Honors Chemistry Name:

A , Unit 1: Properties of Matter

-r-
-r-'
)ay Date
8/28
Classwork Homework
Finish CW
POG lL: Unit Dimensionat Ana tysis Activity (p. 1 -3 ) Study Elements 1-56
fi 56 Etements Assigned Quiz on Thurs POIYI Reading Guide (p.4)
(ward-science.weebty.com)
Notes: Scientific Notation & i,{etric ConveBions (p.5-6) Finish CW
z 8/29 CW lvtetrics Practice (p.8"9) Study Etements 1-56
POM Reading Guide (p.10)
8t30 fhe Gold Dust Kid - An Etement Tate (p.11)
Finish CW
Notes: Accuracy, Precision & % Error (p.12-13)
l CW: Accuracy, Precision & % Error (p.7)
;tudy Etements l-56
POM Reading Guide (p.16)
uetric Conversion Prcject (p.14-'15) (Due Tues 9/5)
3/31 Elements Quiz Finish POGIL
4
POGIL: Sicnificant Ficures (0.'17-20) Begin working on Project
)/1 Quiz: POr,t ReadinS Guide iinish POGIL
t zOGIL: Density (p.21"26) Complete iletric Project Due on Tues
)/5 ttetric Project Due
\otes: Significant Figures (p.27)
\otes: Density (p.5) 'inish CW
:W: Density Practice (p.29)
)/6 Quiz 1: ,6etrics through Sig Figs :inish
)OGIL: Phase Diagram (p.30-32) POGIL

9/7 -ab: Densitv of Chocotate Bar (separate handout) =inish Density Lab Due Tomorrow
9/8 Lab Day 1: ldentification of an lJnknown substance
Pre-Lab Assignment
(separate handout)
9/11 Watch these tonight
http: //tinvurl.com/tsodv25
10 Lab Day 2: ldentification of an Unknown Substance
htto: //tinvurl.com/v8xdqsw4
http: / /tinyurl.com /yanyoxT
sh2 Notes: Phase Diagrams (p.33)
Notes: Phase Changes/Heating-Cooting CuNes (p.36) Finish CW Graphing Activitjes
1
CW: Graphing a Phase Diagram (p.34-35)
CW: Graphing Heating Curve of Water (p.37-39)
2113 POM Warm-up (p.40) :inish POGIL
17
POGIL: Heat, Temperature & Catorimetry (p.41"43)
3t14 {otes: Temperature vs Heat/Law of Conservation of
13 :nergy/Quantities of Heat (p.,{4) =inish CW
:W: Specific Heat/Phase Changes (p.46-45)
9t15 Phase Diagram Warm-up (p.47)
Notes: Total Energy of Heating Curve/Calorimeters & Finish CW
14
Transferring Heat (p.48) Test Review (p.50-51)
CW: Catorimetry Practice (p.49)
9/18 PO Lab Report Due
15 quiz 2: Density, Phase Changes, Heatlng Curves, Test Reyiew (p.52-53)
Calorlmtry and Quantities of Heat
16 9/19 Lab: Ftamen Cheetos Catorimetry Iest Review (p.54.55)
17 )t20 Iest Review Stations itudy for Unit 1 Test
18 )t22 Iest Unit 1: Propertles of lvlatter
Standards:
SC-912.P.8.1 (2) -
Differentiate among the four states of matter.
SC.g12.P.8.2 (2) Differentiate between physical and chemical properties and physical and chemical changes of matter.
-
Sc.g12.P.12.11 (2)- Describe phase transitions in terms of kinetic molecular theory.
SC.g12.P.8.5 (2) - Relate p.operties of atoms and their position in the periodic table to the arrangement of their
electrons.
SC.912.N.1.1 (3) Define a problem based on a specific body of knowledge, for example: biology, chemistry, physics, and
earth/space science, and do the fo lowlng
SC.912.N.1.2 {2)- Descrlbe and explain what characterizes science and its methods.
5C.912.N.1.7 (1)- Recognize the role of creativity in constructing scientific questions, methods and explanations-
SC.912.N.2.2 (3) - ldentify which questions can be answered through science and which questions are outside the
boundaries of scientific investigation, such as questions addressed by other ways of knowing, suh as art, philosophy,
and religion.

Learning Goals- Students will be able to:

1. Complete unit conversions using dimensional analysis.
2. ldentify & use significant figures.
3. Know when a chemical reaction occurs.
4. dentify homogeneous & heterogeneous mixtures, compounds, and elements,
5- Explain energy (kinetic & potential) changes when a substance is heated, cooled or chanBes phase.
6. dentify pressure & temperature as determining factors for phases of matter.
7. Explain the difference between heat & temperature.
8. interpret & explain the 5 parts of heating & cooling curves.
9. lnterpret and explain phase diagrams identlfying regions, phases & phase changes.
10. Complete specific heat, calorimetry, & phase change calcu ations
11. Calculate total energy in a heating or cooling curve.
12- Understand and show conservation of energy through q lost = q gained.
13. Explain a closed system.
14. Explain phase changes & ca culatlons in terms of endothermic and exothermic.

Iam ableto...

1. Complete unlt conversions uslng dimensionalanalysis. 1 2 3 4

2. ldentify & use significant figures. 1 2 3 4
3. Know when a chemical reaction occurs.
4. dentify hornogeneous & heterogeneous mixtures, compounds, and elements. 12 3 4
5. Explain ener8y (kinetic & potentla )changes when a substance is heated, cooled or changes phase. 1 2 3 4
6. ldentify pressure & temperature as determinlng factors for phases of matter. 1 2 3 4
7. Explain the difference between heat & temperature. 1 2 3 4
8. lnterpret & explaln the 5 parts of heating & cooling curves. 1 2 3 4
9. lnterpret and explain phase diagrams identlfying reglons, phases & phase changes. 12 3 4
10. Compiete specific heat, calorimetry, & phase change ca cu ations. 12 3 4
11. Calculate total energy in a heating or cooling curve. 1 2 3 4
12. Understand and show conservation of energy through q lost = q gained. 1 2 3 4
13. Explain a closed system- 12 3 4
14. Explain phase changes & calculations in terms of endothermic and exothermic. 1 2 3 4
HS Chemistry POGIL ActiYity Topic: Measurement: Scientific Mathematics
Unit Dimensional An - Version 2
Why? lnthis activily we will see that it is possible to look at a situalion fiom seveml points ofview, or
to take measurements ofthat same situation using different units ofmeasure. Every measurement has 2
components: magnitude and dimension. Magnitude is the value ofthe number inthe measurement and
dimension is the unit ofmeasurc (e. g. grams, centimeters, inches or liters.)

. Ifa neasurement is given, can we convert thal measurement to diferent anits to meet oltr needs?

Model: Car Trip

Given:
90 miles
75 minutes
3 gallons ofgasoline
$t 2.00
I bathroom break
I / songs on !our rfod-
Group Instructiotrs: When addressing each question, one group member should be assigned the task of
rcading the question aloud for the rest ofthe group. The manager should rotate that role among group
members throughout the assignment-

Critical Questions:
I . How long does it take to dive 90 miles?

