle:
Acoustic cavity resonators posses a
characteristic frequency which is de-
termined by their geometrical form.
In this case the resonator is excited
to vibrations in its resonance fre-
quency by background noise.

What you need:

Cobra3 Basic Unit 12150.00 1
Power supply, 12 V- 12151.99 1
RS232 data cable 14602.00 1
Cobra3 Frequency Analysis Software 14514.61 1
Microphone with amplifier 03543.00 1
Flat cell battery, 9 V, 6 F 22 DIN 40871 07496.10 1
Glass tube, l = 300 mm, d = 12 mm 45126.01 1
Tripod base -PASS- 02002.55 1
Support rod, l = 50 cm, round 02032.00 1
Universal clamp 37715.00 2
Boss head 02043.00 2
Measuring tape, l = 2 m 09936.00 1
Round-bottom flask, 1000 ml, narrow neck 36050.00 1
Time signal, spectrum and parameter settings for measurements on the empty
Round-bottom flask, 100 ml, narrow neck 36046.00 1 1000 ml round-bottomed flask.
Connecting cord, l = 50 cm, blue 07361.04 1
Connecting cord, l = 50 cm, red 07361.01 1
PC, Windows 95 or higher
Tasks:
Complete Equipment Set, Manual on CD-ROM included Determination of different resonance
frequencies of a resonator depending
Resonance frequencies of Helmholtz on the volume.
resonators with Cobra3 P2150811

PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG D - 37070 Gttingen Laboratory Experiments Physics 65
 LEP
Resonance frequencies of Helmholtz resonators with Cobra3 1.5.08
-11

Related topics Boss head 02043.00 2

Cavity resonator, resonance frequency, acoustic resonant cir- Measuring tape, l = 2 m 09936.00 1
cuit Round-bottom flask, 1000 ml, narrow neck 36050.00 1
Round-bottom flask, 100 ml, narrow neck 36046.00 1
Principle Connecting cord, l = 50 cm, blue 07361.04 1
Acoustic cavity resonators posses a characteristic frequency Connecting cord, l = 50 cm, red 07361.01 1
which is determined by their geometrical form. In this case the
resonator is excited to vibrations in its resonance frequency by PC, Windows95 or higher
background noise.
Set-up and procedure
Task In accordance with Figure 1. The sound probe is extended
Determination of different resonance frequencies of a res- through the glass tube and should be located in the upper third
onator depending on the volume. of the round part of the flask.
Activate the Frequency Analysis program module. Start a
Equipment new measurement.
Cobra3 BASIC-UNIT 12150.00 1 Set the measuring parameter in accordance with Fig. 2; adjust
Power supply, 12 V 12151.99 1 the amplification of the microphone to an intermediate level.
RS232 data cable 14602.00 1 In this experiment ambient noise is desired. If it is too quiet in
Cobra3 Frequency Analysis Software 14514.61 1 the room, no signal can be recorded.
Microphone with amplifier 03543.00 1 Determine the position of the resonance frequency of the flask,
Flat cell battery, 9 V, 6 F 22 DIN 40871 07496.10 1 which is only filled with air, from the spectrum.
Glass tube, l = 300 mm, d = 12 mm 45126.01 1 Repeat the experiment after the spherical part of the flask has
Tripod base -PASS- 02002.55 1 been half-filled with water.
Support rod, l = 50 cm, round 02032.00 1 For comparison purposes, perform the above mentioned mea-
Universal clamp 37715.00 2 surement steps for the 100 ml round-bottomed flask.

Fig. 1. Set-up for the investigation of the characteristic oscillations in a cavity resonator.

PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG D-37070 Gttingen 21508-11 1
 LEP
1.5.08 Resonance frequencies of Helmholtz resonators with Cobra3
-11
Theory and evaluation
The characteristic oscillation spectrum of the round flask con-
sists of a single resonance line with a frequency of 195 Hz
(Fig. 2). After reducing the air volume in the round-bottomed
flask by 50% by adding water, the frequency rises to 245 Hz.
Additionally, secondary lines are observed and the noise of the
ambient level becomes slightly more obvious, which implies a
reduction in resonator quality (Fig. 3).
A system consisting of a tube and a hollow body, like the
round-bottom flask used here, represents a Helmholtzs res-
onator in its general form. The condition for the applicability of
the following formula is thus that the tube length is small com-
pared with the sounds wavelength. The sound wavelength of
the resonance frequencies occurring in this case is 1.4 m:
clearly greater than the tube length of the round-bottom flask.
The natural resonant frequency of such an acoustic resonant
circuit can be derived under the assumption that the air filling
in the sphere works against the movement of the air piston in
the tube like an elastic spring. Taking the mouth correction for
the tube length into consideration, the frequency f is given by
the following formula:
c pr2 1
f
a l  pr b
2p 1 2 V which the flasks are filled should be weighed or determined
R 2
Fig. 2. Time signal, spectrum and parameter settings for mea-
surements on the empty 1000 ml round-bottomed flask.
2 21508-11 PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics
where c is the speed of sound, l the tube length, r the diame-
ter of the tube, and V the volume of the hollow body attached
to the tube.
Using the following numerical values for the 1000 ml flask:
c = 343 m/s
r = 0.023 m
l = 0.085 m
V = 10.23 10-4 m3
the resonance frequency of the empty round-bottomed flask is
calculated to be 199 Hz, and the resonance frequency of the
flask which is half filled with water is 280 Hz. A comparison of
the two resonance frequencies confirms that the frequency is
inversely proportional to the square root of the volume of the
hollow body.
Remarks
If the ambient noise level during measurement is too weak, one
can generate an appropriate noise in a simple manner. It is,
e.g., sufficient to rub two sheets of sand paper together.
When using the 100 ml flask, the sound probe should be insert-
ed into the flask without a glass tube, because the glass tube
can influence the resonance length.
To perform a quantitative analysis the quantity of water with
with a graduated cylinder.
Fig. 3. Acoustic characteristic oscillations in a 1000 ml round
flask that has been approximately half-filled with water.
PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG D-37070 Gttingen