Table D-7 (continued)

Gas-saturated conditions

Pressure Compressibility RSW Density Sp. Gr. Gradient Viscosity

(psia) (psi 1 ) FVF (bbl/bbl) (ft3/bbl) (lb/ft3) (air = 1.000) (psi/ft) (cP)
8000 0.268492E-05 1.0237 60.99 65.3742 1.0473 0.4540
7000 0.273038E-05 1.0258 50.29 65.2393 1.0451 0.4531
6000 0.276266E-05 1.0274 40.77 65.1363 1.0435 0.4523
5500 0.277716E-05 1.0281 36.46 65.0916 1.0428 0.4520
5000 0.279154E-05 1.0288 32.45 65.0492 1.0421 0.4517
4500 0.280622E-05 1.0294 28.70 65.0079 1.0414 0.4515
4000 0.282139E-05 1.0301 25.20 64.9664 1.0408 0.4512
3500 0.283705E-05 1.0308 21.92 64.9239 1.0401 0.4509
3000 0.285298E-O5 1.0315 18.82 64.8798 1.0394 0.4506
2500 0.286876E-05 1.0322 15.84 64.8337 1.0386 0.4502
2000 0.288371E-05 1.0330 12.94 64.7855 1.0379 0.4499
1500 0.289690E-05 1.0338 10.06 64.7353 1.0371 0.4496
1000 0.290715E-05 1.0346 7.11 64.6835 1.0362 0.4492
750 0.291074E-05 1.0350 5.60 64.6572 1.0358 0.4490
500 0.291305E-05 1.0355 4.04 64.6306 1.0354 0.4488
250 0.291386E-05 1.0359 2.43 64.6040 1.0350 0.4487
15 0.291307E-05 1.0363 0.85 64.5791 1.0346 0.4485
 Table D-8
Reservoir Formation Water PVT Properties14 (reservoir temperature, T = 2000F and total dissolved solids, TDS = 0.20: base
pressure,/?^ = 14.70 psia; base temperature, Tsc = 600F; specific gravity, Sp. Gr. = 1.1311; density of pure water at standard
conditions = 62.42 lb/ft3; density of brine water at standard conditions = 70.61 lb/ft3)

Gas-free conditions

Pressure Compressibility RSW Density Sp. Gr. Gradient Viscosity

(psia) (psi 1 ) FVF (bbl/bbl) (ft3/bbl) (lb/ft3) (air - 1.000) (psi/ft) (cP)

8000 0.218482E-05 1.0165 27.38 69.4615 1.1128 0.4824 0.4275

7000 0.224948E-05 1.0196 22.57 69.2483 1.1094 0.4839 0.4281
6000 0.228296E-O5 1.0226 18.30 69.495 1.1062 0.4795 0.4281
5500 0.229403E-05 1.0240 16.37 68.9550 1.1047 0.4789 0.4279
5000 0.230405E-05 1.0253 14.56 68.8634 1.1032 0.4782 0.4277
4500 0.231474E-05 1.0267 12.88 68.7743 1.1018 0.4776 0.4275
4000 0.232760E-05 1.0280 11.31 68.6871 1.1004 0.4770 0.4272
3500 0.234385E-05 1.0292 9.84 68.6012 1.0990 0.4764 0.4270
3000 0.236449E-05 1.0305 8.45 68.5161 1.0976 0.4758 0.4268
2500 0.239026E-05 1.0318 7.11 68.4311 1.0963 0.4752 0.4267
2000 0.242166E-05 1.0331 5.81 68.3452 1.0949 0.4746 0.4265
1500 0.245893E-05 1.0344 4.51 68.2577 1.0935 0.4740 0.4264
1000 0.250208E-05 1.0358 3.19 68.1676 1.0920 0.4734 0.4263
750 0.252580E-O5 1.0365 2.51 68.1212 1.0913 0.4731 0.4263
500 0.255087E-O5 1.0372 1.81 68.0738 1.0905 0.4727 0.4263
250 0.257723E-05 1.0380 1.09 68.0252 1.0898 0.4724 0.4262
15 0.260310E-05 1.0387 0.38 67.9784 1.0890 0.4721 0.4261
 Table D-8 (continued)

Gas-saturated conditions

Pressure Compressibility RSW Density Sp. Gr. Gradient Viscosity

(psia) (psi 1 ) FVF (bbl/bbl) (ft3/bbl) (lb/ft3) (air = 1.000) (psi/ft) (cP)

