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A+ FlowTek
Fluid Flow Metering Specialists
www.APlusFlowTek.com
PPR-501-1 2006
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
Agenda
A+ FlowTek Background with NASA & Balanced Flow Meter
Technical Background
QMC established in 1996 for advanced
monitoring & control (health management,
sensor validation, etc.)
PPR-501-1
2006 3
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
PPR-501-1
2006 4
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
Fluids L, G, S L, G L, G L L, G L, G
Disadvantage Permanent moving parts Moving parts Weirs and Limited use for Low accuracy;
pressure drop subject to wear, subject to wear, flumes require liquids; low to many do not
depends on requires clean requires clean obstruction; medium have output
primary fluids fluids pressure loss accuracy
element; orifice depends on
plates subject technology
to wear
Advantage Low cost; well Accurate; Reliable; well Limited Low cost; Low cost; many
understood measures low understood accuracy, measures mass do not require
flow rates and depending on flow power
viscous flows technology
Principle of Flow rate Fluid trapped Flow rate Level or depth Flow rate Flow rate
Operation proportional to into proportional to used to proportional to indicated by how
amount of compartments speed of determine flow speed with high the fluid lifts
pressure drop of known spinning rotor with weirs and which heat a float
created by volume and flumes; area dissipates in
constriction in emptied; flow velocity the fluid
pipe rate determined measures flow
by counting rate and level
how often this or depth
happens
PPR-501-1
2006 6
Source: Flow Research, Inc.
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
PPR-501-1
2006 8
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
Equation of Continuity
(AV)a = m = (AV)b
PPR-501-1
2006 9
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
PPR-501-1
2006 10
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
Super-compressibility factor
Y = 1 - (0.41 + 0.35 4)(1 - Pb/Pa)/
Area Ratio
Ab/Aa = ()2 = (1 + S)-1/2
where
S = (2gc(Pa-Pb))(YCOAa/m)2
PPR-501-1
2006 11
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
)[ ]
1
Pb
1/
(1 4
1 ( P / P )1 1/
2
=
b a
Pa [
( 1)(1 Pb / Pa ) 1 (Pb / Pa )
4 2/
]
Area Ratio
Ab/Aa = ()2 = (1 + S)-1/2
where
S = (2gc(Pa-Pb))(YCOAa/m)2 PPR-501-1
2006 12
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
Equation of Continuity
( Av) a ,b = ma = mb = Const
v2 = u 2
PPR-501-1
2006 13
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
2 g c J (H a H b )
m = a Aa
A 2
a b a a 1
a b Ab
PPR-501-1
2006 14
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
TdS + LW + Q = 0
= = 2
LW LW kvb / 2gc
PPR-501-1
2006 15
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
Mass w=0
v2
Momentum F = w + PS + mtot g
v
1 v
3
Energy
U + P/ + + W
2 v
Isothermal 1 v3
+ + G + W + Ev = 0
2 v
Mechanical
Energy Isentropic 1 v3
+ + H + W + Ev = 0
2 v
PPR-501-1
2006 16
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
1/ 2
1/ 2
2 g c G 2 g c G
m= =
k + k +
(A)2 ( A)2 ((G / P) A)2 ((G / P) A)2
b a T b T a
PPR-501-1
2006 17
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
P*
Pa
Pb
Plw
1: (Ha - Hmin )S + (va2 - vb 2 - kvb 2)/2 = 0
Hb = Hmin + LW
2: (Ha - Hb ) + (va2 - vb 2)/2 = 0
Hb Pnt b 3: (v A Rho) = m = m a = m b
1: m = (2(Ha - Hmin ))1/2
Lost Permanent (/(A Rho)a2 - (k + )/(A Rho)min 2)1/2
Work, Pressure 2: m = (2(Ha - Hb ))1/2
LW=kv2/2 Loss (/(A Rho)a2 - /(A Rho)b 2)1/2
Hmin
Entropy, S(T,P) Hb - Hmin =kv2/2, m b = (A Rho)b (2(Hb - Hmin )/k)1/2 PPR-501-1
2006 18
