Capacitor

RUSTIA, PRINCE LORD, J.,SAN JUAN, CAMILLE, R.,SANTIAGO, ARNEL II, C.

SEMILLA, CHEYENE DARIANE, B.,TORRES, JAMES ANTHONY, C.,VELASCO, MA. CARMINA, C.
Thursday 2:00-5:00PM / OZ308
Mathematics and Physics Department, Adamson University

Abstract
In this experiment, the students investigated the hypothesis that resistors satisfy Ohm's law.
The objective of this experiment was to determine the relationship between voltage and current,
current and resistance, and voltage and resistance as well as to verify Ohm's Law. Multimeter was used
to measure the current and voltage respectively. Using the formula V=IR, the students determined the
values for potential difference, current and resistance.
1. Introduction
Georg Simon Ohm, a German mathematician
and physicist, researched about the relationship of
resistance, voltage, and current in an ideal circuit. He
stated that the voltage or potential difference (V) is
equal to the product of the electric current (I) and the
resistance (R). The purpose of this experiment is to
determine the relationship between voltage and
current, current and resistance, and voltage and
resistance as well as to verify Ohms Law using resistor
in DC circuit.
2. Theory
In an ideal circuit there are electric supplies
which are measured in volts, electric current which is
measured in Amperes, and resistance measured in
Ohms. To determine the relationship between each
equations variables, one must be held constant. To
prove the ohms law we must use the formula
V=IR
Where V is the potential difference measured in volts
(V), I is the electric current flowing through the circuit
with units of amperes (A), and R is the resistance of the
circuit in units of ohms ().
3. Materials and Procedure
The experiment was divided into three
sections. The apparatus used to complete this
experiment are panel board, multimeter, DC power
supply, bridging plugs, connecting wires and resistors
with different values.
The first section of the experiment tested had
a simple circuit set up in accordance with Figure 1 with
a resistor set to 100. The value of voltage applied to
the circuit started at 1V and was systematically
increased by 1V until it reaches 5V and the respective
current reading was recorded. Ohms Law was used to
calculate the value of resistance, R. The average value
of the resistance (R) average was determined by
dividing the summation of recorded values by the
count and the value obtained was compared to the
standard value and then the percentage error was
computed. Then, all the data gathered was plotted and
the relationship between the voltage and the current
in constant resistance was explained.
The second section of the experiment used the
same circuit set up in the firsts but with the voltage set
to 5V. The values of resistor applied to the circuit are
100, 150, 220, 330 and 470 and the respective
current reading was measured. Ohms Law was used to
calculate the voltage, V. The average value of voltage
(V) average was computed and was compared to the
standard value of voltage which is 5V and then the
percentage error was computed. And again, all the
data gathered was plotted and the relationship exists
between the voltage and the resistance in a constant
current was described.
In the last section of the experiment the circuit
was set up identically to the circuit shown in Figure 2.
The ammeter and the voltmeter was connected
simultaneously and the value of the resistors used are
100, 150, 220, 330 and 470. The maximum
reading of ammeter was set to 0.0025A and the
voltage supply to 0V. The voltage was adjust until the
pointer of the ammeter deflects to 0.002A. The
respective reading of voltage across the resistor was
measured and the current was obtained using Ohms
Law. The average value of the current (I) average was
computed and was compared to the standard value of
current which is 0.002A and then the percentage error 220 0.0288 6.330
was computed. All the data gathered was plotted and
the relationship between voltage and resistance in 330 0.0207 6.820
constant current was explained.
470 0.0144 6.760
4. Results and Discussion V(average) 6.404 V

Table 1 shows the computed value by the V(standard) V(average) % error

equation V = I R and the measured value by the use of
5V 6.404 V 28.08%
multimeter.

Table 1. Variation of Voltage with Current

0.1

Current (I)
V (volt) I (Ampere) R (Ohm) 0.1
0.
1V 0.0135 74.07 0.
2V 0.0232 86.21 0.
0.
3V 0.0375 80.00 100 150 220 330 470
4V 91.32 Resistance ()
0.0438
Fig. 2. The relationship between resistance and current
5V 0.0504 99.21 is indirectly proportional having a constant voltage,
R(average) 86.16 5V. As the resistance increases, current decreases.

R(standard) R(average) % error Table 3. Variation of Resistance with Voltage

100 86.16 13.84%
R (Ohm) V (volt) I (Ampere)
100 1.900 0.019
0.1 150 2.980 0.020
Current (I)

0.
220 4.600 0.021
0.
0. 330 6.100 0.018
0. 470 8.800 0.019
1V 2V 3V 4V 5V
Voltage (V)
I(average) 0.019A
Fig. 1. The relationship between voltage and current is I(standard) % error I(average)
directly proportional having resistance as the constant
0.002A 0.019A 8.5%
variable. As the voltage increases, current also
increases.

Table 2. Variation of Resistance with Current

R (Ohm) I (Ampere) V (volt)

100 0.0590 5.900
150 0.0414 6.210
 11.3

Voltage (V)
9.
6.8
4.5
2.3
0.
100 150 220 330 470
Resistance ()

Fig. 3. The relationship between resistance and voltage

is directly proportional having a uniform current of
0.002A. As the resistance increases, voltage also
increases.

5. Conclusion

References

1. Caares, A., Casquejo, E., Ching, M., Fadri, R.,

Laban, R., Miranda, M., Siguenza, R., Turnbull,
W. (2017). Physics Laboratory Manual Volume
2.
2. Voltage, Current, Resistance, and Ohms law.
(n.d). Retrieved from
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/voltage-
current-resistance-and-ohms-law
3. Halliday, Resnick & Walker. (1997).
Fundamentals of physics. New York, NY: Wiley.