8000 0.238565E-05 1.0258 60.99 68.8313 1.1027 0.4780

7000 0.240981E-05 1.0280 50.29 68.6830 1.1003 0.4770
6000 0.242345E-O5 1.0297 40.77 68.5701 1.0985 0.4762
5500 0.242917E-05 1.0304 36.46 68.5216 1.0977 0.4750
5000 0.243518E-05 1.0311 32.45 68.4758 1.0970 0.4755
4500 0.244201E-05 1.0318 28.70 68.4314 1.0963 0.4752
4000 0.245005E-05 1.0325 26.20 68.3871 1.0956 0.4749
3500 0.245956E-05 1.0332 21.92 68.3420 1.0948 0.4746
3000 0.247061E-O5 1.0339 18.82 68.2954 1.0941 0.4743
2500 0.248310E-O5 1.0346 15.84 68.2468 1.0933 0.4740
2000 0.249673E-05 1.0354 12.94 68.1962 1.0925 0.4736
1500 0.251102E-O5 1.0362 10.06 68.1434 1.0917 0.4732
1000 0.252528E-05 1.0370 7.11 68.0890 1.0908 0.4729
750 0.253214E-05 1.0374 5.60 68.0613 1.0903 0.4727
500 0.253822E-05 1.0378 4.04 68.0334 1.0899 0.4725
250 0.254470E-05 1.0363 2.43 68.0054 1.0894 0.4723
15 0.254984E-05 1.0387 0.85 67.9791 1.0890 0.4721
 Table D-9
Reservoir Formation Water PVT Properties14 (reservoir temperature, T = 2000F and total dissolved solids, TDS = 0.30; base
pressure psc 14.70 psia; base temperature, Tsc = 600F; specific gravity, Sp. Gr. = 1.721; density of pure water at standard
conditions = 62.42 lb/ft3; density of brine water at standard conditions = 72.97 lb/ft3)

Gas-free conditions

Pressure Compressibility RSW Density Sp. Gr. Gradient Viscosity

(psia) (psi-1) FVF (bbl/bbl) (ft3/bbl) (lb/ft3) (air = 1.000) (psi/ft) (cP)

8000 0.186768E-O5 1.0176 17.87 71.7131 1.1488 0.4980 0.5070

7000 0.194862E-05 1.0204 14.73 71.5082 1.1456 0.4966 0.5082
6000 0.199856E-05 1.0230 11.94 71.3282 1.1427 0.4953 0.5081
5500 0.201748E-O5 1.0242 10.68 71.2449 1.1413 0.4949 0.5078
5000 0.203487E-05 1.0253 9.50 71.1650 1.1401 0.4942 0.5074
4500 0.205226E-05 1.0265 8.41 71.0876 1.1388 0.4937 0.5070
4000 0.207096E-05 1.0276 7.38 71.0117 1.1376 0.4932 0.5066
3500 0.209204E-05 1.0286 6.42 70.9367 1.1364 0.4926 0.5063
3000 0.211630E-05 1.0297 5.51 70.8619 1.1352 0.4921 0.5060
2500 0.214431E-05 1.0308 4.64 70.7864 1.1340 0.4916 0.5057
2000 0.217639E-05 1.0319 3.79 70.7098 1.1328 0.4911 0.5056
1500 0.221261E-05 1.0331 2.96 70.6313 1.1315 0.4905 0.5053
1000 0.225279E-05 1.0343 2.08 70.5503 1.1302 0.4899 0.5052
750 0.227424E-05 1.0349 1.64 70.5088 1.1295 0.4897 0.5051
500 0.229651E-05 1.0355 1.18 70.4665 1.1289 0.4894 0.5050
250 0.231949E-05 1.0361 0.71 70.4233 1.1282 0.4891 0.5049
15 0.234166E-05 1.0368 0.25 70.3819 1.1275 0.4888 0.5048
 Table D-9 (continued)

Gas-saturated conditions

Pressure Compressibility RSW Density Sp. Gr. Gradient Viscosity

(psia) (psi"1) FVF (bbl/bbl) (ft3/bbl) (lb/ft3) (air = 1.000) (psi/ft) (cP)