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
P*
Pa
Pb
Plw
1: (Ga - Gmin )S + (va2 - vb 2 - kvb 2)/2 = 0
Gb = Gmin + LW
2: (Ga - Gb ) + (va2 - vb 2)/2 = 0
Gb 3: (v A Rho)a,b = m = m a = m b
Pnt b
1: m = (2(Ga - Gmin ))1/2
Gmin
Temperature
Gb - Gmin =v2/2, m b = (A Rho)b (2(Gb - Gmin )/k)1/2
PPR-501-1
2006 19
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
mactual ( Av ) friction
CD =
mideal (Av )ideal
b, f
1/ 2
b, f
CD = = (eff )1/ 2
min,S + k min,S
PPR-501-1
2006 20
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
PPR-501-1
2006 21
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
Hole diameters
Di = (4Ai/N)1/2
PPR-501-1
2006 22
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
18 NDP
PPR-501-1
2006 23
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
Physical Properties
Extended Lee-Kesler Equation of State (ELK-EoS), Patent Pending
PPR-501-1
2006 24
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
Physical Properties
Extended Lee-Kesler Equation of State (ELK-EoS), Patent Pending
( )(
z fluid = z (0 ) + z (1) + z (4 ) / (0 ) z (1) z (2 ) z (3 ) + z (4 ) )
where
z (1) = (( ( 0 ) ) /( ( R ) ( 0 ) )) ( z ( R ) z ( 0) )
z ( 2) = (( ( 0) ) /( ( R ) ( 0) )) ( z ( R ) z ( 0) )
z ( 3) = (( ( 0 ) ) /( (W ) ( 0 ) )) ( z (W ) z ( 0 ) )
z ( 4 ) = (( ( 0 ) ) /( (W ) ( 0 ) )) ( z (W ) z ( 0 ) )
Physical Properties
QMC DYFLO Modeling
Physical Properties
Flow Meter Error Detection
Experimental Results
The Balanced Flow Meter Measurement device has been
tested and verified. This new and unique device
utilizes a patented (10/750,628) multi-hole layout
design, and provides:
Experimental Results
Kinetic energy and momentum correction factors for the Balanced
Flow Meter (BFM) versus the standard knife-edged orifice plate
= = = =
3 2
u dA u dA
kEcf momcf
v A 3
u 2 dA
Balanced Flow Meter Orifice Plate
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
, can be calculated for the BFM , cannot be calculated for the orifice plate since
velocity profiles are random/chaotic and
PPR-501-1
(mass flow). 2006 29
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
Client Designs
PPR-501-1
2006 30
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
Experimental Results
Balanced Flow Meter plate performance, from minimum flows to sonic
BETA 0.25 0.500 0.521 0.650 0.500,fouled 0.500,elbow
Avg Cd 0.892 0.882 0.881 0.911 0.824 0.848
Cd Dev 0.032 0.001 0.009 0.010 0.038 0.008
Avg K Val 287.1 16.3 13.2 4.0 15.65 18.63
K Dev 20.8 0.60 0.53 0.16 1.23 0.38
PPR-501-1
2006 31
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
1.4
1.2
ORIFICE/VENTURI COEFFICIENT, CD VALUE
CD_ORIFICE_REF
0.8 CD_ORIFICE_USFLG_THROAT
CD_ORIFICE_USFLG_DSFLG
CD_VENTURI_USFLG_THROAT
0.6 CD_VENTURI_USFLG_DSFLG
CD_VENTURI_REF
0.4
0.2
PPR-501-1
2006 32
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
6
VELOCTY HEAD, K VALUE
5
KVHEAD_ORIFICE_REF
KVHEAD_10US_4DS
4
KVHEAD_USFLG_DSFLG
KVHEAD_VENTURI_REF
3
65
60
55
50
Pressure Recovery %
45
Balanced Plate
Orifice Plate
40
35
30
25
20
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
PPR-501-1
Air Flow % 2006 34
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
120.00
115.00
110.00
Noise Level in dB @ 1 ft
105.00
100.00
95.00
90.00
Balanced Plate Orifice Plate
PPR-501-1
Plate Type 2006 35
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Patented 10 / 750,628
Design Details
PPR-501-1
2006 36
A+ FLOWTEK
Balanced Flow Meter
Balanced
A+ FlowTek Patented 10 Plate General Specifications
/ 750,628
Fluid Flow Metering Specialists No By Date Rev Sheet of
Spec No. Revision
Project No. Date
A+ FlowTek
Fluid Flow Metering Specialists
www.APlusFlowTek.com