2. How long does it take to drive 180 miles?

3. How many miles can you drive on I gallons ofgas?

4. How many miles can you drive on I gallon ofgas?

5. Show howyou solved question # 4. Be sure to include the units in your calculations.

6. Show the miles per gallon as a fraction (mtio) with numerator and denominator. Which is the
numerator? Which is the denominator?

7. Using a grammatically correct sentence descdbe how you made the choice for # 6.

8. Is there another way to w te the fractionalrelationship ofgallonsand miles? Show this way.

9. why might you want to write the ratio this 2d way?

HS Chemisrrv FOCIL Activitv Page 2
Unit Dimensional Analysis Activity
10. Here are 3 other mtio relationships that we can obtain from the model:

I bathroom break 3 qallons 27 sones

90 miles 75 minutes $12.00

write 4 other such relationships that you can obtain from the model:

These relationships are called CotrversioD Factors.

wlat are the components of a conversion factor?
Using complete sentences consult with your group and come up with a description ofa conversion
factor. What are its essential compo.ents and what is its purpose?

I l. whichone ofthe conveEion factors fiom #10 would you use to determine how long it would take
to bum 8 gallons ofgas?

12. Construct the conversion factor needed to delermine how many songs you would hear in 500
miles.

13. Solve # 12 mathematically. Show your work below and be sure to include units.

Reflections:

14. As a group, write grammatically correct English sentences to describe the objective ofthe activity
at this point. Be prepared to share your answer with the class.

15. After having shared with the class, does your group still agree with your initial assessment ofwhat
the objective is?

16. As a group, can you think ofa situation when a scientist or chemist might need to use conversion
factors to solve a problem? Give an example.
Hs Chemisr! Poctl Activitv Page 3
Unit Dimensional Analysis Activity
Exercises:
Using cotrversion fictors to solve a problem is called Dimensiolal Aoalysis. You should now be able
to solve thc follox'inq problems.

11. Sol\e this problelJ, yi!b9!UL!Ip!gkd!t!9!: 6xl7x3x13:

l3x9x17
18. Write a mathematical rule that makes this problem easier to solve.

19. Solve this problem:

miles x songs x sallons =

miles x gallons

lt is often convehient to rcprcsent calculations ofthis type as a *cancllation line." The cancellation line
for Problem lTwould look like this: 6lH t3l.l3
r-l: I--d-fE : z
Cancellation lines can also be used with units: 5 de.6 I 24 houi | 60 minutes
Ex.Calculatethnumberofminutesin5days i lda1- I lh{+ = 7200min.

Use a cancellation line to solve the remai ng problems.

20. How many miles would you have to drive to hear 43 songs? Show how you solve the problem
using units and conversion factors.

21. Using your amwer from # 20, how many minutes would this take? Again show how you solve the
problem using units and convercion factors.

22. Show how you can combine problems # 20 and # 2l into one. Draw a line tlrough any units that
cancel. Put your aaswer on the boatd.

23. Write a gmmmatically correct English sentence to describe which unit you will be left with in the
answer.

On your own
24. The average human heart beats 72 beats/minute. lfyou live to be 80 years old, how many times
does your heart beat. what conversion factors do you need to know to solve this problem. List
these conve$ion fhctors.

25. What units should the answer be in? What value would you use to begin the problem and rvhy?
Solve the problem and show your work. Includc all units and show cancellations ol'the units.
 PROPERTIES OF MATTER - READING GUIDE: WCPSS CHEMISTRY FLEXBOOK - CHEMISTRY HONORS

Read pages 50-68 to answer the following questions about the properties of matter.

1. Define - substancei

2. Define - physical property:

3. Llst 8 physical properties.

a,
b.

d. h.

4. Watch one of the 5 examples videos on page 51.

a. Describe the physical properties belng shown.

b. What did you find interesting about this example?

5. what are the dlfferences between extensive and intensive properties?

6. Give an example of each

a. Extensive property

b. lntensive property

7. In the three beakers below draw the particles of a solid, liquid & gas.

solid liquid gas

\--.-/
HChcm Pr.opertics of Mattcr Notes tlnit 1
Date: Bloch:
Scientifrc Notation

Scientific Notatiod is the way

Format:

Hints: If the number is than 1 the power is

If the number is thaD 1 the power is

Metric Convelsiong Chart

The of a measurement is dedved ftom the international syslem of units (or SI units).
These units can ircludc:

Tirne:

Length:

Nlass: lleat:

Name Symbol Size Factor #1 Factor #2

milli

centi

BASE

kilo

Mega

l
HChem Propedies ofMatter Notes Unit 1
Oue Step Metric Cotrversions

Going and your base.

Examples
a. Convert 3, 326 meters to kilometers
-
-

b. Convert 0.00562 grams to micrograms

c. Convert 45.0 meters/mins to meters/second

Multiple Step Metric Conversions

Going and then your base.

Example:
a Convert O.0394 ks tn ms
-

b. Convert 4,832 gL to cL

c. Convert 23 mph to feersec

HChem Accuracy, Precision, and Percent Error Practice Unit 1
Name: Date: Block:

Part I: A measurement was talen three times. The correct measurement was 68.1 mL. Circle whether the
set ofmeasurements is accurate, precise, both, or neither.

1. 78.1mL,43.9mL,2.0mL Accurate Precise Both Neither

2. 68.1 mL, 68.2 mL, 68.0 mL Accurate Precise Both Neither

3. 98.0 EL, 98.2 mL, 97.9 mL Accurate Precise Both Neither

4. 72.0 mL, 60.3 mL, 68.1 mL Accurate Preciee Both Neither

Part II: In each ofthe following questions, calculate the percent error. Show your work to get credit!

5. A student measured the string as 1.25 m long. The teacher said it was actually 2,12 m long. What
was the student's percent error?

6. The teacher said the volume of liquid was 500.0 mL. When measured, a student found it was 499.7
nlI-. Wlat was the student's percent error?

7. A standard mass of 250.0 g was placed on a balance. The balance said it has a mass of 243,9
graEs. What is the balance's percent errot?
HChem Nlctrics Practicc Unit 1
Name: [)ate:
Part I: (One Stcp) Perforrn the fbllowing metdc con.r'crsions. Sho*',vourrvork (anit to
"D':cllethi

1. 70 s = rns 5- 66.5 g= kg

2. 6523 cg= g 6. 0.0025'5 kg=-g

3. rr< -7rni1=_m/scc 7. 55 pL =

--L

4. ZzS g=-1* g. 75 g .r.gj=_kJ/sec

HChcm Nletrics Pr acticc Unit 1
part I1: (Multiple Step) Prefbrm the follo\,!.ing met c corrvcrsions. Put answer. in s.iontific nofrrion \rv-hen
applicable- Shoiv all work to receive crcdit.

1. 1-9 cm =

2. 0.000058 cg = milligrams

ll 26 4 micmsecoflds =

.1. ?20,000 ng = cg

5. 1411.8 mph =

6. 6.32x105kg= Megagrams
 PRoPERTIES oF MATTER - READING GUIDE: WCPSS CHEMISTRY FLEXBOO( - CHEM ISTRY HONORs

Read pages 50-68 to answer the following questions about the properties of matter.