8000 0.194914E-05 1.0236 60.99 71.2876 1.1420 0.4951

7000 0.200925E-05 1.0259 50.29 71.1265 1.1394 0.4939
6000 0.205152E-05 1.0277 40.77 71.0044 1.1375 0.4931
5500 0.206923E-05 1.0284 36.46 70.9521 1.1366 0.4927
5000 0.208591E-05 1.0291 32.45 70.9031 1.1359 0.4924
4500 0.210231E-05 1.0298 28.70 70.8558 1.1351 0.4921
4000 0.211901E-05 1.0305 25.20 70.8089 1.1344 0.4917
3500 0.213643E-05 1.0312 21.92 70.7614 1.1336 0.4914
3000 0.215485E-05 1.0319 18.82 70.7126 1.1328 0.4911
2500 0.217437E-05 1.0326 15.84 70.6518 1.1-320 0.4907
2000 0.219494E-05 1.0334 12.94 70.6089 1.1312 0.4904
1500 0.221635E-05 1.0342 10.06 70.5540 1.1303 0.4900
1000 0.223825E-05 1.0351 7.11 70.4972 1.1294 0.4896
750 0.224923E-05 1.0356 5.60 70.4683 1.1289 0.4894
500 0.226015E-05 1.0359 4.04 70.4391 1.1284 0.4892
250 0.227094E-05 1.0363 2.43 70.4099 1.1280 0.4890
15 0.228090E-05 1.0368 0.86 70.3842 1.1275 0.4888
 Table D-IO
Reservoir Formation Water PVT Properties14 (reservoir temperature T = 3000F and total dissolved solids, TDS = 0.10; base
pressure psc = 14.70 psia; base temperature, Tsc = 600F; specific gravity, Sp. Gr. = 1.721; density of pure water at standard
conditions = 62.42 lb/ft3; density of brine water at standard conditions = 66.92 lb/ft3)

Gas-free conditions

Pressure Compressibility RSW Density Sp. Gr. Gradient Viscosity

(psia) (psi 1 ) FVF (bbl/bbl) (ft3/bbl) (lb/ft3) (air = 1.000) (psi/ft) (cP)

8000 0.278618E-05 1.0417 18.57 64.2415 1.0291 0.4461 0.2497

7000 0.288982E-05 1.0471 17.70 63.9103 1.0238 0.4438 0.2498
6000 0.295619E-05 1.0520 16.57 63.6167 1.0191 0.4418 0.2497
5500 0.298286E-05 1.0542 15.90 63.4833 1.0170 0.4409 0.2496
5000 0.300549E-05 1.0562 15.17 63.3580 1.0150 0.4400 0.2494
4500 0.302899E-05 1.0582 14.36 63.2400 1.0131 0.4392 0.2493
4000 0.305401E-05 1.0601 13.47 63.1282 1.0113 0.4384 0.2491
3500 0.308198E-05 1.0619 12.46 63.0212 1.0096 0.4377 0.2490
3000 0.311405E-05 1.0636 11.33 62.9175 1.0079 0.4369 0.2489
2500 0.315116E-05 1.0654 10.05 62.8155 1.0063 0.4362 0.2488
2000 0.319398E-05 1.0671 8.58 62.7131 1.0047 0.4355 0.2488
1500 0.324294E-05 1.0689 6.91 62.6083 1.0030 0.4348 0.2487
1000 0.329821E-O5 1.0708 4.98 62.4986 1.0012 0.4340 0.2487
750 0.332820E-05 1.0718 3.91 62.4413 1.0003 0.4336 0.2486
500 0.335972E-05 1.0728 2.76 62.3817 0.9994 0.4332 0.2486
250 0.339273E-05 1.0738 1.53 62.3196 0.9984 0.4328 0.2486
15 0.342507E-05 1.0749 0.28 62.2587 0.9974 0.4324 0.2486
 Table D-IO (continued)

