Outline of discrete mathematics

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Discrete mathematics is the study of mathematical structures that are fundamentally discrete rather than
continuous. In contrast to real numbers that have the property of varying "smoothly", the objects studied in
discrete mathematics such as integers, graphs, and statements in logic[1] do not vary smoothly in this
way, but have distinct, separated values.[2] Discrete mathematics therefore excludes topics in "continuous
mathematics" such as calculus and analysis.

Included below are many of the standard terms used routinely in university-level courses and in research
papers. This is not, however, intended as a complete list of mathematical terms; just a selection of typical
terms of art that may be encountered.

Contents
1 Subjects in discrete mathematics
2 Discrete mathematical disciplines
3 Concepts in discrete mathematics
4 Mathematicians associated with discrete mathematics
5 See also
6 References
7 External links

Subjects in discrete mathematics

Logic a study of reasoning
Set theory a study of collections of elements
Number theory
Combinatorics a study of counting
Graph theory
Digital geometry and digital topology
Algorithmics a study of methods of calculation
Information theory
Computability and complexity theories dealing with theoretical and practical limitations of
algorithms
Elementary probability theory and Markov chains
Linear algebra a study of related linear equations
Functions
Partially ordered set
Probability
Proofs
Counting
Relation

Discrete mathematical disciplines

For further reading in discrete mathematics, beyond a basic level, see these pages. Many of these disciplines
are closely related to computer science.

Automata theory
Coding theory
Combinatorics
Computational geometry
 Digital geometry
Discrete geometry
Graph theory
Mathematical logic
Combinatorial optimization
Set theory
Combinatorial topology
Number theory
Information theory
Game theory

Concepts in discrete mathematics

Sets

Set (mathematics)
Element (mathematics)
Venn diagram
Empty set
Subset
Union (set theory)
Disjoint union
Intersection (set theory)
Disjoint sets
Complement (set theory)
Symmetric difference
Ordered pair
Cartesian product
Power set
Simple theorems in the algebra of sets
Naive set theory
Multiset

Functions

Function
Domain of a function
Codomain
Range of a function
Image (mathematics)
Injective function
Surjection
Bijection
Function composition
Partial function
Multivalued function
Binary function
Floor function
Sign function
Inclusion map
Pigeonhole principle
Relation composition
Permutations
Symmetry

Arithmetic
 Decimal

Binary numeral system

Divisor
Division by zero
Indeterminate form
Empty product
Euclidean algorithm
Fundamental theorem of arithmetic
Modular arithmetic
Successor function

Elementary algebra
Elementary algebra

Left-hand side and right-hand side of an equation

Linear equation
Quadratic equation
Solution point
Arithmetic progression
Recurrence relation
Finite difference
Difference operator
Groups
Group isomorphism
Subgroups
Fermat's little theorem
Cryptography
Faulhaber's formula

Mathematical relations

Binary relation
Mathematical relation
Reflexive relation
Reflexive property of equality
Symmetric relation
Symmetric property of equality
Antisymmetric relation
Transitivity (mathematics)
Transitive closure
Transitive property of equality
Equivalence and identity
Equivalence relation
Equivalence class
Equality (mathematics)
Inequation
Inequality (mathematics)
Similarity (geometry)
Congruence (geometry)
Equation
Identity (mathematics)
Identity element
Identity function
Substitution property of equality
 Graphing equivalence
Extensionality
Uniqueness quantification

Mathematical phraseology
If and only if
Necessary and sufficient (Sufficient condition)
Distinct
Difference
Absolute value
Up to
Modular arithmetic
Characterization (mathematics)
Normal form
Canonical form
Without loss of generality
Vacuous truth
Contradiction, Reductio ad absurdum
Counterexample
Sufficiently large
Pons asinorum
Table of mathematical symbols
Contrapositive
Mathematical induction

Combinatorics

Combinatorics

Permutations and combinations

Permutation
Combination
Factorial
Empty product
Pascal's triangle
Combinatorial proof
Bijective proof
Double counting (proof technique)

Probability
Probability

Average
Expected value
Discrete random variable
Sample space
Event
Conditional Probability
Independence
Random variables

Propositional logic

Logical operator
 Truth table
De Morgan's laws
Open sentence
List of topics in logic

Mathematicians associated with discrete mathematics

Paul Erds
Ronald Graham

See also
Discrete mathematics
portal

References
1. ^ Richard Johnsonbaugh, Discrete Mathematics, Prentice Hall, 2008.
2. ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Discrete mathematics". MathWorld.

External links
Archives
Jonathan Arbib & John Dwyer, Discrete Mathematics for Cryptography, 1st Edition ISBN 978-1-
907934-01-8.
John Dwyer & Suzy Jagger, Discrete Mathematics for Business & Computing, 1st Edition 2010 ISBN
978-1-907934-00-1.

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title=Outline_of_discrete_mathematics&oldid=796574162"
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