8- Complete the following chart on solids, liquids & gases.

Property Solid Liquid Gas

Easily

Not Easily

9. What is the difference between a gas and a vapor?

10. Define physicalchange:

11. Describe 4 physical changes.

a. c.

b. d.

12. Watch the first video link on page 54 when iodine sublimes. Describe what you see.

13. Describe the two types of mixtures homogeneous & heterogeneous and give an example ofeach.
a.

b.

14. How would you separate two liquids verses a granular solid and liquid?

15. dentify the following as either a compound or an element:

a. Co e. Sugar
b- co- f. salt
g. Oxygen
d. Be(OH),-
 An Element Tale: The Gold Dust Kid Unit r
Namc: Date: Block:

l'ill in the blanks below with the approp ate element. Iteference tables are not allowedl!

The Kid mounted his trusty steed, old [B] His shooting [Fel

strapped to his side, he headed out for the brieht [Ne] lights of Toronto, aiming

to rob the mid-day stage. There was sure to be a load of precious [Ul aboard, and

plobably [X] too. lnhaling a deep breath of [O] he

coughed on the [Sl from the nearby mills- Since the [Hg]

was climbing, he quenched his thirst with some H:zO, tasthg the [Cl] all big cities

likeBrockvillehad.Asheheadednorthhisbonesachedfrom[Ca]-depositsbui1t
up over the years ofriding the [Znl trait. Overhead a [He]
-fllled balloon floated in the breeze; the 6un beat down lil<e burning [P]

Soon he spotted the stage, guarded only by a sheriffwith a [Sn]

badge. "Halt," he yelled. "or I'lt fill you fult of lPbJ " The sherilf drew his gun. but

alas, was too slow. The Kid's gun, blazing like flaming [Mg] did the [Cu]

in- Anyone rvho clrew on the Kid should know his lile wasn't worth a plugged [Ni]

btonde riding beside the [Al1 _&amed coach rode for

tPrl

her life when the Kid pulled out some INJ compounds. preparinB to blow rhe bale

to atoms. Suddenly, a shout rang out, "Hi Ho [AgJ and a masked rnan on a

white horse raced across the [Si] sands like [Na]

skittering on H::O. A [HJ bomb would not have stopped the lawman; the Kid

had met his doom. The lest of his life was to be speot behind [Co] steel bars, a

warning to all who flirt with danger. Your first detention may be the initial stcp in a [C]

copy life ofthe saga ofthe [Aul dust Kid.

-Author unknown
HChem Properties of Matter Notes Unit 1
Accuracy and Precieion

is a measure ofhow close a measurement comes to the

The measured value is being compsred to the

is a measure ofhow close a seties of meagurements are to one another-

You must compare the measured values of er more repeated measurements-

Example Probleme:

1. The true value of a sample of mpper pieces is 5.42 grams. Which set of numbere is most accurate?
a. 5, 6, 5.5 b. 5.42,5.5,5.4 c. 5.8, 5.3, 5.5

2. Which set of nuDbers ha6 the mo6t precision?

a. 10, 100, 1.0x10^4, 0.1 b. 1.2, 1.4, 1.3 c.2,3, 4

3. The true mass ofa partislly frlled bottle ofwater is 44 grams- Which set ofmeasurements is the
most precise and accurate?
a. 44.1C, 44.059, 43.9e b. 44g, 459, 439 c. 46.29, 46.1e, 46.1C

Error

Error is the difference between the and value6.

Percent error:

Example:
a. Ethaool has a boiling point of 78'C and you measure the temperaturc at boifing is 76.C. What is
the percent error of this measurement?
 Accumcy and Precision/Percent Ermr Worksheet L r 1

A measurement was taken three times. The correct measurement was 68.1 mL. Circle whether the
set ofmeasurements is accurate, precise, both, or neither.

a) 78.1 mL, 43 .9 mL, 2 mL accurate precise both neither

b) 68.1 mL, 68.2 ml, 68.0 nrl accumte precise both neither

c) 98.0 mL, 98.2 mL, 97.9 mL acquale precise both neither

d) 72.0 mL,60.3 mL,68.1 mL accurate precise both neither

In each ofthe following questions, calculale the percent error. Show your work!

l) A student measued the string as 1.25 m long. The teacher said il was actually 2.12 m long.
What was the student's percent elror? 141%l

2) The teacher said the volume ofliquid was 500.0 mL. When measued. a student fould it was
499.7 mL. Whar was the student's percent erlor? lo.06%l

3) A standard mass of250.0 g was placed on a balance. The balance said it had a mass of243.9
gams. What is the balancc's percent e[or? 12.4%]

4) A teacher calculated the percent ofsodium in the compound as 547u. The relcrcnce book
said it was actually supposcd to be 76%o. What was the teacher's percent error? 129%l

, There were 34 questions on a test. Even the best student in the class only got 22 corect.
Whal was the bst student's percent error? L3s%l
 Honors Chemistry: Metric System Project

Partl. Whyis it necessary to learn how to convert units in the metric system? Read this article and list at least
3 reasons why using complete sentences. I(pl4i!J!I199@b9tpp!qiE!

1.

2.

3.

Part ll. Size is Relative.

1. Find a picture of an item that is approximately the following sizes:

a. 1 meter (base unit)
b. '1 centimeter
c. 1 milimeter
d. l micrometer
e. 1 nanometer
f. l kilometer
g. 1 inch
h. l foot
2. Write a captiofl for each picture which includes the following:
a. The size ofthe item
b. How many of your item equals 1 meler.

3. Presentation Options
a. Poster
b. Book
c. Website
d. If you have another idea, get approval from teacher firstl

Due Date:
 5 4 3 2 1 0

Content Haa all8 Has 6'7 Has45 Has 2-3 1 Has 0

repaesented
accurately

Correct Has all I Has A7 Has+5 Has23 ,1

Has 0
Relationships
to Base Unit

Organization Has sllS Has 6-7 Has 4-5 Has 2-3 Has 1 Has 0

organizd organized organized organized organized organzed

Neatness/ Pictures I
Gtamma writing is near wdting is neat
and no spelling and 1-5 spelling and/or 1-5 and 6 10 neal and 6 10
Spelling or grammar or grafimar spelling or spellins or speliing or speii ng or

Creativity Uses at least 5 Uses al leasl 4 Uses al leesl 4 Uses al leasl 3 Uses ai least 2

black & while

printed or nicely pinted or laifly printed or lairly printed or pencil

2-3 are lo scale

sceled
 PROPERTIES OF MATTER - READING 6UIDE: WCPSS CHEMISTRY FLEXBOOK- CHEMISTRY HONORS

Read pages 50-68 to answer the following questions about the properties of matter.
16. Define chemical property:

17. List 5 chemicalchanges.

18. How is this different from a physical property?

19. A synonym to chemi.alchange is

20. List four indications a chemlcal change is occurring.

21. How could you tell that the mercury (ll) oxide has undergone a chemical change? (Youtube video on
paSe 66)

22. Classifythe following as either a physicalor chemical property of Nickel.

a. lt is Sray in color.
b- lt melts at 1455"C
c. lt reacts with acid
d. lt is a conductor of eledricity
e. lt forms a compound with oxygen
 Honors Chemistry - SiSnificant Figures POCIL I Unit I

Answer the questions below based on the tables provided. In this document, "SF" stands fot Signilicanl
Figures.