Gas-saturated conditions

Pressure Compressibility RSW Density Sp. Gr. Gradient Viscosity

(psia) (psi1) FVF (bbl/bbl) (ft3/bbl) (lb/ft3) (air = 1.000) (psi/ft) (cP)
8000 0.340631 1.0619 99.02 63.0216 1.0096 0.4377
7000 0.349258 1.0641 87.37 62.8899 1.0075 0.4367
6000 0.354600 1.0657 68.19 62.7976 1.0060 0.4361
5500 0.356373 1.0663 59.54 62.7600 1.0054 0.4358
5000 0.357674 1.0669 51.52 62.7252 1.0049 0.4356
4500 0.358576 1.0675 44.12 62.6915 1.0043 0.4354
4000 0.359132 1.0681 37.31 62.6572 1.0038 0.4351
3500 0.359375 1.0687 31.07 62.6209 1.0032 0.4349
3000 0.359317 1.0694 25.38 62.5815 1.0026 0.4346
2500 0.358949 1.0701 20.18 62.5381 1.0019 0.4343
2000 0.358235 1.0709 15.43 62.4900 1.0011 0.4340
1500 0.357121 1.0718 11.08 62.4367 1.0002 0.4336
1000 0.355527 1.0728 7.06 62.3780 0.9993 0.4332
750 0.354521 1.0734 5.15 62.3467 0.9988 0.4330
500 0.353357 1.0739 3.30 62.3139 0.9983 0.4327
250 0.352022 1.0745 1.50 62.2799 0.9977 0.4326
15 0.350599 1.0751 0.16 62.2468 0.9972 0.4323
 References and Additional Reading
1. Standing, M. B., and Katz, D. L., "Density of Natural Gases," Trans.
AIME (1942) 146, 140-149.
2. Lasater, J. A., "Bubble Point Pressure Correlation," Trans. AIME
(1958), 379.
3. Vasquez, M., and Beggs, H. D., "Correlations for Fluid Physical Prop-
erty Prediction," /. Pet. Tech. (June 1980) 32, 968-970.
4. Chew, J., and Connally, C. A., Jr., "A Viscosity Correlation for Gas-
Saturated Crude Oils," Trans. AIME (1959) 216, 23-25.
5. Beal, C, "The Viscosity of Air, Water, Natural Gas, Crude Oil and Its
Associated Gases at Oil Field Temperatures and Pressures," Trans.
AIME (1946) 165,94-115.
6. Beggs, H. D., and Robinson, J. R., "Estimating the Viscosity of Oil
Systems," /. Pet. Tech. (September 1975), 1140-111.
7. Hall, H. N., "Compressibility of Reservoir Rocks," Trans. AIME,
(1953) 198, 309-311.
8. Keenan, J. H., and Keyers, F. G., Thermodynamic Properties of Steam,
Wily New York, 1936.
9. Eichelberger, W. C, Ind. Engr Chem. (1955) 47, 223.
10. NcCain W. D., Jr., The Properties of Petroleum Fluids, Petroleum Pub-
lishing Co., Tulsa, OK, 1990.
11. Dodson, C. R., and Standing, M. B., "Pressure-Volume-Temperature
and Solubility Relations for Natural Gas Water Mixtures," Drill Prod.
Prac. API (1944), 173-179.
12. Frick, T. C , Petroleum Production Handbook, Vol. II, Millet the Printer,
Inc., Dallas, TX, 1962.
13. Ulbertson, O. L., and Mcketta, J. J., Solubility of Methane in Water at
Pressures to 10,000 psia," Trans. AIME (1951) 192, 223-226.
14. Amanat U. C, "New Generalized Correlations for Predicting Reservoir
Formation Water Properties as Functions of Pressure, Temperature and
Total Dissolved Solids, Gives Best Accuracy, Computer Application,
Chart or Table Use, Unpublished Development, June, 1998.
Index

Index terms Links

A
Anisotropy 428 462 539 556 574
Anisotropic reservoir systems 523 545 570 574
Nomenclatures for anisotropic permeability
system 545 641
Principal permeability in x-direction 545
Principal permeability in y direction 545
Principal permeability in xy direction 545
Minimum permeability in x-direction 545
Maximum permeability in x-direction 545
Angle of orientation 545
Average system permeability 546
Average pressure 234
Dietz method 238 247 249
Matthews-Bron-Hazebrock method 236 245
Miller-Dyes-Hutchinson method 237
Muskat method 240 242 249
Other methods 245
Estimating constant pressure at aquifer in
water drive reservoirs 244
Ramey-Cobb method 238
Afterflow 199
Apparent wellbore radius 111 161 166 221 224
409
Afterflow rate normalizing graph 149
Average porosity 507

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662
Index terms Links
Average thickness 507 516 518
Average permeability 507 514 546
Afterflow rate normalization log-log graph 149
Afterflow rate normalized pressure-square root
of time plot 229
Application of type curves to estimate
wellbore storage, permeability, and skin in
homogeneous systems
Using Rameys type curves 287
Using Earlougher and Kersch type curves 299
Application of type curves to estimate
wellbore storage, permeability, and skin in
fractured formations
Using McKinleys type curves 302
Using vertical fracture type curves 313
Using horizontal fracture type curves 329
Using type curves for a finite conductivity
vertical fracture 339
Analyzing pulse test using graphical method 457
Analyzing pulse test using analytical method 458
Actual productivity index 162 212
Afterflow analysis using Russells technique 199

B
Bottom-hole shut-in pressure 595
Bilinear flow type analysis 339
Estimating fracture conductivity 346 347 348 350 353
356 357
Estimating fracture half-length 353
Estimating effective wellbore radius 355
Estimating fracture skin factor 355 356

This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation.