Department of Radio Science and Engineering

Course S-26.2900: Elements of Electromagnetic Field Theory and Guided Waves

Instructor: Prof. C. R. Simovski
Assistant: Dr. C. A. Valagiannopoulos

PROBLEM SET C: TRANSMISSION-LINE IMPEDANCES

PROBLEM 1 (Basic quantities)

A lossless transmission line with characteristic impedance 0 , has a length and is terminated by an arbitrary
load . (a) Find the expression of the wave voltage () and evaluate the ratio () of the reflecting wave over
the transmitting one (reflection coefficient). (b) Determine the ratio = |()| /|()| of the maximum
over the minimum voltage magnitude (standing wave ratio).

PROBLEM 2 (Voltage transformation ratio)

A lossless quarter-wave line section of characteristic resistance 0 is terminated with an inductive load
impedance = + . (a) Determine the input impedance by separating its real and imaginary parts. (b)
Find the ratio of the magnitude of the voltage at the input to that at the load as function of the parameters
0 , , . (c) Sketch the graph of the ratio | |/| | with respect to the real part for several imaginary ones
and discuss the results.

PROBLEM 3 (Optimized solutions)

Consider a lossless transmission line. (a) Determine the lines characteristic resistance 0 so that it will have a
minimum possible standing-wave ratio for a load impedance = 40 + 30 . (b) Find this minimum
standing-wave ratio and the corresponding voltage reflection coefficient. (c) Find the location of the voltage
minimum nearest to the load.

PROBLEM 4 (Impedance matching)

A transmission line characteristic impedance 0 = 50 is to be

matched to a load impedance = 40 + 10 through a length of
another transmission line of characteristic impedance 0 and
unitary wavelength 0 = 1 at the operating frequency. (a) Find the
required and 0 for matching. (b) Repeat the analysis for
arbitrary reactance Im[ ] = and consider three different
resistances 0 = 50, 60, 70 and represent the solution 0 as function of 0 < < 20 .

PROBLEM SET C: TRANSMISSION-LINE IMPEDANCES

PROBLEM 5 (Inverse problem)

Consider a lossless transmission line. Obtain the formulas for finding the electrical length /0 and the
terminating resistance of a lossless line having a (real) characteristic impedance 0 such that the input
impedance equals = + .

PROBLEM 6 (Time-dependent functions)

A sinusoidal voltage generator () = 110 sin and internal impedance = 50 is connected to a

quarter-wave lossless line having a characteristic impedance 0 = 50 that is terminated in a purely reactive
load = 50 . (a) Obtain voltage and current phasor expressions () and (). (b) Write the instantaneous
voltage and current expressions (, ) and (, ). (c) Obtain the instantaneous power and the average power
delivered to the load.

PROBLEM 7 (Minimum reflection coefficient)

A lossless transmission line of characteristic impedance

0 = 50 is terminated by a load of impedance = 100
100 . At distance = 0.60 from it (0 is the operating
wavelength), a shunt capacitor with variable capacitance
0 < < 0.30 /0 (0 is the speed of vacuum into the host material), has been installed. (a) Determine the line
onto which the input reflection coefficient is moving across the complex plane of the Smith chart. (b) Find the
capacitance , for which minimum and maximum reflections are achieved. In the first case (minimum reflection),
how is the value of related to the imaginary part of the terminating load?

PROBLEM 8 (Reflection coefficient locus)

A lossless transmission line of characteristic impedance

0 = 50 is terminated by a load of impedance = 15
15 . At parallel position to (see figure), a purely imaginary
impedance of inductive nature with 0 < Im[ ] < 0 has been
connected. In addition, an open-circuited series stub of the
same transmission line and variable length 0 /4 < < 0 /3, has been employed in order to modify the input
impedance. Using the Smith chart, determine the region containing all the possible values of the input reflection
coefficient.

PROBLEM SET C: TRANSMISSION-LINE IMPEDANCES