Group 1
Number # ofSF
,7
i
3.2 2
6.54
855

Critica| Thinking Questiot s

l. Engage in a group discussion that tries to determine whal pattem or rules exist between theNumbers
and # of SF listed in Group I and write dlat rule below...

2. How many SF's would be in the following numbers?

a. 95
b. 7.56 _
c.45256
Group 2
Number # ofSF
305 3
3005 4
6.05 3
6.005 4
9.05006 6
9.50006 6

3. Engage in a group discussion that tries to determine $hat paftem or mles cxist bet$een theNumbcrs
and # ofSF listed in Group 2 and \ .rite that rule belou'...

4. How many SF's would be in the following numbers?

a.35
b.'106
c. 35.06 _
d. 60.701 _
 llonors Chemistry Significant Figures POGIL Unil I

Group 4 Group 5
Group 3
Number # ofSF Number #ofSF
Number # ofSF 30. 2 I.0 2
30 1 300. 35.0 3
300 1 3000. 4 35.00 4
3000 1 10.0
100.00 5

5. Engage in a group discussion that tries to determine what pattem or rules exist between the Numbers
and # of SF listed in Groups 3, 4 & 5 and write that rule below...

6. How many SF's would be in the following numbers?

a. 722
b.702.05
c. 50
d.50.
e. 500
t 700
g. '7.700

Group 7
Group 6

Number # ofSF 1xl0'

0.1 I l} 2.0 x l0-'
0.020 2.
l} 2.13 x l0-'
0.00213 3 3.03 x 10-"
i}-
0.0303 3
2.060 x l0
2.060 x l0

7. Engage in a goup discussion that tries to determine what pattem or rules exist between the Numberr
and # of SF listed in Gtuups 6 & 7 and write that rule below...
 Ilonors Chenrisl.) Significart Iisurcs POCIL LJnit I

8. How many SF's would be in the followingnumbe$?

a.0.01
b.0.0023
c. 23.6 x 1Oa
d. 23.0 x 10{
e. 1.234 x 103

9. Now, condense all ofthe rules that you've !'t,T ltten above into the shortest, most condensed list as
possible that still applies to every group listed above. These rules must be gmmmatically conect.

Nou,, go to the board as dircctcd b-v the instructor and add -vour rules to the appropriate scction. After
thc class discussiol and cditing session. llrite the fina] SF rules on your nole card.

Exercises
Complete tlrc follo*ing table:

Number # ifSF Croop above (1-7) that this number

\r'ould lit irlto

2.307 4

5 4

5.230 )

2',71.2

1.750 x l0l 7

4 6

5000
 Honors Chemistry - Significant Figures POGIT- 1 Unit I

Exercises
the fo table:
Do the number ofSF match the example to the left (circle Yes
Number # ofSI or No)

8.020 3 Yes...No

0.21060 ) Yes...No

5.670 x l0ro 3 Yes...No

s000.00 5 Yes...No

Problems
l. lf you were to weigh a handful of 14 marbles and the entire lot weighed 17.3 g, what would each marble
*,eigh? As a g.oup, decide how many decimal places you should report in your answer.
Answer_g
2. Discuss as a group and explain why you decided on that number ofdecimal places? Use gftmmatically
cored sentences.

3. Do you think that there should be a standard number of decimal places reponed in answers to problems?
How would this benefi1/harm science as a whole? Discuss this as a group and explain. Use
grartunatically correct sentences.
Name Date Period
HS Chemistry POGIL Activity Topic: Density

What is density?
lYhy?
You'ye no doubt heard about denn^ily in science classes or in your everyday lilb- But v,hal does il reallymean
one obiecl l() he Llenser lhan anolhct?

Model and Volu

e{
I R'
t,

1 . How many dots are in the following cubes?

AI
A2

B1

B2
2. Based upon Model 1. what is mass?

3. What can you infer about how much mass each dot represents?

4. As volume increases on the graph's X-d\is, what changes about each cube? What evidence fiom Model
I snpports your thoughts?
 5. Use the following data to calculate the volume lbr each ofthe cubes. Remember that the formula for
calculating volume for a cube is lergth x width x height.

Object Length width Ileight Volume

AI 2cm 2 crn 2cfi
3.174 dn 3.174 cm 3.174 crn
BI 2cm 2cm 2 arn
B2 3.174 cm 3.174 cm 3.174 cn

6. According to your calculations, what would be the units for volume? Why?

7. With your group membe$, create yq!l!y! definition ofvolume.

8. What is similar about objects Al and A2?

9. What is similar about objects Bl and 82?

10. Based upon your prior knowledge for density and the ideas you surDmarized in questions 8 arld 9, create
a definition for density with your group members.

SUMMARIZING QUESTIoNS
lnstructions: Discuss these questions with your group. Write down your ideas. Leave space to add
additional ideas or thoughts you gain frofi lhe Summarizing Dlscusslon.

l. Which ofthe following objects is denser? Whichisless

/ ,/-------V
/t / t'-------V
/l dense?
Explain why h.......1 | 1....1 I

1........1 ll ll
t .......t I t .. .. I l
b......4/ t....t/
 on the graph below, a line has been added to show the density of water. Based upon its density' explain
which objects you think will sink and which will float and why.

3. Oil floats on top ofwater. Explain why and draw a pictue (using dots like in Model l) to show why this
is the case.

How can you calculate density?

whv?
calculate using the mass a d volume ofan

Model 2: Density Calculation S

Object Mass Volume Densitv

Object C

8 grams 5.33 nll 1.5 gamvml

20 grams 13.33 mL 1.5 grams/ml

;1. hvaluatc Model 2. What is the same betweer Obiect C and Objecl l)'l Wh] is this (bascd on lheir
pictures?

5. Ho\i is density calculated usiig thc mass al,ld Yolumc values?

6. Comc up with a lbrmula for calculating densily (based on the numbers in Modcl 2).

7. Do you think that objects C and D are made out ofthe same or dlt]'ercnt material? Explain using
cr idence liom Model l.

8. Complete the follo\.ring table using data from the graph prcscnted in Model 1, your volumc calculations
in question 5, and yol:r inlercnccs from Model 2.

