Electrical Machines

Tutorial: Transformer

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 Problem - 1
A 3300 / 250 V, 50 Hz, single phase
transformer is built on a core having an
effective cross-sectional area of 125 cm2
and 70 turns on the low-voltage winding.
Calculate

(a) the value of the maximum flux density,

(b) the number of turns on the high voltage

winding ? 2
 Solution
Given data is
V1 = 3300 V
V2 = 250 V
f = 50 Hz
A = 125 cm2 = 125 X 10-4 m2
V2 = .max.N2 / (2) = .Bmax.A.N2 / (2)
Bmax = E2.(2) / (.A.N2) = 1.286 T

(V1 / V2) = (N1 / N2)

N1 = (V1 / V2).N2 = 924
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 Problem - 2
A 125 KVA transformer having primary voltage
of 2000 V at 50 Hz has 182 primary and 40
secondary turns. Neglecting losses, calculate

(a) the full-load primary and secondary

currents

(b) the no-load secondary induced e.m.f. and

(c) the maximum flux in the core ?

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 Solution
Given data is
S = 125 KVA
V1 = 2000 V
f = 50 Hz
N1 = 182 turns
N2 = 40 turns

a. S = V1.I1 = V2.I2
I1 = S / V1 = 62.5 A
&
I2 = (N1 / N2).I1 = 284.4 A contd..
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 Contd..

b. V2 / V1 = N2 / N1
V2 = (N2 / N1).V1 = 439.6 V

c. V1 = (1 / 2)..max.N1
max = [ (2).V1 ] / (.N1) = 0.0495 Wb

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 Problem 3:Exact model

The parameters of the equivalent circuit of a 150-kVA, 2400-

V/240-V transformer, shown in figure, are, R1=0.20, R2=2m,
X1=0.4500, X2=4.5m, Rc=10k, Xm=1.550k.
Calculate V1,E1,I1,Io for
(a) the load draws rated current at rated voltage at 0.8pf
lagging.
(b) the load draws rated current at rated voltage at 0.6pf
leading.
(c) at no load condition at the rated voltage and
(d) at the condition where the secondary is short circuit and
rated current is flowing through it.
Phasor diagram for exact model
 Answer 3
(a) Full load condition with 0.8pf lagging
The No-load current IO = 1.584453A /-80.835138 degrees.
The Secondary current I2 = 625.0A /-36.869898 degrees.
E1 = 2426.921355V /0.354129 degrees.
Source current I1 = 63.649933A /-37.86010 degrees.
Source voltage V1 = 2454.685277V /0.695607 degrees.
Percent Efficiency = 98.2153% .
Percent Reg = 2.278553%.
(b) Full load condition with 0.6pf leading
The No- load current IO = 1.557183A /-80.543666 degrees.
The Secondary current I2 = 625.0A /53.130102 degrees.
E1 = 2385.151414V /0.645601 degrees.
Source current I1 = 61.43501A /52.079643 degrees.
Source voltage V1 = 2371.347270V /1.294160 degrees.
Efficiency = 97.7146%
Percent Reg = -1.193864%.
 Answer 3(contd)
(c)No-load condition
The No-load current IO = 1.566877A /-81.189267 degrees.
E1 = 2400 V /0 degrees.
Source current I1 = 1.566877A /-81.189267 deg.
Source voltage V1 = 2400.744783V /-0.004813 deg. E1
(d) Short circuit condition
The No-load current IO = 0.020094A /-15.151756 degrees.
V2= 0V
The Secondary current I2 = 625A.
E1 = 30.777681V /66.037511 degrees.
Source current I1 = 62.519395A /-0.004813 degrees.
Source voltage V1 = 61.564912V /66.035104 degrees.
 Problem 4: approximate model

The parameters of the equivalent circuit of a 150-kVA,

2400-V/240-V transformer, shown in figure, are,
R1=0.20, R2=2m, X1=0.4500, X2=4.5m, Rc=10k,
Xm=1.550k.
Calculate V1,E1,I1,Io for
(a) the load draws rated current at rated voltage at 0.8pf
lagging.
(b) the load draws rated current at rated voltage at 0.6pf
leading.
(c) at no load condition at the rated voltage and
(d) at the condition where the secondary is short circuit
and rated current is flowing through it.
Phasor diagram for approximate
model
 Answer 4
(a)Full load condition with 0.8pf lagging
The No load current Io = 1.584453A /-80.835138 degrees.
The Secondary current I2 = 625.0A /-36.869898 degrees.
E1 = 2453.933386V /0.700474 degrees.
Source current I1 = 63.649933A /-37.86010 degrees.
Source voltage V1 = 2453.933386V /0.700474 degrees.
Percent Efficiency = 98.2387%.
Percent Reg = 2.247224% .
(b) Full load condition with 0.6pf leading
The No load current IO = 1.557183A /-80.543666 degrees.
The Secondary current I2 = 625.0A /53.130102 degrees.
E1 = 2370.609429V /1.299207 degrees.
Source current I1 = 61.435010A /52.079643 degrees.
Source voltage V1 = 2370.609429V /1.299207 degrees.
Efficiency = 97.6866%.
Percent Reg = -1.224607%.
 Answer 4(contd)
(c)No-load condition
The No load current IO = 1.566877A /-81.189267 degrees.
E1 = 2400. 0V /0 degrees.
Source current I1 = 1.566877A /-81.189267 degrees.
Source voltage V1 = 2400 V /0 degrees.

(d) Short circuit condition

The No load current IO = 0.020094A /-15.151756 degrees.
The Secondary current I2 = 625 A
E1 = 61.555361V /66.037511 degrees.
Source current I1 = 62.519395A /-0.004813 degrees.
Source voltage V1 = 61.555361V /66.037511 degrees.