Object Mass Volume I)ensitv

 9. Calculate density for the following objects:
a. A I 14 grdm box that has the dimensions: len$h =3 cm, width : 3 cm, height = 7cm

b. A rl)ck which has a mass of60 grams and a volume of20 mI

c. An unknown liquid *-ith a mass of l0 grams and a volume of l5 mL

More Practice Densitv Problems

Soh,e the Jbllowing problems showing all your work including equations and units.

l. Calculate the E4s! ofa liquid with a density of 3.2 g/ml and a volume of 25 mL. (answer = 80 g)

2. An irregular object with a mass of 18 kg displaces 2.5 L of water when placed in a large overflow
container. Calculate the density of the object. (answer = 7.2 kg/L o r 7 .2 lmL or 7 .2 !cm3)

3. A $aduated cylinder has a mass of80 g when empty. When 20 mL ofwater is added, the graduated
cylinder has a mass of 100 g. Ifa stone is added to the graduated cylinder, the water level rises to 45 mL
and the total mass is now 156 g. What is the dglgiq ofthe stone? (answer = 2.24 g/ml or 2.24 g/cn3)

Chemistry: Densiu Problerrrs sirtlar lo lhoselfound on the nexl tesl

For each problen beloh', write the equation and show yott \rork. Afuars use mits and box in your final an$,eL

L Thedensityofsilver(Ag)hl0.5glcm]. Findthe mass oI Ag that occu pies 965 cmr ofspace.

2. A 2.75 kg sample ofa substa,rce occupics a volume ol'250.0 cmr. Find its density in g/cmr.

3. Under ce(ain conditions, oxygen gas (O, has a density of0.00l14 g/ml. Find the volume occupied by 250.0 g ofOr
under the saDre conditions.

4. find tbe volume that 35.2 g ofcarbon tetrachloride (CCla) will occupy if ir has a density of 1.60 g/mL.
5. The density ofethanol is 0.789 g/mL. Find the mass ofa sample ofethanolthat has a volume of 150.0 mL.

6. 30.0 g ofeach ofthe following acids are needed. Find the volurne ofeach that must be measured out in a gmduated
cylinder.

A. hydrochloric acid (HCl), density = 1.164 g/nl

B. sulturic acid (H2SO,, density = I.834 g/ml

C. nitric acid (HNO), densiry: 1.251 g/m]-

7. A rectanguiar block of lead (Pb) measues 20.0 mm X 30.0 rDm X45.0 mm. Ifthe density ofPb is 11.34 g/cmr,
calculate the mass ofthe block.

E. Acubeofgold(Au)hasasidelengthofl.55cm. IfthesampleisfoundtohaveamassofTl.9g,findthedensiryof

9. An irregularly-shaped sample ofaluminum (Al) is put on a balance and found to have a massof43.6g. The studenl
decides to use the water-displacement method to find the volume. The initial volume reading is 25.5 mL and, after
the Alsample isadded, the water level has risen to 41.7 mL. Find the density ofthe Alsample in g/cmr. (Remember:
lmL=1cmr.)

10. lfyou tre su]e that a sample ofmaterial is aluminum but have no measuring instruments AND are not allowed to
handle the sample, how would you detemine the sample's density?

ll. Agashasamassof3lT5gardlakesupenoughspacetofillaroomthatis2.00mX2.00mX5.00m. Use the iable

below, which Iists densities in units ofg/ml- to help you determine what the gas is. (Hint: Change the units on the
size ofthe room.)

l_ l.0l r l0{ I Ag 25.E mL HCI 9. 2.69 glcnt

2. II gcmr 68, 16.4n[ H,SO I l. holiun
3. 1.87 x !05 nl, 6C. 24.0 nrl HNOr
22.0 nn 7. 306 g Pb
5. ll8.35se0ranol E, l9-3 s/cmr
HChem Properties of Matter Notes Unit 1
Significalt I'igrres

Signifrcant figures ('sig frgs") in muBt include all ofthe digits that are
known, plus an disit.

For example, on a ruler the lowest interval is millimeter, so you must estimate one digit past that
millimeter.

Zeros Rule!

1. Leadine ros: ZeroB to the LEI'T of a number Gn front of a non_zero aligit) are
signifrcant
Ex. 1: 0.0063

Ex. 2: 0083

2. Captive Zetos: 7,eros BETWXEN non-zero digits are signifrcant

Ex: 2083

3. Trafine Zeros Tvpe 1: Zeros to the RIGH'I ofa number and AI'TER a decimal place are
significant.
Ex:21.00

4. Trailins Zeros Ttpe 2: Zeros A.f,IER a non'zero number, but to the LEtr"T of a decimal are
signifrcant.
Ex:16,000

Practice:
Type of Zero(s) -A.mount olSig l'igs

520
^.
b.806.0
c. 023

d. 2.30 x 103

e.3.00

4
HChem Propefties of Matter Notes Unit 1

l. Addition and Subtraction places as the

The calculation should be rounded to the same number of
measurement with the number of decimal places-

Example:
1. 41.3 + 0.398 + 11.24 =

2. Find the total mass of 3 chocolate bars that have masses of 24-0 grams, 2 32 grams, and
1.743 grams,

IL Multiplication and Division

'fhe calculation should be rounded to the $ame number of frgures as
the measurement with the numher of signifroant figurcs.

Ilxample:
L 21.34 x 5.40 =

2. Calculate the volume of a box whose eides are 3.4 m' 2.04 m, and 4-7 m.

Density

Density is an property that depends only on the ofthe

substance, not on the size of the sample.

Density "D" = Units=

The deneity ofa substance usually when the temperature

The exception is

Dxamples:
a. A plastic ball with a volume of 19-7 cm3 has a mass of 15 8 grams- Would this ball sink or float in a
container of gasolire? Oensity of gasoline is 0.66'0 69 g/cm3)

b. What is the volume, in cubic centimeters, of a sarnple of cough syrup that has a mass of 50.0
grams? The density of cough sFup is 0 950 g/cm:r?
Demity Practice_Chemistry Holtorg
1. A rock has a mass ofzIO.O Srams anil occupies a volume of7o.O cm3. Wlat i3 it densitv?

2. An unl(nown liquid occupies a volume of 5.00 mL aIId ha a mass of 40.0 srad8. Find its densitv.

3. How does the volume occupied by a cubic centimete! (cm3) compare with t}le volume occupid by a dilliliter (mD?

4. A rectangular prism ofuDknown demity is 5.00cm long,4.00 ce high and 2.00 cm wide. The mass ofthis solid is
300.0 granls. Given this inforEation fo! this homogeneous material, calculate its density. Hint: Find the voluDe of
the rectangdar prism fiist.

5- A rcck has a density of 4.00 g/ml and a mass of 16.0 grams. Wtat is the voluEe this mck occupies?

6. An unlnown subetance froa planet X has a demity of 10.o g/ml. It occupies a volume oI80.0 ml. What is the mass
of this unlnown substance?

7. Using the iEage below, answer the fouowing questions.

80
'70 J..
o arurninum(9) J.
60

50
0
940
E:o
20

10

0
123456?89
a. Find the slope of tbe copper. Find the density of the copper. What rntemive property dos slope represent?

b. What is the density of the alusinum? Wllich rbetal is denser?

8. Uee the table below to answer the following questions:

Substance Density at 20 'C Substance Density at 20 "C

0.70 g/cm r Rubber 1.34 g/cm3
Corn oil O.92 g/cmr Corn Syrup 1.38 g/cmrr
1.00 g/cm3 Copper 8.80 g/cmn

a. An object with a mass of24.0 g and a volurDe of 32.0 mL is most Likely what substance?

b. What is t}Ie only object in the table that would sinL in corn syrup?

c. What ie the mass of 100-0 mL of coln oil?

d. W1lat is the volume of 35.0 I of copper?

 Phase Diagram POGIL - Chemistry Honors Unit 1
Name:-_-Date:
Model 1

PHASE DIAGRAM
eq'nlDru$

/
POINI

TRIPLE POINT

r (c)

A phase diagram is a graphical way to summarize the conditions under which equilibda exist between the
different states ofmatter- It also allows us to predicl the phase ofa substance that is stable at a.ny given
temperature and pressue.

Critical Thinking Questiotrs

1. What Label is on the x-axis?

2. \Vhat Label is on the y-axis?

3. List the three phases ofmatter that are on the diagram.

4. At which point do all three phases on the diagram meet?

5. In your own words, deflne what you thiDk the t ple point is.

6. The line extending from the triple point to the critical point stops. What does this mean in terms of
phase change?

7. In your own words, define what you think the critical point is.
Model 2
Phasc Diagram for Water

.1, :

a.6 mm, O.@aloc

PHASE DTAGRAM OF H2O

Normal Melting and Boiling Points

ooc

Critical Thinking Questions

8. Identifu the following points: A,B,C,D

9. lfthe line AD reprcscnts the melting,,f-reezing linc for water. \rhat \rould the AB linc rcprcsent? Whar
rlould thc AC line represent'?
 10. Civen the phase diagram above, what phase would water be in if ir had the following properties:
a. 50 oC, and 0.5 atm pressue

b- -50oC, and 0.5 atm pressue

c. 125 o,
and 1.0 atm pressue

Model 3

a
9l

0t rmqa
T.nFmM (!d ro $&)

11. ln the diag.am above, what do (s), (l), and (g) represent?

Using the phase diagram ofthe liquid above, describe any changes in phase present when H2O is:

12. kept at 0'C while the pressure is increased ftom I atm to 5atm (vertical line)

13. Kept at 1.00 atm while the temperarure is increased from 0 oC 10 125 'C. (ho zontallire)
HChem Propertics of M:itter Notes Unit 1
Phase Diagramg

The is the point at which ihe prcssure and the tempcrature of al1 th'_ee
of exist simultaneousl).

The is ihe pressure and the tcmperature at which the distinction

and can no longer be made.

the plase diagram is

slopped line between &

All other substances have a sloped Line bet\\.een the solid and liquid phase
r\t standard pressure. {or water:

Nlclting point = 11cezing point =

Bojling point - co densing point =

6
 Honors Chemistry
Graphing a Phase Diagram
Name: Date: Block:

Using the data below, gaaph a pha8e diagram of an unknown subatance. Remember to include a titte, y &
x axi8 titles, y & x axis units, and have your graph take up the majordtjr ofthe page.

Important Temperature Pressure

Points ec) (atm)

20.0 o.75

5o.o 2.O

100.0 2.75

70.0 2.50

70.0 3.U

90.0 4.O

tdple point 60.0 2.1

critical point 140.0

1. Label the following on the phase diagram.

so1id, Iiquid, gas, triple point, critical point

2. Define the following phase changes and identify if they are endothermic or exothermic..
sublimation:

deposition:

vapolization:

condensation:

melting:

freezing:
HChem Properties of \rlaltcr Notes Unit 1
Phase Changes

Endothermic:

Phase changes:

Uxothermic:

Phase changes:

Heating and Cooling Curves Word Bank

Solid, Liquid. (ias
Heating (lurre: API', AKE
Endothermic, Llxothermic

Cooling Curve:

7
 Honors Chemistry
Heating Curve of Water Actlvity
Name: Date: Time and Temperature Data
for Wutr
Watel molecules ha.!.e a -qtrong attraction ro one
enother-. Because ofthis property. water has Time Temperature Time Temperature
higl melting and boiling points and a high (mirr) fc) (min) ('c)
specific heat- In this activit)-, you \\'ill plot the
hcating cun'e of and explain what each u 13 100
'vater
part of the curve represents at the molecular I 0 L4 100
level. 2 0 15 100
9 16 100
4 26 1? 100
Use the data in thc table to plot (on graph papcr) 5 42 1a 100
a heating curve of temperaturc velsus tlme lbr a 6 58 19 100
180_9 sample of\r'ater as it is heated at a 1 71 20 100
constart rate from '20'C to 120'O. Dra$, a line 8 83 21 100
nrnnecting the points. Note the tirne required for I 92 22 100
water to pass through each segment olthe graph. 10 98 100
11 100 24 100
12 t00 25 120

Tbink Critically: A.aswer the following questione iE conpleteBntences. Staple your graph to the back of
tbis worksheet
1. w1lat experimental factors would affect the lengths of the flat regions of the graph?

2. \lhat cxperimental factors would allcct the slope of the cuNe between the flat regions?

3. Analyze each olthe fire regions ofthe graph (1ahd them A E), rvhich are distinsuished by an abrupt
changc jn slope. For each segment, indicate what is phvsically happcninq to thc moleculcs (for
example, boiling), whcthe]. it is a change that nakes the molecules move I:rster or lirrther :rr1I]|. ;rnd
if the change in energt is kinctic oI potcntial.

B,

C.

D.

E-
 Honors Chemistry
Heating Curve of Water Activity
On your graph put the following labels where appropriate:
Endothermic, exothermic, APE, AKE, q=mCAT, q=mH*p, q=mHr,., C=2.05 I /9"C, C=4.18
1/9"C, C=2.021/*C, 334ll/8, 22601lg, solid,liquid, gas, fusion, vaporization

Calculate the total heat enerry required for this heating curve below. Show all work and use your
graph to help youl
 Properties of Matter Warm Up
Name: Date: Block:

Choose words from the list to frll in the blanks in the paragraphs.

chemical property intensive property compound physical property

mixture element property extensive property
heterogeneous matter homogenous matter substance

Matter has uniform characteristics throughout is called(l)

Matter that has parts with different characteristics is called
-. 1.

Q) A characteristic by which a va ety of matter is

recognized is called a(d (3)-. A characteristic that 2.

-. upon the amount ofmatter in the sample is called a(n)

depends
(d-. A characteristic that does not depend upon the amount
of matter is called a(n) (0)-. A characteristic that can be
observed without producing new kinds of matter is called aG)
(6)-. A characteristic that depends on how a kind of matter
changes suring interactions with other kind6 of matter is called
(7)_.
Matter can also be classified according to the basic types of 6.
matter it contains. A simple subEtance that cannot be broken down
into other substances by chemical means is caled (8)_. A 1.

chemical combination of simple substances is called (9)-. A

physical combinaiioo of difrerent substarces that retain their 8.
(10)-.
individual properties is called a(d Either an element or
a compound may be refered to as a(n) (11)_. 9.

t0.

11.
POGIL - Heat, Temperature & Calorimetry

Puroose
To understand the relationship and distinguish between heat and temperature.

Part 1: Heal & Temoeratuae

Hoat deals with energy flow. Temporatuaa is a ratio of eneagy per molecule. The two are very ditferent. For
instance, a Fourth-of-July sparkler emitg sparks with temperatures hovering around 2000 0C, but the actual amount
of heat received when a spark lands on ones hand or face is very small. High tempeaature means a high ratio of
energy per molecule. Relatively few molecules comprise the white-hot matter that makes up the sparks of the
sparkler.

Heat is measured in units of energy, most commonly the/bule. Heat is also commonly measured in calories or
Calories. lt is useful to note that 1 Calorie = 1000 calories = 4184 Joules.

Tempe,alurc is measuaed in degrees. Temperature is most commonly measured in degrees Ce/s,t s or Kervrhs,
and less commonly in degtees Fahrenheit. lnterconversions between temperature scales are common and can be
determined using the equations below:

l<-C + 273-15 F=1.8C+32

Where K = Kelvins, C = degrees Celsius and F = degrees Fahrenheit

Critical Thinkino Questions. Part 1:

1. How are the sparks from a sparklerthat strike your skin akin to tiny droplets of boiling water striking your
skin?

2. A single Cheeto, having a mass of 1.89, contains 5.9 Calories. How many joules of energy are contained
in the cheeto?

3. Which substance boils at a higher temperature, ethanol (BP = 351 2 K) or methyl mercaptan (BP = 253 4
oF)? Explaln.

4. Which .epresents a great change in temperature, a change of '1 degree Fahrenheit or 1 degree Celsius?
Explain.
Pari 2: Calorimetrv

Calorimetry involves the measurement of heat flow lrom one object (often the system) to another (often the
sunoundings). We will assume that a calo meter is a closed system where all the energy released/absorbed by an
object is absorbedheleased by the water in the calorimeter. lfthe mass of the water is known, the temperature
change of the water can be used to determine the amount of heat energy released/absorbed. The simplest
calorimeters consist of an insulated container, lid, stirring device, and thermometer or temperature probe. A
sample is shown in figure 1 below:

Heat losi.b&d = Heat gained'$,

ligrl! I
Equation for the calculation of heat is: q = mCAT

q = heat released in Joules

m = mass of water in the calorimeter in grams
c = specific heat capacity (!.9!:9!!!9I-Ii-3ICEpCIA!UIS)
AT = [final temperature - initial temperature] (absolute value)

Kev Questions. Part 2:

1. What is the numericalvalue and units otthe specific heat capacity of wate,

2. What informaton does the specific heat capacity of water provide?

3 How can the heal re eased into some mass ofwater be calcu ated from the specific heai capacrty ofwater and
the change in temperaiure of the water? Answer in words not with an equat on.
critical Thinkinq Exercises. Part 2:
Answer Exercises1-5 based upon the passage thatfollows.

A calorimeter was used to measure the heat released by when dissolving of a sample of sodium hydroxide. The
oC.
calorimeter contained 10O.OO g of water at an initial temperature of 1O.O When the reaction was finished the
ofthe water increased to 75 0 C The heat ca is 4.184 J/q oC

1- Write the mass of water (m) indicated in the passage.

2 Write the change in temperaiure (AT) ndicated rn the passage

3 Write the correct mathematical set-up forthe calculaton of heat (q)? (Substitute the approprrate values for fil C
and AT in the equation )

4 What is the heat quantrty released by the chemicalchange? (lnclude correct unit label)

5. lf a substance with a /argerspecific heat capacity than water were used in the experiment, identfy whether AT
would be larger or smaller ExpLain.

Conclusrons

Wrte a paragraph rn clear complete sentences that addresses the fo lowing questrons:

I How do heat and temperature differ?

a What relat onsh p exists between heai and iemperature?
What does the specific heat capacity of a substance tell you?
I lf the same heat quantity is Aansferred io two samples ofwater one whrch contains three t mes as much
mass how will the temperature changes of the two samples differ?
HChem Properties of Matter Notes Unit 1
TeEperatu.re vs. Heat

The is the average kinetic energy of all the molecules in a sample.

Absolute zero is when all stops. 0 Kelvh= Celsiu,q

is a form ofenergy that flows between of

of their temperature. Heat flows from areas of temperature
to areas of temperatule.

Law of Coleervation of Energy

States energy cannot be but it can be

-because
energy (PE) is energy contained in a sample due to the
forces between molecules.

energy (KE) is the energy of (how thst molecules movc).

Quaatitiee of Ileat
There are two different equations to calculate amounts of heat energy.

Calorimetry / Heating or Cooling Heat of Phase Change

tH = q = mC AT e =m H,op 01' q:ln Hts

AT= Hn- =

Special Constants for Water (all found on your reference table)

Crqua*"..= H',e-

Ci* = Hn.-

li
Phase Changes
r. What quantity of heatis required to vaporize600. grams ofwaterat 100"C? (1356 kJ)

2. Aquantity ofwatervaporat 100oC is condensed to liquid waterat'l00oC. This process

releases 6.50 x104J of energy. What mass of water has been condensed? (28.89)

3. Howmuch heat(in kJ) is released when 85.0gof liquid water freezes to ice, atooc? (28.4kJ)

4. What quantity of ice, at ooc, will be melted by 6.8 x 104 J of energy? (2049)
CW: Quantities of Heat
Specific Heat
'1. lf 259 of liquid water is heated from 10.0"C to 25.0'C, what is the heat change in Joules?
ls this an endothermic change or an exothemic change? ('1600 J, endothermic)

2. Whal mass of water can be heated from 45.0"C to 70.0oC by the addition of 875
calories? (359)

3. lf 700.0 g of water at 90.0oC loses 27 kJ of heat energy, what is its final

temperature? (81oC)

4. Aquantityof water is heated from 10.0oCto50.0oC. During the process,50.0 kJ of heat

energy is added to the water. How many grams of water are heated? (299.9)
 Phase Diagram Worksheet
Refer to the phase diagram below when answering the questions on this
worksheet:

2.00

1.75

?I r.so

E 1.00

o.75
=
d 0.50

0.25

0.00

Iellrpernlllre 1{leurees C)

1) What is the normal freezing point of this substance?

2) What is the normal boiling point of this substance?

3) What is the triple point of this substance?

4' lf I had a quantity of this substance at a pressure of 1.25 atm and a

temperature of 3000 C and lowered the pressure to 0.25 atm, what phase
transition(s) would occur?

5) At what temperature do the gas and liquid phases become

indistinguishable from each other?

6) lf I had a quantity of this substance at a pressure of 0.75 atm and a

temperature of -'1000 C, what phase change(s) would occur if I increased
the temperature to 6000 C? At what temperature(s) would they occur?

For chemistry help, visit www.chemfiesta.com @ 2007 Cavalcade Publishing, All Rishts ReseNed
HChem Propcrl.ics of \'Iatter Notes Unit 1
Heatirg Curve

Calorimeters & Transferring of Heat

a. -r\ccordi[g 1() the 1a1v of energy (heat) cannot be created
nor destroyed.
b. So, ifyou put a hot metal into cold water what happens to the heat?

c. What gains heat?

d. Wlat loses heat?

e. How much heat does the water gain?

ll \Vhat is the final tcrmpcraturc of thc water compared to the metal?

This c.rn be used to calculate the specific hcat 'C" of metals.

Examples:
a- (Heating Ourve) 12.5 grans of \a'atcl is hcated from 30'C to 50'C. Horv nruch heat energv $ ils
requirr:d to do thi s?

9
HChem Properties ofllatter Notcs UDit 1

b. (He:rt of phase cthangd A 25 gram piece of ice undergoes fusion to liquid watcr at 0"c1. Horv mur:h
beat energl'did this take?

c. (Tota] F)nergy oflleating Curve) A ?.4g piccc ofice is heated from 5.00 "C to 120.0 "C. How much
cnc}.g,v does it take to do this? (Flint: Dra$'tle heating curwe FIRST)

d. (Calrrimetry) .\ piece ol metal with a mass of 4.68 g decrcases its temperatrue ftom 90.0 "(l to
30.0 't' u'hen placed into 25.0 g of w atcr- at 25-0 "C, what is thc specjfic he:rt of the metal?

e. (\[ater and Un]<nown Nletal) -\ piecc ot' rnetal rvith a mass of 6.889 dccrcascs its tcmpcratule flom
100.0 "tl to 50.0"C * her places in io 15.0 g of \r.ater at .10.0 "C, what is tle specitic heat of the
trletal?

l0
 Honors Chemistrv
Test Review Packet
Name: Date: Block:

Part I: Metric Conversione (answer in scientfic notation and show work!)

1- 145 g =-me

2. :J.56x10r mL =_L

3. 1.2 kL =_nL

4. 5,820 pm =

Properties of Matter Reading Gtride

Know all of it!

Part II: Accuracy & Precision

1. A measurement was talen three times. The correct measurement was 68.1mL. Detelmine ifthe
following student data is accurate, precise, both or neither.

a. 78.1 mL, ,13.9 mL, 2 mL

b. 68.1 mL, 68.2 mL, 68.0 mL
c. 98.0 mL, 98.2 mL, 97.9 mL
d. 72.0 mL, 60.3 mL, 68.1 mL

Part III: Percent Eror

1- A student measured the shing as 1.25mlong. The teacher said itwas actually 2.12 m lonq. What
was the student's percent erfor?
 Honors Chemistry
Test Review Packet

2. 'l'hc teacher sajd the volume of liquid $ as i00.0 rnJ-. Whcn measured, a studcnt tbund it rl as
,199.7 mL. What was the student's percent error?

3. Therc arc 7:i questions on your test but you onll, got 65 corrcct. \\rh:rt $'as l'ou pelcent cl'ror?

Part IV: Significant Figules

Record how man-v signifrcant ligures ;ire in each number or'rccord thc answer to the correct number of
significant figures.

1.5.068
2. U0. otll-)
3. L0001
,1.0.000iJ5

5. 1, crn + 0 031 crn + i.969 -

il. 150.0mx 1.(X)m=

Part V: Density
1. t'ind thc density olthe {ollowing substances. Sholr' all work!
SAMPLE NL{SS (e) VOLUME (cm,) Densitv (g/om3)
I 6.09 3.50

2 116.9 8.60

:) 'i 4.97 10 5
 Honors Chemistry
Test Review Packet
2. Graph the following data. Label your graph with a title and the axis as volume'x axis and mass -y
axis with units! Find the density of this substance by using your line ofbeet frt (Chocolate Bar
Density Lab).

Volume (mI) Mass Q)

0.07 5.0
'L.4
10.0
2.1 15.0
2.8 20.0
3.5 25.0

3. What is volume ofcopper when it's density is 8.92 g/ml- and the mass is 13.56 grams?

Part YI: Heating & Cooling

Curves
120
l. Label the heating curve
(to the righD with the
following information:

APE, AKE, q=mo T,

q=mH*e, q=mH6*, C=2.05 o
Jlg"C, C=4.1AJtg'C, C=2.o2 A,
abu--
J/C"C, 3A4 Jle, 2260 JlC, E
6,
solid, liquid, gas, melting, F
vaporization 30

2.Wlat is the melting point?

3.Wlat iB the freezing
point? Time (minules)
4. wllat is the vaporizatior
point?
5. Is this an endothermic or exothermic curve?
6. What temperature range oI the graph has molecules moving the most?
7. W}Iat temperature range ofthe graph has molecules moving the least?
 Honors Chemistry
Test Review Packet
Part VII: Phase Diagrams and Changes

1. Label the diagram with:

Solid, Uquid, Gas, Critical point, Triple point, normal melting point, normal boiling point
(remember normal boiling point and melting point alwayB occurs at the standard pressure which is
1.0 atm).

1.O

t:r.5

ll.

o
-15" -r O"
Tempemture (eC)
2. What endothermic phase change occurs along line A?

3. What exothermic phase change occurs along line B?

4. Wlat endothermic phase change occurs along Iine C?

Part VIII: Theroodynamics

For each problem draw the heat or cooling curve and record your variablee in the spaces provided.

Finding AH:
1. The specfic heat capacity of aluminum is 0.878 J/g. 'C. Calculate the energy
required to raise the temperature of225 g ofaluminum by 184 .C (this is the
change in temperature).
 Honors Chemistry
Test Review Packet

2. llo\1.muchheatis rcquired to raise thc remperarurc ot'5-o0x 10, gof aluminum b5'45.0"c'? (specific
heat ofatuminum = 0.878 J/g"(l)

Findillg C:
3. Tttakes22,736joulcsolenergytoraisethetemperatureofi)IIgofcopperhv181'(1
What is the specific he:rt capacity of coppcr?

,1. It takes .14,056 loules ofenergl io raisc the ter pcratule of 225.3.5g r:rf a piece ofmetal
iiom 25-0 C to 450.(l "(1. What is the specific heat capacit)- of this metal?

Iiinding AT and Tr
5. -{ssume ,144.55 joules ofhcat :rre added to B 50 g ofwaler originallv at 25.0'C. \\'hat \r-ould he the
linal temperature ofthe water? (Notc: Find AT lirst then frnd the final tempcratule)
Note: The specific hc:rt capacity ofx'ater ='1.18'1J/g"C
 Honors Chemistry
Test Review Packet
6. Use the following in{ormation in Part A to complete all problems in Part B.
A. Sketh a heating curve of 225,0 g ofice at' 25.0 "C being heated to sieam at 130.0 oC. Make sure
that the graph is labeled properly and that you indicate the temperature at which water boils and
melts on the graph.

B. Calculate the energy for each phase then flnd the total energy. The constants below can also be
found on your chemistry reference table.
(AHr"= 334 J/g , AH*p = 2260 Jle , Cia= 2.o5 J/Q 'C), Cuq,ia= 4.18 J/(g "C), and C"u".= z.o2 Jl(e'C))

7.) A piece of metal with a mass of 31.6 g decreases its temperature ftom 85.2 'C to 4I.9 'C when
placed ir 30.0 g ofwater at 30.0 "C, what is the specific heat of the metal?